Challenges facing a community structure to implement CBNRM in the Eastern Cape, South Africa:
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P , Grundy, Isla
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141416 , vital:37970 , http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Cocks-Dold-Grundy-Vol-5-Issue-3.pdf
- Description: In most developing countries, community based natural resource management (CBNRM) initiatives have been adopted in an attempt to address the issue of environmental sustainability. This has largely come about due to an increasing recognition of the ineffectiveness of the state to achieve such sustainability. Within the South African context, recent policies have been drafted that aim to achieve these outcomes, which strongly articulate the need for the participation of local people in the management of natural resources both within communal areas and on state-owned land. The objectives of new policies, however, are not being met in the Eastern Cape of South Africa for the following key reasons: the insufficient recognition of the impact of past historical and political upheavals experienced within the former homelands’ situation; the government’s inability to process land applications; the government’s lack of ability and capacity to implement these policies; and frustratingly high levels of hierarchy at both the local and national level. The Masakane community, a group of former farm workers from the former Ciskei homeland in South Africa, are attempting to implement CBNRM initiatives. The Masakane case study reveals the urgent need to develop, implement and enforce new institutional and managerial arrangements, because without such arrangements state policies are unlikely to be implemented at the grassroots level.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Comparative photosensitised transformation of polychlorophenols with different sulphonated metallophthalocyanine complexes in aqueous medium
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth , Kuznetsova, Nina , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291520 , vital:56883 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-1169(01)00243-6"
- Description: The relative efficiencies for the oxidation of trichlorophenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP), sensitised by sulphonated phthalocyanine complexes containing Zn, Al, Sn and Si as central metals, were studied in aqueous solutions. For the first time, sulphonated silicon and tin phthalocyanines were synthesised and their activity towards photosensitisation of singlet oxygen and photo-oxidation of polychlorophenols was examined. The efficiency of the sensitised photo-oxidative degradation of polychlorophenols depends not only on singlet oxygen quantum yield of sensitiser, but also on its stability. The influence of substrate structure and the pH of the solution on the photo-oxidation efficiency, as well as on the sensitiser photodegradation were studied. It was found that the contribution of the Type II (singlet oxygen-mediated) mechanism to the relative efficiency of the photosensitised photo-oxidation of the phenol, decreased from phenol to p-chlorophenol, TCP and PCP, whereas Type I radical pathway increased. The results obtained for PCP give evidence that electron transfer from the excited sensitiser to the substrate in its unionised form is responsible for enhanced sensitiser photodegradation.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Configuring convergence : southern African websites looking at American experience
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:535 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008553 , ISBN 0-86810-379-9
- Description: I want the Web to win. Africa’s news sites on the Internet need to succeed and survive. They’re a small guarantee against global marginalisation, and a critical intersection across our continent’s domestic divides. But the outlook is not good. At a conference I went to in Berkeley in April 2001, a venture capitalist had this to say: "If I were to make a speech on when there’ll be investment in new media again, it would be a rather short topic." The alarming closures and retrenchments at news websites in the USA are sending scary signals to our fledgling efforts back here. Starting and growing media enterprises of any sort in African conditions has never been easy. Long starved of investment, our cyberpublishing now faces even greater pressures as old media – newspapers, radio and TV – try to make ends meet under mounting threats. Advertising is shrinking, local costs are rising and currency falls are fuelling the price of imported production factors. Consumers have less cash to spend. Governments are giving even greater problems in some cases. Will we still be here in the morning, and in what condition? This booklet suggests the way forward is for new media to converge with selected partners, old media and new.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Construction and characterization of carbon paste ultra-microelectrodes
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291531 , vital:56884 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2481(01)00212-0"
