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The effects of social media on relationship patterns among adolescents: A study of students in three selected high schools of Alice in Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Authors: Kalasaru, Onai Ronald https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-4250
  • Date: 2014-11
  • Subjects: Online social networks , Mass media and children
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25085 , vital:63966
  • Description: Technology with the aid of the internet and social media has brought so much into the world, it has managed to reach and develop almost the entire world and this includes remote areas of Sub-Saharan countries like South Africa. These are the least developed and usually the last regions of the world to receive technology. It should be noted that most of the times, technology is bound to make an impact as people use it and this was the motive behind this study which aimed at assessing the effects of socialised media on adolescents who are the future of South Africa. In the study, the researcher aims at discovering whether the use of social media engines among adolescents affects the ways with which they relate with one another. The study which adopted a quantitative methodology was conducted on matriculating students from three randomly selected schools from within and surrounding town of Alice in Eastern Cape South Africa. Respondents were sampled conveniently and data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. From the results and conclusions, it showed that technology has reached South Africa’s remote areas and young people like adolescents have many uses for it. However, they proved that even though they now have technology in form of the internet and social media, it does not affect the ways with which they form and maintained social relations. This means that technology does not have a significant impact in the relationship patterns of adolescents in remote areas of South Africa. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
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  • Date Issued: 2014-11

The effects of the transformation process on the health service in Limpopo provincial government of South Africa

  • Authors: Madzivhandila, Mushavhani Wilson
  • Date: 2011
  • Subjects: Provincial government -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Human services -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Medical care -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Public health -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Apartheid -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Limpopo (South Africa) -- Economic conditions , Limpopo (South Africa) -- Social conditions , Limpopo (South Africa) -- Politics and government
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (in Public Administration)
  • Identifier: vital:11662 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007095 , Provincial government -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Human services -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Medical care -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Public health -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Apartheid -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Limpopo (South Africa) -- Economic conditions , Limpopo (South Africa) -- Social conditions , Limpopo (South Africa) -- Politics and government
  • Description: The Republic of South Africa emerged as 'a product of a historical moment' and also as a reaction against imperialism, colonialism, racial discrimination and domination over the majority of black South Africans by the white minority. The democratic dispensation came into being also for the first time in its life in memorial for a long turbulent history followed by the general democratic elections held on 27th April 1994. The 1994 first general election liberated South Africa from the apartheid system and its subsequent primary objective was “… to transform South Africa into a non-racial and democratic society”. The new democratic government now looks politically different from the racist regime because the current government since 1994 has been, and to date still is, a truly and broadly representative of the South African citizens and also a transparent one, whereas the defunct apartheid government was characterized primarily by, among other things, the violation of human rights, denying black South Africans of any rights of basic services, no rights of owning property or land, no freedom of association and speeches and firmly practised discrimination which was detrimental to the majority of the black population groups in this country. According to the then President Nelson Mandela whilst addressing the ANC masses that were commemorating the eighty-third (83rd) anniversary of the African National Congress on the 8th January 1995, democracy entails “… a thorough-going process of transformation, of overcoming the political, social and economic legacy of apartheid colonialism, of racism, sexism and class oppression.” The government is still grappling with the challenge of ensuringa better life for all the citizens of this country (http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=ancdocs/history/jan8-95html:1).
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  • Date Issued: 2011

The effects of Zimbabwe’s economic crises on child welfare: a case of Chitungwiza Town

  • Authors: Midzi, Tendai
  • Date: 2021-01
  • Subjects: Child welfare -- Economic aspects , Crisis management -- Economic aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22401 , vital:52045
  • Description: This study examined the effects of Zimbabwe’s economic crisis on the welfare of children (analysed in terms of two indicators of health and education) in Chitungwiza. The study endeavoured to achieve the following specific objectives: (i).to assess the effect of Zimbabwe’s economic crisis on the welfare of children in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. (ii). to examine child support strategies that are implemented to sustain children during economic crisis in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. The economic exigencies and shocks spawned by economic crisis on the weak welfare systems of the developing world countries drastically undermine the wellbeing of children. Therefore, this study focused on analysing the economic crises-spawned form and scale of child vulnerabilities at the household and national level because these units provide primary child care in Zimbabwe. This study was underpinned by two frameworks namely, the Social Risk Management Approach (SRMA) and the Transformative Social Protection Framework (T.S.P). The study used a mixed methods or triangulation approach, through use of primary data (quantitative and qualitative data) and secondary data (archival data) as the basis for data collection as well as the analysis. This was guided by a mixed research design specifically a case study and a mini survey. Complementarity of the research methods was achieved through the use of data from household surveys with 100 heads of households (selected through a combination cluster and random sampling) in Chitungwiza Town and in-depth interviews with 1 official from each of the following units; Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, the Ministry of Public Service Labor, and Social Welfare, Ministry of Health and Child care, UNICEF, the National Social Security Authority (NSSA) and Child Line Zimbabwe (selected through a purposive sampling technique). Data was analyzed qualitatively through thematic analysis, while descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data through the use of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 25) and Microsoft Excel 2007. The study revealed that there are so many child vulnerabilities entrenched by the country’s chronic economic crisis that include poor education and health outcomes, drug abuse and juvenile delinquency, early pregnancies and child marriages, child labour and exploitation among others. Social safety nets in place such as BEAM, AMTO and HSCT are to some extent helping vulnerable children but currently these are not covering a significant percentage of children from poor households due to budget, capacity and fund appropriation challenges at the behest of the country’s economic crisis. Household child support strategies such as smallholder agriculture and gardening, informal trading and jobs are to some extent helping in promoting child wellbeing but their potential is undercut by challenges relating to inter alia the hyperinflationary economic environment, regulation and suppressed markets. The study inter alia recommends the institution of transparency and accountability as provided in the 2013 constitution to curb leakages and misallocation of the few resources, the reinstatement of the multicurrency monetary system in order to stabilise the country’s hyperinflationary environment, a transformation of the delivery of social safety nets in terms of targeting and coverage of the poor households, more effective budgeting and resource allocation system, supporting the informal sector and enhanced integration of social work practise in government social protection programs. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
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  • Date Issued: 2021-01

