Household fuelwood use in small electrified towns of the Makana District, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Gambiza, James , Jones, R
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182362 , vital:43823 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i4a3394"
- Description: Access to secure energy supplies is a key foundation for sustainable development. Consequently local planning and development initiatives must be based on a sound knowledge of the energy use patterns and preferences of local users. This paper reports on such for three small urban settlements in the Eastern Cape Province, with a particular focus on fuelwood use. Despite widespread electrification over a decade ago, and perceptions that the ease of fuelwood collection was declining, most households continued to use fuelwood for cooking and space heating, whereas electricity was favoured for lighting. The most common reason for this was because fuelwood was cheap (or free) compared to electricity. Annual demand was approximately 1 450 kg per household per year. Households that collected their own supplies of fuelwood were significantly poorer than those that either bought their stocks, or those that did not use fuelwood at all. Indigenous species were favoured over exotic species, although fuelwood vendors traded mostly in exotic species, particularly Eucalyptus and wattle. The greater reliance of poorer and unelectrified households on fuelwood requires that local authorities consider this in energy planning, otherwise the poor will be neglected in policies such as the Free Basic Electricity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Household wealth status and natural resource use in the Kat River valley, South Africa
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Shackleton, Sheona E
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181301 , vital:43717 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.011"
- Description: Much work has demonstrated the significant role and value of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the livelihoods of rural people in southern Africa and elsewhere. The findings provide a mean or composite picture, averaged across the sample households within each community. Yet, within any given community, there is significant socio-economic differentiation. It is important to acknowledge such differentiation when considering policy and management interventions to support rural livelihoods and promote sustainable resource use. This paper reports on a study in South Africa, the objective of which was to explore wealth-related differences and similarities in the use and value of NTFPs. Data on NTFP consumption, purchase, and sale were collected from households in three rural villages. Households were divided into three wealth classes and patterns of NTFPs use between the classes examined. There was no difference in the proportions of households in each wealth class using NTFPs, nor the total number of NTFPs used per household. Yet, there was some supporting evidence that poorer households derive greater benefits from NTFPs than do wealthy or intermediate households. One clear difference was that, with increasing wealth, households purchased significantly more NTFPs, and a greater proportion of wealthy households did so. Conversely, a greater proportion of poor households were involved in the sale of one or more NTFPs, and they sold a greater number per household, compared to wealthy and intermediate households. Detailed examination of use and value of four NTFPs (fuelwood, wild fruits, edible herbs, and grass hand brushes) revealed that in all instances, the poorest households used more of the resource per capita than the other wealth classes. This was not the case for comparisons based on the total household as the unit of analysis. Gross annual direct-use value did not differ between the wealth classes for any of the four NTFPs examined, at the household level. But on a per capita basis, a significantly higher gross annual direct-use value was evident within poorer households for fuelwood and edible herbs. The significance of these differences is discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Household attributes promote diversity of tree holdings in rural areas, South Africa:
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Paumgarten, Fiona , Cocks, Michelle L
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141301 , vital:37960 , DOI: 10.1007/s10457-007-9066-5
- Description: Trees within the homestead area provide many functions to rural households. However, within the semi-arid regions of southern Africa, there has been only limited examination of the correlates between the socio-economic attributes of rural households and the density, species richness and types of trees they keep. This paper reports on a multivariate analysis of household attributes in relation to homestead tree holdings from six rural villages in South Africa. In terms of density of trees per household, gender of the household head was the only significant correlate, with female-headed households having significantly fewer trees than their male-headed counterparts. This was especially so for the density of indigenous trees.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Research portfolio
- Authors: Shaanika, E N
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Education -- Namibia Arts -- Study and teaching -- Namibia Culture -- Study and teaching -- Namibia Teachers -- Training of -- Namibia Curriculum planning -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1735 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003618