- Description: The construction and characterization of carbon paste ultra-microelectrodes is reported. Besides a disc-shaped electrode, a carbon paste band electrode is studied. It was found that for both electrode configurations steady-state currents were obtained but that with the type of electrode material used for the band electrode, the upper limit of ultra-microelectrode dimensions, which could be used was 100–150 μm. Smaller dimensions for the band electrodes resulted in a high resistance due to the limited conductivity of the carbon paste, when using the optimal paste composition. With cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4− was studied at individual constructed electrodes and at ensembles of individual electrodes. Detection limits of less than 10−6moll−1 were obtained. Using the data of the same curves it was possible to test if the electrodes have errors and about 20% of the constructed electrodes did not pass this test. Finally it was found that these electrodes show good stability.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Economic review 2001
- Authors: DITSELA
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Development Institute for Training,Support and Education for Labour (DITSELA)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178602 , vital:42958
- Description: This volume of Bargaining Indicators for 2002 comes in the context of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York, the United States’ war on Afghanistan, the collapse of the economy of Argentina and with it the biggest sovereign bankruptcy in history. All these historic events are unfolding within the first synchronised global recession since the 1970s, and have in turn deepened this recession. Within South Africa, this edition of Bargaining Indicators comes in the context of the first anti-government national strike by organised labour since the 1994 elections, and a deepening of the economic slowdown that we noted in the last edition of Bargaining Indicators. In this review of economic developments during 2001 we shine the spotlight on the global recession and its dynamics, and we look in particular at the slide of the world’s largest economy - that of the United States - into its first serious economic crisis since the end of the cold war, and we take a look at the significance of the attacks of September 11 and their aftermath on the dynamics of the global recession. We conclude our discussion of the global recession by discussing the responses of the Bush government and its allies, and at the meaning of these responses for neoliberal economic orthodoxy. We continue our analysis by looking at developments within the South African economy. In particular, we look at the implications of the global recession on the South African economy, and at how the currency crisis that has unfolded since the last quarter of 2001 forms an important moment in the dynamics of the unfolding global recession. Within this context we look at the main economic indicators (GDP; GDE; fixed capital formation, operating surpluses, wages, employment, savings and so on). Lastly, we look at the year ahead, and in particular at the implications of the global and domestic economic developments for the 2002 bargaining season.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Effect of oligomerization on the photochemical properties of silicon octaphenoxyphthalocyanine
- Authors: Maree, M David , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291542 , vital:56885 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00485-3"
- Description: The photochemical properties of silicon octaphenoxyphthalocyanines (SiOPPc) oligomerized were studied in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. Oligomers containing 2–5 and 9 SiOPPc rings linked with terephthalate linkages were synthesized. Singlet oxygen quantum yields were found to be in the range 0.11–0.34, and increased with the number of rings up to five rings, a decrease in the quantum yield was observed for nine rings. This is explained in terms of the high aggregation of the oligomer containing nine rings.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Electrooxidation of cresols on carbon electrodes modified with phthalocyaninato and octabutoxyphthalocyaninato cobalt (II) complexes
- Authors: Grootboom, Natasha , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293207 , vital:57065 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01351-9"
- Description: Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc-GCE) and cobalt(II) octabutoxyphthalocyanine (CoOBuPc-GCE) were employed for the electrochemical analysis of ortho-, meta-, and para-cresols. The oxidation potential of p-cresol was shifted towards less positive values to a larger extent, when compared to m- and o-cresols, on CoOBuPc-GCE. However, the GCE was less stable when modified with CoOBuPc than with CoPc. This is explained using the possible differences in the orientation of the adsorbed phthalocyanine molecules on the electrode. Bulk electrolysis of p-cresol at anodic potentials (1.0 V versus Ag|AgCl) on carbon electrodes modified with CoPc resulted in the formation of radicals which coupled to form trimeric products. On unmodified carbon electrodes, coupling of the radicals resulted in dimeric products following bulk electrolysis. The products formed following bulk electrolysis were characterized by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Orientation of Students
- Authors: Amos, Trevor L , Louw, L , Baxter, Jeremy
