Management education and training
- Authors: Amos, Trevor L , Quinn, Lynn
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/270902 , vital:54490 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10113487_559"
- Description: The paper outlines the role of language in leaming and cognitive development and argues that management education and training needs to be integrated with language development to enable students to cope with the demands made of them at university as well as with those of careers in the business world. An integrated language developmEint project developed by the Depanment of Management and academic language practitioners at Rhodes Uhlvetsity is descriptionbed and suggestions are outlined as to how university Management departments can integrate language development in their mainstream teaching.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Modelling parallel and distributed virtual reality systems for performance analysis and comparison
- Authors: Bangay, Shaun Douglas
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Virtual reality Computer simulation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4657 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006656
- Description: Most Virtual Reality systems employ some form of parallel processing, making use of multiple processors which are often distributed over large areas geographically, and which communicate via various forms of message passing. The approaches to parallel decomposition differ for each system, as do the performance implications of each approach. Previous comparisons have only identified and categorized the different approaches. None have examined the performance issues involved in the different parallel decompositions. Performance measurement for a Virtual Reality system differs from that of other parallel systems in that some measure of the delays involved with the interaction of the separate components is required, in addition to the measure of the throughput of the system. Existing performance analysis approaches are typically not well suited to providing both these measures. This thesis describes the development of a performance analysis technique that is able to provide measures of both interaction latency and cycle time for a model of a Virtual Reality system. This technique allows performance measures to be generated as symbolic expressions describing the relationships between the delays in the model. It automatically generates constraint regions, specifying the values of the system parameters for which performance characteristics change. The performance analysis technique shows strong agreement with values measured from implementation of three common decomposition strategies on two message passing architectures. The technique is successfully applied to a range of parallel decomposition strategies found in Parallel and Distributed Virtual Reality systems. For each system, the primary decomposition techniques are isolated and analysed to determine their performance characteristics. This analysis allows a comparison of the various decomposition techniques, and in many cases reveals trends in their behaviour that would have gone unnoticed with alternative analysis techniques. The work described in this thesis supports the Performance Analysis and Comparison of Parallel and Distributed Virtual Reality systems. In addition it acts as a reference, describing the performance characteristics of decomposition strategies used in Virtual Reality systems.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Eco-ethology of shell-dwelling cichlids in Lake Tanganyika
- Authors: Bills, Ian Roger
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Africa, East , Cichlids -- Tanganyika, Lake , Fishes -- Behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5265 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005109 , Cichlids -- Africa, East , Cichlids -- Tanganyika, Lake , Fishes -- Behavior
- Description: Observations of habitats are reported. A series of underwater experiments were conducted in natural habitats to answer questions concerning a) why Lamprologus ocellatus and Lamprologus ornatipinnis bury gastropod shells refuges into the substrate, and b) to examine interspecies differences in shell-using behaviours. Some behaviour patterns were analysed using phylogenetic methods. Lamprologus ocellatus and L. ornatipinnis responded to new shells in a variety of ways, shells were moved, buried (and used) or hidden (buried and not used). How shells are utilised seems to be dependant on a complex of factors such as the size and quality of new the shell and the number already in the territory. Shell use may also be affected by neighbour species, sex, size and predation levels. There are interspecific differences in the size of shells used and the methods of shell use. The latter results in species-characteristic shell orientations, vertical burial in L. ocellatus and horizontal burial in L. ornatipinnis. Shell orientation does affect other species/use of shells. Shell movement and vertical orientation appear to be apomorphic while shell hiding and burial are pleisiomorphic within the genus Lamprologus. Numerous cues are involved in stimulating shell burial. Most of these cues are actively sought by the fish by external and internal inspections. Shell burial therefore appears to be a method of reducing the information gathering ability of potential shell-dwelling competitors. Shell burial can therefore be regarded as an investment process which enhances the residents ability to defend its territory. Males can also control the distribution of open shells within teritories and thus control mate access to shells. This behaviour could be a significant factor in the evolution of marked sexual dichromatism exhibited within the genus.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Learning from the people : participatory rural appraisal, geography and rural development in the 'new' South Africa
- Authors: Binns, Tony , Hill, Trevor R , Nel, Etienne L
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6675 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006649
- Description: Top-down rural development strategies in Africa have generally not succeeded in raising living standards among the rural poor. It is argued that inappropriate development strategies have stemmed from methodologies that fail to appreciate the whole picture in rural communities, and in particular ignore local people's perceptions, needs and understanding. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) represents a significant step forward in the design of methodologies and a selection of these techniques is evaluated. Many PRA methods have much in common with the field research methods that have been used by geographers over many years to interpret people-environment relationships. A research investigation in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, suggests that geographers could have an important role to play in this area of applied research and, in particular, in the context of post-apartheid South Africa there is an urgent challenge to be met in promoting rural development in poor, former black Homeland areas.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Towards a developed regional order: which way forward southern Africa?