- Description: This study is a contextual analysis and evaluation of the Arts-in-Culture curriculum at Ongwediva College of Education. Arts-in-Culture is one of the core subjects in the Basic Education Teacher Diploma (BETD)’s Broad Curriculum. At colleges such as Ongwediva, Caprivi and Rundu, student teachers study Arts as a core subject, while at Windhoek College of Education it can be studied as either a major or a core subject. In this study, I have raised some questions: Why is it that at Ongwediva College, the status of Arts-in-Culture is still low in comparison to other curriculum subjects like sciences and languages? Do student teachers and teacher educators fully understand how to assess the subject? Is the syllabus open for everyone? Is the learning environment conducive to offering the subject? Do the syllabus; learning environment, teacher educators and student teachers promote the goals of education for all? This study first gives the historical background of the subject. The background is of a diverse nature, namely African Indigenous Arts education, Black Arts education under the missionaries, Black Arts education under the South Africa Regime and Arts Education in the current Namibian reform dispensation. Second, the data collecting methodologies of this study are discussed. This includes how I collected information, who I contacted to collect this information, the tools I used to collect data, when and where I used them, why they were used and how they were used, the difficulties or problems I encountered and what I have learned about myself during the process. The third part of this study is the analysis of my findings from the participants interviewed and the fourth is how I have tried to link these different sections together. The last part of the paper is my conclusion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
An investigation into problems facing small-to-medium sized enterprises in achieving growth in the Eastern Cape : enhancing the strategy for developing small 'growth potential' firms in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Sha, Shafeek
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Small business -- Management , Small business -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Small business -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Growth , Business enterprises -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1173 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002789 , Small business -- Management , Small business -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Small business -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Growth , Business enterprises -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: As the world economy continues to move towards increased integration, some of the greatest opportunities for Small-to-Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) will derive from their ability to participate in the global marketplace. It is generally accepted that SMEs are becoming increasingly important in terms of employment, wealth creation, and the development of innovation. However, there are considerable doubts about the quality of management in this sector with policy-makers suggesting that there are particular weaknesses in innovation, a lack of financial acumen, marketing, entrepreneurial flair, practical knowledge, and human resource management. As a result, many firms do not reach their full potential and fail to grow. According to organisational life cycle models, the introductory phase is particularly important since it is generally known and accepted that there is a high mortality rate of SMEs within the first two years. Given this high failure rate, it becomes vital to research the factors/characteristics/management abilities that are required to enable the SME to survive and indeed progress to the growth phase of the organizational life cycle. This research seeks to investigate the internal and external factors that are consistent in the success of SMEs who have reached the growth phase. A significant contribution to the enhancement of the growth potential of a firm will be made through the understanding of these factors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
The effect of Ge, Si and Sn phthalocyanine photosensitizers on cell proliferation and viability of human oesophageal carcinoma cells
- Authors: Seotsanyana-Mokhosi, Itumeleng , Kresfelder, Tina , Abrahamse, Heidi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286115 , vital:56241 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.12.004"
- Description: The photodynamic activity of water soluble mixed sulfonated metallophthalocyanines complexes: GePcSmix, SnPcSmix and SiPcSmix on human oesophageal carcinoma (SNO) cells are reported, and compared with the activity of the unmetallated H2PcSmix and of the newly synthesized water soluble adjacently substituted binaphthalo phthalocyanine (complex 3). The alkaline phosphate (ALP) showed damage to the cell membrane in the presence of complex 3 without irradiation. The GePcSmix complex caused a relatively large increase in inflammation and a high intracellular ATP.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Electrocatalysis of oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine and reduced glutathione by adsorbed and electrodeposited cobalt tetra phenoxypyrrole and tetra ethoxythiophene substituted phthalocyanines
- Authors: Sehlotho, Nthapo , Nyokong, Tebello , Zagal, Jose H , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6593 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004342
