WISC-R coding incidental recall, digit span and supraspan test performance in children aged 6 and 7
- Authors: Avis, Cheryl Esme
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3155 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007506 , Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to develop age-related normative data for the WISC-R Digits Forward, Digits Backward, Digits Difference, Digit Supraspan, and Coding Incidental Recall (Immediate and 30' Delayed) tests for a non-clinical population of South African school children aged 6 and 7. The effects of sex, English versus Xhosa language, and white versus black race groups, were additional investigations. Subjects were randomly selected from three English speaking Grahamstown schools; level of education ranged from pre-school to Sub Standard B; English speaking subjects included predominantly white children, with a small proportion of coloured, Chinese and Indian children; Xhosa speaking children were all black. Interim normative data on all tests across two age groups (6 and 7) are presented, and are considered reliable and diagnostically useful in clinical neuropsychological assessment. There were no significant effects for age, sex, English versus Xhosa language or white versus black race groups, on any of the tests with the exception of Digits Backward which yielded marginally lower scores for black Subjects. Although the mean IQ estimate based on the Draw-A-Person test was equivalent across age, sex, English versus Xhosa language and white versus black race groups, an intelligence rating of subjects by teachers revealed that black subjects were evaluated significantly lower than white subjects. This suggests the presence of prejudicial racial attitudes amongst educators in these predominantly English speaking white schools.
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- Date Issued: 1995
William Plomer's and Sol Plaatje's South Africa: art as vision and reality
- Authors: Ogu, Memoye Abijah
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Plaatje, Sol. T. (Solomon Tshekisho), 1876-1932. Mhudi , Plomer, William, 1903-1973. Turbott Wolfe , Race in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2239 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002282 , Plaatje, Sol. T. (Solomon Tshekisho), 1876-1932. Mhudi , Plomer, William, 1903-1973. Turbott Wolfe , Race in literature
- Description: This thesis essays a comparative study of William Plomer's Turbott Wolfe (1925) and Sol Plaatje's Mhudi (1930). Although writing from very different subject positions within the social order of the time, Plomer and Plaatje embody in their novels a strikingly similar vision of a South Africa free of racial barriers. Plaatje's version of South African history in Mhudi deconstructs colonial binarism by dramatizing not only conflict and difference but also co-operation and commonality. Holding the past up as a mirror to the present, it protests against racial injustice while implying the continuing possibility of reconciliation. Plomer reacts angrily to white hypocrisy and insists on the rights and humanity of his African characters, in the name of imperatives both moral and political. He seeks additional sanction for these by situating the South African race questioning the context of a Western world slowly awakening to the consequences of modernity. During a time of political turbulence, both writers speak out boldly and confidently against the rising dominance of segregationist ideology. The imminent inception of full democracy in South Africa has reanimated the relevance of these writers' vision of a non- racial social order. If one of the challenges facing the South African literary historian 'today is the reconstruction of a truly national literary tradition, then Mhudi and Turbott Wolfe would appear to be key works in such an enterprise. As different as Plaatje's epic myth-making is from Plomer's modernist irony, both novels contrive to speak with a new voice: a national voice which expresses the aspirations of all South Africa's people. They are, moreover, novels whose survival seems guaranteed as much by their aesthetic qualities as by their ideological orientation. The novels are examined against the backgrounds of South African society and colonial literary production. They are seen as milestones in the development of a liberal South African literary tradition. By breaking with the dominant oppositional mode, whether that of "white writing" or an emergent "writing black", Plomer and Plaatje exemplify a literature at once socially relevant and possessed of a prophetic vision that remains of significance in South Africa today.
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- Date Issued: 1995
Using the topic "Water management in Umtata" to promote the use of an environmental approach in the teaching of geography
- Authors: Nduna, Joyce Nothemba
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching -- Environmental aspects Water -- Management -- Study and teaching -- Environmental aspects Environmental education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1819 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003705
- Description: This study first offers a critique of some conventional approaches to environmental education and geography. The critique is followed by an analysis of current learning theories which underpin environmental and geographical thinking. On the basis of this analysis an environmental approach to the teaching of geography is identified. Within the broad theoretical context provided by debates on the importance of environmental education for the solution of environmental problems, the study promotes student teachers' understanding of an environmental approach in the teaching of geography at Transkei College of Education. Water management, a section of the geography syllabus, is selected to illustrate the process and implementation of such an approach in geography. The educational effectiveness of an environmental approach with regard to the students' conceptual understanding of water management is evaluated. The study as a whole is set within the general literature of environmental education, and particularly that of education for the environment.
