"The French Imperial Nation-State":
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161376 , vital:40621
- Description: Book Review. The French Imperial Nation-State. By G Wilder (2005).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
A comparison of three techniques for fluorochrome marking of juvenile Clarias gariepinus otoliths
- Authors: Wartenberg, Reece , Booth, Anthony J , Weyl, Olaf L F
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123520 , vital:35450 , https://doi.10.3377/004.046.0119
- Description: African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), is widely distributed with a natural range that extends from southern Turkey to the Orange River, South Africa (Skelton 2001). In addition to translocations within its southerly range (Cambray 2003), Cambray (2005) noted that as a result of poor aquaculture practices and introductions from a number of unknown sources, C. gariepinus has now invaded South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Its life history characteristics include a fast growth rate to a maximum length of 1300mmtotal length (TL) (Bruton 1976), a high fecundity, an omnivorous diet and the ability to breathe air (de Moor & Bruton 1988; Cambray 2003). Understanding the biology and population dynamics of this invader would assist in its management and possibly eradication.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
A leopard's favourite spots: habitat preference and population density of leopards in a semi-arid biodiversity hotspot
- Authors: Mann, Gareth K H , O'Riain, M Justin , Parker, Daniel M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148584 , vital:38752 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104218
- Description: Leopards (Panthera pardus) are the only free-ranging large predators to still occur naturally throughout much of Africa, but are vulnerable to habitat loss, ecosystem degradation and persecution. We used a systematic camera trap survey covering an area of ∼3100 km2 in the Little Karoo, a semi-arid biodiversity hotspot in South Africa, to assess the impacts of land use and habitat type on leopard density. Camera data were supplemented by opportunistic scat collection to produce a habitat suitability model. We used a habitat suitability model to inform spatially explicit capture-recapture models used to estimate population density. We recorded 152 independent photographs of 27 individually recognizable leopards at 54 camera stations and collected scats from a further 76 locations. Our habitat suitability model showed that primary productivity and vegetation type were the best predictors of leopard habitat suitability. Our best performing population density model allowed for detection and movement of individuals to vary according to sex, and estimated population density at 1.26 (SE ± 0.25) leopards/100 km2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Acceptance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in a semi-rural population in South Africa:
- Authors: Chiwanza, Farisai , Irwin, Yoland , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/157072 , vital:40084 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v25i0.1336
- Description: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a valuable tool that helps in providing an insight into the diagnosis and management of hypertension; however, no evidence exists of its acceptance in the diverse South African population. We assessed the acceptance of an ambulatory blood pressure monitor in patients attending public sector primary health care (PHC) clinics. Five PHC clinics in the Makana subdistrict in the Eastern Cape.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Adult binge drinking: rate, frequency and intensity in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
- Authors: Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Goona, Daniel Ter , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Seekoea, Eunice
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4944 , vital:44305 , https://doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2017.1382970
- Description: This study was conducted to explore views about the execution of powers and functions of the police in the light of related challenges. This study made use of data from a total of 83 adult participants (a survey involving 73 individuals, and 10 in-depth interviews), including males and females of diverse occupational backgrounds from Bindura and Mount Darwin policing districts in Zimbabwe. A closed-ended, mostly Likert-scale-based questionnaire was used to collect data about the prevalent forms of police abuse of powers and functions, while an in-depth interview guide was provided to harvest information qualitatively. Findings reveal that police officers abuse their powers through unlawful arrests, arbitrary search and seizure, excessive use of force, unlawful methods of investigation, and ill treatment of detainees. Though not as prevalent as other forms of abuse, malicious criminal prosecution and partisan policing were also cited.K EYWOR DS: powers, abuse, function, police, Zimbabwe
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- Date Issued: 2018
An illustrated booklet for reinforcing community health worker knowledge of tuberculosis and facilitating patient counselling:
- Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156629 , vital:40032 , https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/1687/2559
- Description: Community health workers (CHWs) have facilitated the move to decentralize tuberculosis (TB) management, but lack access to information appropriate both for personal use and in patient interaction and education. To explore the impact of a pictorial-based TB booklet on reinforcing CHW knowledge and facilitating patient counselling.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
An illustrated booklet for reinforcing community health worker knowledge of tuberculosis and facilitating patient counselling:
- Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156585 , vital:40028 , https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/1687/2559
