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The relationship between the alcohol use patterns and cognitive and symptomatic functioning of Rhodes University students

  • Authors: Mayson, Tamara Ann
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Drinking of alcholic beverages -- South Africa , Rhodes University -- Students -- Alcohol use , Alcohol -- Physiological effect
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:3270 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020327
  • Description: Introduction: Studies reveal differential cognitive effects of alcohol use, with moderate to heavy alcohol having some beneficial effects in older adults, whereas in young adulthood, heavier alcohol use produces deficits. The aim of the research was to investigate the relationship between patterns of alcohol use and the cognitive and symptomatic functioning of university students over one year, and to discern which demographic, clinical and alcohol factors might moderate cognitive outcomes. Method: The sample included undergraduate Psychology students from a South African University, aged 18 to 23 years (n = 86). The sample was divided into two alcohol use groups based on four categories from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (Babor et al., 2001), including a lighter drinking group (Safe/Hazardous, n = 74) and a heavier drinking group (Harmful/Dependent, n = 12). The two drinking groups were statistically equivalent for distribution of age, gender, English first language, race groups, history of neurological or psychiatric vulnerability, a measure of initial intelligence/cognitive reserve (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test: PPVT-4) (Dunn & Dunn, 2007) and for a measure of test-taking validity (Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test: ImPACT Impulse Control) (p = < 0.05 in all instances). Participants were tested on the computerized ImPACT battery (ImPACT, 2007) at three intervals over an academic year (May, August, October 2012). Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to investigate cognitive and symptomatic differences between the two alcohol use groups, in association with moderating factors. Results: The heavier drinking group revealed: (i) poorer performance on ImPACT Visual Motor Speed, Reaction Time and Cognitive Efficiency Index scores, including less ability to benefit from practice over time; (ii) symptom reports of severe Numbness/Tingling, Balance problems and Dizziness. Deleterious cognitive outcome was exacerbated by longer lifetime duration of alcohol use, passing out monthly, beer or wine drinking, smoking or substance use. Conclusion: Deleterious cognitive and symptomatic effects of heavy alcohol use are in evidence for undergraduate university students implicating current and/or cumulative alcohol induced brain impairment. The results of the study are of concern for optimal academic performance of students at an early stage of university level study, who engage in heavier (Harmful/Dependent) drinking patterns, with negative implications for future career attainment.
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  • Date Issued: 2016

The relationship between the concept 'art' and its institutionalisation during the period 1850-1871 in South Africa

  • Authors: Steyn, Pieter Andrew
  • Date: 1985
  • Subjects: Art, South African -- 19th century Art -- Political aspects Art and society -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
  • Identifier: vital:2438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005626
  • Description: This research evolved as part of a personal struggle to understand my role as 'art' student. As such the essay is concerned with both the theory and practice of 'art', and the relationship between the two. It is, however, my experience of the lack of an analysis of the concept 'art' as a social and historical phenomenon, and the suppression of the politics of culture in most fine art courses, that has led me to concentrate on theoretical and political issues, rather than the formal aspects of painting. This essay is therefore not concerned with individual 'works of art', but with the general category 'art' as an organisational form. Despite its limitations, the essay goes beyond the personal by exploring some of the social, political, economic and cultural processes that form the broader social context in which the examination of 'art' should take place.
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  • Date Issued: 1985

The relationship between the development and use of teaching and learning support materials: the case of "A year of special days" booklet