- Authors: Blaauw, Abraham Lesley
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa , Regional planning -- Africa, Southern , Regional planning -- South Africa , Southern African Customs Union , Southern African Development Community , Africa, Southern -- Economic conditions , Africa, Southern -- Politics and government -- 1975-1994
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2760 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002970 , Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa , Regional planning -- Africa, Southern , Regional planning -- South Africa , Southern African Customs Union , Southern African Development Community , Africa, Southern -- Economic conditions , Africa, Southern -- Politics and government -- 1975-1994
- Description: The regionalisation of politics on a global scale, Call be seen as one of the defining features of contemporary international relations. Given this phenomenon, the tasks which confronted this thesis, was to consider the conditions and requirements necessary within the Southern African region to build an all-embracing developed regional order. The urgency with which the latter task should be undertaken, is premised on an increased realisation that the region, and indeed the continent as a whole, are becoming of lesser significance in international affairs. However, a number of impediments will have to be overcome, before the goal of a developed regional order can be achieved, which will contribute to lasting security in the region. Foremost amongst many issues, is how to employ the approaches to integration, in attempting to explain how the goal of a developed order should be achieved. A second problem which this thesis was confronted with, relates to which organisation shoulO be' considered the best vehicle, to drive the integration process forward- COMESA, SACU or SADC. The decision take SADC as the organisation to drive the integration process forward, is premised on a number of factors. Amongst many, it qualifies in geographical terms as a region, the historical linkages of the countries of the region (based on their fight against apartheid, division of labour, etc.), serves as a basis for building a sense of community. Thirdly its institutions can be developed to achieve the goal of an all-embracing regional order. Lastly and most importantly, SADC realises that regional integration will remain unattainable without the involvement of the peoples of Southern Africa. The identification of the organisation to drive the integration process forward, serves to bolster moves towards a maximalist order. However, significant changes in the structure and institutions of SADC is necessary, before it can be considered an all-embracing and developed regional order. Not suprisingly, therefore, we have witness a number of institutional changes to the SADC structures. Amongst many, the establishment of the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security , the signing of the SADC Trade Facilitation Protocol, and the commitment to democracy and a human rights culture, are most significant and will, it is hoped, provide the building-blocks for deeper integration in Southern Africa. Apart from the above, which occur between and among the states of the region, steps are underway between and among the agents of civil society to work closely with each other, to establish a regional civil society. Most notably, the establishment of a media society for Southern Africa, the calls by COSATU for a Social Charter with a regional flavour, the establishment of environmental and human rights networks, and the support for the Gay and Lesbian Movement of Zimbabwe (GALZ), represent landmarks, in the search for a developed regional order. However, the reluctance of the governments of the Southern African countries, to consult with the NGOs, before the adoption of the Organ Politics, clearly bears testimony to their present inability to take the necessary steps needed to move from a minimalist to a maximalist conception of regional organisation. The suggestion of this thesis is that the move-away from minimalism to maximalism can be facilitated by the development of a political centre-around which both governments and NGO activities can be articulated, since both are primarily concerned with the security and welfare of the Southern African region.
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- Date Issued: 1997
On the life history of the lesser gurnard (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae) inhabiting the Agulhas Bank, South Africa
- Authors: Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125434 , vital:35782 , https://doi.10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01133.x
- Description: Fishes of the genus Labeo are widely distributed throughout Africa and consist of at least 80 species which comprise 16.4% of the African cyprinid ichthyofauna (Reid 1985). Most labeo species are also commercially important throughout the African continent, having contributed significantly to various fisheries. Their roe (sensu caviar) is often harvested as an additional bycatch (Skelton et al. 1991). Despite their obvious importance, the few studies that have investigated aspects of their life history have been conducted on the larger commercial species (Lowe 1952, Mulder 1973, Balon et al. 1974, Potgieter 1974, Baird 1976, Tomasson et al. 1984, van Zyl et al. 1995).
