- Title
- Investigation into the biological removal of sulphate from ethanol distillery wastewater using sulphate-reducing prokaryotes
- Creator
- Smuts, Lizl
- Subject
- Sewage -- Purification -- Biological treatment
- Subject
- Prokaryotes
- Subject
- Sulfates
- Subject
- Distilleries -- Waste disposal
- Date Issued
- 2005
- Date
- 2005
- Type
- Thesis
- Type
- Masters
- Type
- MSc
- Identifier
- vital:3941
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004000
- Identifier
- Sewage -- Purification -- Biological treatment
- Identifier
- Prokaryotes
- Identifier
- Sulfates
- Identifier
- Distilleries -- Waste disposal
- Description
- Ethanol production wastewater is known to be toxic, and is not easily biodegradable. It also consists of a variety of coloured components adding to the complex composition of this wastewater. Disposal of this wastewater into water courses is not recommended and yet is performed all over the world. Investigation of this wastewater found that there was a high concentration of sulphate which, in the presence of sulphate-reducing prokaryotes can cause sulphide corrosion of cement. The concentration of sulphate in the wastewater was approximately 2770 mg/L. It was also found that the wastewater pH was very low and discharge of the wastewater into the wastewater treatment works caused a negative impact on the overall quality of the final wastewater discharged to sea. It was found using FISH techniques that there were no sulphate-reducing prokaryotes present in the wastewaters but that a sulphate-reducing population existed on the sewer wall. An anaerobic contact process was designed to treat this wastewater targeting sulphate reduction to sulphide, to be converted into elemental sulphur and to increase the wastewater pH. The process did not achieve this aim and only approximately 20-30 % reduction in sulphate from the wastewater was achieved with little to no change in the pH. A 95 % reduction in sulphate concentration was needed in order to reach acceptable discharge limits. Sulphate reduction could not be carried out, even under ideal laboratory conditions. It was found that the barrier causing the digester failure was the high concentration of phenols present in the wastewater (3.3 g/L) together with the production of high concentrations of volatile fatty acids (on average 13 g acetic/L). These two components are known to cause digester failure, especially phenols, and phenols are usually only degraded by fungal species. It was concluded that the wastewater itself was not amenable to this method of biological treatment.
- Format
- xi, 138 p.
- Format
- Publisher
- Rhodes University
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology
- Language
- English
- Rights
- Smuts, Lizl
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RU Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology (end of 2014)
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