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Foro bana

A case study of the implementation of the communicative approach to English second language progress testing in one secondary school in the Alexandria Circuit of the Eastern Cape Department of Education

  • Authors: Ssemakalu, John
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: Communicative competence , Communicative competence in children , English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Language and languages -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Second language acquisition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002645 , Communicative competence , Communicative competence in children , English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Language and languages -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Second language acquisition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Description: This study explores the implementation of the communicative approach (CA) to English second language progress testing in an African secondary school which falls under the Eastern Cape Department of Education. The goal of the research is to establish how teachers access, conceptualise, and apply the CA to language testing in their specific working conditions. The report of the findings of the research reveals that teachers' understanding of the CA to testing differs from that of the linguists, curriculum designers, innovators, and syllabus writers. This is caused by a combination of factors including teachers' poor working conditions, the lack of focused pre-service training and effective in-service structures for their empowennent as the agents of innovation, coupled with the poor circulation and a lack of clarity in official documents on the CA to language testing. These constraints made it impossible for teachers to implement the CA to language testing. In order to carry on with their work, however, teachers developed coping strategies by drawing, probably unconsciously, on a mixture of structuralist, sociolinguistic-psycholinguistic, communicative and any other testing practices they may have acquired during their years of service. Although based only on one school, the findings of this study indicate that for fundamental innovations such as the CA to take root, there is a need for the adoption of more dedicated, reflective implementation strategies involving proper planning and monitoring, as well as evaluation and re-evaluation of the entire process. This necessarily slow process must go hand-in-hand with a dedicated pre-service and in-service empowerment program based on consultative communication between innovator and agent; and a persuasive education/re-education approach which will encourage teachers to change their entrenched practices.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Countertransference in rape counselling

  • Authors: Whyle, Susan Lynn
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: Countertransference (Psychology) -- Therapeutic use , Rape victims -- Counseling of
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:3085 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002594 , Countertransference (Psychology) -- Therapeutic use , Rape victims -- Counseling of
  • Description: The study examined rape counselling, with particular emphasis on countertransference reactions experienced by the counsellors of rape survivors. Four subjects participated in semi-focused, open-ended interviews, which were taped and transcribed verbatim. The phenomenon of countertransference was discussed, and countertransference reactions identified and examined. The management of empathic strain, in order to sustain empathic inquiry and therapeutic efficacy, was discussed. The main results of the study included the identification of common victim themes, and the feelings evoked in the counsellor in the therapeutic relationship. These included feelings of anger, hopelessness, helplessness and sadness, particularly in the counselling of children, who may be HIV positive as a result of the attack, and victims of chronic abuse. Challenges of rape counselling included shortcomings in the system, and rape myths which trivialize the crime and blame the victim. The need for education and enlightenment of both the public and magistrates on the deleterious effects of rape was emphasized by all subjects.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

The requirements for accurate analysis of pharmaceutical research at South African Universities

  • Authors: Haigh, John M , Smith, Eric W
  • Date: 1998
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: vital:6367 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006067
  • Description: International Pharmaceutical Abstracts is a valuable database for pharmaceutical research, although the multisiciplinary nature of this field implies that the database should only be the starting point of a search. This database is totally inappropriate for comparing outputs of individual pharmacy teaching institutions.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Chromametry: measuring precision of diurnal and local variation of human forearm skin colour

  • Authors: Schwarb, Fabian P , Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M , Surber, Christian
  • Date: 1998
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference paper
  • Identifier: vital:6343 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006610
  • Description: Chromameters are compact portable instruments used for the assessment of surface colour based on the tristimulus analysis of a reflected xenon light pulse, and have been used for the quantification of erythema in the study of irritant dermatitis, and corticosteroid-induced skin blanching in the vasoconstriction assay. The variability and the reproducibility of chromameter results were investigated since it is known that the location and application force of the measuring head on the skin and the orthostatic maneuver of the arms influence the colour measurement. Furthermore the diurnal variation and the homogeneity of forearm skin colour were investigated.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

NUM - Induction course participants manual

  • Authors: NUM
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: NUM
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149554 , vital:38863
  • Description: This Induction Course is the most important education programme in the National Union of Mineworkers. It is the beginning of a development programme for shaft/shop stewards as cadres of the labour movement and cadres of the working class movement. The Induction Course is part of a programme to organise, deepen organisational understanding, raise class-consciousness and develop working class leadership. Once a shaft/shop steward has completed the course, he/she must demand progression through the intermediate course to the leadership school. Development and desire for selfgrowth should be in the hands of stewards themselves. We train shaft/shop stewards because we are committed to ensuring that Mine and Energy workers themselves determine their destiny. They must lead and control their own union. This can only become reality if it translates into these workers taking over all strategic positions in the union. The Induction Course must instill ambition and make our members develop dreams about the union.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Employment equity - An 1 Introductory Workshop for Trade Unionists Organised by the COSATU Education Department