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- Date Issued: 1997
Plasmodesmatal frequency in relation to short-distance transport and phloem loading in leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Phloem is not loaded directly from the symplast
- Authors: Botha, Christiaan E J , Cross, Robin H M
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6504 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005928
- Description: We investigated the phloem loading pathway in barley, by determining plasmodesmatal frequencies at the electron microscope level for both intermediate and small blade bundles of mature barley leaves. Lucifer yellow was injected intercellularly into bundle sheath, vascular parenchyma, and thin-walled sieve tubes. Passage of this symplastically transported dye was monitored with an epifluorescence microscope under blue light. Low plasmodesmatal frequencies endarch to the bundle sheath cells are relatively low for most interfaces terminating at the thin- and thick-walled sieve tubes within this C3 species. Lack of connections between vascular parenchyma and sieve tubes, and low frequencies (0.5% plasmodesmata per μm cell wall interface) of connections between vascular parenchyma and companion cells, as well as the very low frequency of pore-plasmodesmatal connections between companion cells and sieve tubes in small bundles (0.2% plasmodesmata per μm cell wall interface), suggest that the companion cell-sieve tube complex is symplastically isolated from other vascular parenchyma cells in small bundles. The degree of cellular connectivity and the potential isolation of the companion cell-sieve tube complex was determined electrophysiologically, using an electrometer coupled to microcapillary electrodes. The less negative cell potential {average -52 mV) from mesophyll to the vascular parenchyma cells contrasted sharply with the more negative potential (-122.5 mV) recorded for the companion cell-thin-walled sieve tube complex. Although intercellular injection of lucifer yellow clearly demonstrated rapid (0.75 μm s-1) longitudinal and radial transport in the bundle sheath-vascular parenchyma complex, as well as from the bundle sheath through transverse veins to adjacent longitudinal veins, we were neither able to detect nor present unequivocal evidence in support of the symplastic connectivity of the sieve tubes to the vascular parenchyma. Injection of the companion cell-sieve tube complex, did not demonstrate backward connectivity to the bundle sheath. We conclude that the low plasmodesmatal frequencies, coupled with a two-domain electropotential zonation configuration, and the negative transport experiments using lucifer yellow, precludes symplastic phloem loading in barley leaves.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Teaching disciplinary discourse and implementing language-across-the-curriculum at tertiary level problems and prospects
- Authors: Caldwell, Candice Anne
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Rhodes University. Dept. of Psychology , Compensatory education -- South Africa , College students -- Study and teaching , College teachers -- Training of -- South Africa , Curriculum evaluation -- South Africa , Discourse analysis , Language arts -- Correlation with content subjects , Learning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2340 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002622
- Description: The premise of this thesis is that "learning", particularly in terms of students and universities, is capable of being seen as a specific and developed culture. This study is a contribution to the ethnography of that learning, the ultimate aim being to produce a descriptive theory of learning as a cultural system. This research was conducted within the context of the recent proposals made by the South African Commission on Higher Education. The proposals relevant to this study were, broadly, increased access to higher education and national funding for academic staff development programmes. There are, however, serious obstacles in the way of realising the aims of the higher education system outlined by the NCHE. Given the limited time and resources available for higher education development, it is imperative that the major flaws and obstacles in the system be identified and addressed as soon as possible. In view of this need, it was the concern of this study to conduct research which would assist in the designing of staff development programmes for academics teaching in English-medium tertiary institutions, like Rhodes University, where more than half the intake of first-year students already speaks English as a second, or other, language. Founded on the social constructionist view of knowledge, the aim of the study was to identify the needs of academic staff as well as the possible obstacles to the implementation of a "Language Across the Curriculum" policy. A genre-centred, ethnographic approach was used to access a disciplinary discourse community (the Psychology Department) in order to describe the practices of the community as well as to analyse the community's orders of discourse, particularly those which occurred at points of contact between lecturers and first-year students. It is argued that staff development programmes should promote the use of collaborative learning, which implies a reframing of the roles of both academic staff and students.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Struggle in discourse the International's discourse against racism in the labour-movement in South Africa (1915-1919)
- Authors: Caldwell, Marc Anthony
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: International (Johannesburg, South Africa) -- History , International Socialist League (S.A.) -- History , South African newspapers -- Language , Mass media and race relations -- South Africa , Mass media and language -- South Africa , Labor unions and mass media -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3419 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002872 , International (Johannesburg, South Africa) -- History , International Socialist League (S.A.) -- History , South African newspapers -- Language , Mass media and race relations -- South Africa , Mass media and language -- South Africa , Labor unions and mass media -- South Africa
