"Us" and "them": disagreement over the meanings of terms, ambiguity, contestability and strategy in the Zimbabwean House of Assembly
- Authors: Hasler, Arthur Richard Patrick
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Politicians -- Zimbabwe -- Language , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government -- 1980- |xLanguage
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2083 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001600
- Description: This is a study of how certain value loaded political terms are used in Zimbabwean Parliamentary debate. Before 1980 it is argued that aspects of lexical choice and an individual's sociopolitical position were extremely closely related, especially in the case of "white Rhodesians". There was also a marked lack of ambiguity in the use of value loaded terms at this time. In contemporary Zimbabwean House of Assembly, however, terms which became popularized when the new government came to power in 1980 are used with considerable ambiguity and contestability in order to further specific strategies. Though correlations between the choice of lexical units and individuals' positions in the social structure have been identified as "sociolinguistic variables" (Downes 1984, 75), it is argued that an analysis of this type of correlation should lead us to an analysis of how these lexical units or "terms" are used by individual speakers in a micro-political process. I hypothesize that the ambiguity and contestability which encompass certain key terms used in the Zimbabwean House contribute to their being used as strategies to achieve individual or party goals. I show that the terms are manipulated by individuals in various contexts, and that the normative connotations of terms, that is what the terms "ought" to mean, is not consistent with the ways in which they are used. This, in turn, has an effect on how people think the terms should be used. This process of language change exposes the interface between language usage and social life. Though not reducible to a single "correct" interpretation, it does provide rich material for the analysis of culture.
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- Date Issued: 1989
'n Marxisties-feministiese ondersoek van Wilma Stockenström se roman, Die kremetartekspedisie
- Authors: Gardner, Judy Hilary
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Stockenström, Wilma -- Criticism and interpretation , Stockenström, Wilma. Kremetartekspedisie
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3568 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002091
- Description: Chapter is an exploration of the meanings which may underly the title of this novel. I have tried initially to establish what kind of "expedition" is undertaken, and have come to the conclusion that "expedition" has a multidimensional meaning, that it implies a search, an expedition into different things: an expedition to the city of rose-quartz; the slave woman's expeditions from the baobab tree and back; an inner expedition to gain self-knowledge; an expedition into womanhood; an expedition into the history of Africa, into religion, into language. The second part of the chapter examines the nature of "baobab", since this tree, like the "Tree of Life", is regarded as one growing upside-down. It is this upside-down nature of the tree which led me to believe that many existing stereotypes and myths are turned upside-down in the novel: about slaves, about woman, language, the Afrikaans literary tradition, the "traditional" structure of the novel, culture transcending nature, the slave woman's language. In chapter 2 I have examined only one of these expeditions, viz. the slave woman's inner expeditions consisting of her experiences as a slave and her journeys of reminiscence. These journeys at the same time embrace all the other expeditions. Her inner expeditions are signified by a number of codes, which fulfil literally the function of processes of knowledge, of self- knowledge, as well as of systems in which meaning is contained. By undertaking this inner expedition, the woman gains greater clarity of vision concerning her own existence and the existence of man/woman in general. Chapter 3 deals mainly with the concept of possession/ownership, which results in two diametrically opposed groups: the owner class and the owned class. The peculiar institution of slavery has given rise to these two irreconcilable groups, and therefore a brief history of slavery is included in this chapter. The slave woman is initially one of the owned class, but through indoctrination, she too aspires to become a member of the owner class. In the second half of the chapter, then, the woman is discussed as owner. Her position becomes a reflection of the position of her owners, to illustrate the peculiarity of the capitalist system in which there will always be the rulers and the subjects, the oppressor and the oppressed, the owner and the owned.