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- Date Issued: 1995
Two articles focusing on participatory approaches
- Authors: Biggs, Stephen D
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Agricultural innovations , Rural development -- Evaluation , Agricultural extension work -- Research , Agriculture -- Technology transfer -- Evaluation , Agricultural extension work -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75076 , vital:30371 , 10250468
- Description: In recent years there has been a growing literature that advocates various forms of participatory development. This is illustrated by the promotion of approaches/tools such as participatory rural appraisal (PRA), participatory technology development (PTD), and participatory process projects 1 These "new" approaches are fast taking on the form of a new generalised orthodoxy for solving development problems. It would seem from the perspective of some of the promoters of this orthodoxy that the problem of development is no longer one of not having the right approaches and methods, but one of getting recalcitrant policy makers, bureaucrats, academics to appreciate and adopt these new methods and techniques. My concerns with this new advocacy are that: i It does not relate to experience; ii It does not address issues of power structure and control over information and other resources in multiple and complex arenas of science and technology (S&T); iii By placing major emphasis on management approaches and tools, the new orthodoxy is cutting itself off from a critical reflective understanding of the deeper determinants of technical and social change. Unfortunately, I suspect that if this new orthodoxy does not develop a more critical reflective view of itself then, like previous dominant orthodoxies, it will soon have to develop a range of "escape hatches" to explain why these participatory approaches are not giving the results that their advocates promise. , AVOCADO series; v 06/95
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- Date Issued: 1995
Trade Union Education training and development institute
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118706 , vital:34660
- Description: There is acceptance within Cosatu that a Trade Union Education Institute should be urgently set up to assist in the building of Cosatu and affiliate capacity and skills in our new situation. It is recognised that there is a need for a more systematic.ongoing,professional education and development service winch such an Institute could provide. However, the form,status, control programme of this Institute is not yet agreed upon. Cosatu is in danger of losing control of this project,as other bodies set up and acquire funds to train trade unionists.
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- Date Issued: 1995
Tong Magni
- Authors: Mamou Sidibe (composer, author, lead singer) , MALI K7 S.A. Ali Furka Toure Associe, Bamako
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa, West , Blues (Music) , Africa Mali Bamako f-ml
- Language: Khassonke
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129973 , vital:36352 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC35-08
- Description: Khassonke blues from the Khassonke region of western Mali, performed with guitar, calabash, percussion and voice
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- Date Issued: 1995
Title Unknown
- Authors: Mamou Sidibe (composer, author, lead singer) , MALI K7 S.A. Ali Furka Toure Associe, Bamako
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa, West , Blues (Music) , Africa Mali Bamako f-ml
- Language: Khassonke
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129978 , vital:36353 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC35-09
- Description: Khassonke blues from the Khassonke region of western Mali, performed with guitar, calabash, percussion and voice
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995
The vocal works of Olivier Messiaen
- Authors: Donkin, Deborah Jean
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Messiaen, Olivier, 1908-1992 Vocal music -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2634 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002299
- Description: Olivier Messiaen's compositions for voice, though less widely known than his instrumental works, span some forty years and comprise a fifth of his total output. They have hitherto not been subject to much attention. A study of the elements comprising the vocal lines and accompanying instrumentation from the piano-voice song set, Trois melodies (1930), to the vast orchestral-choral La Transfiguration de Notre Seigneur Jesus-Chlist (1969) reveals, amongst other characteristic and evolving features, the emergence of a unique, simulated, plainchant style and its subsequent transformation into incantation with suitably modified accompaniment. While wide-ranging, chromatic and rhythmically free vocal lines are typical of many twentieth century compositions, Messiaen's use of such features is found to be novel, by virtue of the peculiar modal and temporal ambits within which he operated. Vocal delivery is progressively expanded from conventional bel canto production to humming, howling,and eventually speech and percussive sounds and reaches an apotheosis in the virtuoso effects of Cinq Rechants (1949). This recedes