The South African anaphora: the development of the anaphora of the South African Eucharistic rite
- Authors: Hinchliff, Peter Bingham
- Date: 1958
- Subjects: Church of the Province of South Africa. Book of common prayer -- History -- Sources Eucharistic prayers Eucharistic prayers -- Anglican Communion Anglican Communion -- Liturgy -- History -- Sources Anglican Communion -- South Africa -- Liturgy -- History -- Sources.
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1260 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012293
- Description: The Prayer Book of the Church of England reached South Africa as a part of the establishment of the British Administration at the Cape. In its new environment it obviously required some revision. The Book of 1662 reflected the political and social conditions of its time. lt was designed for a Church not immediately concerned with missionary work amongst heathen peoples but directly established under the Crown. The circumstances of a Church in the colonies, particularly when the colonies became self-governing, required some modernisation of language, some omission and adaptation of old prayers and some addition of new ones. Yet the Church appears to have been wary of attempting anything more than this, and it was especially reluctant to make any revision which might imply a doctrinal change. The consecration prayer in the liturgy -'our incomparable liturgy' - was particularly sacrosanct by virtue of long use and the accretion of sentimental associations. Revision of this part of the book would naturally be slow and hesitant and this is the revision with which we are concerned - the most interesting and important part of the history of the South African Prayer Book. Chapter 1, p. 6.
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- Date Issued: 1958
The expanding horizon : a geographical commentary upon routes, records, observations & opinions contained in selected documents concerning travel at the Cape, 1750-1800
- Authors: Forbes, Vernon S (Vernon Siegfried)
- Date: 1958
- Subjects: Travelers -- South Africa , South Africa -- Description and travel -- Early works to 1800
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4886 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014908
- Description: This study seeks to provide a geographical commentary upon documents relating to travel in the Cape during the second half of the eighteenth century. These documents include not only books of travel, but also travel journals, letters and maps both published and unpublished. They have been examined in the first place to ascertain what light they throw on the evolution of geographical ideas concerning the phenomena now capable of classification under the broad heading of physical geography. Secondly the have been viewed as part of the geography of travel and exploration which deals with routes, the identification of places, the explanation of place-names and the evolution of the map, or in its absence, of the mental picture of the regions reported on. Historical events are also considered, for the geographer can no more afford to ignore history than the historian dare cast a blind eye upon geography.
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- Date Issued: 1958
Grahamstown: a socio-ecological study of a small South African Town
- Authors: Watts, Hilstan Lett
- Date: 1958
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Buildings , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- History , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Social conditions , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3386 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013424
- Description: Little is known at present about the development, structure, and functions of small towns in the Union of South Africa, and there is a need to fill this gap in our knowledge. A study has been made of Grahamstown, a small South African town. This study is monographic and intensive in character, and heuristic in aim. Ad hoc hypotheses have been formulated on the basis of the findings of the study, and these must be tested by subsequent studies of other small towns. Grahamstown, the subject of the study, was chosen largely for reasons of convenience, and also because of its interesting development. It is suggested that in many ways the town is possibly a typical small town, but at this stage we cannot know if this is so. Only the white population of the town was investigated, as it was necessary to limit research to manageable proportions, and in addition several studies have already been made of the non-white populations of the town. The analysis has been described as socio-ecological, as basically the methodological approach used is an attempt to wed the methods of the urban demographer and the social ecologist. Time and space are used as the two co-ordinates for the analysis, so that both a social historical and an ecological-demographic analysis of the town have been made. The historical analysis of the development and functions of Grahamstown relies heavily on material collected from the early newspapers of the town. Grahamstown, once the most important town in the Eastern Cape Province, known as the ''Emporium" and ''Metropolis" of the Eastern Cape, and the most progressive town in the Colony, is to-day a small static town with, on the whole, relatively restricted influence. This fundamental change in the historical development of the town, hitherto unexplained, is the result of the changes in the socioecological make-up of the region around the town. Founded in 1812 as a strategic outpost on the frontier of the Colony, Grahamstown dominated a wide region; as the gateway to and the supply centre for, the frontier, the town flourished and reigned supreme. From the mid 19th Century onwards the region began to change to a developed one, with the frontier more and more inland. Grahamstown, no longer a strategic outpost in a frontier region, lost its dominant ecological position to Port Elizabeth, the natural supply base for, and gateway to, the new settled region. As one town among many in the new settled region, Grahamstown gradually lost many of its former functions, and began to stagnate. The town is to-day mainly known for its important educational function. This function, a relic from the