The efficacy and toxicological effects of aloe ferox mill. used in the management of constipation in Nkonkobe municipality of the Eastern Cape province, South Africa

  • Authors: Wintola, Olubunmi Abosede A
  • Date: 2011
  • Subjects: Asphodelaceae -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Aloe -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Herbs -- Therapeutic use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Constipation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poisonous plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Traditional medicine -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Ethnobotany)
  • Identifier: vital:11882 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/485 , Asphodelaceae -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Aloe -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Herbs -- Therapeutic use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Constipation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poisonous plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Traditional medicine -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Description: Herbal remedies are commonly used in developing countries for the treatment of various diseases, including constipation. The rationale for utilizing medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases rested largely on the belief that they are safe and free of side effects. However, there is limited scientific evidence on the safety and efficacy of these herbal medicines to back up their continued therapeutic application. Aloe ferox Mill. (Aspodelaceae), known as Cape aloe, locally called ikhala is a medicinal plant used by the people of the Eastern Cape Province for the treatment of gastrointestinal problems and constipation. The plant is a perennial shrub with thick succulent leaves bearing brown thorns on the margin and bright orange flowers arranged in oval lanceolate. It occurs in all weather in bush veld, road side, gardens and undisturbed places. According to the ethnomedicinal information, A. ferox is used as purgative. This research project was therefore designed to evaluate its ability in the treatment of constipation and to investigate its possible toxicological property. At the beginning of this programme, a survey of plants used for the treatment of constipation in Nkonkobe Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province was carried out using a questionnaire, which was administered to herbalists, traditional healers and rural dwellers. The study revealed 10 plant species from 8 families that are used for the treatment of constipation in the province. Four plants, Aloe ferox Mill, Boophone distischa L.f Herb, Alepidea amatybica Eckl and Artemisia afra Jacq, were repeatedly mentioned. Based on the frequency of usage, perceived efficacy and availability to the rural dwellers and the traditional healers, Aloe ferox was the most commonly used of the plants for the treatment of constipation. The plant was thus, chosen for the study. The invivo laxative effect of the aqueous extract of Aloe ferox in the treatment of loperamide-induced constipation in Wistar rats was investigated at varying concentrations. The leaf extract at all the dosages investigated (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) improved intestinal motility, increased fecal volume and normalized body weight in the constipated rats. This was an indication of its laxative properties. However, the laxative property of the herb at 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract showed best efficacy and compares favourably well with senokot, a standard laxative drug. These findings have therefore, lent scientific credence to the folkloric use of the herb by the people of the Eastern Cape of South Africa as a laxative agent. Toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Aloe ferox in loperamide-induced constipation was studied at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight. The oral administration of the extracts did not show any significant effect on the liver and kidney body weight ratios as well as the kidney and liver function indices. The extracts, at all the dosages investigated, did not alter the levels of creatinine, uric acid, urea, calcium and potassium ions. Similarly, the levels of total protein, albumin, bilirubin and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were not significantly different from the control. The plant extract appreciably normalized the elevated activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in the untreated constipated rats following treatment with the extract. The extract did not show a significant effect on the hematological parameters except for the increase in the lymphocyte count in the untreated constipated rats, which was attenuated after administering the herb. ThThe available evidence in this study suggests that A. ferox may be safe as an oral remedy for constipation. Generally, the effect of the extract compared favourably well with senokot, a recommended drug for the treatment of constipation. The antioxidant activities against 1, 1 diphenyl- 2 picrylhydrazl (DPPH), 2,2’ – azinobis [3- ethylbenzothiazoline -6- sulfonic acid] diammonium salt (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation and the ferric reducing agents were investigated spectrophotometrically. Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols and proanthocyanidin were also determined to assess their effects on the antioxidants activity of this plant. The phytochemical content of the ethanol and acetone extracts were consistently high compared to other solvents extracts. The level of tannins was not significant (P > 0.05) as compared with other solvent extracts. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was high even at lower concentrations (0.025 mg/ml) except in DPPH and lipid peroxidation. The ferric reducing potential of the extracts was concentration dependent and significantly different from Vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) that were used as standard drugs. The present study showed a high level of scavenging activity of the leaf extracts of Aloe ferox in all the solvent extracts. Both ethanol and methanolic extract showed potent antioxidant activities than acetone and aqueous extracts. The study indicated that the leaf extracts of Aloe ferox might be a valuable source of natural antioxidant for both medicine and food industries. A. ferox leaf consists of the gel, latex and mesophyll layer; however, the main active constituents of the latex and the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox are anthraquinones which are believed to be responsible for the laxative property. The laxative compound in Aloe ferox leaf extract was isolated and characterized by extracting the plant material in methanol and extract suspended in distilled water. Partitioning was done with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol respectively and was co-spotted with the over-the-counter (OTC) laxative drugs. This led to the successive column chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the most active ethyl acetate fraction on silica gel with benzene/ethanol/ammonia hydroxide (BEA: 90:10:1), ethyl acetate/methanol/water (EMW: 40:5.4:5) and chloroform/ethyl acetate/formic acid (CEF: 50:40:10) as the mobile phase. The successive chromatograph and TLC afforded two compounds of Rf 0.420 (blue) and 0.831 (yellow) with the over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. These compounds were not totally elucidated due to their small quantity and instability. However, hydroxyl (OH) and carboxyl groups (COOH) was established as common to the extracted compounds, which might be responsible for the biological activity recorded for the plant extract.
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  • Date Issued: 2011