  • Authors: Urenje, Shepherd
  • Date: 2006
  • Subjects: Southern African Development Community Teaching -- Aids and devices -- South Africa Environmental education -- South Africa -- Case studies Environmental education -- Curricula -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:1724 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003607
  • Description: This research is an interpretive case study, which investigated the relationship between the development and use of the teaching and learning support material, “A Year of Special Days”. An in depth investigation was conducted in South Africa and Zimbabwe where developers and users of the booklet were asked to contribute their experiences with the booklet through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and workshops. Developers contributed on the purpose for which the booklet was produced while the users explained how the booklet was being used in different contexts. The research also tracked the development and use of booklet in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region through a workshop held at the Environmental Education Association of Southern Africa (EEASA) Conference in Lusaka, Zambia, in May 2005. Some personal interviews and informal encounters with people who have used it in the past and those using it now were also conducted at EEASA. This case study explored the axes of tension between the development and use of the resource material, “A Year of Special Days”, with the view to informing development and use of materials at the SADC Centre. A long-term intention is to use the framework developed, for similar work in the wider SADC region. The research recommended on how the SADC Centre can track the relationship between the materials developed at the Centre and their use in different contexts. The study established that the booklet “A Year of Special Days” was initially developed for informal education by faith communities mainly in the Anglican Church but turned out to be a resource more applicable for formal education mainly in the national school system of South Africa for environmental learning. That the resource material lacked effective monitoring support from the developers for the initial intended users where there was no formal education structure was an important link in materials development. It is important for resource materials developers to facilitate the participatory monitoring and evaluation of resource materials when they are in use. The study also established that SADC resources materials are easily adaptable and that the process of resource materials development offers important networking opportunities, which allow the adaptation and adoption of similar resource materials for local contexts. The booklet was adapted and adopted by at least eight countries in the form of a booklet, a calendar or a poster. This study provides some recommendations that may be used to guide the Southern African Development Community Regional Environmental Education Programme (REEP) to enhance processes in the development and adaptation of teaching and learning support materials by environmental educators in southern Africa.
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  • Date Issued: 2006

The relationship between the leadership, internal quality, and customer satisfaction levels of dealerships in a South African motor vehicle organisation

  • Authors: Botha, Jennifer
  • Date: 2002
  • Subjects: Consumer satisfaction , Automobile dealers -- South Africa , Industrial productivity , Customer services
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
  • Identifier: vital:1185 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002802 , Consumer satisfaction , Automobile dealers -- South Africa , Industrial productivity , Customer services
  • Description: This research investigates the relationship between the leadership, internal quality, and customer satisfaction levels in the dealerships of a South African motor vehicle organisation. The Service Profit Chain provides the background theory to this relationship, by suggesting that various factors within the service delivery system of an organisation affect the level of customer satisfaction. From the Service Profit Chain, it is established that two of the prevalent factors affecting customer satisfaction, are leadership and internal quality. The Full Range Leadership Development Theory provides the backdrop for analysing the leadership style of each dealership by using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The Competence Process forms the theoretical construct against which the internal quality of these dealerships is assessed using the Organisation Competence Analysis Questionnaire. Information was gathered, using these two instruments, from a sample of 85 motor vehicle dealerships within South Africa. The customer satisfaction levels at each of these dealerships, is measured by the motor vehicle organisation’s own instrument, known as the Customer Satisfaction Index. Data obtained from each instrument, for the respective dealerships, was then statistically analysed. However, due to the low reliability of the instruments used in this research, the results of this study indicate that there is no relationship between the leadership, internal quality, and customer satisfaction levels within a South African motor vehicle organisation. Therefore we can conclude that the null hypotheses can not be rejected.
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  • Date Issued: 2002

The relationship between the Orange Free State and the Rolong of Thaba 'Nchu during the presidency of J.H. Brand, 1864-1888

  • Authors: Wales, Janet Mary
  • Date: 1980
  • Subjects: Rolong (African people) -- Politics and government , Rolong (African people) -- Government relations , Free State (South Africa) -- Native races
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001850
  • Description: During the period 1864 to 1888, President J .H. Brand of the Orange Free State Republic had to deal with two Rolong chiefs at Thaba 'Nchu. The first, Chief Moroka II, ruled the Seleka tribe from 1829 to 1880, while his successor Tsipinare, a Tshidi-Rolong, ruled from 1880 to 1884. The majority of the Rolong at Thaba 'Nchu were of the Seleka division, but the minority groups, the Tshidi and Rapulana, also played an important role in the tribe's relations with the Free State.
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  • Date Issued: 1980

The relationship between the performance management development system and compensation: the case of the City of Cape Town Municipality