days of the town's zenith, has saved the town from complete stagnation. The town is what it is to-day largely because of the socio-ecological regional influences which have operated on it since its foundation. To-day Grahamstown is located within the Port Elizabeth metropolitan district. The town is the centre of a wide variety of regional services of an ad hoc type, and the modal region served seems to be that settled by the 1820 Settlers - basically the town is mainly a supply centre for its surrounding rural areas. The demographic structure of the town reveals a static population. Growth of the white population has been practically static since about 1880, and the age structure is that of a stationary population. Particularly noticeable is the under-representation of the young working group in the population, and it is suggested that due to the lack of economic opportunities in the town, the young workers of the town, especially the unmarried males, migrate to larger urban areas to seek employment, and advancement. The sex-ratio of the population shows an excess of females, and this may be due to migration out of an excess of young males, and possibly migration in of older spinsters. Retired persons definitely migrate to the town to settle. The town, a predominantly English speaking one, has practically no industries, and so the population contains a majority of workers engaged in professional, administrative, and commercial activities. This stresses the service and supply functions of the town. The ecological analysis delineated various natural areas and zones in the town. The pattern approximates to patterns revealed by studies of American towns. Although the areas involved were relatively small, ecological differentiation was marked. The spatial distribution of demographic and other social phenomena was studied in detail. The results of the study have allowed several ad hoc hypotheses concerning the development, functions, and structures of small towns in South Africa to be formulated. These may be tested by subsequent studies, and so ultimately knowledge and theories about our small towns may be built up.
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- Date Issued: 1958
Contributions to the biology, anatomy and physiology of Opisthophthalmus Latimanus & other scorpions
- Authors: Alexander, Anne Joy
- Date: 1958
- Subjects: Scorpions -- South Africa , Scorpions -- Anatomy , Scorpions -- Physiology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5891 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013375
- Description: [From Introduction] For many years the problem of interrelationships within the Arthropoda and, indeed, the origin of the Phylum itself have been of interest to many zoologists. It was felt, for reasons which will be given later, that one of the studies which might throw some light on this matter is that of the neuromuscular physiology of arachnid appendages. Consequently it was proposed that the work which is reported here should be primarily concerned with this problem. As in so many cases involving live animals, both the experimental subjects and the experimenter gradually managed to change the direction in which work was proceeding and the result is that only a preliminary attack has been made on the original problem, while most of the material submitted here deals either with functional anatomy or with biological-cum-behavioural characteristics of the experimental animal. Thus it was found that to develop experimental preparations for neuro-muscular studies, it was necessary to work out the anatomy of the muscles and nerves of the appendages used; but this it is not enough. For these nerves and muscles are part of a functional complex which operates as a unit and have therefore to be studied in relation to the structures that they move. Considerations at this level, in fact, carried the study to the plane of functional anatomy. Furthermore it was recognised that even the comprehension of a limb as a functional complex cannot be acquired in isolation. All structures have an evolutionary history and in any consideration of functional anatomy this history must be taken into account - even if the consideration requires extension to the problem of the origin of the group immediately under study.
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- Date Issued: 1958
A statistical study of the errors involved in the sampling and chemical analysis of soils and plants, with particular reference to citrus and pineapples
- Authors: Steyn, Willem Johannes Abraham
- Date: 1958
- Subjects: Soil chemistry , Plants -- Analysis , Soils -- Analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4506 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013291
- Description: 1. Accurate and reproducible methods for the determination of N and acid- extractable P in soils are described. The variations in N, P, and K found by intensive sampling of three different soil types are presented. 3. Suggestions for the adequate sampling of soils for various purposes arc given. 4. A study is presented of the preparative stages in leaf analysis (washing, drying, grinding and storage) as applied to citrus and pineapple leaf material. Likely errors are pointed out and procedures whereby these may be minimised are described. 5. A reliable wet-ashing procedure for obtaining leaf solutions is described. 6. Accurate and reproducible methods for the determination of total N, P,. K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in citrus and pineapple leaves are presented. 7. It is shown that diurnal variations in nutrient concentrations occur in citrus and pineapple leaves. 8. The variations in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu, occurring from tree to tree in 3 different Navel orange blocks are presented. It is shown that if all these elements are to be represented . to within 10% of the mean values on a 19 : 1 probability level, all the trees in the blocks would have to be sampled. Reasonable sampling procedures for various purposes are suggested. 9. The variations in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu, occurring in 3 different Cayenne pineapple plantations are presented and described. Suitable sampling procedures are suggested.
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- Date Issued: 1958