The efficacy of coordinating role of the state ministry of cabinet affairs: a case study - Jonglei State, South Sudan

  • Authors: Nathan, Alice Tiyo
  • Date: 2013
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
  • Identifier: vital:11651 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006973
  • Description: The research attempts to investigate the effectiveness of coordination in the State Ministry of Cabinet Affairs (SMCA), Jonglei State government, South Sudan. The objectives of the study were to identify coordination functions of the state Ministry of Cabinet Affairs, challenges and its role in promoting ethics and good governance in service delivery in Jonglei State. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected from a sample of twenty one respondents which included the State Deputy Governor, Directors of SMCA and Secretariat through questionnaires and interviews. This explored the functions; roles; and its organizational hierarchy which promotes ethical delivery of services and good governance. The study further discusses the levels of the implementation processes and the possible challenges facing SMCA. The results of the study reveal that the SMCA lacks qualified staff, unclear job descriptions and as a result it impinges on coordination and implementation of strategic plans and service delivery within the directorates. The study therefore recommends that for effective and efficient service delivery in promoting ethics and good governance, training of the human resource, recruitment of competent staff, clear job descriptions, regular performance appraisal and effective communication among others are paramount. The study further recommends that gender equality and equity should be addressed in order to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the community.
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  • Date Issued: 2013

The efficacy of education decentralisation policy in Zimbabwe: a case of Kadoma district

  • Authors: Mupindu, Wisemen
  • Date: 2008
  • Subjects: Universities and colleges -- Decentralization -- Zimbabwe , Education and state -- Zimbabwe
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Dev)
  • Identifier: vital:11410 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/202 , Universities and colleges -- Decentralization -- Zimbabwe , Education and state -- Zimbabwe
  • Description: The study focused on the efficacy of the democratic education decentralization policy. The study focused on the efficacy of the democratic education decentralization policy implementation of the four schools of Kadoma District in Zimbabwe. The thesis reviewed literature and discussed the concept of the democratic education decentralization policy implementation and how this has been practiced in Zimbabwe. The theoretical basis of democratic education decentralization policies were outlined and the argument for and against the policy discussed. Thus the dissertation explored the concept of education decentralization policy with specific reference to the notions of democratization and participation in Zimbabwe. Besides the qualitative and the quantitative research methods employed, the study was complemented by the observation on the ground and document analysis. The thesis unearthed that; the democratic education decentralization policy is characterized by some successes and problems during implementation of the policy as indicated by the paucity of the teaching and learning resources. The research findings revealed that, there is prevalence of poor learning outcomes at ‘O’ level in schools; the SDCs/SDAs are underutilized sources of school development because they are not fully empowered by the education system since they had a minimum role in participating towards the implementation of the policy in order to acquire the teaching and learning resources at the schools in Kadoma District. The above findings long-established the view held by critical theorists of the Participatory Governance Model that there is a complementary relationship between the participation of the SDC/SDA in acquiring the teaching as well as the learning resources and the academic performance of learners. Thus, the study concluded that decentralization policy implementation was the major driving force in strengthening efficiency and accountability of resources and results.mplementation of the four schools of Kadoma District in Zimbabwe. The thesis reviewed literature and discussed the concept of the democratic education decentralization policy implementation and how this has been practiced in Zimbabwe. The theoretical basis of democratic education decentralization policies were outlined and the argument for and against the policy discussed. Thus the dissertation explored the concept of education decentralization policy with specific reference to the notions of democratization and participation in Zimbabwe. Besides the qualitative and the quantitative research methods employed, the study was complemented by the observation on the ground and document analysis. The thesis unearthed that; the democratic education decentralization policy is characterized by some successes and problems during implementation of the policy as indicated by the paucity of the teaching and learning resources. The research findings revealed that, there is prevalence of poor learning outcomes at ‘O’ level in schools; the SDCs/SDAs are underutilized sources of school development because they are not fully empowered by the education system since they had a minimum role in participating towards the implementation of the policy in order to acquire the teaching and learning resources at the schools in Kadoma District. The above findings long-established the view held by critical theorists of the Participatory Governance Model that there is a complementary relationship between the participation of the SDC/SDA in acquiring the teaching as well as the learning resources and the academic performance of learners. Thus, the study concluded that decentralization policy implementation was the major driving force in strengthening efficiency and accountability of resources and results.
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  • Date Issued: 2008