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- Date Issued: 1989
A metabletic study of the male/female process in psychology
- Authors: O'Brien, Keith Stanley Edward Michael
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Psychology -- Philosophy , Sex difference (Psychology) , Psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2908 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002073
- Description: The motivation to explore the subject matter of this thesis arises from two interlinked processes: (1) the experience of the power and pervasiveness of a "basic split" experienced in therapy in the unity of the individual, (2) the tendency in the unitary discipline psychology for theorists to adopt views which are polar opposites. In trying to understand these phenomena one has to explore the basic paradox of being which has fascinated thinkers and mystics down through the ages, the paradox of the One and the many, and thus the phenomenon of change. This paradox is explored in mythology, in the "philosophia perennis" and as encountered in high-energy sub-atomic physics. Out of this emerges the awareness of Being as One but as embodying a dynamic polar process, the first of whose manifestations is the male and the female process (or Yin/Yang in Chinese). The male/female process is defined and explored and it is shown that the female process has been progressively ignored and largely repressed in the West. I demonstrate this process in a metabletic (hermeneutical phenomenological) study of Greek sacred architecture. Metabletics as defined by its originator, J.H. van den Berg, is "the theory of change" or a psychology of history. It is thus a particularly suitable method of analysing the cultural-historical process of the repression of the female process in Western society. The emergence of the male process as predominant in the West is explored hermeneutically through the emergence of the individual and the suppression of the old unity centred in the Mother Goddess, and the receding of the Father God to the heavens. The choice by the great Greek philosophers of the male process is particularly important because of their emphasis on the Logico-Mathematical Sequential (L.M.S.) mode of knowing and perception at the expense of the female process, Intuitive-Creative Holistic (I.C.H.) mode.The dominance of the male process in the West is traced from the aboriginal female-process state through neolithic village culture to the rise of the first cities. Processes studied are the rise of kingship, war, private property and the splitting of labour. The roots of anomie and alienation are described. The emergence of god as powerful ruler and lawgiver is shown. The splitting of the male/female process leads to the splitting of the individual from him/herself, from others, from the world and from the divine. This is traced in the mystery religions, in religious dualism, in the rise of the Judaeo-Christian tradition and Gnosticism. The split and its effects are demonstrated in Western science and psychology. The necessity and possibility of integration in science and in psychology is demonstrated through the integration of our process of knowing and perceiving which is used as a model for the integration of psychology. The effects of the male/female split on the individual in Western society are shown. The split in our society leads to anomie and alienation, which produce "socioses". These affect the child born into the society and lead to a "Parent/Child" split. The possibility of healing the split in the individual, between people, between humankind and the world and in re-establishing our unity in the One is illustrated. The unity of the One is experienced through the dynamic polar interaction of the male/female process.
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- Date Issued: 1989
A review of the biology of the Blackbellied Starling and other African forest starlings
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447730 , vital:74670 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1989.9639610
- Description: The Blackbellied Starling Lamprotornis corruscus is the only true forest starling in southern Africa. At the southern end of its coastal range it is an irregular visitor, and it may move according to food availability. The limited data on breeding, moult and seasonal occurrence are discussed. Only two subspecies are recognised. A brief survey of the 12 African starlings of evergreen forests shows that little is known about their basic biology or their role as highly mobile frugivores.
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- Date Issued: 1989
An "unobtrusive art" : Elizabeth Gaskell's use of place in Ruth, North and South, and Wives and Daughters
- Authors: Eve, Vivian Jeanette
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, 1810-1865 , Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, 1810-1865 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2173 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001824
- Description: The purpose of this study is to show how Elizabeth Gaskell creates a sense of place and why place is important in her novels. Gaskell's life and works indicate an interest in place and an ability to recreate it, but, although most critics mention her descriptive powers, few examine how a sense of place is achieved. Indeed, setting as a tool of analysis has received critical attention only fairly recently. Here the term 'place' has been chosen because it embraces the social, physical, and personal aspects of setting as well as the objects with which spaces are furnished, and for the purpose of discussing its significance a model of the novel has been devised which shows the interrelationships of character, action, setting, language, and ideas, as well as the influence of context (Introduction). Gaskell creates a sense of place in many unobtrusive ways, but particularly important are point of view, windows as vantage points, the connection of place with memory, and similarities in perception between scenes in the novels and fashions in painting (Chapter One). An analysis of Ruth illustrates the interrelationship of character and place. Ruth's journey mirrors her spiritual development, and character is often revealed through response to environment or the displacement of emotions onto it, while place is also used to signify innocence and to emphasize the plea for understanding of the unmarried mother and her child (Chapter Two). Places in North and South represent important aspects of newly industrialized Britain, and are significant to the novel's vision of a coherent society; an examination of how apparently irreconcilable communities are shown to be mutually dependent underlines the importance of place to the novel's ideas (Chapter Three). Wives and Daughters has a complicated plot based on a number of parallel, interlocking stories each centred on a home in the neighbourhood of Hollingford. How event, story, and plot are connected to these places shows their relationship with action (Chapter Four). Thus is an appreciation of Gaskell's literary achievement enhanced, and place shown to be a significant element in her novels.