- Description: The International, as the weekly newspaper of the International Socialist League, articulated from 1915 to 1919 an ideology which stood opposed both to organised labour and nationalist movements in South Africa. This situation reflected significant historical struggles during this period, which constitutes essential background to the discourse of the International. The International's writers opposed the institution of trade unionism in the labour movement because it was fragmented on the lines of skill and race. They opposed both the National Party and the South African Native National Congress because they advocated racial (and national) rather than working class interests. Instead, these writers, according to their international socialist paradigm, advocated a working class united irrespective of race and skill at the level of industry. To analyse these ideological positions, discourse analysis provides a fruitful method for locating its dynamics in relation to other positions and extra-ideological (contextual) practices: The International's writers g~nerated a socialist position against racism by engaging in an ideological struggle in discourse. They articulated their anti-racist position from international socialism's critique of the 'languages' of both militarism and trade unionism in the discourse of labour. Within the discourse of militarism, the working class was signified as divided between hostile nations. These writers applied this as a metaphor to the division of the local labour movement and criticised the latter accordingly. In their view, just as workers were divided between the nations (nationalism), so they were divided within the nation (racism) in South Africa. One context cohered with the other, and both agreed with imperatives of international capitalism. This was fundamentally opposed to the principles of international socialism which characterised the International's discourse. Within the dominant discourse oflabour, workers were signified as divided between different trade unions on the basis of skills. Furthermore, in the South African context, trade unions organised only white workers, and ignored the far larger proportion of black labour. In this context, the International advocated industrial unionism, and criticised the narrow base of the white trade unions for fragmenting and weakening the working class in South African. The International's writers were thus led by the discourse of international socialism to a new discourse, whereby not white workers alone, but a racially-united working class movement would be the key to a socialist future in South Africa. Their struggle entailed a bid in and over discourse to rearticulate the sign of the 'native worker' within their own discourse as the dominant discourse type. Underpinning their struggle was a fundamental opposition to capitalist class relations.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Parasitism and invasive species : an ecological study of mussel populations
- Authors: Calvo Ugarteburu, Miren Gurutze
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Perna -- Parasites Mytilidae -- Parasites Perna -- Ecology Mytilidae -- Ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5736 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005422
- Description: The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, was introduced accidentally to South Africa and has since become invasive. One possible explanation for the success of this species is that it has been released from the effects of parasites which affect the indigenous species of mussels. The aim of this work was to examine the parasitic load of different mussel populations along the southern African coast and to assess the effects of parasites on their hosts. A survey was done to quantify the levels of parasitism in indigenous populations of Perna perna from Southern Africa and of Mytilus galloprovincialis from South Africa (where it is exotic) and Spain (where it is indigenous). This survey was carried out at three different geographic scales: small scale (metres), studying the incidence of parasites within a mussel bed; medium scale (kilometres to tens of kilometres), comparing prevalences of infection among different localities; and large scale (hundreds to thousands of kilometres), examining infection rates along the Southern African coast, as well as the coast of the Basque Country (North Spain). During this survey metazoan parasites other than trematodes were rare. Four species of trematodes were commonly found infecting the indigenous mussel Perna perna. These were metacercariae of the genus Proctoeces, bucephalid sporocysts, encysted metacercariae on the labial palps and gelatinous cysts with metacercariae inside. A detailed description of Proctoeces is given; the other parasites are described elsewhere. No parasites were found in M. galloprovincialis either in South Africa or in Spain. This thesis concentrates on the study of prevalences of Proctoeces and bucephalid sporocysts and their effects on Perna perna. Infection rates with Proctoeces are highly dependent on the sex of the host, with more females than males being infected, and are also size dependent, though only for females. Identification of the sex of mussels infected with bucephalid sporocysts is often not possible since the sporocysts spread over the gonad and replace it. Prevalence of infection with this parasite also increases with the size of the host. To study the influence of Proctoeces and bucephalid sporocysts on the ecological fitness of Perna perna, their effects on survival and competitive ability were tested. The results showed significant negative effects. Both parasites significantly depressed condition but only after spawning, when the mussels were already stressed. In order to check for effects on host survival, the effects of both parasites on mortality rates, gaping behaviour and water loss of mussels exposed to air were also examined. Neither parasite affected mortality rate or gaping behaviour of Perna perna. Proctoeces did not affect the amount of water lost by mussels, but the bucephalid sporocysts did. Mussels infected with sporocysts lost significantly more water than non-infected individuals. This increase in water loss was not related to