Review of policies and legislation influencing the sustainable use of South Africa's indigenous Woodlands
- Authors: Willis, Carla B , Geach, Bev S , Versfeld, Dirk , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182810 , vital:43881 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10231765_60"
- Description: The recent completion of the South African National Land-Cover Database and the Vegetation Map of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho, allows for the first time a comparison to be made on a national scale between the current and potential distribution of 'natural' vegetation resources. This article compares the distribution and location of woodland-type vegetation categories defined within the National Land-Cover data and the equivalent 'Savanna-thicket Biomes' class defined within the Vegetation Mapdata. Significant differences were found, both in terms of the total areal extent, as well as the actual spatial distribution of these two data sets. These differences are a measure of the inherent mapping accuracies of each source, but rather an illustration of boundary delineation distinctions that are a result of different data sources, mapping objectives and information classes, that must be noted when comparing two essentially similar information sets.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Application of the Minolta chromameter to the assessment of corticosteroid-induced skin blanching
- Authors: Walker, Roderick B , Haigh, John M , Smith, Eric W
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter , text
- Identifier: vital:6451 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006639
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- Date Issued: 2000
Bread and honour: white working class women and Afrikaner Nationalism in the 1930s
- Authors: Vincent, Louise
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6205 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008575
- Description: Women have occupied a central place in the ideological formulations of nationalist movements. In particular, the figure of woman as mother recurs throughout the history of nationalist political mobilizations. In Afrikaner nationalism, this symbolic female identity takes the form of the volksmoeder (mother of the nation) icon, commonly assumed to describe a highly circumscribed set of women's social roles, created for women by men. The academic orthodoxy holds that middle-class Afrikaner women submitted to the volksmoeder ideology early on in the development of Afrikaner nationalism but that the working class Afrikaner women of the Garment Workers' Union (GWU) represented an enclave of resistance to dominant definitions of ethnic identity. They chose instead to ally themselves with militant, class-conscious trade unionism. This paper argues that Afrikaner women of different classes helped to shape the contours of the volksmoeder icon. Whilst middle class Afrikaner women questioned the idea that their social contribution should remain restricted to narrow familial and charitable concerns, prominent working class women laid claim to their own entitlement to the volksmoeder heritage. In doing so, the latter contributed to the popularization and reinterpretation of an ideology that was at this time seeking a wider audience. The paper argues that the incorporation of Afrikaner women into the socialist milieu of the GWU did not result in these women simply discarding the ethnic components of their identity. Rather their self-awareness as Afrikaner women with a recent rural past was grafted onto their new experience as urban factory workers. The way in which leading working class Afrikaner women articulated this potent combination of 'derived' and 'inherent' ideology cannot be excluded from the complex process whereby Afrikaner nationalism achieved success as a movement appealing to its imagined community across boundaries of class and gender.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Electrocatalytic properties of vitamin B12 towards oxidation and reduction of nitric oxide
- Authors: Vilakazi, Sibulelo Lea , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293196 , vital:57064 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00628-9"
- Description: This paper reports on the catalytic behaviour of cyanocobalamin (VB12) towards the reduction and oxidation of nitric oxide. When VB12 is adsorbed on glassy carbon electrodes, it catalyses the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) in pH 4 and 9 buffers. In the absence of NO, cyclic voltammetry shows that VB12 is reduced by a one-step two-electron reduction from CoIII to the CoI species. Addition of NO at pH 9 to solutions of VB12 resulted in the splitting of the cyclic voltammetry peaks as a result of a consecutive one-electron reduction of the central CoIII metal in VB12 to CoII and finally to CoI. The catalytic peak for oxidation of NO on a glassy carbon electrode modified with VB12 was observed at 1.21 V versus Ag∣AgCl, at pH 9. The products of the catalytic reduction of nitric oxide include ammonia and hydroxylamine.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Interaction of nitric oxide with cobalt (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine
- Authors: Vilakazi, Sibulelo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293235 , vital:57067 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(99)00373-3"
- Description: The interaction of nitric oxide (NO) with cobalt(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine [Co(II)TSPc]4−) has been studied. Coordination of NO is accompanied by electron transfer from the central metal in [Co(II)TSPc]4−, the resulting complex being represented as [(NO−)Co(III)TSPc]4−. The rate constant for the formation of this species is kf=142±7 dm3 mol−1 s−1 and an equilibrium constant of 3.0±0.5×105 dm3 mol−1 was obtained. When adsorbed to a glassy carbon electrode, [Co(II)TSPc]4− catalyses the oxidation and reduction of NO, with a detection limit of the order of 10−9 mol dm−3. Ammonia and hydroxylamine are some of the reduction products obtained for the reduction of NO on [Co(II)TSPc]4−-modified glassy carbon electrodes.