- Description: Catalytic activity of cobalt tetra ethoxythiophene and cobalt tetra phenoxypyrrole phthalocyanine complexes towards oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine and reduced glutathione is reported. It was found that the activity of the complexes depends on the substitution of the phthalocyanine ring, pH, film thickness and method of electrode modification. The high electrocatalytic activity obtained with adsorbed complexes in alkaline medium clearly demonstrates the necessity of modifying bare carbon electrodes to endow them with the desired behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Electrocatalytic oxidation of thiocyanate, L-cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol by self-assembled monolayer of cobalt tetraethoxy thiophene phthalocyanine
- Authors: Sehlotho, Nthapo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/283814 , vital:55993 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.024"
- Description: Catalytic activity of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of cobalt tetra ethoxythiophene phthalocyanine (CoTEThPc-SAM) complex towards oxidation of thiocyanate (SCN−), L-cysteine (CYS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is reported. The oxidation of thiocyanate occurs via a two electron transfer, whereas L-cysteine and 2-ME require 1 electron. The oxidation of thiocyanate is catalysed by ring based processes, while L-cysteine is catalysed by both CoIII/CoII process and by ring based processes. 2-ME is catalysed by CoIII/CoII process. The oxidation of thiocyanate on CoTEThPc was performed in acid media instead of basic media commonly employed. The reaction order was found to be unity for all the analytes, showing that only one molecule of analyte interacts with one molecule of the catalyst during the rate determining step.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Effects of ring substituents on electrocatalytic activity of manganese phthalocyanines towards the reduction of molecular oxygen
- Authors: Sehlotho, Nthapo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6594 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004343
- Description: Reduction of oxygen electrocatalyzed by adsorbed films of manganese phthalocyanine complexes is reported. The complexes studied were: manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc, 1); manganese tetraamino phthalocyanine (MnTAPc, 2); manganese tetrapentoxy pyrrole phthalocyanine (MnTPePyrPc, 3); manganese tetra phenoxy pyrrole phthalocyanine (MnTPPyrPc, 4); manganese tetra mercaptopyrimidine phthalocyanine (MnTMPyPc, 5) and manganese tetra ethoxy thiophene phthalocyanine (MnTETPc, 6). The reaction was conducted in buffer solutions of pH range 1–12. Rotating disk electrode voltammetry revealed two electron reduction in acidic and slightly alkaline media due to the formation of hydrogen peroxide. In highly basic media, water is the major product formed via four electron transfer. The reaction was found to be first order in the diffusing analyte oxygen.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
The application of integrated environmental management to improve storm water quality and reduce marine pollution at Jeffreys Bay (South Africa)
- Authors: Seebach, Rudi Dieter
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Marine pollution -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Storm sewers -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Marine ecology -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Environmental management -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Environmental risk assessment -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Community development -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Sewage disposal -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4738 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005287 , Marine pollution -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Storm sewers -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Marine ecology -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Environmental management -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Environmental risk assessment -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Community development -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay , Sewage disposal -- South Africa -- Jeffreys Bay
- Description: It is projected that by 2025 three-quarters of the world’s population will live in the coastal zone. This is an alarming statistic, with a consequently significant impact on small coastal towns and the adjacent marine environments. Developing communities within the coastal zone of South Africa have proved to be a significant pollution source of storm water. Studies have shown that storm water that is deposited in the ocean will be trapped in the near shore marine environment causing poor seawater quality over a large distance. Furthermore, this can pose a significant threat to the health of recreational users and important marine ecosystems. In Jeffreys Bay storm water quality is thought to pose a threat to the maintenance of the international Blue Flag status for its beach. The aim of the current project was to investigate the main sources of storm water and subsequent marine pollution at Jeffreys Bay and to develop an appropriate management strategy using the integrated environmental management framework. In order to achieve this objective, it was also necessary to determine the current quality of water at various points within the catchment and near shore marine environment. Even though the storm water was found to be severely contaminated no evidence existed for a negative impact on the marine environment. None the less, a precautionary approach was adopted and a risk assessment employed in order to consider potential impacts on the marine and aquatic environment, human health and socio-economic welfare within the town. Significant sources of storm water contamination included grey water, domestic solid waste disposal and informal ablution. These significant aspects were