somewhat in La Transfiguration, which displays instead a wealth of hybrid plainsong-type writing. Choral works are interesting in that the emphasis shifts from standard part-writing to monody or accompanied unison singing, with an attendant absence of characterised solo parts. By constantly varying the colour of the single melodic line with different permutations of voice types, timbre assumes a new importance, particularly in La Transfiguration. The study of the texts, most of which were conceived by the composer simultaneously with the music, contributes much to the understanding of each work. Biblical symbolism in the early lyrics is progressively enriched by references to numerological, mythological and nature symbolism, mixed in an increasingly Surrealistic manner. The gradual incorporation of emotive phonemes in the texts, culminates in the invented language of Cinq Rechants. The thesis thus reveals an evolving yet persistently idiosyncratic vocal style, which establishes Messiaen as one of the most original composers of his time. It further demonstrates that his vocal works are an important component of his total oeuvre and also a significant contribution to twentieth century vocal literature.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The small business entrepreneur : a psychological profile
- Authors: Street, David Michael
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Businessmen -- Psychology , Businesswomen -- Psychology , Self-employed -- Psychology , Entrepreneurship -- Psychological aspects , Small business -- Psychological aspects , Businessmen , Businesswomen , Businesspeople
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:3065 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002574 , Businessmen -- Psychology , Businesswomen -- Psychology , Self-employed -- Psychology , Entrepreneurship -- Psychological aspects , Small business -- Psychological aspects , Businessmen , Businesswomen , Businesspeople
- Description: With the growing importance being placed on the small business environment as having a positive influence on economic growth and vitality (Erwee, 1987: Burns & Dewhurst, 1989), there has been a corresponding increase in attention being paid to entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneur. This increased attention is due to the fact that entrepreneurs have long been linked to small business creation and recognised as an important factor in the small business development process (Boyd & Gumpert, 1983). Despite the quantity of research on entrepreneurship, there appears to be an ongoing controversy oyer what characterises an entrepreneurial business. and the specific characteristics of the small business entrepreneur. It has been argued that although there is an overlap between entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial businesses. they are in fact different entities (Carland, Hoy, Boulton & Carland, 1984: Drucker, 1985), and that not every individual who starts a business is an entrepreneur (Drucker. 1985). Small business entrepreneurship has been found to be specifically related to the psychological characteristics of the owner-manager who controls the business (Miller. 1983). The purpose of this research was to identify and describe psychological characteristics displayed by a group of South African small business entrepreneurs, thereby compiling a psychological profile of the small business entrepreneur. Given the nature of entrepreneurial activities and processes, Hofer and Bygrave (1992) recommend that accurate, precise qualitative data that is rich in its descriptive characterisation of the situation and the phenomenon involved be collected. As a result the researcher used qualitative rather than quantitative methods of investigation. Innovative behaviour has long been linked to entrepreneurship (Schumpeter. 1934) and entrepreneurial businesses were distinguished from other small businesses by their use of innovative strategic practices. Two sample groups consisting of entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial businesses, were created and the data collected were analysed independently. The results, based on personal interviews with 32 small business owner-managers and the administration and interpretation of tihe Structured Objective Rorschach Test (SORT), indicate that small business entrepreneurship should not be used as a term synonymous with small business ownership and/or management. Despite similarities between small business entrepreneurs and other small business owner-managers. the results suggest that a distinction between the two groups is necessary for accurate future research on entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs differed from other small business owner-managers in terms of their psychological characteristics including their motives, their perception and attitude towards the external environment, and various sociological factors. The entrepreneurial businesses were also different in that they were more innovative and growth oriented than the non-entrepreneurial businesses. The research contributes towards a clarification of the concept of small business entrepreneurship and indicates a need for more precise sampling techniques to be used in entrepreneurial research.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The road ahead