The efficacy of revenue collection strategies in local government: the case of Yei River County, South Sudan

  • Authors: Logoro, John Mogga Ezekiel
  • Date: 2014
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1092 , vital:26526
  • Description: The study explores the Efficacy of Revenue Collection Strategies in Local Government as a Public Sector management tool for service provision in Yei River County – Republic of South Sudan. The main research question being pursued sought to find out the extent to which Revenue collection strategies can be an effective tool for public sector management and service provision in Yei River County. The study used both quantitative data (obtained through questionnaire survey) and qualitative data (through in-depth responses from County staff). The findings of the study seem to indicate that ineffective revenue collection strategies are being utilised by the local government officials. Some members of the communities and traders were still ignorant as to why they should be paying taxes which makes many of them to evade paying taxes. The study also reveals some challenges such as corrupt practices, poverty and illiteracy as some of the hindrances to effective revenue collection. However, there is a degree of success in revenue collection in the County as evidenced by the ongoing development activities such as urban road repairs which were financed by local taxes. A lot needs to be done in order to improve revenue collection in this County of Yei River County if services are to be delivered effectively and efficiently to the people. It is therefore strongly recommended that there is a need to put in place good educative measures to ensure that the citizens are informed about why they should be paying taxes to the County other than evading taxes and above all, the County need to strengthen the County Revenue Authority for better revenue collection.
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  • Date Issued: 2014

The efficacy of the United Nations in conflict resolution: a study of the response of the security council to the Darfur conflict in the Sudan

  • Authors: Fabrice, Tambe Endoh
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Humanitarian law -- Sudan -- Darfur , Humanitarian assistance -- Sudan -- Darfur , Genocide -- Sudan -- Darfur
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
  • Identifier: vital:11119 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006233 , Humanitarian law -- Sudan -- Darfur , Humanitarian assistance -- Sudan -- Darfur , Genocide -- Sudan -- Darfur
  • Description: Sudan is located in the Northern part of the African continent and has a total land mass of 2.5 million square kilometres, with an estimated population of about 39.15 million people.1 Before the secession that established the South as an independent state from the North, Sudan was the largest country on the continent and hitherto was administered as a colony under the British mandate. From 1898 the United Kingdom (UK) and Egypt administered Sudan as an Anglo-Egyptian territory but North and South Sudan were administered as separate provinces of the condominium.2 In the early 1920s, the British passed the Closed District Ordinances which stipulated that passports were required for travelling between the two zones. Permits were also required to conduct business from one zone to the other, and totally separate administrations prevailed.3 However, in 1946 the British administration reversed its policy and decided to integrate North and South Sudan under one government. The South Sudanese authorities were informed at the Juba Conference of 1947 that they will be governed in the future under a common administrative authority with the north.5 From 1948, 13 delegates nominated by the British authorities represented the South in the Sudan Legislative Assembly. Many Southerners felt betrayed by the British as they were largely excluded from the new government. To them, it was a strategy by the British aimed at protecting their interest as far as colonial legacy is concerned.6 They complained that the language of the new government was Arabic and they were under represented. Of the eight hundred positions vacated by the British in 1953, only four were given to the Southerners. The political structure in the South was not as organized as that in the North and for this reason, political groupings and parties from the South were not represented at the various conferences that established the modern state of Sudan. As a result, many southerners did not consider Sudan to be a legitimate state. Although the Sudanese state was considered illegitimate by the Southerners, the Sudanese parliament unilaterally declared Sudan’s independence on 1st January 1956.8 Subsequently, the Arab-led Khartoum government reneged on promises it had made to Southerners to create a federal system. This led to a mutiny led by Southern army officers and sparked off a civil war after independence in 1956.9 Besides the issues highlighted above, the Abyei region of Sudan is rich in natural mineral resources and has been a bone of contention between the North and South. It has also affected Darfur negatively as most of the rebel groups involved in the Darfur conflict, like the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equity Movement (JEM), also seek for a share in the wealth of the region.10 However, before the June 2011 referendum, the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon called for the Sudan to withdraw all police officers from the Abyei region of South Sudan.11 Although the referendum resulted in the Republic of South Sudan, separating it from the North which remains the Republic of Sudan, political views expressed by the provinces in the North region have further captured more attention from the international community.12 The quest for Arab domination is common in this area and, one among the leading regions that have fallen prey to this practice is Darfur
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  • Date Issued: 2012

The efficiency of a fiscally decentralized government in the provision of social services: the case of the Eastern Cape provincial government in South Africa