the gaping behaviour, but a test of the strength of the adductor muscles showed that less force was needed to open mussels with bucephalid sporocysts than non-infected mussels. This was not the case for mussels infected by Proctoeces. Weaker mussels will fail to seal the valves properly, resulting in an increase of water loss on exposure to air by evaporation. Another factor that will have an obvious effect on a population is the reproductive output of the animals. Histological sections of the gonad of infected and non-infected females were cut to study the effects of both parasites on reproduction. Statistical tests comparing the numbers and sizes of oocytes in females infected with Proctoeces and non-infected females showed no significant differences. However, bucephalid sporocysts have a dramatic effect on reproduction by castrating the host, leaving no trace of sex products. One of the major factors shaping the composition of a mussel bed is competition for space and food, with smaller mussels being at a competitive disadvantage. Thus, in order to examine effects of both parasites on the competitive ability of Perna perna, summer and winter growth rates were compared for infected and non-infected mussels. Proctoeces reduced growth both in summer and in winter whilst bucephalid sporocysts had no significant effect. Both growth and reproduction are important components of the energy budget of an animal, and each is affected by either Proctoeces or the bucephalid sporocysts. In an attempt to test if Perna perna compensates energetically for these negative effects, filtration rates and oxygen consumption of mussels with and without parasites were measured. Neither parasite had a significant effect on filtration rates or oxygen consumption of the host. All these results indicate that both Proctoeces and the bucephalid sporocysts have a detrimental effect on their host, and that the mussels do not compensate for these negative effects. There is neither an increase in filtration, nor a decrease in respiration to balance the energy lost to the parasite. The two parasites studied affect the host in different but complementary ways. The effects of both parasites are concentrated on those size classes of mussel which channel most energy into the portion of the energy budget affected by the parasite. Proctoeces affects growth only in the smaller individuals, which under normal conditions would put most energy into growth; and the bucephalid sporocysts castrate the bigger mussels, which would expend most energy on reproduction. By reducing growth rates of small mussels or castrating large mussels, these parasites effectively remove them from the breeding population and reduce their competitive abilities. These negative effects, together with the high prevalence of both parasites in Perna perna along the South African coast and their absence in Mytilus galloprovincialis, suggest that parasites may be an important reason for the success of Mytilus.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Metallophthalocyanine catalysed electroreduction of nitrate and nitrite ions in alkaline media
- Authors: Chebotareva, Natalia , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293301 , vital:57073 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018466021838"
- Description: Copper, cadmium, lead and bismuth (> 5 μg ml−1) are determined by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) on a mercury film glassy carbon electrode, using catechol, 4-methylcatechol, 4-t-butylcatechol and resorcinol as complexing ligands. Complexes of lead, copper and bismuth with resorcinol showed the largest increase in current with increase in metal concentration, whereas complexes of these metals with 4-t-butylcatechol showed the lowest current response. Cadmium showed a different behaviour from the other three metals in that the highest current response was observed with 4-methylcatechol. The four metals could be determined simultaneously in the presence of resorcinol, although considerable interference was observed between bismuth and copper.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1997
First-row transition metal phthalocyanines as catalysts for water electrolysis
- Authors: Chebotareva, Natalia , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293391 , vital:57081 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(97)00033-9"
- Description: Modification of carbon electrodes with first row transition metal phthalocyanines results in the lowering of the potentials needed for water electrolysis in basic media, by 600 to 700 mV when compared to unmodified carbon electrodes. Nickel(II), cobalt(II) and iron(II) phthalocyanines show higher catalytic activity than zinc(II), manganese(II), copper(II) and metal free phthalocyanines.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Submission of the CWIU to the portfolio committee on Child and Family support
- Authors: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: CWIU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170234 , vital:41871
- Description: Having studied and extensively discussed the new child support and benefit system as agreed by cabinet on 5 March 1997, the CWIU Western Cape Women's Committee at its seminar held on 5-6 April 1997, noted j:tee following: 1) That the pSC-cess leading up to this development was not transparent and democratic despite its far-reaching consequences for the poorest sections of our people. 2) That the new system is designed to meet the requirements set by the government's economic strategy - Growth Employment and Redistibution (GEAR) for "fiscal restraint" and reducing the budget deficit and not meeting the needs of the majority of South Africans. This economic strategy of the government is in itself its response to the demands of local and international capital and not in line with the promise of "A better life for all" as embodied in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) and the new constitution which states the right for all "to have access to social security, including, if they are unable to support themselves and their dependents, appropriate social assistance". 