- Description: Community health workers (CHWs) have facilitated the move to decentralize tuberculosis (TB) management, but lack access to information appropriate both for personal use and in patient interaction and education. To explore the impact of a pictorial-based TB booklet on reinforcing CHW knowledge and facilitating patient counselling.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Application of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction in the synthesis of 3-[(N-cycloalkylbenzamido)methyl]-2-quinolones as potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors
- Authors: Sekgota, Khethobole C , Majumder, Swarup , Isaacs, Michelle , Mnkandhla, Dumisani , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Khanye, Setshaba D , Kriel, Frederik H , Coates, Judy , Kaye, Perry T
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66178 , vital:28913 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.09.015
- Description: publisher version , A practicable six-step synthetic pathway has been developed to access a library of novel 3-[(N-cycloalkylbenzamido)methyl]-2-quinolones using Morita-Baylis-Hillman methodology. These compounds and their 3-[(N-cycloalkylamino)methyl]-2-quinolone precursors have been screened as potential HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors. A concomitant survey of their activity against HIV-1 protease and reverse-transcriptase reveals selective inhibition of HIV-1 IN.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
Base-metal mineralization in alkaline pyroclastics: the Regenstein Vent, South West Africa
- Authors: Ferreira, C A M , Jacob, Roger E , Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1979
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/133220 , vital:36950 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10120750_1123
- Description: Geochemical analysis of soil samples taken from the area underlain by the Regenstein alkaline diatreme indicated potential areas for Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization, and these were subsequently proved by drilling. The pipelike body, emplaced into quartzites of the Damara Supergroup, consists of lithic and volcanic breccias. The breccias have been intruded, first by phonolite dykes, and then by numerous bodies of alkaline mafic and ultramafic rocks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
Between a cushion and a risky conversation: ARTS LOUNGE reviewed
- Authors: Baasch, Rachel M
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147703 , vital:38662 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2011.11877155
- Description: On the fringe of the National Arts Festival, at a point of transition between Rhodes University campus and the commercial side of Grahamstown, the walls of a former home and former horse-stable, now a research house, reverberate with the strain of cross-disciplinary, site-specific collaboration. The ARTS LOUNGE made its first official appearance at the Grahamstown National Arts Festival (ViPPA Research Center, Rhodes University) from 30 June to 9 July 2011. The ten-day event was organised by the Visual and Performing Arts of Africa Research (ViPPA) team in collaboration with musicians, artists, writers, performers and members of the public.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Bioelectrocatalysis and surface analysis of gold coated with nickel oxide/hydroxide and glucose oxidase towards detection of glucose:
- Authors: Njoko, Nqobile , Louzada, Marcel , Britton, Jonathan , Khene, Samson M , Nyokong, Tebello , Mashazi, Philani N
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150071 , vital:38937 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110981
- Description: The fabricating of metal oxide thin films onto conducting surfaces continues to grow and their potential applications as surfaces for biosensor applications is of paramount importance. The correct orientation of glucose oxidase redox enzymes yields very important biointerfaces capable of selectively detecting D-glucose as a measure of blood sugar for healthy and diabetic sick patients. The electrodeposition of redox enzymes, such as glucose oxidase enzymes, onto gold electrode surfaces pre-modified with nickel oxide was investigated in this work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Biological activity of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Pleurotus tuber-regium hybrid and mutant strains
- Authors: Bamigboye, Comfort Olukemi , Oloke, Julius Kola , Dames, Joanna Felicity
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69056 , vital:29376 , http://pubs.sciepub.com/jfnr/4/7/2/
- Description: Publisher version , Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer (1951) is a unique sclerotium-forming edible and medicinal mushroom. Interestingly, both the sclerotium and mushroom are edible and are often used for curing various ailments. Previous studies have focused on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) from wild P. tuber-regium. There has been no report on the intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) of the wild mycelia, likewise there is very meager information on the improvement of the perceived potentials of P. tuber-regium. This research study analysed the EPS and IPS fractions of P. tuber-regium hybrid and mutant strains. The antimicrobial potential of the IPS and EPS fractions, their scavenging activity on 1, 1-diphenyl–2picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and Hydroxyl radicals were also determined. Both IPS and EPS fractions of P. tuber-regium hybrids and mutants showed increased DPPH and hydroxyl scavenging activity over the wild P. tuber-regium with an EC50 mostly 1 mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity of the IPS from a mutant strain had an IC50 of 15.6 mg/ml compared to the wild type (18.75 mg /ml). This study showed that selected mutant and hybrids of P. tuber-regium had increased radical scavenging activity indicating potentially increased biological activity that could offer increased benefit as a neutraceutical.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Biological control of Salvinia molesta in South Africa revisited
- Authors: Martin, Grant D , Coetzee, Julie A , Weyl, Philip S R , Parkinson, Matthew C , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/103878 , vital:32318 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.06.011
