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Paka vilo

Fungula

Assessing flood vulnerability in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metro

  • Authors: Zuze, Hillary
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Floods -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Natural disasters Hazardous geographic environments Hazardous geographic environments -- Risk assessment , Climatic changes
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44224 , vital:37135
  • Description: Floods are the most frequent amongst all global natural disasters at present, causing problems such as bridge collapses, fatalities, building damages and traffic delays. Between 1995 and 2015, there were approximately 3062 global flood disasters which accounted for 56% of all declared natural disasters and these affected 2.3 billion people (almost a third of the world’s population at the time) (EMDAT, 2015). The cost of damages for this period incurred for buildings and other infrastructure was at an all-time high of R23.69 (US$1.891) trillion. It is postulated through various studies that the number of urban flood events reported is increasing significantly in comparison to the previous decades (Armah et al., 2010; Lóczy, 2013; Leaning and Guha-Sapir, 2013; EMDAT, 2015; Tanoue et al., 2016; Rogger et al., 2017). Some research has also noted an increase in the number of floods per year, which has ascended to an average of 171 in this decade, from an annual average of 127 in the previous one (Dozier, 2013; Guha Sapir et al., 2016). Sources such as the Centre of Research and Epidemiological Disasters (Guha Sapir et al., 2016) recorded that from 1995 to 2015, globally, millions of homes were vulnerable to weather-related disasters, along with 130,000 health and education facilities. During this period, urban floods accounted for 98% of houses damaged and 99.9% of education and health facilities demolished by a weather-related disaster (Davies, 2017). Flooding is particularly harmful in terms of fatalities in developing countries due to inadequate flood protection and mitigation measures (Di Baldassarre et al., 2010; Dozier, 2013). Some studies attribute the high fatalities in developing countries to the inadequate disaster management strategies implemented to counter the impacts of urban flooding (Egbinola et al., 2015; Pazzi et al., 2016; Mavhura et al., 2017). Other authors have attributed the high fatalities to the sheer number of people residing in areas prone to flooding, which has been the knock-on effect of rapidly expanding cities, overwhelmed government agencies, and a pre-existing political and social system that promotes marginalisation (Collins, 2008; Aboagye, 2012). The occupation of flood-prone areas by settlements, which is a common feature in developing countries, is the major contributor to the fatalities as it involves a degree of risk. Risk is exposure to an undesired event, in this case flooding, and contributes directly to differing levels of vulnerability (Samuels, 2018). Communities have differing perceptions of flood vulnerability because of a combination of factors. These include the magnitude of the flood experienced, the number of people or the value of assets potentially affected by flooding due to location, and the lack of socioeconomic capacity to do anything to alter their vulnerability to a disaster (Hall et al., 2005; Adger, 2006; Birkmann et al., 2013; Rogger et al., 2017). Some communities acknowledge that there are people residing in flood prone areas and take measures to reduce or eliminate the risk through social, political and economic networks. In other cases, communities are able to identify their exposure to flooding but do not have the capacity to reduce the effects (Bouchard et al., 2007; Agbaoye, 2012; Musungu et al., 2012; Siyongwana, Heijne, and Tele et al., 20155).
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2019

Nipa yakachata

Ndineuromba

An impact assessment of the poverty alleviation projects: a case study of Thuthukani project in Dannhauser local municipality, Kwazulu Natal

  • Authors: Zungu, Nomsa
  • Date: 2011
  • Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:9079 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008583 , Poverty -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
  • Description: The South African government has introduced mechanisms and plans to alleviate poverty and to monitor and evaluate the impact of the policies and programmes to the reduction of poverty. In its quest to eradicate and alleviate poverty, the government has prioritized poverty alleviation in its development agenda. In efforts to fight poverty, the government has since 1994, implemented various programmes that are aimed at alleviating poverty through stimulating employment, developing skills and improving service delivery. The poverty alleviation programme is one of the strategies that was implemented by the government, as a means to eradicate poverty. At the community level, depending on the nature of the programme, efforts have been made to incorporate mechanisms which enable poor people to play an active role in deciding how the benefits from programmes are distributed. The study was based on the projects identified by the community of Amajuba district in Dannhauser area in KwaZulu Natal. The Dannhauser Municipality in partnership with the Department of Agriculture and Environmental affairs have played a vital role in this regard by supporting the establishment of the Thuthukani project in 2004. In an attempt to assess the impact of the poverty alleviation projects, this study investigated the role played by the Thuthukani project in local economic development of the Dannhauser community in the Dannhauser Municipality. Participants included the Thuthukani project members, and the extension officer from the Department of Agriculture and Environmental affairs. The study found that, indeed poverty alleviation projects play a role in local economic development since they contribute towards job creation and improvement of the socio-economic status of the local community.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2011