3) That certain assumptions are made regarding the requirements of families, specifically women and their unsupported children, with regard to their survival, let alone decent living standards. In particular we refer to the new rates of R75 per child (under the age of 6 years) per month which is according to the government "slightly above the household subsistence level". This raises a number of serious questions and implications. Who determined these figures, what are they based on and who is it aimed at ? For years in the labour movement we have been confronted by capitalist bosses with similar "scientific statistics" across the bargaining table when fighting for decent wages. We have always rejected these as being based on existing poverty levels and seeking to perpetuate these conditions. These figures are also determined by academics hidden and protected by the privilege of the university environment, treating our poverty as mere scientific subjects for study to strengthen the ideological hand of their capitalist masters. We reject the figures and are convinced that the new rates will have the effect of increasing poverty. It has also been pointed out to us, for what it is worth, that the actual "Household Subsistence Level" figure is more than what the government has decided, ie. R96.83.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Towards an understanding of Amayeza esiXhosa stores (African chemists): how they operate, and the services they offer in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Medical anthropology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Traditional medicine -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:2096 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002659 , Medical anthropology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Traditional medicine -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: In medical anthropology there has been a tendency to dichotomize western biomedical . healtb services, on the one hand, and traditional health care practices on the other. Much attention has been focused on the comparison between these two approaches in the hope that they might be reconciled. The problem with this approach is twofold. In the first place, it has not always acknowledged the local, historic~1, political and economic contexts in which different approaches to health care have evolved and in the second place, health care services which belong to neither the western nor traditional healing spheres and which are driven by commercial interests have been almost completely neglected because they fall outside of the basic dichotomy. Amayeza stores have been a feature of South African towns and cities for many years. They mayor may not be run by Africans, but their clientele is almost exclusively African in this region. They deal in a bewildering variety of products and remedies, from untreated herbal and animal products to pharmaceuticals specially prepared for the African market, to Dutch and Indian Remedies. These stores both reflect transfonnations in indigenous perceptions of health care and, by virtue of the choices they offer, generate change. In this empirical study three stores in the Eastern Cape are selected for detailed study - two in King William's Town, the regional capital, and one in the small town of Peddie. The approach is holistic, emphasizing the social, political and economic context, the business histories and running of each shop, and, in particular, the perceptions and choices of a sample of the customers in each case. The success of the amayeza phenomenon derives from its eclecticism and syncretism. These stores impose neither a western nor a traditional model of health care on their clients, but offer them a range of choices that reflects the complex multicultural history of their own South African society.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Structural and stereochemical investigations of terrestrial and marine pyrone metabolites
- Authors: Collett, Lynne Alison
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Metabolites , Stereochemistry , Siphonaria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4348 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005013 , Metabolites , Stereochemistry , Siphonaria
- Description: This thesis presents an investigation into the chemistry of 6 substituted 5, 6-dihydro-a-pyrone compounds. A comprehensive review of these compounds was published in 1989 and the subsequent literature is covered in an updated review presented below. Eight 6-substituted 5,6-dihydro-a-pyrone metabolites from three different South African plant species Cryptocarya latijolia, Syncolostemon densiflorus, and Syncolostemon argenteus have been the subject of structural and stereochemical investigations. The absolute stereochemistry of the known compound "triacetate" from C. latijolia has been established as 6R-[2R,4S,6S-(triacetyloxy)heptylJ-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (74) using CD and acetonide formation with subsequent application of the modified Moshers method. The absolute stereochemistry of the related metabolite "diacetate", also from C. latijolia, has been assigned as 6R-[2S,4S-diacetyloxypentylJ-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (76). In addition, the outstanding stereochemistry at C-5' in syndenolide, from S. densiflorus, followed from conversion to its diacetonide and subsequent NMR analysis. Syndenolide is therefore 6R-[5S-(acetoxy)-IR,2R,3S-(trihydroxy)-heptylJ-5,6- dihydro-2H -pyran-2-one. The genus Syncolostemon has proved to be a rich source of a-pyrone compounds and the chemistry of S. argenteus, not investigated previously, was examined as part of an ongoing search for new 5,6-dihydro-a-pyrones. The study yielded five new a-pyrone natural products, synargentolide A-E. The structure of synargentolide A (82) has been assigned as 6R[4R,5R,6S-triacetyloxy-lE-heptenylJ-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one using CD and NMR techniques. The structures of synargentolide B (87), C (92) and E (94) also followed from a detailed NMR analysis and the stereochemistry tentatively assigned based on CD and NMR data. Synargentolide D (93) was thermally unstable, and a paucity of material prevented stereochemical investigations, however the structure was determined from initial NMR analysis. The marine molluscs of the genus Siphonaria have only become the subject of chemical