  • Authors: Mahuni, Fortunate Jaqueline Runyararo
  • Date: 2008
  • Subjects: Public welfare -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social service -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
  • Identifier: vital:11454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/209 , Public welfare -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social service -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Description: Governments strive to improve the efficiency of service delivery with the intention of achieving societal goals. Thus, in order to ensure the quality of public services and goods provided to the people, central governments need to follow a decentralised governance approach. The decentralisation theorem states that, if the consumption of public goods and services over different geographical regions of the total population and the cost of providing these public goods and services in each region are the same for both the central and the sub-national government, the provision of public goods and services will be more efficient if they are provided by the sub-national government to their respective jurisdictions. This dissertation’s main aim is to investigate the extent to which the Eastern Cape Provincial Government (ECPG) is efficient in the provision of social services to the people under their jurisdiction. The efficiency scores obtained using the Data Envelopment Analysis Computer Program (DEAP) 2.1 version proved that the ECPG, education, health, social welfare and the housing departments are inefficient in the provision of social services. In this case, fiscal decentralisation as an appropriate vehicle for service delivery seems not to be working for the Eastern Cape Province, unless there is an improvement in the efficiency levels at which the social services are provided by these departments.
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  • Date Issued: 2008

The electrical, structural and elemental analyis of degraded single junction amorphous silicon solar modules

  • Authors: Osayemwenre, Gilbert Omorodion
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Amorphous semiconductors , Solar cells , Silicon crystals
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , Science
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11674 , vital:39095
  • Description: This study focuses on the degradation of solar cells due to localized heat. A decrease in optical absorbance represents a huge problem because of long-term solar cell degradation, decrease in absorption coefficient and a reduction in solar cell conversion efficiency. This decreases the photo-generating current hence reduces the effective efficiency of the solar device. As such the electrical output decreases, this research investigates the reduction in a-Si:H modules maximum power and its light absorption and correlates this with hot spot formation. Infrared Thermography was used for mapping of the module temperature profile, while IR flying meter software was used to analyze the hot spot centre. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for absorption characterization. The study was undertaken during outdoor deployment of five PV modules. This method was chosen so as to deduce the practical effect of hot spot formation on the module’s absorption ability. The results show a direct correlation between localized heat and absorption degradation and structural degradation (damaged) in a-Si:H.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

The empowerment of women in agriculture: does it contribute to poverty alleviation and improvement of quality of lives in rural areas?

  • Authors: Kalazani-Mtya, Lindeka
  • Date: 2011
  • Subjects: Women in rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Women in agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Quality of life -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Rural Development)
  • Identifier: vital:11941 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/318 , Women in rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Women in agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Quality of life -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Description: This study examines the extent to which the Siyazondla food programme, which is a woman based project, empowers women with agricultural skills and knowledge to alleviate poverty and improve their quality of lives in Ducats North area in East London. The investigation is based on the argument that when a woman is empowered, poverty will be reduced and the quality of life will improve. Through the use of qualitative research methodology, all women who are the main beneficiaries of the Siyazondla programme in Ducats North village were interviewed. Findings seem to indicate that although women in the project manage to produce good crops to feed their families, they are still not sufficiently empowered with skills and education to improve their quality of lives. This was found to be exacerbated by the fact that the officials assigned for the programme are to a greater extent inefficient and lack relevant knowledge to support beneficiaries. Most importantly, it was revealed that there is lack of monitoring and evaluation of the programme by government and this was considered to be the major constraint to successful implementation of the programme and in ensuring that poverty is alleviated in the area. It is on the basis of these findings that the study recommends that in order to yield positive results and ensure that women in the programme are empowered, there is a need to change the deeply embedded patriarchal perceptions and discriminatory practices and attitudes that seem to undervalue women‟s work. This will require greater awareness of women‟s contribution to agriculture, and the recognition of the role played by women in food security and poverty alleviation, coupled with a strong commitment from the government to empower rural women in agriculture.
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  • Date Issued: 2011

The enforcement of code conduct in local government: the case of O R Tambo District.

  • Authors: Tyali, Gcobani Sonwabile
  • Date: 2021-09
  • Subjects: Public administration--Moral and ethical aspects , Civil service ethics
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21300 , vital:48381
  • Description: The post-apartheid transformative agenda for local government in South Africa (SA) was built on a system of new key performance areas for public employees. The problems of accountability and transparency in local government finance management, as well as good governance and the capacity building of those public officials designated to support local development, were among them. Over the years, the conduct of public officials has received more scrutiny in the media as well as in academic research. Ethics management therefore, has garnered more attention as well especially in the fight against corruption. The premise is that, if ethics management can be institutionalised public officials can become more effective and discharge their duties with respect for public resources. The imperative for the implementation of an ethical framework was also based on the need to ensure inclusive development which can be enhanced by ensuring accountability by local government functionaries. In this regard, the conduct of municipal functionaries and its regulation based on the code of conduct takes centre stage. The study contextualises ethics management and its efficacy with specific reference to the code of conduct and its role in the prevalence of unethical conduct. The results reveal glaring inconsistencies in the implementation of the code of conduct and a myriad of challenges rendering ethics management ineffective. , Thesis (MA) (Administration) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
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  • Date Issued: 2021-09

The enforcement of the right of access to adequate housing in South Africa: a lesson for Lesotho

