The regulation of insider trading in South Africa: a roadmap for effective, competitive and adequate regulatory statutory framework
- Authors: Chitimira, Howard
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Insider trading in securities , Insider trading in securities -- South Africa , Financial instruments -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:11116 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/230 , Insider trading in securities -- South Africa , Financial instruments -- South Africa
- Description: Insider trading is one of the practices that (directly or indirectly) lead to a host of problems for example inaccurate stock market prices, high inflation, reduced public investor confidence, misrepresentation and non disclosure of material facts relating to securities and financial instruments. Again it reduces efficiency in the affected companies and eventually leads to economic underperformance. The researcher observed that the South African insider trading regulatory framework has some gaps and flaws which need to be adequately addressed to ensure efficient and stable financial markets. Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide a clear roadmap for an effective, efficient, adequate and internationally competitive insider trading regulatory framework in South Africa. In order to achieve the above stated aim, the historical development of the regulation insider trading is critically analyzed. The effectiveness and adequacy of the Insider Trading Act, 135 of 1998 is also discussed. Furthermore, the prohibition of insider trading under Securities Services Act, 36 of 2004 is explored and analyzed to investigate its adequacy. The role of the Financial Services Board, the Courts and the Directorate for Market Abuse is also scrutinized extensively. Moreover, a comparative analysis is undertaken of the regulation of insider trading in other jurisdictions of United States of America, Canada and Australia. This is done to investigate any lessons that can be learnt or adopted from these jurisdictions. The researcher strongly contends that having the best insider trading laws on paper alone will not cure the insider trading problem. What is required are adequate laws that are enforced effectively in South African courts. Therefore an adequate insider trading regulatory framework must be put in place to improve the efficiency of South African financial markets, to maintain a stable economy, combat misrepresentation and non disclosure of material facts in transactions relating to securities. The researcher has attempted to state the law as at 31 August 2007.
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- Date Issued: 2008
The role of the judiciary in protecting the right to freedom of expression in difficult political environments: a case study of Zimbabwe
- Authors: Ndawana, Duduzile
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Zimbabwe -- Politics and government , Mass media -- Zimbabwe -- Law and legislation , Freedom of speech -- Zimbabwe -- Law and legislation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:11109 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/99 , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government , Mass media -- Zimbabwe -- Law and legislation , Freedom of speech -- Zimbabwe -- Law and legislation
- Description: The right to freedom of expression is with no doubt one of the most important rights in all democratic societies. The southern African sub-region is however lacking when it comes to the protection of this right. There are either highly repressive laws which result in the right being practiced but to a limited extent. In other cases the media is owned by the elite in society which results in the majority not being represented in the independent media and at the same time, the public media is often abused by the governing elite. The scene is therefore that both the public media and private media are representative of the elite. The research seeks to explore the protection of human rights, particularly the right to freedom of expression in politically volatile environments. The research focuses on Zimbabwe but comparative analysis has also been drawn with other jurisdictions moreso South Africa. It is important to note that Zimbabwe has ratified both the International Covenant on Civil Political Rights and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ rights both of which protect the right to freedom of expression. It is however not enough that states ratify international and regional instruments without domesticating the instruments at the national level. The domestication of the international and regional instruments is meant to ensure that individuals enjoy these rights. Freedom of expression is highly volatile in Zimbabwe. The legislature has been accused of taking away the right which has been granted to citizens by the Constitution through its highly repressive laws. The Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (AIPPA), the Public Order and Security Act (POSA), and the Official Secrets Act are some of the laws which have been put under spotlight in Zimbabwe. There is therefore a conflict between the legislature, the press and individuals in Zimbabwe. In Zimbabwe like many democratic states, there is separation of powers between the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The legislature is the decision making structure that enacts policies in their capacity as representatives of the people; the judiciary is the mediating body that adjudicates decisions between the organs of state as well as between those organs and individuals and the executive enforces decisions. The findings of the research are that despite the ratification of international and regional instruments dealing with the right to freedom of expression and the protection of the right to freedom of expression in the constitution, there still exist repressive laws in Zimbabwe which to a great extent limit the right to freedom of expression. These laws in light of the prevailing environment in Zimbabwe are often used to deprive citizens and journalists of information and their right to freedom of expression. The judiciary finds itself in a difficult position as the executive does not comply with its rulings. The independence of the judiciary, in light of the environment is also compromised by the threats to the judges, the appointment process and ‘gifts’ given to the judges for example, farms. The research analyses the history and theories of freedom of freedom of expression in Zimbabwe, the laws regulating the right and the case law dealing with this right. Finally there is a comparison between Zimbabwe and South Africa and conclusions and recommendations are made based on the discussion in the dissertation. Among the recommendations is that civil society should be involved in educating individuals especially journalists about the right to freedom of expression. Further, the judiciary should also take a more proactive approach in the protection of the right.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Tolerance in intergroup relations: cognitive representations reducing ingroup projection