  • Authors: COSATU
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: COSATU
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/171887 , vital:42135
  • Description: This workshop is designed to give you a reliable introduction the Employment Equity Act. It is based on hard information and on ACTIVITIES or discussion exercises that will help you to understand how the Act works, who it covers, and what the implications are for trade unionists. Each of the Activities is complemented with information that will help you to understand the Act in more detail. Sections have been added to help you find further information, and to understand the terms that are used in the Act itself. In a two day programme, you are not going to be an 'expert' on the Employment Equity Act, but we hope that you will feel more confident about using the Act, especially in ensuring that it is used to address a wide range of discriminatory practices at the workplace. As with most legislation, the more that you begin to use it, the more its strengths and weaknesses will emerge. It is very important that any weaknesses in the practical application of the Act are reported through your Union to the Federation. This will help the Federation to campaign for improvements in the legislation, and to close any loopholes that allow employers to avoid their responsibilities.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Women's experience of abortion : a qualitative study

  • Authors: Taylor, Gaye Lesley
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: Abortion , Abortion -- South Africa , Women -- Counseling of
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
  • Identifier: vital:708 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006522 , Abortion , Abortion -- South Africa , Women -- Counseling of
  • Description: Abortion is an emotive topic that always raises strong feelings. The purpose of this study, however, is not to focus on the religious, political or moral questions surrounding abortion. Abortion is a reality and in South Africa, where it has only recently become legal, there is a need to have an understanding of the effects on women in order to provide counselling services. There is also a need to provide services for the many women who have had illegal terminations in the past. This study reviewed the most recent literature on the subject and the researcher takes the view that although the scientific literature states there is little long term psychological effect of abortion, the non-positivist literature which records women's experiences tells another story. Some of the problems with the scientific literature is that psychological effects are not defined and there may be political motivation for the study, ie. an attempt is made to prove that the health costs are not high for abortion because there is little long term effect. The researcher, however, feels this does a disservice to women who have had abortions because there is a failure to provide counselling services. Some members of the feminist movement also deserve criticism because in their haste to give women their rights they fail to allow a woman to thoroughly explore her options beforehand and to provide support services afterwards. The researcher, however, also identified a new theme in the literature which has been called a maturing of the feminist viewpoint that along with the right to abortion, women also have a right to the mixed feelings that go with making, what is for many, a very painful decision. There is a recognition that abortion is about loss and thus there is a corresponding need to acknowledge women's need to mourn and to provide services. The study does not include the experience of women who seek abortions for reasons of poverty. It also excludes the experience of women who have abortions as a result of rape, incest or harm to the foetus. It is a qualitative study and a non-probability sampling technique which comprised snowball and purposive methods was used to identify respondents. In-depth semi-structured interviews using a broad theme of questions were conducted with five respondents. The women were asked to tell the stories of their abortions: their and their partner's feelings before and after, how they decided and the actual experience. They were also asked to identify counselling requirements, what they found helpful and what would have helped. The literature and the findings support the researcher's view that women who find themselves with an unexpected pregnancy need an opportunity to objectively consider all their options, namely keeping the baby, adoption or abortion, and to have an objective counsellor assist them in vigorously considering these. If they decide on a termination they need to be given as much information as possible about the procedure and about how they are likely to feel. Afterwards counselling should be made available and women should be encouraged to use the service. They need to be assisted to explore all ways of coming to terms with it such as through dream work, dialogueing with the unborn child through a letter and for those with religious beliefs seeking absolution from the church. There is a great need for a Christian and other religious ministry in this regard. Self-help therapies such as support groups can also be helpful
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Umzi kaMzwandile

Moses Molelekwa interview

Aspects of renormalisation in some quantum field theories

  • Authors: Roy, Alan A
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: Quantum field theory , Renormalization group
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:5400 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005214 , Quantum field theory , Renormalization group
  • Description: Renormalisation is an important aspect of Quantum Field Theory. It is used to create physically meaningful theories and some major developments took place in the 1970's and onwards. We consider Renormalisation in its application to the theories of ψ⁴ , Quantum Electrodynamics, Quantum Chromodynamics and the Background Field Method. Feynman diagrams are used to illustrate many of the concepts.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

The effects of night work and task diversification on efficiency of performance

  • Authors: Munton, Lynne Kerry
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: Night work -- Evaluation , Shift systems , Performance
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:5175 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018253
  • Description: This study investigated the effects of night work on performance efficiency. Night work is generally acknowledged to impair performance, yet much research has contradicted this assertion. The feasibility of including brief periods of physical activity to stimulate arousal within mentally demanding work shifts was also evaluated. Thirty six postgraduate volunteers were assigned to either the cognitive tasks (CT) or cognitive and motor tasks (CMT) group. All subjects performed three psycho-motor tests, using the Vienna Test System, at midday and midnight. The CMT group performed a short cycling activity before each test. Heart rate responses served as physiological measures, the Perceived Strain Scale was used to quantify individual perceptions of strain and performance efficiency was assessed in terms of speed and accuracy. Although several trends were apparent, no significant differences (p < 0.05) were revealed with respect to the three performance variables between the midday and midnight test sessions, or between the CT and CMT subjects, other than the higher heart rates recorded in the CMT group. In summary, neither time of day nor physical activity were found to affect performance within the controlled environment of this study.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Faso Den Kulu