investigated further and it was found that solid waste management in the catchment was poor with significant quantities of waste, primarily (76%) from domestic sources, being disposed of illegally. A study of sanitation management showed inadequacies where up to 58% of the residents from the informal settlements disposed of their grey water into open spaces. The ratio of residents to toilets in these areas was 28:1, therefore supporting the outcome of the risk assessment. Due to the fact that all the significant aspects were related to anthropogenic waste, an integrated waste management plan (IWMP) was developed that would not only facilitate the reduction of pollution of storm water, but would also allow for sustainable community-based development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A Geographic Information System for the African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme
- Authors: Scott, Lucy E P
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7129 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010639
- Description: The African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme (ACEP) Geographic Information System (GIS) has been developed to integrate, analyse and map all spatial data generated within the ACEP programme. A GIS is a multidisciplinary tool, and within ACEP the GIS has been used to integrate information from marine biology studies, oceanographic surveys, geophysical exploration as well as the observations made and footage taken from a research submersible. The core data in the GIS are based on deep marine ecosystems and the programme’s flagship species, Latimeria chalumnae (the coelacanth). Over and above the utility of the GIS as a tool for science through its considerable information storage, analysis and display capabilities, the ACEP GIS has been used for interactive environmental education purposes and to generate public awareness of the programme at various meetings, training events and conferences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A Geographic Information System for the African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme
- Authors: Scott, Lucy E P
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7159 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011886
- Description: The African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme (ACEP) Geographic Information System (GIS) has been developed to integrate, analyse and map all spatial data generated within the ACEP programme. A GIS is a multidisciplinary tool, and within ACEP the GIS has been used to integrate information from marine biology studies, oceanographic surveys, geophysical exploration as well as the observations made and footage taken from a research submersible. The core data in the GIS are based on deep marine ecosystems and the programme’s flagship species, Latimeria chalumnae (the coelacanth). Over and above the utility of the GIS as a tool for science through its considerable information storage, analysis and display capabilities, the ACEP GIS has been used for interactive environmental education purposes and to generate public awareness of the programme at various meetings, training events and conferences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Atlas of Southern African freshwater fishes
- Authors: Scott, L E P , Skelton, P H , Booth, A J , Verheust, L , Dooley, J , Harris, R
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Freshwater fishes -- South Africa , Freshwater fishes -- Africa, Southern , Freshwater fishes -- Africa, Southern -- Identification
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/199097 , vital:46068
- Description: Worldwide concern over the loss of biological diversity during the past decade has provided the impetus for the development of biodiversity databases and biological atlas projects in order to make information accessible. This Geographic Information Systems-based Atlas of Southern African Freshwater Fishes is the first of its kind for fishes in Africa and, as such, can be seen as contributing towards this global trend of consolidation and refining of biodiversity information. The technological advances made in computing systems over the past decade have facilitated the extraction and utilisation of much of the untapped information in museum collections. The size of most natural history collections had tended to prohibit any comprehensive applied use of the specimens on a large scale, but the computerisation of these collections has proved to be an invaluable tool to systematists, taxonomists and ecologists, by allowing faster and more efficient access to specimen record data of interest. With the automation of many biological databases, public attention has been brought to their potential contribution to biodiversity studies and conservation efforts around the world. The application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the field of southern African ichthyology and freshwater fisheries management has been limited, until now, by the lack of good-quality, comprehensive data sets, adequate budgets and GIS skills. Sophisticated investigations of fish distributions for conservation and management purposes need a powerful computing platform. This is realised in the Atlas of Southern African Freshwater Fishes, which has been tested and used for biogeographic analysis in the southern African region. The atlas was established using specimen records from nineteen museum collections, and currently contains 35145 geo-referenced specimen records, collected between 1885 and 2000 in eleven countries of southern Africa, which represent 254 fish species from 37 families. The Atlas of Southern African Freshwater Fishes was developed with the objective of being a dynamic, powerful information system. It has been constructed to allow the import of additional information at any stage, and it is designed to be as accessible and as user-friendly as current technology allows. This Atlas is the product of the successful integration of fish distributional information with other spatial data layers to provide a new tool for the study of freshwater fish in southern Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Exploring the practical adequacy of the normative framework guiding South Africa’s National Curriculum Statement