- Authors: O'Sullivan, Clodagh M
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Group identity , Social groups , Intergroup relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/140 , Group identity , Social groups , Intergroup relations
- Description: This study assessed the personal, career and learning skills needs of 196 psychology students (M= 56, F= 103). The preferred means of counselling assistance, preferred experience of counselling and preferred counselling provider were also assessed. The most highly endorsed needs were time management skills (83.5 pecent, n=162), learning test-taking strategies (82 percent, n=159), job search strategies (73.6 percent, n=142), increasing self-confidence (70.3 percent, n=135), increasing motivation (72.4 percent, n=134), controlling anxiety and nervousness (68.7 percent, n=134), public speaking anxiety (68 percent, n=134), understanding career interests and abilities (67.5 percent, n=131), fear of failure (68.1 percent, n=130), and improving study skills (66.5 percent, n=129). Significant sex differences were found for the following, finding a greater purpose in life, controlling weight, job search strategies, concerns about career choice, understanding career interests and abilities in the selection of major subjects and improving study skills. Males highly endorsed the need for finding a greater purpose in life, job search strategies, and concern about career choice, understanding career interest and abilities, selection of major subjects and to improve study skills, whereas females endorsed the need for controlling weight. Respondents indicated individual counselling as being their preferred means of counselling assistance, but lectures were the most prevalent means of assistance previously received by respondents. Most respondents (78.1 percent) found the assistance they had received to be helpful.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Variation in the essential oil composition of Calendula Officinalis L
- Authors: Okoh, Omobola Oluranti
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Calendula (Genus) , Essences and essential oils , Medicinal plants , Calendula officinalis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11334 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001150 , Calendula (Genus) , Essences and essential oils , Medicinal plants , Calendula officinalis
- Description: Variations in the yield, chemical composition, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in Alice, Eastern Cape of South Africa over a period of 12 months using the solvent-free microwave extraction and traditional hydrodistillation methods were evaluated. The GC-MS analyses of the essential oils revealed the presence of 33 compounds with 1,8-cineole, a-pinene, camphor, verbenone, bornyl acetate and camphene constituting about 80 percent of the oils throughout the period of investigation, with the solvent-free microwave extraction method generally yielding more of the major components than the hydrodistillation method. Each of the major components of the oils varied in quantity and quality of yield at different periods of the year. The method of extraction and time of harvest are of importance to the quantity and quality of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. Higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes such as borneol, camphor, terpene- 4-ol, linalool, a-terpeneol were present in the oil of SFME in comparison with HD. However, HD oil contained more monoterpene hydrocarbons such as a-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, a-phellanderene, 1,8-cineole, trans- β-ocimene, γ-teprinene, and cis-sabinene hydrate than SFME extracted oil. Accumulation of monoterpene alcohols and ketones was observed during maturation process of Rosmarinus leaves. Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined using a serial microplate dilution method. The essential oils obtained using both methods of extraction were active against all the bacteria tested at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the SFME extracted oils ranged between 0.23 and 1.88 mg mL-1, while those of the HD extracted oils varied between 0.94 and 7.5 mg mL-1, thus suggesting that the oil obtained by solvent free microwave extraction was more active against bacteria than the oil obtained through hydrodistillation. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the obtained oils were tested by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH+) assay and β- carotene bleaching test. In the DPPH+ assay, while the free radical scavenging activity of the oil obtained by SFME method showed percentage inhibitions of between 48.8 percent and 67 percent, the HD derived oil showed inhibitions of between 52.2 percent and 65.30 percent at concentrations of 0.33, 0.50 and 1.0 mg mL-1, respectively. In the β-carotene bleaching assay, the percentage inhibition increased with increasing concentration of both oils with a higher antioxidant activity of the oil obtained through the SFME than the HD method. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to analyze the chemical composition of the extracts using three eluent solvent systems of varying polarities i. e. CEF, BEA and EMW and sprayed with vanillin-sulfuric acid. The chemical composition of the different extracts was similar with the exception of methanol and water extracts which had only one or two visible compounds after treating with vanillin-spray reagent. To evaluate the number of antibacterial compounds present in the fractions, bioautography was used against two most important nosocomial microorganisms. S. aureus (Gram positive) and E. coli (Gram negative). Nearly all the crude serial extraction fractions contained compounds that inhibited the growth of E. coli. The hexane extract had the most lines of inhibition followed by ethyl acetate. Bioassay-guided fractionation against E. coli was used to isolate antibacterial compounds. The largest number of antibacterial compounds occurred in the hexane fraction. Furthermore we tried to complete the characterization by extracting and studying other biologically important plant metabolites such as phenolic compounds to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Rosmarinus extracts