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113080 , vital:33699
- Description: Comrades, in 1993 we set out what we wanted to win by June 1996. Then we achieved the victory that we had fought so hard for - a non-racial government that is democratic and transparent. But on the shopfloor we still see apartheid: racial inequalities - high wage differences between workers and management, poorly trained workers (mostly black and our members) racist management who oppress our members, badly managed factories with S old machinery. All these are obstacles that prevent us building worker power, worker control and a better life for all. Read what we have won. Discuss what we should campaign around in 1995.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The recycling of domestic waste in the Cape Peninsula: implications for environmental education
- Authors: Gobregts, Engela
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Recycling (Waste, etc.) -- South Africa Refuse and refuse disposal -- South Africa Environmental education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1723 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003606
- Description: This case study investigates domestic waste recycling schemes in the Cape Peninsula with special reference to educational aspects as a basis for developing educational resource materials. It explores the question: "In what way can projects for the recycling of domestic waste serve as a vehicle for environmental education?". The study employs the concept of education for the environment, following a socially critical approach with action-oriented and participatory dimensions. The research sample constituted interviewees and/or workshop participants from fourteen different municipalities, six recycling industries, one private waste contractor and the three most prominent voluntary organisations involved in recycling in the Cape Peninsula. A small-scale -interview survey was done to review existing recycling initiatives, combined with a case study of several small participatory initiatives towards educational resource development. The results were analysed qualitatively. The case study indicates that recycling initiatives have excellent potential for education for the environment. This potential was partially explored in this research by addressing key issues such as the role of local authorities in recycling of domestic waste, the short-term perspectives on the part of the local authorities, as well as the importance of and constraints on participation in recycling projects and in the research. Other issues discussed include the educational implications of personal (economic) benefits of recycling, the social development dimension of some recycling projects, the value of school children organising recycling projects, limited teacher participation in existing recycling projects, and the need for environmental education resource material. The major value of the project lies however in critical reflection on the research process. Recommendations regarding participatory resource development as an approach to socially critical environmental education are put forward to inform similar studies in the future and to elucidate the approach. Recommendations regarding the recycling of domestic waste in the Cape Peninsula are also made.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The reaction of cyanide with iron (II) hexadecachlorophthalocyanine
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293447 , vital:57086 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(94)00291-L"
- Description: Kinetics and equilibria for the reaction between cyanide and iron(II) hexadecachlorophthalocyanine ((Cl)16PcFe(DMSO)2, where Pc(−2) = phthalocyanine dianion) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) are reported. Only the spectrophotometric changes due to the formation of the dicyano, [(Cl)16PcFe(CN)2]2−, complex were observed. This complex is formed with the equilibrium constant, K3 = 1.6 × 103 dm3 mol−1 and a rate constant of k3f = 4.2 × 10−3 dm3 mol−1 s−1. The K2[(Cl)16PcFe(CN)2] complex dissolves in DMSO and dimethyl formamide (DMF) with ϵ = 110 000 and 92 000 dm3 mol−1 cm−1, respectively.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The pre-service preparation of secondary school mathematics teachers: a case study of curriculum effectiveness
- Authors: Msomi, Dumile Dennis
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Curricula Mathematics teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Esikhawini College of Education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1711 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003594