  • Authors: Ramaru, Murendeni Praise
  • Date: 2021-04
  • Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54836 , vital:47926
  • Description: This research was directed towards the current state of the relationship between the Performance Management Development System and compensation in the City of Cape Town Municipality. The research approach adopted in this study was a qualitative method. Desktop analysis and case study design were used as secondary data collection tools. Since the democratization of South Africa in 1994, the focus has been directed towards the maximising of economic growth and development. The road to development has been challenging since the inception of democracy. Organisations are operating in a dynamic and highly competitive environment which requires adjustments and development of strategies to remain relevant. Compensation is one of the ways different organisations have adopted as a strategy for attracting and retaining suitable employees as well as maintaining performance management. The essence of a well-functioning performance management development system has played a critical role in providing an effective system in the public service. The main objective of compensation is to ensure an organisation has the right resources necessary to motivate employees’ performance needed to achieve the organisational strategy. The study found that a compensation strategy leads to increased employees’ performance. The findings indicated that there is a positive connection between the compensation strategy and the performance of the employees. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2021
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  • Date Issued: 2021-04

The relationship between the value chain and project success in the Malawian construction industry

  • Authors: Kadangwe, Samuel Ronald
  • Date: 2013
  • Subjects: Construction industry -- Malawi , Industrial procurement -- Construction -- Malawi
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:9715 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020865
  • Description: The construction industry in Malawi plays a vital role in developing the infrastructure of the country that is in need of improvement. Thus, in order to improve the quality of infrastructure in Malawi, the construction industry has to perform better than the status quo. The construction industry is characterised by a complex value chain that comprises of clients, consultants, contractors, and material manufacturers, suppliers, financing institutions, knowledge organisations and regulatory authority. This research looks at the relationship between construction value and project success in the Malawian construction industry. A qualitative research method was used for compiling the primary data for the study. Twenty-nine (29) participants were interviewed. These participants represented clients, consultants, contractors and material suppliers. The findings reveal that value creation in Malawi is characterised by lack of harmonised standards and specifications, inconsistent project management practices, existence of non-value adding activities, corrupt practices, lack of a skilled labour force, and lack of commitment to best practices in H&S as well as environmental management. Further, logistical problems affect the supply of construction materials to the country; while an unfavourable economic environment makes pricing of materials a challenge in the country too. Poor communication and limited use of information technology (IT) is very common in the industry and project implementation is also affected by a poor road network, an intermittent power supply, and a lack of cooperation from other service providers. In terms of supply chain structures in use, the research revealed that the traditional procurement method that is based on the lowest bidder / price is the most dominant method in use and very few members of the construction industry are conversant with other procurement methods. The method is also the preferred procurement method used by public sector clients. The performance of the traditional procurement method largely depends on the competence of the project design and supervision team, the adequacy of the documentation, and the capacity of the contractor. However, in most cases the system has failed to perform due to the poor contract management skills of the supervising consultant and the lack of timely guidance from the public sector clients. The findings also revealed that most of the suppliers or subcontractors are engaged on project based relationships, and members of the industry are unwilling to engage in long terms relationships due to mistrust and greed among members of the industry, and also largely due to lack of proper frameworks that can support such relationships. It is therefore recommended that other procurement methods should be explored and the engagement of the lowest price bidders should be discontinued on small and medium scale projects. The criteria for upgrading contractors to higher categories should equally be revisited to eliminate incompetent contractors. The NCIC should take a leading role in harmonising the various standards and specifications in use in the country. Promotion of the usage IT services should be encouraged to facilitate faster information dissemination. Usage of risk management in construction and evaluation and monitoring of projects should be encouraged and benchmark best practices. Finally, the members of the industry should take up the responsibility to take leading entities in the industry to task, if fundamental changes are to take place in the industry.
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  • Date Issued: 2013

The relationship between three anxiety related clusters in projective drawings and anxiety and ego-strength scales of the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2