- Authors: Schudel, Ingrid , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391193 , vital:68630 , xlink:href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13504620701284860"
- Description: This article examines the practical adequacy of the recent defining of a normative framework for the South African National Curriculum Statement that focuses on the relationship between human rights, social justice and a healthy environment. This politically framed and socially critical normative framework has developed in response to socio-political and socio-ecological histories in postapartheid curriculum transformation processes. The article critically considers the process of working with a normative framework in the defining of environmental education teaching and learning interactions, and seeks not only to explore the policy discourse critically, but also to explore what it is about the world that makes it work in different ways. Drawing on Sayer’s perspectives on the possibilities of enabling ‘situated universalism’ as a form of normative theory, and case-based data from a teacher professional development programme in the Makana District (where the authors live and work), the article probes the relationship between the establishment of a ‘universalising’ normative framework to guide national curriculum, and situated engagements with this framework in/as democratic process. In this process it questions whether educators should adopt the ‘norms’ as presented by society and simply universalize and implement them as prescribed by curriculum statements, or whether educators should adopt the strategies of postmodernists and reduce normative frameworks to relations of power situated in particular contexts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
‘Exploring the practical adequacy of the human rights, social justice, inclusivity and healthy environment policy discourse in South Africa’s National Curriculum Statement’
- Authors: Schudel, Ingrid , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391180 , vital:68629 , xlink:href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13504620701284860"
- Description: This article examines the practical adequacy of the recent defining of a normative framework for the South African National Curriculum Statement that focuses on the relationship between human rights, social justice and a healthy environment. This politically framed and socially critical normative framework has developed in response to socio-political and socio-ecological histories in postapartheid curriculum transformation processes. The article critically considers the process of working with a normative framework in the defining of environmental education teaching and learning interactions, and seeks not only to explore the policy discourse critically, but also to explore what it is about the world that makes it work in different ways. Drawing on Sayer’s perspectives on the possibilities of enabling ‘situated universalism’ as a form of normative theory, and case-based data from a teacher professional development programme in the Makana District (where the authors live and work), the article probes the relationship between the establishment of a ‘universalising’ normative framework to guide national curriculum, and situated engagements with this framework in/as democratic process. In this process it questions whether educators should adopt the ‘norms’ as presented by society and simply universalize and implement them as prescribed by curriculum statements, or whether educators should adopt the strategies of postmodernists and reduce normative frameworks to relations of power situated in particular contexts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Synthesis of triprenylated toluquinone and toluhydroquinone metabolites from a marine-derived Penicillium fungus
- Authors: Scheepers, Brent A , Klein, Rosalyn , Davies-Coleman, Michael T
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6592 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004341
- Description: Two triprenylated toluquinone and toluhydroquinone marine fungal metabolites, 5-methyl-2-[(2′E,6′E)-3′,7′,11′-trimethyl-2′,6′,10′-dodecatrienyl]-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione and 5-methyl-2-[(2′E,6′E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2′,6′,10′-dodecatrienyl]-1,4-benzenediol, were synthesized in four and five steps, respectively, from 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. The synthesis extends the applicability of the oxidative ether cleavage of hydroquinone dimethyl ethers with argentic oxide under acidic conditions to include the oxidative demethylation of polyprenylated-1,4-dimethoxy-toluhydroquinones with a quantitative survival of the oxidation- and acid-sensitive polyprenyl side chain. Graphical abstract: Marine fungal metabolites 1 and 2 were synthesized from 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone in four and five steps, respectively. [For graphic image see full-text version]
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A holistic approach to consumption analysis in the popular music market
- Authors: Scheckter, Jonathan