- Description: The quality of education in most historically black schools is a source of concern for many people. The high failure rate in mathematics in particular, is believed to result in part, from the inadequacy of the teacher preparation programs at many of the colleges of education in the country. Esikhawini College of Education in KwaZulu-Natal is one of the colleges which is involved in the preparation of secondary school mathematics teachers. The appropriateness of the mathematics curriculum of this College was the subject of the study. In particular, the study aimed at the following: (i) To analyse aims and philosophies underlying the prescribed mathematics curriculum of the College. (ii) To establish the teacher educators' and student teachers' perceptions of the appropriateness of the curriculum in general. (iii) To establish the teacher educators' and student teachers' perceptions of the mathematics curriculum content and processes. (iv) To establish the quality of available materials used at the College for realisation of the curriculum goals. (v) To offer proposals and recommendations for the improvement of the education of prospective secondary mathematics teachers. Data about the perceptions of the appropriateness of the mathematics curriculum was gathered through a questionnaire which was administered to one hundred and one student teachers. The issues that arose from the questionnaire study were followed up by an interview study. The interview schedule was administered to a sample of fourteen student teachers and all six mathematics teacher educators in the College. In addition, a survey of mathematics materials available at the College library and in the mathematics department was carried out to collect further data. Some of the significant findings of the, study were : • Limitations in the College mathematics curriculum in as far as the curriculum content and processes were concerned. • Inadequacy of mathematics curriculum materials that were available and used at the College. • Low attainment in mathematics at matriculation level of most of the student teachers. • Widespread dissatisfaction with the curriculum, especially that of Mathematics Didactics. The implications of the findings for the College were considered. Amongst other suggestions is the suggestion that the College introduces a preliminary STD course in which prospective student teachers' mathematics background is enriched to enable them to cope with the demands of the College curriculum.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The politics and poetics of choreography the dancing body in South African dance
- Authors: Finestone, Juanita
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Dance -- South Africa , Gordon, Gary -- Unspeakable Story , Orlin, Robyn -- In A Corner The Sky Surrenders
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2138 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002370 , Dance -- South Africa , Gordon, Gary -- Unspeakable Story , Orlin, Robyn -- In A Corner The Sky Surrenders
- Description: This mini-thesis is situated in the discourse on patriarchy, nationhood and its artistic forms. It is argued that an uncritical pursuit of commonality as a political aesthetic strategy for dance in South Africa repeats the metaphysical foundationalism of this discourse. It is further suggested that a postmodern ethos subverts this heritage, while at the same time offering a viable alternative for accommodating and representing the cultural diversity and plurality characteristic of current theatre dance in South Africa. Chapter One examines the way dance has historically structured its patriarchal form the postmodern discourses Chapter Two as a site and practice through explores the potential of deconstruction and destabilisation of this dance heritage. This chapter also assesses the relevance of a postmodern alternative in a South African dance context. Chapter Three analyses the postmodern choreographic strategies of two South African choreographers, Gary Gordon and Robyn Orlin, in order to reveal how their dance vision to patriarchal aesthetic form and offers an uncritical alternative notions of commonality. In conclusion, it is argued postmodern ethos embodied in the work that the of these choreographers provides viable directions for formulating and articulating new dance directions for theatre dance in South Africa while, at the same time, bearing witness to the diversity that will always structure expressions of commonality in South African dance.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The new labour relations act - A summary of important features
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174426 , vital:42476
- Description: This summary is intended primarily for unionists who want to get an overview of key substantive features of the new Labour Relations Act (LRA) that will most probably take effect in April or May next year.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The morphology and sedimentology of two unconsolidated quaternary debris slope deposits in the Alexandria district, Cape Province
- Authors: Illgner, Peter Mark
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Slopes (Physical geography) -- South Africa , Weathering -- South Africa , Geomorphology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4843 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005519