  • Authors: Brink, André
  • Date: 2002
  • Subjects: Projective techniques , Personality assessment , Personality tests , Anxiety , Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2942 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002451 , Projective techniques , Personality assessment , Personality tests , Anxiety , Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
  • Description: Based on the shortcomings of past research, the need for understanding and investigation of the general relationship between self-report measures and human figure drawings required understanding and investigation (Riethmiller & Handler, 1997b; Waehler, 1997) while utilising a quantitative, configural scoring approach. Riethmiller and Handler (1997a; 1997b) hypothesised that subjects have one of two typical approach styles to anxiety/stress that influences their execution of the Human Figure Drawing (HFD) Test: “Avoidance” or “Coping” as measured by composite scoring index clusters. They argue that these two approach styles had to be taken into account when investigating anxiety on the HFD Test. According to Handler and Reyher (1965) those who experience more intense anxiety typically rely on an “Avoidant” approach, while those with lower anxiety typically rely on a “Coping” approach. The “Coping” response is hypothesised to suggest good ego-strength, and the “Avoidant” response poor ego-strength. Handler and Reyher (1964; 1965; 1966) also argued that there are two sources of anxiety on projective drawings: internal and external sources of anxiety. They hypothesised that the “External” anxiety cluster (measured by utilising the car drawing) and self-report measures both assess ‘external’ anxiety. Using Handler’s (1967) HFD index scoring manual, this research therefore inve stigated the level of correlation of the two MMPI-2 anxiety scale scores with (a) the hypothesised Stress Approach HFD cluster scores, as well as with (b) the “External” anxiety cluster score, while the hypothesised Stress Approach HFD cluster scores were compared with the (c) MMPI-2 ego strength scale score. The results of the investigated relationships yielded non-significant correlations overall. The differences in nature of the two measurement instruments, and the potential weaknesses of this study, as two likely explanations for these correlations, are discussed. In the consideration of the differences of the two measurement instruments, the weaknesses of SR measures and criterion-related validity are discussed while self- attributed and implicit motives are contrasted with each other. Potential extraneous variables and possible truncated range are discussed as potential weaknesses of this study.
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  • Date Issued: 2002

The relationship between trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity

  • Authors: Farrington, Robin Mark
  • Date: 2004
  • Subjects: Anxiety sensitivity -- South Africa , Anxiety -- South Africa -- Testing
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:11021 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/352 , Anxiety sensitivity -- South Africa , Anxiety -- South Africa -- Testing
  • Description: Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is a useful psychological construct in understanding the development of general and clinical anxiety. An increased amount of research has recently been conducted in this area. Since the development of the 16-item Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), there has been deliberation in the literature about the relationship of the AS construct and the ASI, to the personality construct of trait anxiety. Central to this discus sion is the notion that AS is nothing more than trait anxiety. This position brings into question the conceptual and empirical validity of AS. This study aimed to explore and describe the relationship between trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity, through the use of an exploratory-descriptive correlational design. Levels of trait anxiety were determined through the use of subscales on the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and anxiety sensitivity through the use of the ASI. Using a convenience sampling technique, 84 student volunteers completed the 16PF and ASI. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. The results indicate that the sample group had the capacity to express emotional energy along integrated channels and was thus well suited for exploring the relationship between the construct of trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity. The relationship between trait anxiety and AS in the sample group was explored through the use of two statistical procedures. Firstly, the coefficient of determination (r²) was calculated and revealed that 24% of the variance among the ASI scores were attributable to variations in Factor QII scores of the 16PF and viceversa. Secondly, a multiple regression analysis technique revealed that 28% of the variance in the ASI score could be explained by the combination of factors Q4 (free- floating anxiety), O (guilt proneness), C (ego strength), L (suspiciousness), Q3 (ability to bind anxiety) of the 16PF. These key findings are in line with other research in that the constructs of trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity showed a level of variance. As such, it was concluded that although the constructs may be related, they are not synonymous.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

The relationship between trait anxiety, job insecurity and intention to quit among employees at Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality

  • Authors: Kavi, Bongiwe Morida
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Job security Job stress -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12337 , vital:39254
  • Description: There is relatively limited research based on trait anxiety, job insecurity and intention to quit and the relationship thereof. Job insecurity and anxiety are all reported in this study and in literature to have negative mental, emotional and even physical health hazards. The general objective of this study was to determine the moderating effect of trait anxiety on the relationship between job insecurity and intentions to quit. This study was solely quantitative in nature. The sample consisted of 122 municipality employees. The results emanating from the research indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between Trait anxiety, Job insecurity, and intention to quit among the sample of employees selected to participate in the research, which negatively influences job satisfaction, organisational commitment, job involvement and trust. The study also concluded that trait anxiety was a significant moderator to the relationship between job insecurity and employees’ intention to quit. However, adding job insecurity to trait anxiety did not significantly add unique variance in predicting intention to quit. Thus, adding job insecurity to trait anxiety as an additional predictor on intention to quit, results in a nonsignificant increase in the amount of variation. The findings will aid human resource officers, managers and practitioners who work with the objective of attracting, recruiting and retaining the best staff, the study recommends these stakeholders to continuously review the factors and aspects of the job that may invite the feeling of insecurity on the part of employees.
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  • Date Issued: 2019