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Consumption (Economics) -- Moral and ethical aspects , Music trade -- South Africa , Popular music -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:981 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002715 , Consumption (Economics) -- Moral and ethical aspects , Music trade -- South Africa , Popular music -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Description: This thesis seeks to gain a holistic understanding of consumption issues in the popular music market, such that it needs to account for the influence of 1) technological factors, 2) institutional factors, 3) cultural factors, and 4) an ontological aspect; as these are identified to be the most prominent aspects in the literature on the market. While there is a bourgeoning literature on the market, there has been little formal attempt to link such issues in a comprehensive fashion. The methodology applied provides a critique of the literature on specific consumption theories which have apparent pertinence to the music market. Each of the sociological, psychological, and economic theories (neoclassical and radical) is found to be too generalized to provide such an understanding, in that many issues concerning the music market would need to be eschewed if these theories were to be applied in an orthodox fashion. Moreover, the theories tend to point towards each other for the possibility of a credible, holistic consumption analysis. The most useful and all-encompassing consumption theory reviewed is the systems of provision approach advanced by Fine and Leopold (1993), in that the approach aims to be sensitive to the difference between commodities in terms of the economic and social processes and structures by which they become commodities, and thus it can allow one to consider adequately the four requirements identified above for a holistic understanding of the market. This approach is then applied to the western music market with the aim of 1) testing the approach identified, and 2) making a specific comment of the market. The market is found to be characterized historically by three distinct periods, each with distinct systems of provision (i.e. each with the four factors identified above relating to each other in a certain manner). It is proposed that preference formations in the final period identified have been institutionalized to a large extent, and there is a low probability of change occurring. The systems of provision approach is argued to be beneficial in highlighting which aspects of the existing consumption theories are relevant to the market at a point in time, and to what extent. Thus the richness of the approach stems from its ability to gain a holistic understanding, and to identify theoretical discussion topics, such as those concerning political economy. The approach is then applied to the South African music market, using the same historical methodology, in conjunction with current empirical evidence from the market. Doing this allows one to test the generality of the systems of provision approach, and to attempt to make a comment on the South African market. The techniques for obtaining empirical evidence are argued to be sound, but resource constraints prevented the research from reflecting a holistic view of the market. Nonetheless, a rich perspective is provided from interviews with prominent agents in the market, and thus the chapter is argued to provide the beginning of an understanding of preference formations in the South African music market, in which little research has been conducted (Stella, 2005).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Estimation of small reservoir storage capacities in Limpopo River Basin using geographical information systems (GIS) and remotely sensed surface areas: case of Mzingwane catchment
- Authors: Sawunyama, Tendai , Senzanje, J , Mhizha, A
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7077 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009741
- Description: The current interest in small reservoirs stems mainly from their utilization for domestic use, livestock watering, fishing and irrigation. Rarely were small reservoirs considered in the water resources system even though they are important in water resource planning and management. The main limitation being lack of knowledge on small reservoir capacities, for the methodologies used to quantify physical parameters of reservoirs are costly, time consuming and laborious. To address this challenge an attempt has been made in this study to estimate small reservoir storage capacities using remotely sensed surface areas. A field study on 12 small reservoirs was carried out in Mzingwane catchment in Limpopo River Basin; Zimbabwe. The depths of water accompanied with their coordinates were measured; from which area and capacity were calculated for each reservoir using geographical information system based on data acquired from the field and that from satellite images. The output data was compared and a linear regression analysis was carried out to establish a power relationship between surface area and storage capacity of small reservoirs. The Pearson correlation analysis at 95% confidence interval indicated that the variances of the two surface areas (field area and image area) were not significantly different (p < 0.05). The findings from linear regression analysis (log capacity–log area) show that there exist a power relationship between remotely sensed surface areas (m^2) and storage capacities of reservoirs (m^3), with 95% variation of the storage capacity being explained by surface areas. The relationship can be used as a tool in decision-making processes in integrated water resources planning and management in the river basin. The applicability of the relationship to other catchments requires further research as well as investigating the impacts of small reservoirs in water resources available in the river basin by carrying out a hydrological modelling of the catchment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