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/270879 , vital:54488 , xlink:href="https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jas.2001.329.334"
- Description: With entrepreneurship being an important catalyst in wealth creation, it is imperative that entrepreneurs be developed. The aim of this exploratory research is to contribute to our understanding of the development of entrepreneurs and to encourage further research in the area. This paper proposes a model of entrepreneurship and tests the influencing factors on this model. Based on the findings of this research, it appears that entrepreneurial activity of family members influences the development of entrepreneurship more than gender, race, age or education. With education being a logical site for the development of entrepreneurship within society, this finding raises more questions than it provides answers, highlighting the need for educators to critically review the educational process if entrepreneurship is to be a realistic outcome.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Field Trip A1: Karoo dykes, sills and volcanics in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144835 , vital:38383
- Description: The Karoo Province (Fig. I I ) is one of the classic Mesozoic continental flood basalt provinces At present erosion levels it comprises numerous eroded remnants of extensive, thick, and largely volcanic sequence and a well-exposed subvolcanic intrusive complex of dykes and sheets.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Interaction of serotonin and melatonin with sodium, potassium, calcium, lithium and aluminium
- Authors: Lack, Barbara , Daya, Santy , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291553 , vital:56886 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2001.310202.x"
- Description: In the present study, we investigated the ability of serotonin and melatonin to bind metals that occur naturally in the brain. An electrochemical technique called adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) was employed to study the metal–serotonin or metal–melatonin interactions. The results show that both serotonin and melatonin form stable complexes with lithium and potassium, with serotonin favouring lithium over potassium, and melatonin favouring potassium over lithium. Coordination between either serotonin or melatonin and calcium was not favoured. The stability of the complexes formed between serotonin and the metals decreased with the metals as follows: Li+>K+>Al3+>Na+>Ca2+. The trend for melatonin–metal complexes was K+>Li+>Na+>Al3+>Ca2+. The binding and stable complex formation between both ligands, serotonin and melatonin with lithium, potassium and sodium is of biological importance. The binding of serotonin to lithium could provide an explanation for the therapeutic effects of lithium in depression treatment, whereas the binding of aluminium by melatonin could provide insight into the role of this element in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Khoisan revivalism: the claims of Africa’s first indigenous peoples: racism and the media
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:40222 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC144705
- Description: An unexpected development in post-apartheid South Africa is the revivalism of Khoisan identity, the truly indigenous of the country whose blood flows through many who now know themselves by different names.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Labour Law amendments
- Authors: SAMWU
- Date: Feb 2001
- Subjects: SAMWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111107 , vital:33380
- Description: Our National Executive Committee met on 20/21 February and, amongst others, deliberated on the latest developments around the proposed labour law amendments. After consideration of the document circulated at the recent COSATU CEC and the subsequent CEC resolution on the matter, our NEC resolved as follows: SAMWU expresses its concern at the manner in which negotiations on the amendments were conducted and more specifically the lack of a more thoroughgoing consultative process involving workers. Already it would appear, as cautioned previously, that the Millenium Labour Council has usurped NEDLAC as the site of engagement on matters of this nature with the latter simply assuming a rubber- stamping role. Of major concern to the Union is the proposed joint vision that serves as a preamble to the agreement concluded between the negotiators in the Millenium Labour Council. In the view of SAMWU, the vision constitutes the first formal embrace by COSATU, notwithstanding the Federation’s vision of socialism, of neo-liberal globalisation viz. economic growth for redistribution. The COSATU view has always been the opposite - growth through redistribution. SAMWU cannot support any agreement with business that acknowledges their right to a ‘competitive’ profit and secure investments. Profits derive directly from the exploitation of workers. If any agreement between business, labour and government on the proposed amendments has to contain a preamble, then SAMWU is of the view that it should simply recognise that notwithstanding fundamental differences on an appropriate macro-economic strategy for the country, the parties have been able to reach agreement on various amendments to labour legislation.