The relationship between Union Representatives and school management teams in the Tsolo District: implications for school management

  • Authors: Maqhubela, V
  • Date: 2011
  • Subjects: School management -- Labour Unions
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
  • Identifier: vital:18416 , http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1006573
  • Description: This dissertation is a report of the study that was conducted in rural schools of Tsolo district in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study was about the relationship between union representatives and school management teams. The study was conducted because the researcher is a site steward in the present school where the researcher working and is always dealing with conflicts that usually occur between the S.M.T and Union members and has to address these issues regularly. This problem made the researcher to be interested and want to know further from other schools of what is the situation. This was done through focus group interviews and the study was qualitative research paradigm. There were questions that were drafted and participants were asked to respond according to the questions. The participants were as follows 11 SMT members and 18 union representatives. The study findings highlighted the role that SMT could play in the smooth running of the school and in addressing tensions to enhance effective work. The study also illuminated the issue of being bias among the SMT in some unions and dictatorship by S.M.T members. The study findings highlight the role the S.M.T should play and the issue of consultation before any decision should be taken as an integral part. The study also showed that there was a need for schools to know the South African legislation so as to go along with correct rules and regulations when addressing different issues.
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  • Date Issued: 2011

The relationship between values-based leadership and employee engagement

  • Authors: Simon, Bridgette Virginia
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa Employee motivation -- South Africa , Management -- Employee participation -- South Africa Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20220 , vital:29159
  • Description: Sustaining competitiveness requires organisations to continuously reinvent themselves, consider both external influences as well as internal risk that may affect the company as a market leader. Organisations that have acknowledged that a relationship between engaged employees and business success exists, would seek ways to foster and facilitate the engagement of their workers through their leadership. The primary objective of the study was to determine whether a relationship exists between values-based leadership and employee engagement. The aim was to contribute to the quality of leadership values, behaviour and influence at Coca-Cola Beverages South Arica by gaining a deeper understanding of leadership and employee engagement. The theoretical study explored the definitions, key concepts, benefits and outcomes of both values based leadership and employee engagement. It provided a detailed literature review of the role of leadership in creating a values based organisation, what values-based leadership encompasses and its relationship with employee engagement. The theoretical overview highlighted that leadership is an influential factor in employee engagement and the extent to which employees feel valued and connected to the organisation’s goals. The theoretical overview further confirmed that leadership values, behaviour and influence are interrelated and exert an influence on employee engagement, thereby strengthening the fact that there is a relationship between values-based leadership and employee engagement. A structured web-based survey, with a questionnaire, was used to corroborate the theoretical findings and to assess employees’ perceptions of the prevalence of values–based leadership and employee engagement. A sample of 269 respondents was selected to participate in the empirical study and 167 responded to the survey, which yielded a 62% per cent response rate. The key findings of the study indicate that strong correlations exist between leadership values, behaviours and influence and that these concepts were interrelated. Furthermore, the study confirmed that values–based leadership was an important factor in employee engagement and specifically in terms of the physical, emotional and social components of engagement and less so in terms of the cognitive component. Values-based leadership and engagement were identified as critical factors in ensuring that organisations are well equipped to deal with the current volatile economic environment and to consider ways to maintain and accelerate their profitability and competitiveness in order to remain a sustainable business. It is strong values that underpin the performance of highly successful and sustainable organisations; coupled with effective leadership as a key driving force.
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  • Date Issued: 2017

