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Yintoninale

Yintonina le

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Yiba nabo wena Baba

Yesu langa lomphefumlo

Yenzekani nto zomhlaba

Xhosa beer drinks and their oratory

  • Authors: McAllister, Patrick A
  • Date: 1987
  • Subjects: Beer -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Drinking customs -- South Africa , Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:2120 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012863
  • Description: This is a study of 'beer drinks' among Xhosa people living in the Shixini administrative area of Willowvale district, Transkei. Beer drinks are defined as a 'polythetic' class of events distinguishable from other kinds of ceremonies and rituals at which beer may be consumed, and an attempt is made to outline their major characteristics. A detailed description of the way in which beer drinks are conducted is provided in Chapter 3, with emphasis on the symbolism involved in the allocation of beer, space and time, and on the speech events (including formal oratory) that occur. The main theoretical argument is that beer drinks may be regarded as 'cultural performances' in which social reality or 'practice' is dramatised and reflected upon, enabling people to infuse their experience with meaning and to establish guidelines for future action. This is achieved by relating social practice to cultural norms and values, in a dynamic rather than a static manner. It is demonstrated that the symbolism involved in beer drinking is highly sensitive to the real world and adjusts accordingly, which means that 'culture' is continually being reinterpreted. Despite poverty, a degree of landlessness and heavy reliance on migrant labour, Shixini people maintain an ideal of rural selfsufficiency and are able to partly fulfill this ideal, thereby maintaining a degree of independence and resistance to full incorporation into the wider political economy of southern Africa. They achieve this largely by maintaining a strong sense of community and of household interdependence, linked to a sense of Xhosa tradition. It is this aspect of social practice, manifested in a variety of forms - work parties, ploughing companies, rites of passage, and so on - that is dramatised, reflected upon and reinforced at beer drinks. In a definite sense then, beer drinks may be regarded as a response and a way of adapting to apartheid, and this study one of a community under threat.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1987

Woza msebenzi woza

Woza msebenzi woza

Work, son

Work son

Why you left me behind

Why do workers need trade unions

  • Authors: COSATU
  • Date: 1987
  • Subjects: COSATU
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175991 , vital:42649
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1987

Why didn't you tell me

Why are you wasting your life

Where is my brother

Where have you been

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