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- Date Issued: 2000
What is the StreetNet Association?
- Authors: StreetNet Association
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: StreetNet Association
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162148 , vital:40765
- Description: StreetNet was conceived by a network of individual vendors, activists, researchers and other people and institutions, who came together to look at how to increase the visibility, voice and bargaining power of street vendors throughout the world. StreetNet aims to promote the exchange of information and ideas on critical issues facing street vendors and on practical organizing and advocacy strategies. Through StreetNet, members should gain an understanding of the common problems of street vendors, develop new ideas for strengthening their organizing and advocacy efforts and join in international campaigns to promote policies and actions that can contribute to improving the lives of millions of street vendors.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Stump size and the number of coppice shoots for selected savanna tree species
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181896 , vital:43778 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)31074-7"
- Description: Management of coppice dynamics of indigenous savanna trees could assist in increasing the regrowth rates or number of coppice shoots produced. This would be useful in natural resource management programmes to promote sustainable resource management. This study examined the influence of cutting height, stem size and surface area on the number of coppice shoots produced for twelve savanna species from a communal land in the Bushbuckndge lowveld. All species exhibited a strong coppicing ability following cutting. The number of shoots per stump was most frequently related to cutting height, although this was not always the most significant predictor. There were clear differences between species with respect to the number of shoots per unit surface area, the highest being for Albizia harveyii and the least Piliostlgma thonningii. The taller the potential height of a species, the fewer were the coppice shoots per stump surface area.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Comparison of plant diversity in protected and communal lands in the Bushbuckridge lowveld savanna, South Africa
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181885 , vital:43777 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00001-X"
- Description: Patterns of higher plant species richness and beta diversity were assessed using standard Modified-Whittaker plots in relation to land use, slope position and mean annual rainfall across a rainfall gradient in the savanna areas of the Bushbuckridge lowveld, South Africa. In particular, comparison of communal areas with adjacent protected areas was important in showing the impacts of potential changes in land use within an overarching catchment management plan. Although most of the protected areas considered preservation of biodiversity as their primary goal, they were characterised by significantly fewer plant species than the adjacent, highly utilised, communal lands, at both the plot and point scale. Slope position also had a significant effect on plant species richness, with eutrophic bottomlands having c. 30% more species than the dystrophic toplands. This adds weight to the need for greater public awareness for the judicious use and management of the sensitive bottomlands, which fringe the primary drainage lines that are vital for sustained supplies of good quality surface water in this semi-arid environment. The total number of species increased with increasing mean annual rainfall across the rainfall gradient. This suggests that, if the catchment management plan aims to identify additional areas for conservation, the higher rainfall areas should be the first to be assessed. Species turnover was greater along the rainfall gradient than the catenal gradient between toplands and bottomlands.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Woodlands in South Africa and the national forests act
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182065 , vital:43796 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10295925.2000.9631252"
- Description: The development of the National Forestry Action Programme (NFAP) and promulgation of the National Forests Act (NFA) have established a new vision for the care, management and distribution of benefits from South Africa's woodlands. The Department of water Affairs and Forestry is mandated with ensuring this vision is put into practice. However, historically the Department has had little to do with woodlands, and suffers from a lack of capacity and expertise, a situation which it readily acknowledges. Additionally, the legal definition of a woodland within the NFA is problematic. Within this context, this paper examines oft cited definitions of woodlands and seeks to find an appropriate one for the South African context. It then briefly reviews the major classifications of woodland types at a national scale, as the minimum basis for homogenous reporting units for which monitoring of the success of the NFAP and the NFA should be pursued. Finally, a brief description of moist/dystrophic and arid/eutrophic woodlands is presented.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Impact of fire frequency on woody community structure and soil nutrients in the Kruger National Park
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Scholes, Robert J
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181874 , vital:43776 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v43i1.210"
- Description: Although fire is recognised as an important determinant of the structure and function of South African savannas, there are few studies of long-term impacts. Controlled burning blocks of contrasting fire season and frequency have been maintained throughout the Kruger National Park for almost 50 years. This paper reports on a quantitative study of the Satara plots to determine the long-term impacts of fire frequency on woody community structure and soil nutrients. Increasing fire frequency significantly decreased woody plant basal area, biomass, density, height, and mean stem circumference. The number of stems per plant and the proportion of regenerative stems increased with increasing fire frequency. Effects on species richness of woody plants were inconsistent. There were no significant differences attributable to fire frequency for any of the soil variables except organic matter and magnesium. Organic carbon was highest in the fire exclusion treatment and lowest in soils from plots burnt triennially. Magnesium levels were greatest in the annually burnt soils and least in the triennial plots.