The impact of media commercialization on public service broadcasting : the case of Radio Zimbabwe after the adoption of the Commercialisation Act (No 26) of 2001
- Authors: Saurombe, Memory
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation , Broadcasting -- Zimbabwe , Mass media -- Social aspects -- Zimbabwe , Public broadcasting -- Zimbabwe -- History -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8410 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/601 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011671 , Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation , Broadcasting -- Zimbabwe , Mass media -- Social aspects -- Zimbabwe , Public broadcasting -- Zimbabwe -- History -- 20th century
- Description: Cultural and educational functions of public service broadcasting come at a fortuitous time, as the changing environment of broadcasting is on various agendas. At the heart of this is the question of the present and future status of public service broadcasting. Major changes have taken place in the political economy of the media and the world economy at large, technological advancement has resulted in privatization and commercialization of the media. In most societies where these changes have taken place, public service broadcasting has been threatened by the rapid rise of commercial institutions, resulting in stiff competition for audiences. This study will examine the extent to which the adoption of the Commercialization Act (No 26) of 2001 in Zimbabwe has affected Radio Zimbabwe’s role as a public broadcaster. The study is based on the hypothesis that with the adoption of the Commercialization Act, Radio Zimbabwe is no longer playing its public service role effectively. The current nature of programming at Radio Zimbabwe as the research hopes to show will highlight tremendous changes towards a commercial logic. The study uses a combination of document analysis, secondary literature and qualitative interviews.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A precarious balance: consequences of Zimbabwe's fast-track land reform
- Authors: Sarimana, Ashley
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Land reform -- Zimbabwe , Land use -- Government policy -- Zimbabwe , Land settlement -- Government policy -- Zimbabwe , Farms, Large -- Zimbabwe , Agriculture and state -- Zimbabwe , Agricultural laborers -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3348 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006198 , Land reform -- Zimbabwe , Land use -- Government policy -- Zimbabwe , Land settlement -- Government policy -- Zimbabwe , Farms, Large -- Zimbabwe , Agriculture and state -- Zimbabwe , Agricultural laborers -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions
- Description: This thesis is a detailed account of Zimbabwe's controversial fast-track land reform programme. Zimbabwe's land reform history has been discussed extensively, with a focus on land redistribution. The fast-track land reform programme transferred eleven million hectares of land from 4 000 white commercial farmers to 51 543 landless peasant families. The thesis begins by offering some land reform theories and gives an overview of the land question in Southern Africa. This is followed by a discussion of Zimbabwe's land question from a historical perspective. Next is a periodised account of the successes and failures of land reform attempts made by the Zimbabwean government from independence in 1980 to 1998 when the fast-track land reform programme was conceived. Zimbabwe's political and economic situation at this time is significant. The context for fast-track land reform includes a discussion about the national question in Zimbabwe and the deteriorating status of white citizenship; the rise of Zimbabwe's liberation war veterans as a formidable force and the formation of the Movement for Democratic Change as a strong political party that was challenging, among others, the dominance of the ruling Zanu-PF party and its policies. The blueprint for fast-track land reform is discussed in order to contrast it to how the reform unfolded in practice. In this regard, the response of the international community to the violence and lawlessness that characterised fast-track land reform is worth mentioning, especially since it has bearing on how Zimbabweans are trying to cope with life in a radically altered physical and social environment, following the land reform exercise. The consequences of fast-track land reform are analysed in terms of development and the plight of Zimbabwe's farm workers; the internal displacement of hundreds of thousands of farm workers, white commercial farmers and others in Zimbabwe's countryside and whether or not fast-track land reform beneficiaries can successfully engage in agriculture to improve their standard of living. The Vumba and Burma Valley case study is illustrative of how fasttrack land reform was implemented and its socio-economic impact on Zimbabwe's poor and marginalised groups, for instance, female farm workers. The case study offers valuable insights about the survival strategies that ordinary people affected by the land reform exercise are adopting in order to cope with their new circumstances. Data was gathered from a focus group discussion (pilot study), in-depth semi-structured interviews and observation on three farms, as well as interviews with a few government officials, government documents and newspaper reports. The study is useful to countries that are planning or already implementing land reform, for example, South Africa.
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- Date Issued: 2006