  • Authors: Pule, Sesinyi Edwin
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Housing -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Housing -- Law and legislation -- Lesotho
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
  • Identifier: vital:11122 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016249 , Housing -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Housing -- Law and legislation -- Lesotho
  • Description: South Africa is one of the countries with a very horrifying history. However, in the dawn of democratic governance, a worldly admirable constitution was brought into picture. The 1993 and 1996 South African Constitutions entrenched an elaborate Bill of Rights with provisions empowering courts to grant “appropriate relief and to make “just and equitable” orders. Happily, the Bill of Rights included justiciable and enforceable socio-economic rights. Amongst them, there is a right of access to adequate housing, for which this work is about. South Africa is viewed as a country with developed jurisprudence in the enforcement of socio-economic rights, hence it has been used as a lesson for Lesotho. Lesotho is still drowning in deep blue seas on enforcement of socio-economic rights either because the constitution itself hinders the progress thereon or because the parliament is unwilling to commit execute to the obligations found in the socio-economic rights filed. This work scrutinizes many jurisdictions and legal systems with a view to draw lively examples that may be followed by Lesotho courts towards enforcing housing rights. Indian and South African jurisprudences epitomize this notion.
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  • Date Issued: 2014

The escalation of gender war within post-colonial South African society: an interrogation of beauty’s gift by Sindiwe Magona, happiness is a four-letter word by Cynthia Jele and black widow society by Angela Makholwa

  • Authors: Goremusandu, Tania
  • Date: 2021-09
  • Subjects: Women and literature -- Africa , Women in literature
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21927 , vital:51843
  • Description: The critical analysis of gender war in the African context is not a new venture but it is rather a significant discussion to the development of gender and feminist theories. The primary focus of this study is to investigate the limitations to empowerment that African women face at the hands of a post-colonial patriarchal society like South Africa, exacerbated by the oppression and subjugation employed by patriarchal and cultural norms. Thus, the research provides a comparative analysis of three contemporary novels by award winning South African women writers in African literature: Sindiwe Magona, Cynthia Jele and Angela Makholwa. These three dedicated women writers examine the different ways in which African patriarchy and culture oppress professional, educated women. Their work portray gender and / or female oppression and the stereotypes experienced by African women in the context of post-colonial, heavily patriarchal South African society. Therefore, this study interrogates the experience of South African women, as explored in the texts, revealing the literary expressions of gender oppression as well as the possibilities of empowerment. In addition, the texts are analysed through the lens of the Feminist literary criticism theory, Gender studies and African feminism. Through the examination offered by these theories, the study focuses on the experiences of South African women, as expressed by the female characters in the selected texts, through a critical analysis of female oppression and resistance and on the idea that gender is constructed socially and culturally in the African context. As this project reveals, the problem arising within post-colonial South African society is that women are still oppressed and are seen as passive and submissive. As a result, patriarchal perspectives combined with women’s economic dependence on men, make reaching self-actualization a challenging and even terrifying experience, and is often impossible for most women to achieve. Thus, there is a need to understand the experiences of these women so that effective and culturally sensitive interventions can be implemented. The emergence of these renowned female South African writers together with the emancipation of African countries from colonial supremacy has opened a space for women to compensate for and correct the stereotyped female images in African literature and in post-colonial societies. Most contemporary African writers such as Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Tsitsi Dangarembga, Neshani Andreas, Sindiwe Magona, Cynthia Jele and Angela Makholwa have shown that women are seeking empowerment and liberation. Therefore, this study seeks to highlight such experiences through its critical interrogation of the writings of selected South African women writers and the exploration of their gender-based themes in order to inform and or inspire women empowerment. It is intended to broaden and encourage further academic discussion in the fields of Feminism literary criticism, Gender studies and African feminism as well as women’s literature within the African context. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
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  • Date Issued: 2021-09

The establishment of a mobile phone information security culture: linking student awareness and behavioural intent

  • Authors: Bukelwa, Ngoqo
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Information security awareness -- Mobile phone security , Information safety
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Information Systems)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/657 , vital:26485 , Information security awareness -- Mobile phone security , Information safety
  • Description: The information security behaviour of technology users has become an increasingly popular research area as security experts have come to recognise that while securing technology by means of firewalls, passwords and offsite backups is important, such security may be rendered ineffective if the technology users themselves are not information security conscious. The mobile phone has become a necessity for many students but, at the same time, it exposes them to security threats that may result in a loss of information. Students in developing countries are at a disadvantage because they have limited access to information relating to information security threats, unlike their counterparts in more developed societies who can readily access this information from sources like the Internet. The developmental environment is plagued with challenges like access to the Internet or limited access to computers. The poor security behaviour exhibited by student mobile phone users, which was confirmed by the findings of this study, is of particular interest in the university context as most undergraduate students are offered a computer-related course which covers certain information security-related principles. During the restructuring of the South African higher education system, smaller universities and technikons (polytechnics) were merged to form comprehensive universities. Thus, the resultant South African university landscape is made up of traditional and comprehensive universities as well as universities of technology. Ordinarily, one would expect university students to have similar profiles. However in the case of this study, the environment was a unique factor which had a direct impact on students’ learning experiences and learning outcomes. Mbeki (2004) refers to two economies within South Africa the first one is financially sound and globally integrated, and the other found in urban and rural areas consists of unemployed and unemployable people who do not benefit from progress in the first economy. Action research was the methodological approach which was chosen for the purposes of this study to collect the requisite data among a population of university students from the ‘second economy’. The study focuses on the relationship between awareness and behavioural intention in understanding mobile phone user information security behaviour. The study concludes by proposing a behaviour profile forecasting framework based on predefined security behavioural profiles. A key finding of this study is that the security behaviour exhibited by mobile phone users is influenced by a combination of information security awareness and information security behavioural intention, and not just information security awareness.
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  • Date Issued: 2014