Emgangeleni

Akasa ngi baleli

Akasa ngi baleli

Emalomeni

Analysis of the pre- to post- apartheid language in education policies: an investigation for multilingualism

  • Authors: Zumani, Nobesutu Faith
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Multilingual education -- South Africa , Native language and education -- South Africa Language policy -- South Africa African languages -- Social aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44235 , vital:37140
  • Description: The 1997 language policy in basic education promotes multilingualism in basic, education where there is under-utilisation of African languages. The main aim of this study is to investigate the reason for the under-utilisation of African languages in basic education. Transitional bilingual education is practised (TBE) instead of developmental maintenance bilingual education (MBE). The pre and post-apartheid language- in-education policies, including the Constitution, were collected, analysed and interpreted to find out why these languages are not used for education. It was discovered that the legacy of the previous policies has had an influence on the present policy. Also, the escape clauses on the present policy, such as “practicably reasonable,” and “choose,” have an impact on non-implementation of the post-apartheid language policy. The researcher recommends the development of an implementation plan and the revision of powers for SGBs to choose languages for their schools.
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  • Date Issued: 2019

Expand public works program on infrastructure : lessons from international public works programs 1920'S - 1950'S and 2004-2016

  • Authors: Zuma, Siziwe Monica
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Public works--South Africa Labor--South Africa Job creation--South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16102 , vital:40664
  • Description: The Expanded Public Works Program on Infrastructure is a national program by the South African Government. It is intending to build and maintain public assets using labour intensive mechanisms. It seeks to offer short term employment and training to the labour participants so that when they exit they may be able to find employment. The program also has an economic sector program of the infrastructure sector called Vuk‘uphile for development of emerging contractors also it is a national program. The Expanded Public Works Program is the government main instrument to job creation in South Africa. Government also seeks to pursue policies that are pro-growth, with the hope that the economic growth will absorbed the unemployed into employment. It is also looking into the small business sector to be the main driver for job creation. Despite this the government‘s commitment, the unemployment rate and poverty rate are increasing and the economy is declining. The study sought to examine if the skills obtained by the participants in the Expanded Public Works Program enable the participants to obtain employment upon exiting the program. It also sought to find any challenges the participants encounter before and after living the program. It sought to look at other international public works programs and theories on public works to learn any lessons. I also sought to study if the program cannot be expanded into for it to create more sustainable employment for the enterprises and the labour participants in order to lengthen the period of work experience skills training, reduce the incidents of poverty and stimulate economic growth. This study followed a literature review methodology, using second source data from various literatures, empirical and non-empirical second source literature. The findings indicate that the skills and the duration of the training are not sufficient for the labour participants to be absorbed by the labour force. The short duration of working in the program is too short to make a meaningful income and work experience that can be sustainable. Upon exiting the program they cannot find employment a large majority of them. The program offered in the Zibambele in KwaZulu Natal offers work on a part time basis for the maintenance of roads over a longer period that acts as a safety net. The program is only in KwaZulu Natal and only on road maintenance; it is not big enough to make a meaningful difference to the amount of unemployment in the country. The Vuk‘uphile program however is offering good skills to the emerging contractor that enables their companies to grow. The international public works programs have been instrumental in creating employment to millions of participants and reduced incidents of poverty. The expanded public works program on infrastructure can be expanded to include asset management, maintenance and can expand to rural infrastructure and development and agricultural infrastructure. The study recommends that the government considers expanding the expanded public works program on infrastructure so that it can provide longer and more sustainable employment to labor participants and entrepreneurs. Also that it considers using the model used to develop emerging contractors in the Vuk‘uphile program to develop small medium businesses in the infrastructure and other areas.
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  • Date Issued: 2016

An appraisal of the South African government macroeconomic policies and strategies (1994-2012)