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- Date Issued: 2000
The use of and trade in indigenous edible fruits in the Bushbuckridge savanna region, South Africa
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Dzerefos, C M , Shackleton, Sheona E , Mathabela, F R
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182396 , vital:43826 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2000.9991616"
- Description: The use, processing, cultivation and trading of indigenous edible fruits was recorded across a rainfall gradient in the Mpumalanga lowveld. Three transects, each consisting of one village in a relatively high rainfall zone, one village in a low rainfall zone, and one intermediate, were sampled by means of 20 households per village. Nearly all households made use of indigenous edible fruits to some extent, with households in the wettest region using the greatest diversity of fruits. The duration of availability of selected species was increased through drying, storing and processing the raw fruits for later consumption. Such activities were more common in the drier regions relative to the wetter villages. Just less than half the respondents maintained indigenous fruit trees within their homestead or arable fields, whereas more than 65% grew exotic commercial fruit species. Many respondents traded in edible fruits, but very few obtained a significant income in this way. Nonetheless, even casual trading provided vital supplementary income for low‐income households.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Direct use values of secondary resources harvested from communal savannas in the Bushbuckridge lowveld, South Africa
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Shackleton, Sheona E
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182798 , vital:43875 , xlink:href="https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20000614194"
- Description: This study reports on the direct use value of secondary resources harvested by rural communities in a savanna region of South Africa. Data pertaining to the use, amount and direct use value of 11 secondary resources were presented individually, along with a final composite value. Only five resources (fuelwood, construction wood, edible fruits, edible herbs, and medicinal plants), individually accounted for more than 10% of the total value per hectare (US$ 141), and together they represented over 94% of the total value per hectare. On a per household basis, only 3 of the 11 resources contributed 10% or more to the total direct use value (US$ 386 used at home and US$ 767 traded), and together contributed greater than 71% of the total direct use value per household. Two-thirds of the value per household was traded locally with other households or regionally, rather than consumed at home. The total value per hectare compared favourably with other land uses within the region, except for capital intensive enterprises. The returns to collecting and selling secondary resources were higher than those paid for local agricultural wage labour. The extraction rates of several of the secondary resources are probably sustainable but not for the more important ones such as fuelwood, construction wood and medicinal plants.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Cape Town talks about sex workers
- Authors: Sex Workers’ Education & Advocacy Taskforce (SWEAT)
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: SWEAT
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168829 , vital:41651
- Description: On Monday 25 September,, as- part of the One City Festival, the Black Arts Collective hosted a debate about sex work. Natasha from SWEAT spoke about the why the government should decriminalize sex work. Khadija Magardie, a journalist from the Mail and Guardian newspaper, sent a speech talking about how sex work should be abolished by changing the law to make the clients criminals, so they can be arrested for buying sex from sex workers. Members of the public came to the debate, and talked about their feelings about sex work, and asked questions and gave comments. Generally most people were supportive of the fact that sex workers deserve human rights, even if they didn’t like the idea that people sell sex for a living. The city is starting to talk about sex work and sex workers, which is very exciting. It is a chance for SWEAT to talk about the realities of the industry, and to break down some of the stereotypes that many members of the public have about sex workers and sex work. One element that is missing from these discussions is the voices of sex workers themselves. SWEAT points out that it is very difficult for sex workers to talk publicly because of the stigmatization they suffer, and because sex work is still illegal. If you are interested in talking to the public about your experiences and opinions, please contact SWEAT and let us know, so that next time there is a chance to speak to the public we can invite you along.
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- Date Issued: 2000
SASBO Code of ethics
- Authors: SASBO
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: SASBO
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160565 , vital:40475
- Description: Formed as a trade union in 1916, SASBO's primary objectives are to improve the conditions of service and protect the interests of its members, individually and collectively, in relation to their employers and otherwise, and generally to raise their status. Operating in the South African finance sector, SASBO identifies with the ethics and conventions of finance professionals and has always encouraged sound industrial relations with employers and/or their organisations, with the intention of regulating conflict as peacefully and constructively as possible by endeavouring to settle disputes by conciliatory methods. The union has always been, and continues to be, committed to fair and honest dealings, and integrity, in its interaction with all its stakeholders, this in the fundamental belief that SASBO's operation and business should be conducted honestly, fairly and within the parameters of labour and other laws.