The evaluation of growth characteristics, biomass yield, and chemical composition of two cultivars of Panicum maximum (Mombaca and Gatton) and Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu) at different harvesting stages

  • Authors: Sokupa, Mihle Inga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-1393
  • Date: 2020-11
  • Subjects: Pastures
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21433 , vital:48621
  • Description: The objective of this study was to carry out a comparative assessment of growth characteristics, biomass yield and chemical composition of Panicum maximum and Brachiaria brizantha cultivars at different harvesting stages. The field experiment was conducted at the University of Fort Hare research farm in Alice, South Africa. The main factors were three cultivars: Mombaca, Gatton (Panicum maximum) and Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha) and three harvesting stages (6, 10 and 14 weeks after planting). This study was a 3 × 3 factorial set up in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Characteristics which included plant height, number of leaves and number of tillers were measured in five plants per plot at 2-week intervals from 4 to 14 weeks after planting (WAP). The fresh yield was weighed then oven dried at 65oC for 72 hours then dry matter yield was calculated after drying. The chemical composition (Ash, Fat, ADF, ADL, NDF, CP, Ca, Mg, Na, P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn) was determined on forage harvested at 6, 10 and 14WAP. Data was analysed using the Statistical Analysis Software in a 3x3 factorial to compute the ANOVA and all means of all treatments were calculated and the difference was tested for significance using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at P=0.05. The results showed variations (P<0.05) in plant height, but the number of leaves did not differ (P > 0.05) between the cultivars. The number of tillers were significantly different (P<0.05), the highest number of tillers was observed in Mombaca. Fresh yield showed significant differences at 10 and 14WAP, with Marandu producing the highest Fresh yield. The moisture content was different (P<0.05) across all the three harvests. Varying (P< 0.05) results were also observed in the dry matter yield of the cultivars with Mombaca producing the highest dry matter yield. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the ash content of the cultivars. The fat content also showed no significant differences. Variations (P<0.05) occured in the ADF of the cultivars, Marandu had the lowest ADF. The cultivar × WAP interactive effect was significant for ADL content. NDF significantly varied across the cultivars at 6WAP. There were no similarities (P<0.05) in the crude protein during the three harvesting intervals, Mombaca produced the highest CP and the lowest was obtained from Gatton. There was a significant interaction (P<0.05) between the cultivars and harvesting intervals for Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), K/Ca+Mg, Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) contents of the cultivars. However, Phosphorus (P) showed no significant interaction (P>0.05) between the cultivars and harvesting intervals. The results obtained in this study showed that as the grasses grow, the biomass yield produced increases according to the genetic makeup and the factors affecting growth and biomass yield. However, the chemical composition decreased between cultivars. Mombaca showed superior traits in terms of growth biomass yield and chemical composition. Mombaca, which is a Panicum maximum cultivar can be used as a choice in forage production and chemical composition as it can supply both quality and quantity. It can be concluded that there are significant differences in growth characteristics, biomass yield and chemical composition of Panicum maximum and Brachiaria brizantha cultivars at different harvesting stages. It can also be recommended that the best harvesting stage is at 10 WAP, this is because both biomass yield and chemical composition are both satisfactory. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2020
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  • Date Issued: 2020-11

The experience of a black baptist township pastor in the apartheid: the case study of Reverend Simon Lukwe from the Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Mkonwana, Vuyo Patrick
  • Date: 2015-06
  • Subjects: Church and state
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25205 , vital:64007
  • Description: The role of the Church in politics is always a contentious issue, this is not only the case in South Africa but all over the world. Christian traditions vary in their understanding and interpretation of Biblical teaching on what role Christians and clergy should play in city politics. The primary gist or objective of this thesis revolves around the birth, calling and the ministry of Reverend Simon Lukwe as a representation of black ministers in the Baptist Church. The secondary objective is to look at the pastoral methods that he employed based on the challenges of the day. It is acknowledged that there have been autobiographies and biographies written on the experiences of well-known clergy like Dr. Frank Chikane, Bishop Desmond Tutu, Reverend Beyes Naude and others, but there is puzzling silence about other Christian permanent persuaders who played a pivotal role in the public life in South Africa. This individual is one of those like many who were able to trounce the inferior and oppressive education that was offered to black ministers in the Baptist Union of Southern Africa. This dissertation is a narrative of a heart-breaking but fascinating account of a black minister who was detained and tortured by security forces; sadly, he was even forsaken by his own brothers and sisters in Christ (Baptist church members). It also seeks to examine what might be the call to the modern religious ministers based on the current socio-economic and political challenges, and what pastoral methods might be relevant to effectively minister in this context. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2015
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  • Date Issued: 2015-06