  • Authors: Zuma, Siziwe Monica
  • Date: 2013
  • Subjects: Fiscal policy--South Africa Macroeconomics Monetary policy--South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , Public Administration
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17360 , vital:40959
  • Description: This study sought to do an overview and the role of Public Administration both as an academic discipline and as a discipline in practice. It sought to do a literature analysis of the macroeconomic policies and strategies that the democratic from 1994- 2012 particularly with regards to lowering unemployment and meeting public needs. The literature review on the Freedom Charter and the South African democratic government’s macroeconomic policies namely the RDP, GEAR, ASGISA, New Growth Plan, and the National Development Plan were studied in great detail in this study. Public Finance in terms of the tax revenues collected and public debt servicing costs have contributed to the capacity of the SA government to meet its public needs and social needs including poverty eradication. It identified that the NDP because of its longer term plan approach its goals could be realizable. It identified that the South African democratic government macroeconomic policy has been consistent since 1994 that of belt tightening or fiscal policy that is tight on fiscal spending and monetary policy also has remained the same although different names have been used over the period 1994-2012. The South African democratic government since 1994 has been pursuing austere fiscal policy. This is because it inherited a government that had high public debt and therefore had to prioritise of servicing that debt. That meant that there has been less funds available to spend on public needs as the aspirations of the people when they drafted and adopted in a congress of the ANC the freedom charter in 1955. The South African democratic government through its macroeconomic policy has created a number of positive changes in the country economically and socially that have benefited a lot of the previously marginalized people of South Africa however the macroeconomic objectives of reducing unemployment, growing the economy, increasing exports and lowering inflation still remain a huge challenge in this country. This study concludes that in order to increase revenues to meet public needs government needs to look at increasing its revenue base rather than borrowing the money as that will create the same challenge that it is currently facing hence it adopted the austere fiscal policy.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2013

An appraisal of the South African Government Macroeconomic Policies and Strategies (1994-2012)

  • Authors: Zuma, Siziwe Monica
  • Date: 2013
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
  • Identifier: vital:11687 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013582
  • Description: This study sought to do an overview and the role of Public Administration both as an academic discipline and as a discipline in practice. It sought to do a literature analysis of the macroeconomic policies and strategies that the democratic from 1994- 2012 particularly with regards to lowering unemployment and meeting public needs. The literature review on the Freedom Charter and the South African democratic government’s macroeconomic policies namely the RDP, GEAR, ASGISA, New Growth Plan, and the National Development Plan were studied in great detail in this study. Public Finance in terms of the tax revenues collected and public debt servicing costs have contributed to the capacity of the SA government to meet its public needs and social needs including poverty eradication. It identified that the NDP because of its longer term plan approach its goals could be realizable. It identified that the South African democratic government macroeconomic policy has been consistent since 1994 that of belt tightening or fiscal policy that is tight on fiscal spending and monetary policy also has remained the same although different names have been used over the period 1994-2012. The South African democratic government since 1994 has been pursuing austere fiscal policy. This is because it inherited a government that had high public debt and therefore had to prioritise of servicing that debt. That meant that there has been less funds available to spend on public needs as the aspirations of the people when they drafted and adopted in a congress of the ANC the freedom charter in 1955. The South African democratic government through its macroeconomic policy has created a number of positive changes in the country economically and socially that have benefited a lot of the previously marginalized people of South Africa however the macroeconomic objectives of reducing unemployment, growing the economy, increasing exports and lowering inflation still remain a huge challenge in this country. This study concludes that in order to increase revenues to meet public needs government needs to look at increasing its revenue base rather than borrowing the money as that will create the same challenge that it is currently facing hence it adopted the austere fiscal policy.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2013

A study of parental participation in school governance in selected high schools : Zwelitsha Township, Province of the Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Zuma, Nandipha
  • Date: 2010
  • Subjects: School management and organization -- Parent participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , High schools -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Administration
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
  • Identifier: vital:8165 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1305 , School management and organization -- Parent participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , High schools -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Administration
  • Description: This study investigates parental involvement in school governance in selected high schools in Zwelitsha, King Williams Town District in the Eastern Cape Province. The research study was conducted in three high schools in Zwelitsha Township. These schools are Nompendulo Senior Secondary, Thembalabantu High School and Xolani Senior Secondary School. Questionnaires were designed and distributed to the principals, educators and parents whose children are learners in these schools. The interview questions were designed and distributed to parents whose children are learners in these selected schools, educators and school principals and members of the school governing body from each school. Respondents were asked about the levels of parental involvement in their schools, parents’ awareness of school governance and the relationship between schools and communities. However, the objectives of the study were to: Assess parental involvement in school governance in selected high schools in Zwelitsha, King Williams Town District in the Province of the Eastern Cape; To determine the nature and extent of parental participation in school academic activities; To examine the role of parents in the school governing body; To determine measures that can be taken to encourage the participation of parents in school governance These objectives have been achieved by providing empirical evidences which shows that the levels of parental involvement in the previously disadvantaged high schools are very low. This is related to the parents’ level of education. Parents who are literate are more involved than those are illiterate. This research also reveals that high v. levels of working parents contributes to the low levels of parental involvement in school governance. Most parents in this area know nothing about school governance and those that are aware are not keen to be involved. The class structure of the society has an influence in the participation of parents in school governance. Parents’ meetings that are held on Sunday afternoon are a challenge to parents that come from the villages outside Zwelitsha because of the scarcity of transport on this day. and these situations discourage them from being actively involved in their children’s education. The study provides the factors that cause non-involvement of parents in school governance. Subsequently, the following strategies for participation of parents in school governance were given:  Capacitating of parents Establishment of teacher-parent collegiality  Recognition of cultural capital Establishment of parent organisations  Utilisation of non-governmental organisations Establishment of centres of learning. This study also indicates the following strategies that may assist to enhance the parental involvement in school governance: Parents engagement and empowerment Co-operation between schools and parents Collaboration with other community, private and other public institutions Invitation of complaints and welcoming of criticism. In conclusion, the findings provide clear indication that the participation of parents in school governance is low. Recommendations that could assist the schools to encourage and to enhance parents to participate in school governance are given.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2010