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- Date Issued: 1989
An existential-phenomenological explication of being-a-black student at a predominantly white university, with special reference to Rhodes University
- Authors: Harilall, Rehena Ranir
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Racism , South Africa , Black university students , College , Racism -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , College students, Black , College students, Black -- South Africa -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2903 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002067
- Description: This study attempts to explore, theoretically and empirically, the experience of being black in a predominantly white university. It is more specifically concerned with perceived interaction between members of different cultural and ethnic groups, namely, between black and white. Using the existential-phenomenological method the experience of seven subjects, both male and female, were explicated. This explication revealed that black students become aware of their "difference" during interaction with members of the dominant white group. The black students perceive the behaviour of the white-dominant group to be racist and this creates a great deal of latent hostility, anger, and resentment. It is suggested that a programme be developed to diffuse the conflict situation during intergroup interaction at university.
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- Date Issued: 1989
An investigation into the social/personality guidance needs of a group of secondary school pupils
- Authors: McGregor, Dale
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Interpersonal relations in adolescence , Personality in adolescence , Educational counseling , Adolescent psychology , Youth -- Counseling of
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1353 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001419
- Description: School guidance aims to meet the social/personality, educational and vocational needs of pupils, and the curriculum, organised and drawn up by the relevant State education departments, attempts to address these needs. This investigation set out to discover the guidance needs of pupils specifically in the social/personality area, and further, to state these needs in such a way as to allow the logical development of guidance programmes. Group and individual interviews were conducted using a sample of 72 high school pupils, selected from standards six to eight. The results show clearly the areas in which the pupils perceive their needs to lie. It is also apparent that further research in this area is strongly indicated.
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- Date Issued: 1989
Arguments for other minds
- Authors: Dowling, Dolina Sylvia
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Mind and body -- Philosophy
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2702 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001977
- Description: If I am aware of my own mental states by introspection (a) How can I know that other people have minds? and (b) How can I know what their mental states are? These are two of the questions with which I will be concerned in this dissertation. I discuss five different attempts to deal with them. (i) The claim that we can know that other people have minds by an argument from analogy. I show a number of serious flaws in Russell's and other versions of this argument. (ii) Malcolm's thesis that the criteria by which we apply mental terms to others are just different from the criteria one applies in one's own case. I argue that Halcolm's accounts of both first- and third-person criteria are not adequate. (iii) I consider Strawson claim that 'persons' is a primitive concept and that behavioural criteria are "logically adequate" for determining the correctness of statements about the mental states of others. I argue that both of his key concepts are underanalysed. (iv) A quite different attempt to answer our questions (a) and (b) is given by the empirical realist who argues that knowledge claims about other minds are best understood as hypotheses in a wider psycho-physical theory. I show that the major fault in Putnam's version of empirical realism is that he overlooks the subjective character of (iii) our mental states. (v) Finally I consider the claim, due to Nagel, that a conception of mental states is possible which incorporates both subjective and objective aspects of the phenonemon. I speculate that with a great deal of development this approach might hold the answer to our questions.
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- Date Issued: 1989
Breaking Down Isolation and Frustration
- Authors: Cape Educational Computer Society (CECS)
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Cape Educational Computer Society (CECS)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/250629 , vital:52032
- Description: One of the most significant features of this year has been the employment of the four new people by CECS. Having so many new people in influential positions can be potentially dangerous for an organisation such as CECS which is rim along democratic lines. It thus becomes incumbent on the members of CECS to be vigilant against too much of the responsibility for the running of the organisation resting on the shoulders of the employed staff. Members should actively participate in decision-making so that it is they who determine the course of CECS. Each and every member should view themselves as an indespensible part of CECS, and that they share in the responsibility for the successes and failures of the organisation.