The experiences faced by lesbian, gays, bisexual, and transgender students at the University of Fort Hare

  • Authors: Nyakwima, Esther Rutendo
  • Date: 2014-11
  • Subjects: Gays , Homosexuality , Bisexuals
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25227 , vital:64070
  • Description: Sexual orientation is one of the vital aspects that a person’s identity, persona, self-esteem, solidarity, equality and worthless are determined. Misconceptions and prejudices often lead to emotional, psychological and verbal discrimination or victimisation and even physical violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender life. This study explored the experiences, challenges faced by LGBT students at the University Of Fort Hare and the strategies they employ to deal with these challenges and policies which are in place to protect them. The study utilized the psychodynamic theory and the social cognitive theoretical framework to illustrate the homosexuality nexus. The study employed a qualitative and quantitative research methodology which utilised questionnaires and interviews as a methods of data collection. The study revealed that the homosexual population at the University Of Fort Hare is experiencing homophobia, condemnation, homophobic attacks, prejudicial remarks, discrimination and abuse. It was noted that perceived discrimination is rampant from heterosexual students in every category related to discrimination. While the findings do not prove that discrimination causes mental health problems, data collected takes a step towards demonstrating that the social stigma felt by LGBT students has mental health consequences. Inequitable experiences may affect stress levels because discrimination is shadowed by prejudice remarks against homosexuals. The results of the study have further revealed that homosexual students are resilient to harsh circumstances like violence and discrimination. They are by no means secure within their own gendered and sexual lives. They have an idea as to what strategies and implementation tactics would work best for them, given their socio-cultural framework. Homosexual students successively adopt various strategies to protect themselves, such as boundary setting, avoiding certain circumstances, hiding identities, revenging and some openly admitting that they are gay students. Although there are policies in place to protect homosexual students at the University Of Fort Hare, gay and lesbian students have adopted their own strategies to protect themselves as they are unaware of these policies. However, in terms of policies safeguarding homosexuals, it can be noted that the University Of Fort Hare has generally adopted a top-down policy, one-size fits all approach to solving gender issues on campus. The policies are mainly centred on the distribution of resources and strict guidelines on the way people or inmates should conduct themselves towards each other. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
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  • Date Issued: 2014-11

The experiences of secondary traumatic stress among social workers who deal with traumatised populations : a case study of Buffalo City Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Authors: Anyi, Marynet Ema Tangwe
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Secondary traumatic stress Social workers -- Mental health Social service -- Psychological aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , Social Work
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9951 , vital:35207
  • Description: The aim of the research study was to investigate the experiences of secondary traumatic stress among social workers who deal with traumatised populations in the Buffalo City Municipality in the province of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. Qualitative research methods were employed to collect data from thirty participants; twenty were interviewed and 10 participated in a focus group discussion. The most significant finding of this study was that there is a high rate of secondary traumatic stress among social workers, particularly among those who practice in nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), especially those social workers who work with children. The intensity of secondary traumatic stress among social workers appears to be growing steadily, owing to either inadequate or a complete lack of supervision and support on the part of the agencies concerned. The study concludes that social workers are highly at risk of experiencing secondary traumatic stress. The study therefore recommends that policies that are there to protect social workers should be implemented and institutions of higher learning which educate and train social workers need to implement courses in their syllabuses which prepare students for the stresses which they will inevitably encounter while working in the field of social work, particularly secondary traumatic stress.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

The experiences of student nurses regarding the negotiation of condom use at a Nursing College in the Eastern Cape Province

  • Authors: Rumbu , Nosiphiwo Matshele
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Condom use -- South Africa College students -- Sexual behavior
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , M Cur
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11396 , vital:39068
  • Description: The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of student nurses regarding negotiation of condom use at Lilitha College of Nursing, East London Campus. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is still one of the severe global public health problems and a considerable number of people are living with HIV and millions of these people die of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It has been found that women have difficulty in negotiating condom use. The study that was conducted in Tanzania revealed that when women lack selfconfidence to negotiate condom use with their sexual companions, they may be exposed to unprotected sex, thus being at danger of contracting STIs as well as HIV/AIDS and therefore being more susceptible to adverse sexual and reproductive health results (Exavery, Kanté, Jackson, Noronha, Sikustahili, Tani, Mushi, Baynes, Ramsey, Hingora and Phillips, 2012:9). A qualitative, descriptive, explorative, contextual design was used to describe the experiences of student nurses regarding negotiation of condom use and a purposive sampling method was used to select fourth year students. Eleven students participated in the study. Data was collected by means of individual face-to-face interviews with fourth year students. The interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Data analysis was done using Tesch‟s approach to open coding in qualitative research. Themes, categories and sub-categories emerged from the data analysis and were fully discussed. The results of the study indicated that students experienced difficulties in negotiation of condom use, although some participants felt that they were comfortable to negotiate. Health education and awareness campaigns were recommended as fundamental tools that could be used as strategies to enhance successful negotiation of condom use.
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  • Date Issued: 2019
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