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- Date Issued: 2008
Widowhood and property inheritance in Zimbabwe: experiences of widows in Sikalenge ward, Binga District
- Authors: Dube, Misheck
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Widows -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Zimbabwe , Women -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Zimbabwe , Inheritance and succession -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M SW
- Identifier: vital:11755 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/200 , Widows -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Zimbabwe , Women -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Zimbabwe , Inheritance and succession -- Zimbabwe
- Description: Zimbabwean widows need to inherit property when their husbands die. Property, be it material or financial in nature, is a source of sustenance and wealth. Depriving women of property inheritance rights has untold consequences. This study focuses on the property inheritance rights of widows in Zimbabwe in the Sikalenge Ward of Binga District. The aim of the study is to understand how property grabbing affects widows and to find possible solutions and intervention strategies social workers may use. The literature reviewed in the study was drawn from both the legal field and social work to create a link between the fields. The study was shaped by radical feminism for conceptualising property grabbing while the formulated intervention strategies utilised the empowerment model. The study is qualitative in nature using interviews to collect data from ten widows and five social service providers who constitute the total of fifteen participants in the study. Data was analysed qualitatively using interpretive approaches and presentation is textual rather than statistical. The main finding of the study is that widows are still being denied their inheritance rights despite the provision of such rights by the Intestate Succession Laws promulgated in November 1997 by the government of Zimbabwe. Moreover, the widows are not aware of the inheritance laws of Zimbabwe and hence did not seek any professional intervention. The few who attempted the legal process for recourse were not successful. Even though it was minimally attempted, the study established that the main form of failed intervention tried by the women was legal in nature and suggests and emphasises an eminent need for Social Work intervention to supplement legal intervention.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Medicine, Health & Illness in Society: SHS 227E
- Authors: Penny, Jaffray , Wilson, Akpan
- Date: 2008-02
- Subjects: Sociology
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17934 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010504
- Description: Medicine, Health & Illness in Society: SHS 227E, supplementary examination February 2008.
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- Date Issued: 2008-02
Non-Infectious Diseases: AGV 322
- Authors: Chimonyo, M , Hashe, S
- Date: 2008-02
- Subjects: Veterinary medicine -- Diagnosis , Livestock -- Diseases
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1009770
- Description: Non-Infectious Diseases: AGV 322, Supplementary examination February 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-02
Classical Sociological Theory: SOC 212
- Authors: Duma, V , Nyawasha, T
- Date: 2008-05
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17961 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010532
- Description: Classical Sociological Theory: SOC 212, examination paper May/June 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-05
Classical Sociological Theory: SOC 212
- Authors: Duma, V , Nyawasha, T
- Date: 2008-06
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010535
- Description: Classical Sociological Theory: SOC 212, supplementary examination June 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-06
Research Methods: SOC 211E & INS 211E
- Authors: Akpan, Wilson , Jaffray, Penny
- Date: 2008-06
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17960 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010531
- Description: Research Methods: SOC 211E & INS 211E, examination June 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-06
Sociology and Industrial Sociology, Classical Sociological Theory/Theories of Industrial Society 2: SOC 212E/INS212E
- Authors: Abuya, W , Abdullahi, A , Akpan, W
- Date: 2008-06
- Subjects: Sociology
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17965 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010536
- Description: Sociology and Industrial Sociology, Classical Sociological Theory/Theories of Industrial Society 2: SOC 212E/INS212E. Examinations June 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-06
Descriptive Chemistry: PAC 113F
- Authors: Hasheni, T , Mrwebi, M , Tichagwa, L , Ajibade, A P
- Date: 2008-07
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17825 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010378
- Description: Descriptive Chemistry: PAC 113F, supplementary degree examination July 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-07
Research Methods: SOC 211
- Authors: Wana, L , Makapela, L S
- Date: 2008-07
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17957 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010528
- Description: Research Methods:SOC 211, supplementary examinations July 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-07
Business Management 312
- Authors: Fatoki, O O , Rowles, M
- Date: 2008-08
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17431 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010241
- Description: Business Management: BEC 312 / 312E, August 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-08