Microbial ecology of the Buffalo River in response to water quality changes

  • Authors: Zuma, Bongumusa Msizi
  • Date: 2010
  • Subjects: Water quality -- South Africa -- Buffalo River (Eastern Cape) , Microbial ecology -- South Africa -- Buffalo River (Eastern Cape) , River Health Programme (South Africa)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:6038 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006182 , Water quality -- South Africa -- Buffalo River (Eastern Cape) , Microbial ecology -- South Africa -- Buffalo River (Eastern Cape) , River Health Programme (South Africa)
  • Description: South Africa’s freshwater quality and quantity is declining and consequently impacting on the ecological health of these ecosystems, due to increased agricultural, urban and industrial developments. The River Health Programme (RHP) was designed for monitoring and assessing the ecological health of freshwater ecosystems in South Africa, in order to effectively manage these aquatic resources. The RHP utilises biological indicators such as in-stream biota as a structured and sensitive tool for assessing ecosystem health. Although the RHP has been widely implemented across South Africa, no attempts have been made to explore microbial ecology as a tool that could be included as one of the RHP indices. This study used selected microbial responses and water physico-chemical parameters to assess the current water quality status of the Buffalo River. This study showed that water quality impairments compounded in the urban regions of King William’s Town and Zwelitsha and also downstream of the Bridle Drift Dam. The results also showed that the lower and the upper catchments of the Buffalo River were not significantly different in terms of water physico-chemistry and microbiology, as indicated by low stress levels of an NMDS plot. Though similarities were recorded between impacted and reference sites, the results strongly showed that known impacted sites recorded the poorest water physico-chemistry, including the Yellowwoods River. However, the Laing Dam provided a buffer effect on contributions of the Yellowwoods River into the Buffalo River. Multivariate analysis showed that microbial cell counts were not influenced by water physico-chemical changes, whilst microbial activity from the water and biofilm habitats showed significant correlation levels to water physico-chemical changes. This study demonstrated that further investigations towards exploitation of microbial activity responses to water physico-chemical quality changes should be channelled towards the development of microbiological assessment index for inclusion in the RHP.
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  • Date Issued: 2010

Mulch tower treatment system Part I: Overall performance in greywater treatment

  • Authors: Zuma, Bongumusa M , Tandlich, Roman , Whittington-Jones, Kevin J , Burgess, Jo E
  • Date: 2009
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71537 , vital:29862 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.030
  • Description: A mulch tower (MT) system for greywater treatment is introduced in this paper. Materials used to assemble the MT system included mulch, coarse sand, fine and coarse gravel. Limited removal efficiency of the MT system was demonstrated for alkalinity, total hardness, pH, Cl–, PO43–, NH4+, and SO42–, with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 7 to 12%. Intermediate removal efficiency was observed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), NO3–, and S2– with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 24 to 28%. The highest removal efficiency was observed for the total suspended solids (TSS) with the estimated cumulative removal equal to 52%. Given the minute residence time in the MT system, the results obtained were promising and justify scale-up studies for potential on-site applications. The MT effluent did not meet hygienic norms with respect to the faecal coliform concentration (FC) and the total coliform concentration (TC), and further effluent treatment is required before any discharge or reuse of the treated greywater. Further research should focus on characterisation of the microbial community of the MT, and the fate of Cl–, PO43–, NH4+, and SO42–.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 2009

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