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- Date Issued: Feb 2001
Language policy, symbolic power and the democratic responsibility of the post-apartheid university
- Authors: Alexander, Neville
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Academic Freedom -- South Africa Universities and colleges -- South Africa Equality Liberty Education and state -- South Africa Education, Higher -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/696 , vital:19982
- Description: Recent articles by John Higgins (1999) and André du Toit (2000), both of the University of Cape Town and a forthcoming article by Roger Southall and Julian Cobbing have contextualised the discussion of this perennial question in both time and place. Du Toit, in particular, has put the cat among the pigeons by querying the relevance in the era of globalisation and the corporatisation of institutions of higher learning, of the classic liberal interpretation of the T.B. Davie formula deriving from the 1950s, i.e., the freedom of "the university" to decide whom to teach, what to teach, how to teach and who should teach. The gist of his argument is that the danger no longer comes from outside the walls of the university, in the guise of the racist apartheid state, for instance. Instead, the threat comes from inside the institutions themselves as the result of the so-called managerial revolution, which is a manifestation of the shift of power from the collegium academicum to the administrative officials, since the curricular and pedagogical, i.e., academic, freedom of the lecturing and research staff is thereby put at risk. He maintains that the manner in which Higgins and others have addressed the question is anachronistic in that the political terrain and the institutional dynamics in which universities operate in post-apartheid South Africa are light years removed from the apartheid university. At the very least, one-quarter of the composite formula, that which refers to "whom to teach" has been rendered irrelevant, since there is no longer any barrier to access to tertiary education, besides those that operate in any "normal" capitalist democracy.
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- Date Issued: 2001
Living in Grahamstown East/Rini: a social indicators report
- Authors: Moller, Valerie , Manona, Cecil Wele , Van Hees, C , Pillay, E , Tobi, A
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: Book , text
- Identifier: vital:540 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010769
- Description: [From the preface]: The ‘Living in Grahamstown East/Rini’ project takes its title from a series of reports on social indicators initiated by Statistics South Africa. The popular series aims to communicate to ordinary people the statistics on living conditions in various parts of the country. The first two booklets in the series, Living in South Africa and Living in Gauteng, were based on survey data for South Africa and Gauteng Province (CSS: 1996; 1997). In similar vein, this booklet presents statistics on living conditions in Grahamstown East/Rini for ready reference by community organisations, local planning and policy-makers, scholars, and the general public. [From the introduction]: This report is intended to serve the needs of information users. The source of information is a representative sample survey of 862 Grahamstown East/Rini households conducted in May 1999. The report serves as a reference work for municipal planners and policymakers, community organisations, and interested citizens. It is hoped that the reported social indicators will be useful for drawing up business plans for community development projects. The information in this report is mainly factual. It is based on self-reports collected from households in Grahamstown East/Rini. In time, the facts contained in this report will date. They will then gain historical value for scholars with an interest in learning "how things were" to compare the situation in Grahamstown East/Rini in 1999 with later developments and changes in living conditions and lifestyles , This was edited by Valerie Møller, with contributions by Cecil W. Manona, Charlotte van Hees, Edmund Pillay and Andile Tobi , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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- Date Issued: 2001
Managing regrowth of an indigenous savanna tree species (Terminalia sericea) for fuelwood: The influence of stump dimensions and post-harvest coppice pruning
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181672 , vital:43757 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00086-6"
- Description: Most African savannas are subjected to harvesting of wood, especially for fuelwood, charcoal and construction timber. A key attribute of the resilience and productivity of savannas is the ability of damaged trees to regrow from the remaining stump. Survival of the cut stem and growth rate of the resultant coppice shoots is influenced by several factors, including size of the tree, cutting height and the root/shoot ratio after felling. Some of these can be manipulated to maximise subsequent regrowth, but this is little understood for most African savanna species. This study investigated the influence of original tree size, height of cut and post-harvest pruning on regrowth of Terminalia sericea. Regrowth was monitored as the number of coppice shoots, the mean coppice shoot length and the cumulative coppice shoot length per cut stump over four growing seasons. There was a positive relationship between cutting height and number of coppice shoots, but height of cut did not significantly affect mean or cumulative coppice shoot length. Larger stems produced more coppice and had greater mean and cumulative coppice shoot lengths than smaller stems. Post-harvest pruning increased the mean shoot length, but not the cumulative shoot length. After four growing seasons mean shoot length for the single shoot pruning treatment (one shoot left) was 54% greater than for the no prune treatment, whilst the double shoot pruning (two shoots left) was 40% greater. Extrapolated harvest intervals for fuelwood poles were 3–4 years for large stems, 4–5 years for medium-sized stems, and 4–9 years for small stems.