- Description: Research on hillslope surface processes and hillslope stratigraphy has been neglected in southern Africa. The amount of published literature on hillslope stratigraphy in southern Africa is very limited. Hillslope sediments provide a record of past environmental conditions and may be especially useful in calculating the recurrence interval of extreme environmental conditions such as earthquakes and intense rainfall events. The characteristics of hillslope sediments provide information as to their origin, transport and mechanisms of deposition. No published work could be found that had been undertaken on hillslope surface processes or stratigraphy in the eastern Cape coastal region. This study attempted to fill this gap in the geomorphic literature for southern Africa. The surface processes acting on hillslopes at Burchleigh and Spring Grove in the Alexandria district of the eastern Cape were examined in terms of slope morphology, surface sediment characteristics and the internal geometry of the hillslope sedimentary deposits. The late Quaternary hillslope sedimentary deposits at the two study sites are composed of fine grained colluvial sediments intercalated with highly lenticular diamicts. The fine grained colluvial sediments were emplaced by overland flow processes while the diamicts were deposited by debris flows. The sedimentary sequences at both study sites have a basal conglomerate interpreted as a channel lag deposit. Most slope failures preceding debris flow events were probably triggered by intense or extended periods of rainfall associated with cold fronts or cut-of flows. Seismic events may also have triggered slope failure, with or without the hillslope sediments being saturated. The results of this study indicate that a continuum exists between the slopewash dominated processes of the presently summer rainfall regions of Natal to the present winter rainfall regions of the western Cape where mass movement processes are significant. Hillslope deposits, therefore, provide a record of environmental conditions which may greatly facilitate proper management of the landscape.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The mineralogy and geochemistry of the Voëlwater banded iron-formation, Northern Cape Province
- Authors: Tsikos, Harilaos
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Mineralogy -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geochemistry -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4977 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005589 , Mineralogy -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geochemistry -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Description: Banded iron-formations (BIFs) are chemically precipitated sedimentary rocks in which Fe-rich bands or laminae alternate with Fe-poor ones. They formed within a specific time-span of the geological record. Their occurrence is restricted between 2.3 and 1.9 Ga, and characterises virtually all the major Precambrian-aged sedimentary basins of the world. The Precambrian Transvaal Basin in Griqualand West, South Africa, is noted for its well-developed BIF units. The Kuruman and Griquatown BIFs comprising the Asbesheuwels Subgroup (up to 1000m thick) are the best known and thickest of these. As far as metallogenesis is concerned, the Kuruman BIF is of major importance, for it carries the world's largest crocidolite (blue asbestos) deposits. The uppermost, youngest member of iron-formation deposition in the Griqualand West Sequence is represented by the Voëlwater BIF. The direct association between the latter and the giant Mn-deposits of the Kalahari Field, renders the Voëlwater association unusual, if not unique, in the geological record. The Voëlwater BIF represents a typical example of the so-called "Superior-type", and in the area of study it has undergone late-diagennetic to low-grade metamorphic processes. This is evident from the mineralogical composition and textural signature of the various BIF lithologies. Specifically, the minerals that make up the Voëlwater BIF are mainly chert(quartz), Fe-oxides (magnetite and hematite), Fe-silicates (greenalite, stilpnomelane, minnesotaite, riebeckite, Fe-mica), Fe-carbonates (members of the dolomite-ankerite series and siderite), calcite and pyrite. Soft-sediment deformation structures and shear-stress indicators are abundant in carbonate-rich and granular, silicate-rich BIF lithologies respectively. The bulk chemical composition of the study rocks is relatively simple and is characterised by the abundance of essentially three elements, namely Si, Fe, and Ca, which make up more than 90% of the total chemical composition of the Voëlwater BIFs. The detrital component of the study rocks is negligible. Mn-enrichments characterise all the transitional lithologies towards the interbedded Mn-orebodies, as well as the well-developed, hematitic BIF-unit between the Ongeluk lavas and the lower Mn-horizon. In terms of trace element composition, no significant enrichments or depletions, were encountered, except for some unusually high values of Sr and Ba and Co in carbonate-rich and Mn-rich lithologies respectively. Geochemical comparisons on the basis of major, trace and light rare-earth element composition verified the similarity between the Voëlwater BIF and other major Superior-type BIFs of the world (e.g. Kuruman, Griquatown, Sokoman, Biwabik, Gunflint, Mara-Mamba, Brockman, etc.). The processes that led to the formation of the Voëlwater BIFs may have been very similar to the ones described in various genetic models proposed in recent years. They would have involved a combination of: i. hydrothermal processes related to mid-ocean ridge (MOR) or hot-spot activity that acted as major iron suppliers; ii. storm-mixing in stratified oceans (bottom, anoxic, Fe⁺² reservoir-thermo- pycnocline zone-upper, mixed, SiO₂-saturated layer), largely dictated by seasonal changes and contemporaneous volcanism; iii. periodic, convection-driven upwelling