The relationship between work engagement and psychological meaningfulness

  • Authors: Faro, Gillian Rochelle
  • Date: 2021-04
  • Subjects: Employee motivation , Organizational behavior , Psychology, Industrial
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51360 , vital:43267
  • Description: Work engagement is a positive psychological construct that according to research predicts positive organisational outcomes. The overarching objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between work engagement and psychological meaningfulness and to determine whether work engagement can be predicted by means of psychological meaningfulness. This study took on the form of a cross-sectional design, using a questionnaire to measure work engagement and psychological meaningfulness. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and the Psychological Meaningfulness Scale (PMS) are instruments that have been widely used in research and were both found to be reliable and valid. The questionnaire was administered in the form of a paper and pencil self-administered questionnaire. This study was conducted at a mining/manufacturing company based in the Eastern Cape for employees across all occupational levels (N=202) and the sample was selected using non-probability convenience sampling as participation in the study was voluntary. Descriptive statistic methods were used to analyse the data, as well as an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation data analysis methods were utilised to measure the relationship between variables. The study found a strong positive relationship between work engagement and psychological meaningfulness and that a large portion of the respondents scored moderate to high on work engagement and high on psychological meaningfulness. The study also found that there is a positive relationship between work engagement and age in that older employees are more engaged than younger employees. Male respondents were found to have higher levels of psychological meaningfulness. Lastly, the study revealed that psychological meaningfulness predicts work engagement. Research and organisational recommendations based on the research are discussed. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Labour Relations and Human Resources, 2021
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  • Date Issued: 2021-04

The relationship between work place well-being, psychological capital and work place trust

  • Authors: Schoeman, Johannes Dames
  • Subjects: Well-being , Trust , Work -- Psychological aspects , Job satisfaction
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
  • Identifier: vital:9406 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013044
  • Description: A study of the available literature on Workplace Well-being, Positive Organisational Capital and Workplace Trust revealed that enormous potential existed for further research. This is a relatively new field with limited literature and research evidence available. It became very clear from the beginning that the relationships between these constructs could successfully be researched. It was therefore decided to embark on an academic research journey in order to contribute to the existing knowledge available on these constructs within the South African business scenario. This quantitative research was used to obtain more clarity about the relationships between the three constructs and to gather the responses from the research population. This research group consisted of 228 managers from the manufacturing operation of a motor vehicle production company and 224 managers from their National Dealership network. The research sample consisted of 452 managers. Three questionnaires were integrated to develop the composite Workplace Wellbeing Questionnaire and consisted of i) Workplace Well-being questionnaire developed by Parker and Hyett (2011), ii) PSYCAP Questionnaire developed by Luthans, Youssef and Avolio (2007), and iii) Workplace Trust Survey developed by Ferres (2001). The managers (n = 452) responded to a 91–item electronic questionnaire. Seven research questions were formulated and covered areas such as: The content, validity and portability of the measuring instruments; The configuration of the various constructs; Relationships between some of the variables; The effect of demographical data on the research variables and; The building of a research model. The content and the structure of the measuring instruments were assessed by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA). These assessments showed that the original measuring instruments are not portable to a culture which is different to the one where they were originally developed. The relationships between the variables were determined by: Pearson product moment correlation; Multiple Regression co-efficient; ANOVA and Cohen’s d Test. The relationship between aspects of Workplace Well-being (Job satisfaction) and trust is a significant finding; so are some aspects of PSYCAP (sense of achievement and optimism) and Trust and Well-being. Trust has shown a definite relationship with Work- place well-being. A structural equation model was built to test the relationships between the elements of Workplace Well-being, PSYCAP and Workplace Trust. No satisfactory fit of the model on the data was obtained, although strong correlations between some of the variables existed. The significance of the findings of this study and the contribution that it makes to the existing theory is seen in the importance of the portability of measuring instruments. Recommendations in this regard have been made in Chapter 5. Various findings have also highlighted the relationships between Workplace Well-being, PSYCAP and Work-place Trust. The importance of future research topics has been recommended and a proposal has been made to consider a longitudinal well-being research study.
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The relationship between work-family conflict and job stress on organisational commitment: a study of selected hospitals within the health department in the Kkonkobe municipality of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