studies in the last fifteen years. These molluscs characteristically produce polypropionate type natural products. A review of Siphonarian polypropionate metabolites containing a pyrone functionality is presented. Examination of an endemic South African species Siphonaria serrata yielded one novel polypropionate metabolite containing a ),-pyrone functionality, siserrone A (131). The structure of this compound was unambiguously established using standard NMR experiments. The relative stereochemisty of the hemi-ketal moiety was assigned from a careful analysis of the ROESY NMR spectrum and the stereochemisty of the acyclic portion determined from a comparison of the 13C and 'H NMR data of a degradation product with the corresponding data of a synthetic compound. It was also established that the modified Moshers method could not be used to determine the absolute stereochemistry of the secondary hydroxy I substituent at C-11. The absolute stereochemistry of 131 was thus assigned in accordance with the proven stereochemistry of Siphonarian metabolites.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Comparative ultrastructure of plasmodesmata of Chara and selected bryophytes: towards an elucidation of the evolutionary origin of plant plasmodesmata
- Authors: Cook, Martha E , Graham, Linda E , Botha, Christiaan E J , Lavin, Colleen A
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6506 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005933 , http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/84/9/1169
- Description: We have used transmission electron microscopy to examine plasmodesmata of the charophycean green alga Chara zeylanica, and of the putatively early divergent bryophytes Monoclea gottschei (liverwort), Notothylas orbicularis (hornwort), and Sphagnum fimbriatum (moss), in an attempt to learn when seed plant plasmodesmata may have originated. The three bryophytes examined have desmotubules. In addition, Monoclea was found to have branched plasmodesmata, and plasmodesmata of Sphagnum displayed densely staining regions around the neck region, as well as ring-like wall specializations. In Chara, longitudinal sections revealed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that sometimes appeared to be associated with plasmodesmata, but this was rare, despite abundant ER at the cell periphery. Across all three fixation methods, cross-sectional views showed an internal central structure, which in some cases appeared to be connected to the plasma membrane via spoke-like structures. Plasmodesmata were present even in the incompletely formed reticulum of forming cell plates, from which we conclude that primary plasmodesmata are formed at cytokinesis in Chara zeylanica. Based on these results it appears that plasmodesmata of Chara may be less specialized than those of seed plants, and that complex plasmodesmata probably evolved in the ancestor of land plants before extant lineages of bryophytes diverged.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Debate on globalisation
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172083 , vital:42156
- Description: At the Cosatu National Congress, a debate around the issue of globalisation erupted. At the core of the debate was whether the federation was opposed to globalisation or not. Some unions fell that as a federation we should be opposed to globalisation and all what it represents. Others felt that we should be opposed not to globalisation but its negative effects or the current form of globalisation.
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- Date Issued: 1997
A liberal journal for a conservative estimate
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/139694 , vital:37769
- Description: AIDS starts with a virus. Like all viruses, it’s a parasite fragile and impotent. It cannot reproduce except within human cells, It’s tiny. Over 500,000,000 HIV viruses could fit the dot on top of this i. In the wrong environment HIV dies. In the right environment, it dominates. AIDS is dominating South Africa with all ready 2.4 million people infected, with estimates of 20% of the working population being infected within four years. South Africa has willingly opened itself to domination. This time, not colonial political oppression or the cruelty of racial apartheid, but domination by a virus all of us saw coming. The Ministry of Health welcomed the virus by failing to impart a practical and realistic National AIDS strategy. Instead, entertaining us with a R14.3 million play called Sarafina 2 and a discredited new cure for AIDS Virodene.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Exploitation of the bait organism Upogebia africana (Crustacea: Anomura) in the Knysna estuary
- Authors: Cretchley, Robyn
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Upogebia africana -- South Africa -- Knysna , Mud shrimps -- South Africa -- Knysna , Fishing baits -- South Africa -- Knysna
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5691 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005377 , Upogebia africana -- South Africa -- Knysna , Mud shrimps -- South Africa -- Knysna , Fishing baits -- South Africa -- Knysna
- Description: In South African estuaries the anomuran mud prawn, Upogebia africana (Ortmann), is the main organism exploited as bait by recreational and subsistence anglers. In the Knysna estuary, three groups of bait collectors were identified on the basis of their source of income: subsistence fishermen who rely on bait-collecting and fishing for their income, supplementary anglers who catch fish to supplement their income and leisure anglers who draw no income from fishing. Two groups were identified based on the methods used: lelsure anglers who collect bait using a prawn pusher or pump and fish using a fishing rod and tackle, and non-leisure anglers who collect mud prawns using tin cans and fish with handlines. The hypothesis was erected that bait-collecting does not affect the U africana populations in the Knysna estuary. The approach adopted was to assess the distribution, density, population structure and reproductive patterns of the bait stock and to estimate the intensity of bait collection, to test the validity of the hypothesis. U africana has an extensive distribution, occupying 62 % of the available