mechanisms acting as major Fe-precipitators; and, iv. organic carbon productivity that was responsible for the anoxic diagenesis of the initial sediment. However, the origin of Fe and Mn for the genesis of the Voëlwater sediments was difficult to explain with typical convection-cell models in active mid-ocean ridges, in contrast to previous hypotheses. Instead, large-scale endogenous processes in the form of magma convection, underplating, differentiation and associated degassing, may have played a critical role in the supply of metals for the formation of large amounts of BIFs in the Precambrian. The present study of the Voëlwater BIF also bears strong implications regarding the metallogenesis of Mn in the Precambrian. The common association of Mn with carbonate-bearing sediments, the transitional character of the Voëlwater BIF towards carbonate lithologies (Mooidraai dolomites) and the critical timing of the deposition of the former in terms of the Precambrian atmospheric-lithospheric- hydrospheric evolution, may be important indicators for the exploration of large Mn-deposits in Precambrian sedimentary basins of the world.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The metallogeny of the Upington and Kenhardt area, northern Cape
- Authors: Boelema, Robert
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Metallogeny -- South Africa , Metallogeny -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Plate tectonics -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology, Structural -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4975 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005587 , Metallogeny -- South Africa , Metallogeny -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Plate tectonics -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology, Structural -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Description: In the Upington region, there are three major- tectonic crustal provinces; namely the Kaapvaal Craton, Kheis and Namaqua tectonic provinces. The Eburnian-aged (early Proterozoic) Kheis Province developed along the western flank of the Archaean Kaapvaal Craton while the Kibaran-aged (middle Proterozoic) Namaqua Metamorphic Province, superimposed on the Eburnian-aged basement, developed to the east of the Kheis Province. The Namaqua Metamorphic Province is divided into the Gordonia and Bushmanland Subprovinces, the former being further subdivided into various tectonostratigraphic terranes. These are termed, from west to east, the Kakamas, Areachap, and Upington Terranes. The Upington Terrane includes fault bounded grabens with accompanied bimodal volcanism and sedimentation of the Wilgenhoutsdrif and Koras Groups. The Areachap Terrane consists predominantly of amphibolites generated in an island arc environment while the Kakamas Terrane is characterised by volcano-sedimentary sequences which have been extensively intruded by syn to late-tectonic predominantly I-type Keimoes Suite granitoids. The main styles of mineralisation correlate well with the various tectonostratigraphic terranes. Sedimentary exhalative massive sulphide deposits are characteristic of the Bushmanland Subprovince and are thought to be associated with the deposits at Aggeneys and Putsberg to the west of the area under investigation. These deposits are considered to have been deposited in an east-west-elongated intracontinental basin. The Kakamas Terrane is typified by granite-related mineralisation. In the eastern portion of the Kakamas Terrane, Sn-Wand base metal-bearing veins occur while pegmatites are developed in the western portion. These two styles of granite-related mineralisation is considered to reflect differing depths of formation due mainly to varying degrees of thrusting. The Areachap Terrane consists of volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits of the Besshi-type and is considered to have formed in a back-arc environment. In the Upington Terrane, the Wilgenhoutsdrif and Koras Groups consists essentially of minor Cu occurrences mainly disseminated within basalts and in structural trap sites. The possibility for sediment-hosted Cu deposits is not ruled out. More recent surface processes have led to uranium and gypsum deposits in pans, river beds and calcretes. Eburnian aged tectonic setting remains enigmatic. Kibaran-aged tectonics which best fits the metallogeny of the area under investigation is considered to be of a subduction zone from west to east formed by the collision of the Bushmanland "microcontinent" against the Kaapvaal Craton. Subduction fbrmed an island arc setting in which the massive sulphide deposits were formed in the Areachap Terrane while the Wilgenhoutsdrif Groups developed in a marginal basin. Further convergence led to collision of the two continents and underriding of the Bushmanland "microcontinent" which generated predominantly I-type granitoids represented by the Keimoes Suite. The level of emplacement of these granitoids is a reflection of the degree of foreland thrusting and produced shallower level Sn-W and base metal vein-type mineralisation closer to the suture zone and deeper level pegmatites further from the suture zone to the west. The final period of deformation is represented by northward lateral movement which created "pull apart" fault-bounded basins into which the Koras Group was deposited.