- Description: The aquatic weed Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch. (Salviniaceae) was first recorded in South Africa in the early 1900s, and by the 1960s was regarded as one of South Africa’s worst aquatic weeds. Following the release of the weevil, Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in 1985, the weed is now considered under successful biological control. However, the post-release evaluation of this biological control programme has been ad hoc, therefore, to assess the efficacy of the agent, annual quantitative surveys of South African freshwater systems have been undertaken since 2008. Over the last ten years, of the 57 S. molesta sites visited annually in South Africa, the weevil has established at all of them. Eighteen sites are under successful biological control, where the weed no longer poses a threat to the system and 19 are under substantial biological control, where biological control has reduced the impact of the weed. Since 2008, the average percentage weed cover at sites has declined significantly from 51–100% cover to 0–5% cover in 2017 (R2 = 0.78; P < 0.05). Observations of site-specific characteristics suggest that biological control is most effective at small sites and more difficult at larger and shaded sites. Our findings show that S. molesta remains under good biological control in South Africa, however, some sites require intermittent strategic management, such as augmentative releases of C. salviniae.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Comfortably numb: Crump unveiled—a review of the 2011 Alan Crump retrospective exhibitio
- Authors: Cooper, Paul S
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147924 , vital:38685 , DOI:10.1080/00043389.2011.11877152
- Description: Writing can at times be difficult. It is not without considerable anxiety that I undertake to write this particular review. Perhaps I should offer a short qualifier: this is not strictly a review but rather a collection of ideas around the works and their arrangement, as well as my own musings and reflections on Crump. I want to pick up on what I identify to be an approach that personalises Crump as a professor, colleague and artist (we find this tone embedded throughout the accompanying exhibition catalogue). 1 I have chosen to structure this essay using a series of trigger headings, some provocative and possibly even inflammatory, others more neutral and concerned with getting to the core of what this retrospective and posthumous show is all about. All the while my thinking is to channel a sense (or lack thereof, as it may turn out) of my own experience of his work and person.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Compounds isolation and biological activities of Piptadeniastrum africanum (hook. f.) Brennan (Fabaceae) roots:
- Authors: Teinkela, Jean E M , Noundou, Xavier S , Mimba, Jeanne E Z , Meyer, Franck , Tabouguia, Octavie M , Nguedia, Jules C A , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Krause, Rui W M , Wintjens, René , Azebaze, Anatole G B
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150084 , vital:38938 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112716
- Description: The dicotyledonous plant Piptadeniastrum africanum (hook.f.) Brennan (Fabaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat various human complaints including bronchitis, coughing, urino-genital ailments, meningitis, abdominal pain, treatment of wounds, malaria and gastrointestinal ailments, and is used as a purgative and worm expeller. The present study describes the phytochemical investigation and the determination of the antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities of crude extract, fractions and compounds extracted from Piptadeniastrum africanum roots.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Congruence between fine-scale genetic breaks and dispersal potential in an estuarine seaweed across multiple transition zones:
- Authors: Nicastro, Katy R , Assis, Jorge , Serrão, Ester A , Pearson, Gareth A , Neiva, Joao , Valero, Myriam , Jacinto, Rita , Zardi, Gerardo I
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149873 , vital:38908 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1093/icesjms/fsz179
- Description: Genetic structure in biogeographical transition zones can be shaped by several factors including limited dispersal across barriers, admixture following secondary contact, differential selection, and mating incompatibility. A striking example is found in Northwest France and Northwest Spain, where the estuarine seaweed Fucus ceranoides L. exhibits sharp, regional genetic clustering. This pattern has been related to historical population fragmentation and divergence into distinct glacial refugia, followed by post-glacial expansion and secondary contact. The contemporary persistence of sharp ancient genetic breaks between nearby estuaries has been attributed to prior colonization effects (density barriers) but the effect of oceanographic barriers has not been tested. Here, through a combination of mesoscale sampling (15 consecutive populations) and population genetic data (mtIGS) in NW France, we define regional genetic disjunctions similar to those described in NW Iberia. Most importantly, using high resolution dispersal simulations for Brittany and Iberian populations, we provide evidence for a central role of contemporary hydrodynamics in maintaining genetic breaks across these two major biogeographic transition zones. Our findings further show the importance of a comprehensive understanding of oceanographic regimes in hydrodynamically complex coastal regions to explain the maintenance of sharp genetic breaks along continuously populated coastlines.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Conspecific alarm cue sensitivity by the estuarine calanoid copepod, Paracartia longipatella
- Authors: Wasserman, Ryan J , Kramer, Rachel , Vink, Tim J F , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68062 , vital:29194 , https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12135