HIV and metaphor: an imaginative response to illness

  • Authors: Cardo, Julia Claire
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: HIV infections , Metaphor -- Psychological aspects , Imagery (Psychology) -- Therapeutic use
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2945 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002454 , HIV infections , Metaphor -- Psychological aspects , Imagery (Psychology) -- Therapeutic use
  • Description: The medical model has been criticised for its failure to attend to individuals' experience of illness and the meaning they attribute to illness. HIV / AIDS has challenged its adequacy and brought the question of meaning in illness into sharp focus. This study aimed to understand what it means to live with HIV by exploring the fantasies, images and metaphors that make up the depth of such an experience. Phenomenology was deemed the appropriate approach, as it assigns epistemological significance to metaphor and ontological primacy to the lifeworld. An interview guide was fashioned from existing phenomenological literature and in-depth interviews were conducted with eight HIV -infected individuals. Five protocols were selected to constitute the study. In addition, an audio tape recording of one individual's metaphorical dialogue with HIV was obtained and transcribed. The three protocols with the richest content of imagery and metaphor were subjected to phenomenological explication. The remaining two protocols were used to support and clarify emergent meaning. A phenomenological explication of the data revealed a number of salient metaphors and themes. Upon being diagnosed with HIV, individuals were confronted with a socially and institutionally prescribed understanding of the disease; HIV as synonymous with AIDS and immediate death, HIV as sexual deviance, and HIV as myth. These metaphors influenced their conceptualisation and handling of HIV. Individual embodied metaphors included: embodying a heart of stone to live with HIV and perceiving HIV as a punishment from God, a demon from the Devil, a death sentence and a torture. Affectively, the experience of HIV was constituted as fear of physical disfigurement and exposure, anxiety, vulnerability, anger, betrayal, injustice and isolation. In a process of resolution and transformation, individuals imbibed positive metaphors with which to continue living with HIV. In order to cope with HIV, individuals seemed to negotiate a metaphorical space in which to dwell with their virus. This entailed establishing some form of dialogue with HIV or a Higher Power. This study revealed that metaphorical thinking about HIV /AIDS has a powerful impact on individuals' embodiment of their world. Metaphor is also an effective means Clf conveying and eliciting meaning in the experience of illness. Based upon these findings, it was suggested that metaphor be a prime focus for future research endeavours.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

Paris 95

  • Authors: TP Audiorama Orchestra (performers) , Showbiz
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Cote d'Ivoire Abidjan f-iv
  • Language: French
  • Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129596 , vital:36310 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC30-05
  • Description: Ako music from Cote d'Ivoire performed by the TP Audiorama Orchestra, the first orchestra to develp this genre of Ivorian music
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1998

Ngqokolo

Mali Dje

Analysis of chromameter results obtained from corticosteroid-induced skin blanching. I. Manipulation of data

  • Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M , Walker, Roderick B
  • Date: 1998
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: vital:6424 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006559
  • Description: Purpose. One of the unresolved issues in the FDA Guidance document for topical corticosteroid bioequivalence testing is the method of manipulation suggested for the chromameter data. The purpose of this study was to manipulate the instrumental data from a typical blanching study in a number of ways to investigate the appropriateness of these procedures for comparison with the subjective visually-assessed results. Methods. The human skin blanching assay methodology routinely practiced in our laboratories was utilised and the vasoconstriction produced by two corticosteroid formulations of different potency was assessed visually and instrumentally by use of a Minolta chromameter. The instrumental data were corrected for zero-time and unmedicated site readings. In addition, Euclidean distances were calculated using all data generated by the instrument. Results. Individually the a-, b- and L-scale chromameter values are imprecise and there is negligible vasoconstriction response recorded for the moderately potent formulation. Arithmetical manipulation of the data as suggested by the FDA does not appear to improve the quality of the data in any way. Euclidean distance analysis more closely resembles the visual data and appears to have better precision. Conclusions. It is clear that mathematical correction of chromameter data is unnecessary, especially since the instrumental data are extremely imprecise. Furthermore, the assessment of each individual chromameter index does not adequately characterise the blanching response profile. It is therefore suggested that Euclidean distance may be a better measure on which to base an analysis of bioequivalence than the truncated data set methodology currently suggested by the FDA.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1998

Novasum' Tsholo

Clarence Ford interview

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