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- Date Issued: 1995
The impact of the mentally retarded child on the family living in the rural areas of the Transkei
- Authors: Sipambo, Sindiswa
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Children with mental disabilities -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Family relationships , Children with mental disabilities -- Family relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3281 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006502 , Children with mental disabilities -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Family relationships , Children with mental disabilities -- Family relationships
- Description: This research was designed to do four things: first to discover what problems face caregivers who bring up handicapped children in their own homes; second, what community resources are available or which should be available to assist the mentally retarded and his family to cope with the problem; third, social policy measures available through the Transkei government, e.g. single care grant and disability grant and under what conditions are they available and whether other resources/services are available, and fourth, to find out from caregivers themselves how well the social services, although limited which are intended to help them and their children work in practice, more specifically in rural areas especially when community and public sector measures are highly circumscribed. The lack of resources for mentally retarded children and their families in Transkei and particularly the Sterkspruit district raised some questions in the researcher's mind on how to rear a mentally retarded child in this area. Data was gathered from a sample of all mentally retarded children who are single care grant recipients. The subjects were the mothers of these children or the present custodian about the time of the study. Information was also gathered from the social workers in the district mainly from their case files in the office. The sample was sufficient for the study to be meaningful and well represented and to eliminate guesses and assumptions about the lives of mentally handicapped children and their families. Findings reveal that caring for a mentally retarded child is a demanding task with varying levels of stress. Families of the retarded, in general, tend to have more problems in individual and marital adjustment, child-rearing practices, and sibling relationship. They are significantly affected - socially, economically and emotionally - by mental retardation. Support systems both formal and informal, were a great single source of help for these families for them to cope with these children. Recommendations for better quality of life for both the handicapped child and his family are given in the last chapter, and they are most suitable for undertaking by the Welfare and Education Departments. It is not the purpose of this study to give advice to parents on how to bring up their handicapped children. Often using the mothers' own words, the researcher only presents the picture given by the parents themselves of how they actually learn to live with a handicapped child
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- Date Issued: 1995
The human soul (jivatma) and its ultimate goal (moksa) in the context of Taittiriya Upanisad (3.10.5): a study in an aspect of Hindu eschatology
- Authors: Saradananda, Swami
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Upanishads -- History and criticism , Hindu eschatology , Soul -- Hinduism , Suicide -- Religious aspects -- Hinduism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:1304 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016396
- Description: This research was stimulated by pastoral concerns regarding the high rate of suicide in the South African Hindu community. On the one hand it was found that traumatized individuals contemplating suicide were woefully ill-equipped with helpful religious guidelines and on the other it is known that the primary and authoritative scriptures of Hinduism possess a wealth of information that can promote healing. This work uses the Taittiriya Upanishad (3.10.5) to address this challenge. The early Vedic writings are not systematized nor are they fully explicable except through commentaries. This research surveys the early Vedic and Upanisadic Writings in order to show the literary, social and philosophical conditions under which the texts were produced. The Taittiriya Upanisad is the culminating part of several strands of thought that emerged from the earlier Taittiriya School. In order to interpret the text of this Upanisad it was necessary to link its key concepts with other Upanisads of this period. Further interpretations emerged from later Upanisads. These texts were viewed in the light of several commentators - Shaukara (medieval period), and Vivekananda, Aurobindo and Radhakrishuan of the Neo-Vedanta movements. In the early Vedic period the soul is a metaphysical entity. Upon death it is judged and in accordance with its good or bad actions, heavenly rewards or the punishments of hell are meted out to it. Heaven and hell are final eschatological goals for the soul in the Vedic period. In the later Vedic or Upanisadic period it is found that heaven and hell are temporary eschatological goals. The ultimate goal becomes Liberation which implies the cessation of duality and the realization of non-duality. Correspondingly the Taittiriya Upauisad defines the soul in a manner in which its components have the potential to achieve this later goal. Here the soul is a formulation of five sheaths: body, vital energy, mind, intellect and bliss with an immortal consciousness as its focus. Functioning under the effects of ignorance each sheath binds the soul to suffering and rebiiths either on earth or on other planes (heaven or hell). However, each sheath also possesses an intrinsic capacity to liberate the soul from suffering. Tills work explores these negative and positive capabilities of the sheaths and points out the path by which the soul's divine potential may be realized. The ultimate healing or liberation occurs when the 'focus-consciousness' of the soul is intuitively realized. This consciousness is one with the universal consciousness. This achievement produces the 'liberated soul' who experiences ecstasy at this knowledge of oneness. This research also points out that the Neo-Vedanta movements, unlike their medieval counterparts, have a life-affirming and positive social attitude that seeks to draw from ancient texts for the purposes of healing and social upliftment.
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- Date Issued: 1995