- Description: Publisher version , Sensitivity to chemical cues associated with predation threat has been well observed in many freshwater zooplankters, yet few studies have highlighted such sensitivity in eury- and stenohaline metazoans. We aimed to assess sensitivity to conspecific chemical alarm cues in the estuarine copepod, Paracartia longipatella. Alarm cues associated with predation have been shown to have population level effects on certain zooplanktonic species. As such, we assessed the occurrence of such effects on population dynamics of P.longipatella over a 12 day period. Using experimental in situ mesocosms, we compared P.longipatella adult, copepodite and nauplii numbers between three treatments; one inoculated with conspecific alarm cues, one containing direct predation pressure (zooplanktivorous fish), and a control treatment containing no predation threat. Trends in population abundances were similar between the direct predation and alarm cue treatments for the six days of the experiment, decreasing in abundance. During the latter half of the study, however, P.longipatella abundances in the alarm cue treatment increased, while those in the presence of direct predation continued to decrease. In the treatment absent of any predation threat, P.longipatella abundances increased consistently over time for the duration of the study. We suggest that P.longipatella are indeed sensitive to conspecific alarm cues associated with predation threat. Furthermore, we propose that prolonged exposure to conspecific alarm cues in the absence of any real threat results in a reduction in sensitive to these cues.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2014
Cytotoxicity of triterpenoids from Clerodendrum glabrum against triple negative breast cancer cells in vitro:
- Authors: Teclegeorgish, Zecarias W , Mokgalaka, Ntebogeng S , Vukea, Nyeleti , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Tembu, Vuyelwa J
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161511 , vital:40634 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.07.009
- Description: Clerodendrum glabrum is an indigenous medicinal plant that is used to treat cough, cold, sore throat and chest complaints. The stem bark of Clerodendrum glabrum afforded four tritepenoids namely, 3β-olean-12-en-3-yl palmitate (β-amyrin palmitate), (1), 3β hydroxy 5-glutinene (glutinol), (2), 3β-lup-20(29)-en-3-palmitate (Lupeol-3-palmitate), (3), 3β-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol (lupeol) (4) and one common phytosterol (stigmasterol) (5). The structures were established on the basis of their spectroscopic analysis. The compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against the HCC70 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), MCF-7 hormone receptor positive breast cancer and MCF-12A non-cancerous mammary epithelial cell lines.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Debunking the myth of lack of vocabulary for teaching content knowledge in primary schools: exploring terminology for science in Ekegusii of Kenya
- Authors: Mose, Peter
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150095 , vital:38939 , DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2020.1733827
- Description: The language-in-education policy to teach in mother tongues at lower primary level is not adhered to by classroom teachers in Kenya due to, among other reasons, lack of content terminology. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that mother tongues can be used to teach science up to the end of grade three, considering the nature of topics for this level and other extra-classroom realities. Our research objectives were to examine the nature and content of science topics and sub-topics from grade one to grade three; examine conceptual and technical terms in grade one to grade three science textbooks; describe the Ekegusii equivalents of these terms; and explain the feasibility of teaching science in Ekegusii up to the end of grade three.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Deriving an optimal threshold of waist circumference for detecting cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan Africa
- Authors: Longo–Mbenza, Benjamin , K Ekoru, GAV Murphy, EH Young, H Delisle, CS Jerome , F Assah, JPD Nzambi, JBK On'Kin , F Buntix, MC Muyer, DL Christensen, CS Wesseh, A Sabir, C Okafor, ID Gezawa, F Puepet, O Enang, T Raimi, E Ohwovoriole, OO Oladapo, P Bovet, W Mollentze, N Unwin, WK Gray, R Walker K Agoudavi, S Siziya, J Chifamba, M Njelekela, CM Fourie, S Kruger, AE Schutte, C Walsh, D Gareta, A Kamali, J Seeley, SA Norris NJ Crowther, D Pillay, P Kaleebu, AA Motala and MS Sandhu on behalf of the African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research (APCDR)
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5389 , vital:44560 , https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2017240
- Description: BACKGROUND: Waist circumference (WC) thresholds derived from western populations continue to be used in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite increasing evidence of ethnic variation in the association between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease and availability of data from African populations. We aimed to derive a SSA-specific optimal WC cut-point for identifying individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: We used individual level cross-sectional data on 24 181 participants aged ⩾15 years from 17 studies conducted between 1990 and 2014 in eight countries in SSA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to derive optimal WC cutpoints for detecting the presence of at least two components of metabolic syndrome (MS), excluding WC. RESULTS: The optimal WC cut-point was 81.2 cm (95% CI 78.5–83.8 cm) and 81.0 cm (95% CI 79.2–82.8 cm) for men and women, respectively, with comparable accuracy in men and women. Sensitivity was higher in women (64%, 95% CI 63–65) than in men (53%, 95% CI 51–55), and increased with the prevalence of obesity. Having WC above the derived cut-point was associated with a twofold probability of having at least two components of MS (age-adjusted odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 2.4–2.9, for men and 2.2, 95% CI 2.0–2.3, for women). CONCLUSION: The optimal WC cut-point for identifying men at increased cardiometabolic risk is lower (⩾81.2 cm) than current guidelines (⩾94.0 cm) recommend, and similar to that in women in SSA. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these cut-points based on cardiometabolic outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018