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- Date Issued: 2001
May Day is ours
- Authors: SACTWU
- Date: Apr 2001
- Subjects: SACTWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110743 , vital:33328
- Description: Cosatu has decided that May Day 2001 should focus on our campaign for jobs, and highlight the International Labour Organisation (ILO’s) Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up. This is an important document. Adopted by the ILO’s International Labour Conference on 18 June 1998, it arose out of "...concerns in the international community over the processes of globalisation and the social consequences of trade liberalisation...." The Declaration commits member countries to respect the following four core categories of fundamental rights at work, to promote it and to work for it to be universally achieved: • Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; • The elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour; • The effective abolition of child labour; • The elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. The Declaration, importantly, emphasises that all member countries have an obligation to respect these fundamental principles, irrespective of whether they have or have not ratified the relevant ILO Conventions. As part of this special May Day edition of the Sactwu Shop Stewards’ Bulletin, we reproduce the entire Declaration and its Follow-up. Discuss, debate and report back!
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- Date Issued: Apr 2001
May Day is ours - Crush poverty create quality jobs
- Authors: SACTWU
- Date: Apr 2001
- Subjects: SACTWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111041 , vital:33367
- Description: Cosatu has decided that May Day 2001 should focus on our campaign for jobs, and highlight the International Labour Organisation (ILO’s) Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up. This is an important document. Adopted by the ILO’s International Labour Conference on 18 June 1998, it arose out of "...concerns in the international community over the processes of globalisation and the social consequences of trade liberalisation." The Declaration commits member countries to respect the following four core categories of fundamental rights at work, to promote it and to work for it to be universally achieved: Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; The elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour; The effective abolition of child labour; The elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. The Declaration, importantly, emphasises that all member countries have an obligation to respect these fundamental principles, irrespective of whether they have or have not ratified the relevant ILO Conventions. As part of this special May Day edition of the Sactwu Shop Stewards’ Bulletin, we reproduce the entire Declaration and its Follow-up. Discuss, debate and report back!
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- Date Issued: Apr 2001
Measuring the value of the arts to society: the importance of the value of externalities for lower income and education groups in South Africa
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D , Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143134 , vital:38204 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2001.tb00034.x
- Description: Governments in many countries have cut their support of the arts on the grounds that it is the pleasure of the higher income, well educated members of society that they are sponsoring. In the 1980's government support of the arts, even in developed countries, fell by 30 per cent (Throsby 1994). While it is true that many studies have found that arts attenders represent the educated, prosperous minority of society (Morrison and West, 1986; Dobson and West, 1990; Hendon 1990), this paper argues that if the social as well as the more traditional economic measures of the value of the arts are considered, it can be shown that many of the positive externalties provided by the arts accrue to lower income and education groups.
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- Date Issued: 2001
NUM Education strategic plan
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/106445 , vital:32652
- Description: First we need to ask the obvious question, what is the purpose of a trade union education strategic plan? The answer is as follows,To enable the union to locate its educational concerns and plan its responses with due regard to available resources, and capacity. To ensure that there is a reference point for a thorough on-going assessment of progress. To help articulate a vision for the unions education which inspires and motivates all those concerned. This is critical to the long-term success of our union. Assessing and adopting strategic options requires a vision to help us locate and then analyse both external and internal conditions. It helps us to formulate manageable and realistic strategies to achieve agreed objectives. It helps us to implement our plans with a clear appreciation of our true capacity and to measure outcomes accurately
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- Date Issued: 2001