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- Date Issued: 1989
Cross-cultural communication in a north-eastern Cape farming community:
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175313 , vital:42564 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1989.10586786
- Description: Cross-cultural communication is dealt with and more specifically, the communicative competence of 15 white English-speaking farmers when they speak Xhosa to their labourers is assessed. This research was conducted in the Elliot, Ugie, and Maclear areas of the north-eastern Cape. A broad sociolinguistic framework drawing on both ethnographic and ethnomethodological principles was used; complications caused by cross-cultural differences which are reflected in language, and which may lead to possible communication breakdown, were isolated. The actual analysis of speech in terms of ethnomethodological principles, such as turn-taking and the co-operative principle, was undertaken.
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- Date Issued: 1989
Die begrip verganklikheid as komplekse kode in enkele werke van Hennie Aucamp
- Authors: Garbers, Marius Wolhuter
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Aucamp, Hennie -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3567 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002090
- Description: Mortality has always been a popular theme in literature. By means of a semiological and narratological approach, it has been endeavoured in this study to prove that transience comprises a complex code constituted by a whole series of codes. In each of the chosen volumes one specific short story is analysed and all the codes related to transience are defined and described. Then these codes are discussed within the context of the volume as a whole. The following codes have been identified and analysed: death and death related codes, decay, distress, frustration, emptiness, loneliness observe, look and see, reproduction, the code of ageing, youth/ageing, lost love, time. The following texts of Aucamp have been used as the object of study: Die Hartseerwals, Spitsuur and 'n Bruidsbed vir Tant Nonnie. The reason these texts were selected, is twofold: They represent the early works of the author. The continuity is essential for making meaningful deductions. The final conclusions are: Man's bond with an environment which is characterised by continual change, influences his existence and makes his life a tentative experience. Transience involves more than merely ageing, obsolescence and death. Transience is a complex experience, related to the physical and mental in man. Besides ageing, sexuality contributes to man's downfall. Loneliness, isolation and frustration determine his actions and stress his experience of transience. The result is a painful experience of life.
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- Date Issued: 1989
Educare work in Ciskei with special reference to the Keiskammahoek district
- Authors: Oosthuysen, Lucia
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Educare , Education, Preschool -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Education, Primary -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Readiness for school -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1356 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001422
- Description: High drop-out rates in the sub-standards in developing countries prompted the researcher to investigate preschool education in first and third world countries, and attend to the related problem of school readiness. The rapidly expanding Educare preschool project in the rural area ot Keiskammahoek in Ciskei was investigated as an example ot community-based low-cost preschool education. A final sample of 41 children who had attended Educare Centres were matched to a control group on age, sex, primary school (where possible), and breadwinner's occupation. The Abbreviated Aptitude Test for School Beginners (standardised on Xhosa-speaking school beginners) was used to test tor significant differences between the two groups six to seven weeks atter school entry. A t-test was used on raw scores and chi-squared tests on staves. No signiticant difference was found between the means of the experimental and control groups. On a subjective rating scale for general-linguistic development and socio-emotional adjustment, no significant difference between means of the experimental and control groups was found. The experimental group's tailure to perform better than the control group, could be ascribed to various reasons, amongst others, the possible shortcoming that the pairs were not matched on intelligence, severe lack ot equipment in Educare Centres, large numbers of children in the majority of groups, uniform programmes for a wide age range, irregular attendance ot children, the low level of training of supervisors and poor home conditions. Scholastic abilities of school beginners in the Keiskammahoek District, as tested, were poor. Results deviated grossly from standardised norms. The expected percentage for the combined categories Very Weak and Weak is, tor instance, 31%; in this investigation, however, 73% of the testees fell in these two classes. Chronologically older children generally performed better. A highly significant difference existed between testees under six years and those over six years. This investigation indicated the need for better organised preschool education in rural areas in Ciskei. proposals with substantial financial implications are: Better training of para-professional staff by qualified staff. Training of qualified staff to provide expertise in preschool education in Ciskei. Provision of sufficient educational materials by Government subsidies and private sponsors. Institution of bridge classes by the Ciskei Department of Education to promote school readiness. Suggestions without financial implications include: An investigation of regulations regarding entrance age for basic education. Only in exceptional cases should children under six be admitted. Daily programmes in Educare Centres geared towards learning readiness without becoming academic. An age limit of three years for admittance to Educare Centres. Very young children should be catered for separately. Liaison between Sub A teachers and Educare staff. , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
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- Date Issued: 1989
Eskom 1989 Negotiations report back
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134893 , vital:37215
- Description: Eskom has paid wage increases to salaried staff backdated to 1 April 1989. The NUM has NOT agreed with these increases because they are too low. We are not allowed to go on strike at Eskom - we have to get an arbitrator to decide if the increases must be bigger.