An evaluation of citizen participation in policy implementation in the King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality
- Authors: Pafa, Zolekile Willie
- Date: 2008-09
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Citizen participation , Policy sciences -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24476 , vital:62980
- Description: The new political dispensation in South Africa requires that the municipal authorities should involve citizens in policy implementation. In this mini-dissertation, a study is undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of the citizen participation in policy implementation at the King Sabata Dalindyebo municipality. The study emanates from the assumption that citizens are not effectively involved in municipal matters. The main objectives of the study are provide a theoretical framework for policy implementation by describing and explaining its nature and place in Public Administration; provide a constitutional framework for citizen participation in South Africa; evaluate the role of citizens in policy implementation in the King Sabata Dalindyebo municipality; evaluate the interaction between citizens, the councillors and the chief officials in the above municipal authority; and where possible, include recommendations for the improvement of citizen participation in policy implementation in the above municipal authority. The study is envisaged as providing possible solution to the ineffective participation of citizens in municipal matters. The study presents an overview of the legislative framework and the role citizens can play. This is followed by the theoretical framework of the policy implementation within the municipal policy process. Based on the theoretical framework presented, an analysis is then made to prove whether citizens do participate in municipal matters in King Sabata Dalindyebo. It is envisaged that this study will promote the involvement of citizens in municipal matters in King Sabata Dalindyebo municipality. Finally, the study ends by providing recommendations to the problem of ineffective citizen participation in King Sabata Dalindyebo municipality. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2008
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- Date Issued: 2008-09
Agricultural Extension and Human Development: AGX 321
- Authors: Lategan, F S , Stevens, J B
- Date: 2008-11
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17683 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010084
- Description: Agricultural Extension and Human Development: AGX 321, degree examination November 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-11
Applied Extension and Rural Development: AGX 332
- Authors: Lategan, F S , Stevens, J B
- Date: 2008-11
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17684 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010085
- Description: Applied Extension and Rural Development: AGX 332, degreee examination November 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-11
Labour Process Studies: ILP 221E
- Authors: Abdullahi, Ali , Akpan, Wilson
- Date: 2008-11
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17969 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010541
- Description: Labour Process Studies: ILP 221E, examination November 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-11
Organizational Studies: IOS 222E
- Authors: Ngcebetsha, Tembeka , Akpan, Wilson
- Date: 2008-11
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17970 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010542
- Description: Organizational Studies: IOS 222E, examination November 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-11
Re-imagining rural agrarian transformation in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mwangolela, Tafadzwa Fungayi
- Date: 2008-11
- Subjects: Agricultural development projects , Agricultural innovations , Rural development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26559 , vital:65642
- Description: The research report is submitted to the School of Public Management and Development, University of Fort Hare as part of Masters in Public Administration requirements. The Provincial Growth and Development Plan 2004 2014 has identified agriculture as a critical pillar strategy of poverty reduction and growth in the Eastern Cape Province. The main aim of the study was to assess the viability of the agrarian transformation initiatives in the Eastern Cape. The study therefore was measuring the progress made by the agrarian transformation initiatives in selected areas versus the following variables food security, household community growth, participation and community involvement, and production support. In the attempt to achieve the main objectives, the study focused on the political economy of the rural as the policy context. The literature was an in-depth engagement with body of knowledge on agrarian transformations, with particular interest in governance participation and the impacts of agrarian initiatives in some countries. The product of literature analysis is the hypothetical model, termed the democratised rural agrarian transformation that should shape the policy implementation of agrarian reform. The study also undertook a field work that was guided by research methodology protocols from social science. The study thus collected primary data from 54 farmers participants drawn from 4 local municipalities within Chris Hani and Amathole District Municipalities. The findings of the study showed that there is still a challenge on the potential of rural agriculture to stimulate the improvement of food security status, and rural incomes. This reality is due to various factors such as poor farmer participation, weakness in coordination of the projects, limited access to extension services as a matter of capacity building. The study makes recommendations which are outlined a building local linkages integration with Local Economic Development initiatives and improvement of agrarian social infrastructure dynamic extension services, and political interventions. Conclusively there is need for an intergovernmental approach to the redress of the agrarian question in rural Eastern Cape. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2008
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- Date Issued: 2008-11