Boerdery in die Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek 1858-1899
- Authors: Naudé, Petrus
- Date: 1954
- Subjects: Agriculture -- South Africa -- History -- 19th century , Agricultural laborers -- South Africa -- History , Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- History , Farmers -- South Africa -- History -- 19th century
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1092 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012946
- Description: In Suid-Afrika het die opkoms van die sosialistiese gedagte teen die einde van die negentiende eeu ook merkbare invloed op die staatshuishouding gehad. In die negentiende eeu was die ekonomiese wetgewing, hoofsaaklik onder invloed van die indiwidualisme volgens die leer van "Laissez- faire", daarop gerig om die maksimum welvaart te verkry deur vrye mededinging aan te moedig en te beskerm, en om privaat inisiatief sy gang te laat gaan. Daar het egter geleidelik 'n verandering in hierdie houding en beleid ingetree. Deur 'n verandering in die beskouing omtrent die einddoel van die menslike arbeid en sy ekonomiese bedrywigheid moes die staat uit sosiaal-ekonomiese oorwegings sekere seksies van die samelewing deur spesiale en beskermende wetgewing te hulp kom. Die ontwikkeling van die aandeel wat die staat geneem het in die beheer en bevordering van die welvaart van die boere in die Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek is ' n voorbeeld van die voorgenoemde omwenteling in die ekonomiese en bedryfslewe teen die einde van die vorige eeu. Die staat het aanvanklik weinig gedoen vir die bevordering en beheer van die onderhoudsboerdery. Later, met die veranderde boerderyekonomie, het staatshulp, staatsvoorligting en -beheer egter noodsaaklik geword. Gedurende die laaste jare van die Suid- Afrikaanse Republiek het die owerheid meer en meer verpligtings teenoor die boeregemeenskap aanvaar. Namate die staat groter hulp en diens verskaf het, na dié mate moes hy ook groter beheer uitoefen.
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- Date Issued: 1954
Some measurements of the conductivities of dilute potassium chloride solutions
- Authors: Faure, Abraham
- Date: 1954
- Subjects: Potassium chloride
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4471 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011787
- Description: A constant temperature room has been constructed in which the thermoregulator is controlled by a temperature-sensitive resistance. A thermostat has been constructed in which the 0 temperature is controlled to within 0.001°C. A precision conductance bridge has been built in a very convenient form. Improvements include the replacement of the telephone as null detector by a cathode ray oscilloscope, and the use of a resistance-capacity phase-shift oscillator, which gives a good wave-form. An automatic recycling conductance water still has been built which regularly gives water with a conductivity less than 0.09 micromhos per cm. The conductivities of dilute KCl solutions have been measured, taking special care to prevent errors due to the adsorption of KCl on the surface of glass. Two cells were used for these measurements : a modified Jones cell, and a special conductimetric titration cell. The modified Jones cell has given results in good agreement with the generally-accepted values. The results of the conductimetric titration cell do not agree well with the generally-accepted values; the greatest difference (for the most dilute solution) is 0.4%. The reason for this is not known.
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- Date Issued: 1954
Studies in the comparative anatomy and systematic importance of the hexapod tentorium
- Authors: Hudson, Gerda Bland
- Date: 1954
- Subjects: Insects -- Anatomy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5858 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012457
- Description: During a study of the morphology of the orthopteroid Hexapoda between the years 1939-1941, it appeareded to the writer that further investigation into the structure of the insect tentorium was necessary. The early entomologists laid the foundation or our knowledge or the tentorium but during the latter half of the last century little was added in this particulart field. Comstock and Kochi (1902), as far as the writer is aware are the only workers who have published a paper devoted entirely to the skeleton of the bead of insects, and they did much to clarify both nomenclature and existing knowledge of this structure at that time. Berlese (1909) described a typical tentorlum as observed in orthopteroid Hexapoda and then considered the variations of the tentorium which occur in other groups of insects. Some confusion then appears to have arisen amongst workers, over the origin of the dorsal arms which were erroneously considered by some to be cuticular invaginations and not secondary outgrowths of the anterior tentorial arms. Certain morphologists amongst them, Hoke (1924) Denis (1928), Snodgrass (1928, 1935), Hansen (1930), Walker (1933) Imms (1934), and Symmons (1952), have done much towards improving our knowledge of the tentorium, but all too frequently workers offer brief and inadequate descriptions of this structure in otherwise comprehensive investigations of the insect head. Themain objects in this study are threefold, vlz. (1) The claification of nomenclature (2) The examination and the interpretation ot the tentorium in certain groups of insects. (3) The deliberation as to whether the tentorium is of phylogenetic significance, and thus of use in assessing various schemes of insect classification which have been presented. Introduction, p. 1-2.
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- Date Issued: 1954
The chemistry of naturally occurring long chain unsaturated compounds
- Authors: Silk, M H
- Date: 1954
- Subjects: Compounds, Unsaturated
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4518 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014332
- Description: [From Introduction, p. 3] Raw marine oils are subject to considerable variation in composition with season and are moreover very unbalanced oils for direct use in the paint industry. Further refining is undertaken chiefly by Messrs Marine Oil Refiners of Africa Ltd., whose factory is situated at Simonstown. In their plant marine oils and others are treated by the Solexol process involving counter current extraction of the oil with liquid propane in a tower over which a temperature gradient is maintained. The process achieves the removal of a large proportion of the relatively saturated glycerides, the natural antitioxidants, and the relatively highly unsaturated components, all of which are detrimental to the eventual formation of good paint films. The segregated marine oil from the Solexol process is then bodied or polymerised at high temperatures to yield a "drying oil" which is used as a substitute for bodied linseed oil in paints. The chemical reactions taking place during the polymerisation and drying of these oils are of an exemely complex nature, and for their understanding it is necessary to have an accurate knowledge of the chemical nature of the component fatty acids in the natural glycerides ... The term "marine oils" in this work should be understood to mean marine fish body oils, marine mammal oils being excluded from consideration.
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- Date Issued: 1954
The rehabilitative value of sub-economic housing as illustrated by Schauder Township, Port Elizabeth, Cape Province, Union of South Africa, 1938-1948
- Authors: Stoker, F M L
- Date: 1954
- Subjects: Housing rehabilitation -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3389 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014554
- Description: [From Introductory discussion]. The modern approach to any sociological problem is characterised by the attempt to analyse the contributory factors in such a way that their inter-active association is clearly discernible. The simple concept of "single cause and effect" is now recognised to be a traversity of social fact. Social Pathology, therefore, may be said to attempt to isolate the multiple factors involved in a given situation, and to endeavour to determine thelr mode of inter-action in order that remedial techniques may be applied effectively. Slum conditions are obviously pathologic, by which it is understood that the environment imposes strains upon the individual to which there is ineffective adjustment. The rehabilitation of such a population would involve the converse process, restoring individuals to a condition where they are able to cope in every respect with the demands of life at their respective class levels. It is very rare indeed that only a single factor is involved in a social pathological condition and for this reason it is quite possible that one- sided efforts at rehabilitation - such as the attempt to re-house ALL slum dwellers in sub-economic houses - have a tendency to increase the pathology in another direction. Rehabilitation must therefore be based on multi-factorial analysis in which allowance is, as far as possible, made for the inter-connection of each of the individual deviations from the normal. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of good housing conditions on the 2335 Coloured slum families re-housed in sub-economic houses at Schauder Township, Port Elizabeth, from the time that these houses were first available for occupancy.
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- Date Issued: 1954