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- Date Issued: 1989
Eskom wage negotiations for general workers 1989
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134916 , vital:37217
- Description: Eskom started the 1989 wage negotiations with an offer of 7% on average. They said this offer is ail they need to make to keep their relative position in the labour market. we believe that the Eskom offer is contrary to the substance and spirit of Arbitration Award which forced Eskom, in 1988, to grant a 14,8% average increase in place of the 10% average increase Eskom implemented unilaterally m July last year. Dr Dry, the Eskom personnel manager, read out from an NUM pamphlet issued after the arbitrators raised the wages. He read out this one sentence. Today, through unity, the minimum wage rates as Eskom are amongst the highest in the country for workers living in compounds.
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- Date Issued: 1989
Health and politics : appraisal and evaluation of the provision of health and mental health services for Blacks in South Africa
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Sean B
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Black people -- Mental health -- South Africa , Mental health services -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2909 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002074
- Description: The aim of this study has been to examine, in the light of recent events in the field of Health Care in South Africa, the remarks and claims made by the World Health Organization, and the American Psychiatric Association between 1976 and 1978 on Health Care services, as provided for Blacks, by the South African government. In two reports, these organizations instituted the earliest, and arguably most significant claims against South Africa's system of Health Care. This study sketches firstly the political genesis and social context of the WHO, and APA examinations. Secondly, this study evaluates responses made by the South African State to the critical climate inspired by the above mentioned reports, through a close analysis of recent events associated with the politics, and provision of Health Care Facilities - particularly with regard to Black South Africans. This analysis suggests that the governments' earlier tentative policy of privatisation (which was soundly condemned by WHO and the APA) has been even more enthusiastically pursued - in contradiction to it's avowed policies of Commu ity Health Care, and to the continuing detriment of those South African communities who are in most need of adequate Health Care services. The study concludes that the criticisms raised by the WHO and APA had the effect of inspiring positive reforms in South Africa's health services, but in no way thwarted the governments', at first only tentative plans, to increasingly privatise it's psychiatric and other medical institutions.
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- Date Issued: 1989
In vitro diffusion cell design and validation. I. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for betamethasone 17-valerate in purified isopropyl myristate receptor phase
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6431 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006595
- Description: Introduction: The development of a reliable in vitro permeation system necessitates the use of a precise and accurate method of quantifying the amount of permeant partitioning from the membrane into the cell receptor phase. Aqueous donor and receptor chamber fluids have been used in the majority of reported investigations, which makes quantitative permeant analysis relatively facile. Alternatively, radiolabelled diffusants have been used and flux rates monitored by scintillation counting, obviating the need for chromatographic separation of the receptor-phase components. However, this technique is not applicable when nonlabelled compounds or commercial dosage forms are to be evaluated by a cell system. Furthermore, several studies indicate that aqueous receptor phases may not present an optimal partitioning environment for certain lipophilic permeants (1-4), thereby impairing accurate flux monitoring due to limited diffusant solubility. Several attempts have therefore been made to improve the partitioning environment within these systems, by the addition of surfactants for example (4). A lipophilic receptor environment appears beneficial for corticosteroid partitioning, and thus, the use of isopropyl myristate has been investigated because of its bipolar properties that tend to mimic the biochemical composition of the skin (5,6). Betamethasone 17-valerate and its 21-valerate degradation product are highly soluble in isopropyl myristate and this nonaqueous solvent will not augment C-17-to-C-21 ester degradation reactions.