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- Date Issued: 2000
SASBO Strikes and lockout policies
- Authors: SASBO
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: SASBO
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160585 , vital:40477
- Description: This information and policy document has been produced in response to a resolution adopted by the SASBO National Congress in October 1998. The information provided is a summary of the rights of employees with regard to strike and other industrial actions, and of their employers' recourse to lockout. SASBO members wishing to acquire a more detailed knowledge of strikes and lock-outs should refer to Chapter IV of the Labour Relations Act of 1995 for the full text of the relevant legislation.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Topical Opinion - Organising on the mines
- Authors: SAIRR
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: SAIRR
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111247 , vital:33420
- Description: When the National Union of Mineworkers was formed an experienced unionist said to me "organising workers in South Africa is the art of the possible". But organising workers in the mining industry is the art of the impossible. It has been the art of the impossible because it has been the art of trying to make a fundamental change in a system by using structures and instruments that were designed to perpetuate that system. It lias been the art of the impossible because it has been the art of trying to make a revolution with moderate tools tli at were invented to prevent a revolution. Because of the nature of the mining industry, which is conservative or ultraconservative by any definition, the black miner has been condemned to seek radical ends within a framework which was designed to prevent sudden and radical changes. For almost one hundred years now, black miners have not been able to change their status. The African Miners' Union in 1946 under J B Marks made an attempt but was brutally crushed by a combination of employer and government forces. It is against this background that our union has developed its organising strategies. Organising has taken place around a number of issues, some of which are safety, wages, and working- class unity.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Workers are parents too
- Authors: SACCAWU
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: SACCAWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113858 , vital:33838
- Description: This booklet is a follow-up to the Parental Rights' Manual for negotiators produced by SACCAWU in 1999. These publications have been the product of painful soul- searching. They are attempts to highlight the plight of women in the workplace and represent the uncompromising resolve of the union to challenge the inequalities and discrimination that workers, especially women, suffer as parents. This booklet is intended to assist negotiators, shop stewards and ordinary workers in knowing and exercising their parental rights. In order to win the struggle for parental rights, the understanding of worker rights must reach all the way to the shop floor. This booklet will help to make that understanding a reality. We wish to thank the commitment and dedication by all workers and union officials who have worked tirelessly for the realisation of the noble goal of parental rights and have forced the bosses to reason beyond dogmatic greed to maximise profits. Achievements won thus far have not been easy victories, nor can they be attributed to kindness or a change of heart by the employers. This booklet builds on our manual and further inspires us to translate our dreams into reality.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Workers are parents too
- Authors: SACCAWU
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: SACCAWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/137642 , vital:37545
- Description: This booklet is a follow-up to the Parental Rights' Manual for negotiators produced by SACCAWU in 1 999. These publications have been the product of painful soul- searching. They are attempts to highlight the plight of women in the workplace and represent the uncompromising resolve of the union to challenge the inequalities and discrimination that workers, especially women, suffer as parents. This booklet is intended to assist negotiators, shop stewards and ordinary workers in knowing and exercising their parental rights. In order to win the struggle for parental rights, the understanding of worker rights must reach all the way to the shop floor. This booklet will help to make that understanding a reality. We wish to thank the commitment and dedication by all workers and union officials who have worked tirelessly for the realisation of the noble goal of parental rights and have forced the bosses to reason beyond dogmatic greed to maximise profits. Achievements won thus far have not been easy victories, nor can they be attributed to kindness or a change of heart by the employers. This booklet builds on our manual and further inspires us to translate our dreams into reality. We would like to thank everyone who contributed to the writing of this booklet, especially the SACCAWU Reference Group of Fihliwe Lusu, Brenita Cloete, Bella Maneli, Judy Piti, Abduragmann Jacobs, the SACCAWU National Gender Co-ordinator, Patricia Appolis, and those involved directly in production: John Pape of ILRIG, Meg Jordi, William Matlala, Rosie Campbell, Jon Berndt and Logo Print.
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- Date Issued: 2000
The development of a geomorphological classification system for the longitudinal zonation of South African rivers
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate , Wadeson, Roy A , O'Keeffe, Jay
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7082 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012338
- Description: The recognition of the Reserve by the new South African Water Law poses new challenges for river scientists. The ecological water requirement or environmental flow is recognised by that part of the Reserve known as the ecological Reserve. If the ecological Reserve is to be implemented, it must first be defined and quantified for all river systems subject to water related developments. Standard procedures are being developed through the Resource Directed Measures (RDM) of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry while monitoring the health of South Africa's rivers is taking place through the National River Health Programme (NRHP). Cost effective methods of developing spatial frameworks for both the RDM and NRHP are required. Concepts of longitudinal river zonation were developed by river ecologists in the 1960s and 1970s to assist in the classification of ecologically uniform stretches of rivers. This paper reviews the different zonation concepts and presents a geomorphological classification of South African river zones that is being applied to the RDM and NRHP. The classification is tested on three rivers, the Sabie, Buffalo and Olifants.
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- Date Issued: 2000
Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 2000
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8147 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007297
- Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony [at] 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 7 April 2000 at 10:30; 18:00 [and] Saturday, 8 April 2000 at 10:30 , Graduation Ceremony Guild Theatre, Oxford Street, East London Friday, 19 May 2000 at 18:00 [and] Saturday, 20 May 2000 at 14:30
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- Date Issued: 2000