  • Authors: Ruzungunde, Vongai Sarah
  • Date: 2014
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/955 , vital:26512
  • Description: The aim of this research was to assess whether and to what extent does work-family conflict (WFC) and job stress affect organisational commitment of the employees within the health department. The quantitative design was used for the purposes of this study and the sample consisted of 141 respondents from selected hospitals within the Nkonkobe Municipality. The cluster sampling method was used to select the hospitals and then the simple random sampling was used to select the sample from the cluster. Data was analysed using both inferential and descriptive statistical analysis such as SAS 9.1, T-test scale and The Pearson Correlation Analysis. The results of the study showed significant positive relationships between WFC and job stress. Also, both WFC and job stress showed negative relationships with organisational commitment showing that they affect the commitment of workers. These findings are helpful and useful to the health department in implementing policies and procedures that will reduce WFC and job stress in employees in order to ensure that high levels of commitment towards the organisation are maintained for optimal success.
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  • Date Issued: 2014

The relationship between work-family conflict, stress and burnout among South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) employees

  • Authors: Connie, Silingile Yanga
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Work family conflict -- Stress , Burn out (Psychology)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/966 , vital:26513 , Work family conflict -- Stress , Burn out (Psychology)
  • Description: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between work-family conflict, stress and burnout among South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) employees. For this purpose data was collected from the SASSA agency offices in Alice, King Williams Town and East London. A sample of 72 agency employees was drawn from the population. Results of the study indicated that the study variables are significantly positively correlated with one another. Work family conflict was found to be significantly positively correlated with stress. Stress was also found to be significantly positively correlated with burnout. A significant positive relationship was also found to exist between work family conflict and burnout. The findings of this study are helpful in the social security agency industry in order to design human resources policies which will reduce turnover of agency employees by reducing stress, work family conflict and burnout among the agency employees.
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  • Date Issued: 2014

The relationship between workplace trust, work engagement and turnover intentions

  • Authors: Gouws, Rumelda Hendrieka
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Organizational behavior Manufacturing industries
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , Mcom
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48124 , vital:40494
  • Description: The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether relationships exist between workplace trust, work engagement and turnover intentions. Moreover, it also investigated the significant demographical differences of the constructs. This study is of a positive psychology paradigm and primarily non-experimental cross-sectional and correlational in nature. The participants were from the workforce of a large manufacturing organisation (n=568) within the Eastern Cape. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used. Data was collected through the aid of self-administered standardised paper-and-pencil questionnaires, which incorporated the Workplace Trust Survey, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Turnover Intentions Scale. Only instruments that showed construct validity and reliability were used. The necessary steps were taken to ensure that plagiarism, bias, data manipulation and physical and/or emotional harm was avoided, whereas confidentiality and anonymity were maintained. Only 140 questionnaires were returned, from which only 104 were fully completed. Data analysis and interpretation were performed with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods. Pearson’s product-moment correlations were used to determine statistically significant relationships between the constructs. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used to determine significant demographical differences between the constructs. It was found that all three measuring instruments had Cronbach’s alpha scores above 0.80, indicating good internal reliability and validity. The findings of the study identified a number of correlations between the constructs and their factors. It was found that a positive relationship exists between workplace trust and work engagement, as well as between the factors of both these constructs. A negative relationship was found between turnover intentions and both workplace trust and work engagement and their respective factors. Significant demographical differences were found for gender on the workplace trust scale, and two of its factors (trust in the organisation and in the immediate manager), and vigour. In addition to this, significant demographical differences were found for race on the workplace trust scale and two of its factors, namely trust in the organisation and in the immediate manager. This research study’s findings made a valuable contribution to the field of workplace trust, work engagement, turnover intentions and the manufacturing environment. The results of this study hold important implications for the organisation in question and provide a platform for future research studies. This study aids in better understanding the relationships between the constructs and their variables, to formulate better retention and enhancement strategies.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020

The relationship between workplace well-being and authentic leadership

  • Authors: Vezile, Sindile
  • Date: 2021-04
  • Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52971 , vital:44900
  • Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between authentic leadership and employee well-being. Data was collected from an online questionnaire survey sent to 141 Special Economic Zone employees who worked as non-managerial employees. Ninety-four employees responded. The collected data was analysed using statistical tools from SPSS 20. Subsequently, descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations and correlations were used to summarise information for demographic variables, authentic leadership and well-being. In addition, ANOVA was used to determine sub-group differences. First, it has been shown that project managers were seen by their subordinates as trustworthy leaders. Second, there was a connection between authentic leadership and well-being in the workplace. Third, it was discovered that all aspects of ethical leadership, apart from Work Intrusion (IoW), had a relationship with organisational well-being. Fourth, it has shown that males and females experience different levels of job satisfaction and feel differently about respect for the organisation. Keywords: Well- , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Industrial Psychology and Human Resources, 2021
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 2021-04