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- Date Issued: 1989
Medical schemes for workers
- Authors: Trade Union Research Project (TURP)
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: TURP
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/169044 , vital:41678
- Description: Medical insurance schemes have become one of 111 the many fringe benefits being negotiated by unions. Medical insurance schemes are tied to the struggle for an adequate health service. Workers’ decision on whether or not to join medical insurance schemes has an important bearing on the operation of health services in a future democratic society. This booklet examines medical aid schemes, their advantages and disadvantages, how they operate and what possible alternatives to medical aid schemes exist. The booklet also looks at the state’s health strategy and how medical aid schemes fit into this. Chapter One of this booklet discusses the broad issues relating to medical insurance. Medical Aid Schemes and Medical Benefit Schemes are discussed in chapters two and three. Chapters four and five are for extra information. Some specific medical aid schemes are evaluated in chapter four. Chapter five looks at the tariff structure (cost) of medical services provided at Natal Provincial Hospitals. Medical Insurance means all the different types of schemes that operate to insure people against medical costs. A medical insurance could take the form of a medical aid scheme, a medical benefit scheme or other types of schemes. This-booklet concentrates on medical aid and medical benefit schemes.
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- Date Issued: 1989
Namibia freedom rally
- Authors: Namibia Solidarity Committee
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Namibia Solidarity Committee
- Language: English,Xhosa,Afrikaans
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/154220 , vital:39622
- Description: Die mense van Namibia het uiteindelik hul vryheid gekry! Hulle het getriomf teenoor die koloniale regering in Pretoria en die brutale apartheid magte. Die mense van Namibia sal binnekort hulle self kan begin regeer. Hulle sal ’n nuwe nasie bou - vry van onderdmkking en uitbuiting.
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- Date Issued: 1989
Nesting of sympatric redwinged and pale winged starlings
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K , Hulley, Patrick E , Walter, Grenville H
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447827 , vital:74677 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1989.9634513
- Description: Observations were made over four breeding seasons at Cradock, South Africa, where Redwinged Starlings Onychognathus morio and Palewinged Starlings O. nabouroup nest on the same cliffs. Nests were not accessible, and the stage of breeding was determined by the behaviour of the birds. Both species reuse the same nest sites, and only the females incubate, but both sexes feed the young. The timing of breedingMaybe more variable in the Palewinged Starling. A review of the available data on nest site selection and nest construction shows apparent species-specific differences: Redwinged Starlings usually nest on ledges, often on buildings, and use mud in the nest base; Palewinged Starlings favour vertical crevices, and do not use mud.
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- Date Issued: 1989
NUM Biennial report
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149589 , vital:38866
- Description: Since the Fifth National Congress in 1987 where our union adopted the Freedom Charter and charted a clear political direction for the NUM, many gallant battles have been waged by the mineworkers on many fronts. 1987 was the year in which our union launched its campaign to effect control of miners working lives. It was a year when mineworkers took control indeed in keeping with the Fifth Congress Slogan -"1987 THE YEAR MINEWORKERS TAKE CONTROL", as many comrades began to take over the hostels, particularly in the Witbank Region which resulted in families moving into the hostels for a period of time. Although the process remained uneven, the initiative was an important indicator of the willingness of the workers to take action and implement resolutions adopted by our union. In spite of the existence of the State of Emergency, the dedication, commitment, spirit and enthusiasm of mineworkers remained high. 1987 was also the year in which the NUM made its mark on the mining industry with the historic Great Miners Strike. This action, involving over 340 000 workers was the biggest of its kind in South African Labour History, and also the biggest action by workers of its kind on the African continent. We challenged some of the fundamental policies of the mining industry, in particular, the concept of poverty wages which has become one of the major battle grounds for our union. Despite mass dismissals of 50 000 workers, our union has remained and continues to mobilise and organise mineworkers against the oppressive and exploitative conditions. 1987 will certainly go down in history as the year of mass action by mineworkers throughout South Africa. It is well known that the strike did affect our organisation in many areas. Actions by management to roll back the gains of our union continued unabated after the strike right through until now.
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- Date Issued: 1989