intertidal area of the Knysna estuary. Mud prawns have a broad intertidal distribution from the high water level (Spartina zone) to the shallow subtidal. The density, biomass and population structure of the mud prawns vary significantly with distance up the estuary and with tidal height on each shore. The Invertebrate Reserve supports very low densities of U africana (x = 11.7 m⁻²), whereas a relatively inaccessible centre bank in the middle reaches of the estuary appears to be a very effective natural mud prawn reserve as it supports the highest densities (x = 176.5m⁻²). The mud prawn stock of the estuary is estimated to be 2.19 x 108 prawns (82.7 tonnes dry mass). The numbers of bait collectors present per mudbank is highest on public holidays (x = 34) and higher during the summer holidays (x = 16) than during the winter (x = 4). A total of 1.858 x 106 U africana or 700.53 kg (dry mass) are removed by bait collectors annually from the 6 popular bait-collecting sites studied. This represents 8.49 % of the mud prawn stocks at these sites and 0.85 % of the entire estuary stock. 85 % of the U africana taken as bait annually, is removed by the 77.12 % of bait collectors who are non-leisure anglers. Recreational or leisure anglers are responsible for removing 14.2 %. The reproduction of female U africana in the Knysna estuary is seasonal and occurs from late July to April. There is evidence that this breeding season consists of two merging breeding cycles. The largest percentage (63 %) of ovigerous females is found in the middle reaches of the Knysna estuary at the Oyster Bank where the highest numbers of stage 1 larvae (165 m⁻³) are released. Larvae were exported from the estuary on the crepuscular ebb tide with peaks in abundance of nearly 1500 m⁻³ in November 1995 and January 1996. Although numbers caught are not significantly higher, larvae are nearly twice as abundant on crepuscular neap tides following a new moon (waxing quarter) than on those following a full moon (waning quarter). Recruitment of juvenile U africana to populations in the estuary was highest in December (45 m⁻²) and decreased over the summer. The highest numbers of recruits (31 m⁻²) were found at those sites closest to the mouth or on the main channel. Recruitment to the Leisure Isle and Thesens sites which are intensively exploited by bait collectors is high (20 - 32 m⁻²). The number of juveniles recruiting to U africana populations is estimated to be four times as high as the numbers of mud prawns taken by bait collectors. Legal methods of bait collection used in the Knysna estuary by the majority of anglers appear to cause minimal sediment disturbance and are not likely to affect the associated infauna. Illegal bait-collecting methods are however highly destructive and must be prohibited. It is concluded that the null hypothesis is acceptable, as mud prawn stocks of the Knysna estuary are not over-exploited and appear to be naturally regulated. The recruitment rate of juvenile U africana is estimated to be sufficiently high to sustain the present levels of exploitation.
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- Date Issued: 1997
Negotiating a comprehensive long-term relationship between South Africa and the European Union: from free trade to trade and development
- Authors: Cross, Peter John
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa -- 1994- , European Economic Community , European Economic Community countries -- Foreign economic relations -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- European Economic Community countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2768 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002978 , Economic development -- South Africa -- 1994- , European Economic Community , European Economic Community countries -- Foreign economic relations -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- European Economic Community countries
- Description: On 10 May 1994 the European Union offeredSouth Africa a package of measures to ... send a strong political signal to the incoming govemment and to the South African population, thus proving its firm determination to support the transition towards democracy and its willingness to contribute to the reconstruction and economic development of South Africa after the elections. This package consisted of two parts: 1. A series of short term implementations to take place with immediate effect to help South Africa's development and transition, and 2. An offer to negotiate a comprehensive long-term relationship with South Africa should the new government so request. South Africa accepted the European Union's offer to negotiate a long-term relationship, and in response requested membership of the structure governing the Union's relations with the rest of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in the Caribbean and Pacific, namely the Lomé Convention. Due to various incompatibilities South Africa was not allowed to join this organisation. In its place the European Union offered to negotiate an agreement with South Africa that would lead to a Free Trade Area. This agreement was in keeping with the rules as laid down by the World Trade Organisation. It envisaged the lowering of tariffs and trade barriers between the Union and South Africa over a period not exceeding 12 years, allowing for asymmetry in terms of time constraints in implementation only. South Africa saw this type of agreement as inconsistent with the desire expressed by the European Union to support the countries development and the integration of the Southern African region. In its place South Africa proposed a new concept in trade agreement, this concept, known as the Trade and Development Agreement, embodied both trade liberalisation and support for development. This agreement would introduce a new paradigm of thought to govern trade between developed countries and developing countries within the World Trade Organisation's rules. This paper explores the events that unfolded in these negotiations. It attempts to discover whether, in the current global environment, it is possible, or beneficial, for the developed world to act in an altruistic manner towards another state in order to assist its development.
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- Date Issued: 1997