The relationship of academic aptitude and study habits to academic success : a study of first year students' experience of academic life with specific reference to the University of Fort Hare

  • Authors: Penny, Alan Joseph
  • Date: 1980
  • Subjects: Academic achievement , Student adjustment -- South Africa , College students, Black -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:1379 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001445
  • Description: Any enquiry follows some incident which has prompted the question that leads to the enquiry. This study was prompted by a review of the 1974 first year examination results at the University of Fort Hare. The average percentage pass rate for that year was 59.3%. The cynic may remark that this is no different to the first year pass rate at white South African universities (cf. Erens and Louw, 1978), but when it is realised that students entering Fort Hare, or any other black university for that matter, are a highly select group, these figures have more Impact. The consequences of failure in terms of the wastage of human potential are immense (cf. Auerbach, 1977) but are more critical when this occurs, as It does, "... in a society which is competitive rather than co-operative, where people are for ever being classified according to what they have rather than that they can contribute and where competition plus classification inevitably breeds fears." Bligh (1978). A review of the first year examination results for the five years from 1971 revealed an average pass rate of 55.5% and for 1976, 1977 and 1978 a marked decline to 39.32%. For the earlier period, Downing (1977) found that 19.69% of students completed their degree courses In the minimum number of years. For the latter period (1976 to 1978) this has dropped to 16.3%, which, with the figure for the earlier period, suggests that whilst the failure rate may be highest at the end of the first year, in subsequent years it is also high. In this respect Fort Hare differs from white universities where about 75% of students complete their degrees in minimum time (cf. Erens and Louw, 1978)
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1980

The relationship of general retention ability to new South African group test non-verbal/verbal IQ discrepancies and their academic correlates

  • Authors: Watson, Peter James
  • Date: 1992
  • Subjects: Intellect Intelligence tests -- South Africa Academic achievement -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:1725 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003608
  • Description: Both experimental research (Robbertse,1952)and clinical observation (Kruger, 1972; van der Merwe,1978) have indicated that pupils with a Verbal IQ score 10 or more points lower than their non-Verbal IQ (termed a 'Type 1' discrepancy in the present research) on the New South African Group Test (NSAGT) show poorer academic achievement than their peers of similar ability. The present research investigates the relationship of general retention ability, as defined by Hakstian and Cattell (1978), to Type 1 discrepancies as well as to their academic correlates. One hundred and thirty-nine standard seven English-speaking boys were tested on the NSAGT and the Junior Aptitude Test (JAT) (of which tests 8 and 9 give an indication of general retention ability) and divided into a group with Type 1 discrepancies and two control groups. All three groups were matched on full-scale IQ. Comparison of these three groups, using the analysis of variance technique, showed that there was no significant difference between them in level of general retention ability or in academic performance (measured by average percentage in the final standard seven examination). While no significant difference was found between the three groups regarding the relationship of general retention ability to academic performance, in the Type 1 discrepancy group the relationship of rote memory (JAT test 8) to academic performance differed markedly from that of associative memory (JAT test 9) to academic performance. In the Type 1 discrepancy group rote memory was highly associated with academic performance, possibly indicating a compensatory strategy for the lower Verbal ability in this group, enabling it to achieve academically on par with the control groups, contrary to what would be expected on the basis of Robbertse's (1962) findings. In terms of Jensen's (1982) Level 1/Level 11 theory of intelligence, it appears from the present research that rote memory ability (JAT test 8) varies between being a Level 11 ability (in the Type 1 discrepancy group) to acting as a Level 1 ability in the two control groups. The present research questions Verwey and Wolmarans's (1980) description of both JAT tests 8 and 9 as simple measures of retention Test 9, in particular, appears to function consistently as a Level 11 ability.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1992
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