Community-based development organisations in the Eastern Cape: towards survival and sustainability
- Authors: Davies, Bill , Madlavu, Mzukisi
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Community development corporations -- South Africa Community development -- Eastern Cape Community development -- Finance Community development -- Research -- South Africa Community development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1708 , vital:20218 , ISBN 0868102520
- Description: Community-Based Development Organisations (CBDOs) appear in many shapes and sizes, and a variety of (often confusing) terminology is used to describe them. The term CBDO is a generic one which refers to a broad class of organisations that are involved in one form or another of "community development" activities. Probably all CBDOs would describe themselves as non-governmental organisations (NGOs); and they could be service organisations, resource organisations (or both), or even welfare organisations. Some would see themselves as development agencies or as performing an advocacy/lobbying function on behalf of a more or less clearly defined constituency. Many CBDOs have a relatively narrow focus (for example, on some particular aspect of education or training - like literacy, teacher upgrading or technical skills)- whilst others pursue a broader range of activities associated with a spectrum of "community development" initiatives, projects or programmes. Much depends on the motivation for establishing a particular CBDO and its access to human and financial resources. They are part of the burgeoning Non- Profit Voluntary Sector in South Africa whose worth, in 1987, was estimated at a minimum of R2 billion - "and probably much more than that" , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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- Date Issued: 1993
Contemporary pollen spectra from the Natal Drakensberg and their relation to associated vegetation communities
- Authors: Hill, Trevor Raymond
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Pollen -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal Palynology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4199 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003768
- Description: The research focuses on the contemporary pollen rain-vegetation relationship for vegetation communities within the Natal Drakensberg, a region which is recognized as having the potential for extensive palynological investigations. The objective was to investigate the fundamental assumption underlying palynology, viz: that the pollen rain of a particular region is indicative or representative of the existing vegetation of that region. If the modern pollen rain is indicative of and/or distinctive for a particular vegetation community then the principle of methodological uniformitarianism can be applied, which states that the present day patterns and relationships can provide a factual basis for the reconstruction of the past through the extrapolation of modern analogues backwards in time. A vegetation survey was conducted in thirteen communities identified as pertinent to the research and a two-year modern pollen rain sampling programme was carried out, using both surface soil and pollen trap samples as a means of recording and quantifying the pollen rain. Once the necessary sample preparation and pollen counts had been performed, descriptive and numerical/statistical methods were employed to determine and describe the existing pollen-vegetation relationship. Descriptive analysis of the data sets was carried out with the aid of spectra depicted as rotated bar graphs and representing the relative percentage frequencies of the collected/counted taxa. Annual and seasonal pollen influx values were calculated and presented. Analysis of variance was applied to test various hypotheses related to sampling strategy and pollen influx variation. Statistical methods employed were two-way indicator species analysis (a classification analysis technique), detrended correspondence analysis and principal components analysis (ordination techniques), canonical correlation analysis (for data set association) and multiple discriminant analysis (for determination of vegetation zonal indices). The latter technique allowed for the probability of modern analogues to be assessed which are necessary for accurate interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages if the assumption under investigation is correct. The findings of the study were that the modern pollen rain-vegetation assumption holds true. Recommendations are put forward regarding future contemporary pollen studies with regards to the number of soil and pollen trap samples required, the magnitude of the pollen count and the numerical/statistical techniques most appropriate to clearly interpret the results. The conclusions are that future fossil pollen spectra can be expected to provide a good indication of former regional vegetation patterns for the study region. The study has extended the limited understanding of the contemporary pollen rain-vegetation relationship in South Africa and enables the interpretation of fossil pollen spectra to be carried out with greater confidence. This in turn lends greater credibility to possible Quaternary environmental change models required to help understand present and possible future environmental change.
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- Date Issued: 1993
CWIU Congress resolutions 1993 - Draft
- Authors: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: CWIU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170159 , vital:41863
- Description: The CWIU recognises the need to develop a long term organisational vision, develop and implement creative and effective strategies, prioritise campaigns/activities in order to be able to sustain these, adapt and change by a process of restructuring, deal effectively with political and economic issues. Development of a long term Vision Congress reaffirms our objective of a socialist future Our programmes must therefore reflect this vision. The trade union movement as a working class organisation has a major role in any socialist programme. The labour movement must remain independent. This independence must not be compromised. Overall strategy for trade union movement The current direction of Cosatu towards so called "Strategic Unionism" must be thoroughly discussed. A progamme of discussion on this must be implemented in the Union. We confirm our belief in the following principles and any strategy must be based on these: worker control, accountability of leadership a combination of negotiations,mass action and struggle as the means to achieve our goals/demands.
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- Date Issued: 1993
Data reduction techniques for Very Long Baseline Interferometric spectropolarimetry
- Authors: Kemball, Athol James
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Very long baseline interferometry Radio interferometers Data reduction -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5457 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005242
- Description: This thesis reports the results of an investigation into techniques for the calibration and imaging of spectral line polarization observations in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). A review is given of the instrumental and propagation effects which need to be removed in the course of calibrating such obervations, with particular reference to their polarization dependence. The removal of amplitude and phase errors and the determination of the instrumental feed response is described. The polarization imaging of such data is discussed with particular reference to the case of poorly sampled cross-polarization data. The software implementation of the algorithms within the Astronomical Image Processing System (AlPS) is discussed and the specific case of spectral line polarization reduction for data observed using the MK3 VLBI system is considered in detail. VLBI observations at two separate epochs of the 1612 MHz OH masers towards the source IRC+ 10420 are reduced as part of this work. Spectral line polarization maps of the source structure are presented, including a discussion of source morphology and variability. The source is sigmficantly circularly polarized at VLBI resolution, but does not display appreciable linear polarization. A proper motion study of the circumstellar envelope is presented, which supports an ellipsoidal kinematic model with anisotropic radial outflow. Kinematic modelling of the measured proper motions suggests a distance to the source of ~ 3 kpc. The cirumstellar magnetic field strength in the masing regions is determined as 1-3 mG, assuming Zeeman splitting as the polarization mechanism.
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- Date Issued: 1993
Diaby
- Authors: Sali Sidibe (composition, lyrics, lead vocal) , Boubacar Kane (djembe) , Aminata Diabate, Fatim Sissoko (backing vocals) , Rakesh Toure (keyboards) , Mamadou Coulibaly (N'Bolon) , Harouna Samake (N'goni) , Zoumana Tereka (Violin) , Samba Dioakite (Balafon) , Sterns Africa label , Samassa Records
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa, West , Popular music--Mali--1991-2000 , Africa Mali Bamako f-ml
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130009 , vital:36356 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC36-03
- Description: Malian neo-traditional vocals set to a unique blend of didai, sigui and sogonikun dance rhythms
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- Date Issued: 1993
Digestible energy as a criterion for the development of diets for the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae)
- Authors: Rouhani, Q A
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Clariidae , Catfishes -- Africa , Catfishes -- Nutrition -- Requirements -- Africa , Catfishes , Clarias
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5259 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005103
- Description: Based on a number of attributes, the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus is an ideal aquaculture species. Much work has been undertaken on developing the technology for the commercial culture of the species inclusive of determining the nutritional requirements for cost effective feed formulation. However, digestible energy (DE) values for specific feed ingredients were unknown. As DE values are not interchangeable between species, this study set out to determine the DE values for conventional and unconventional feed-ingredients for the formulation of an optimal feed. The ultimate goal in feed formulation is to produce a diet that supports the maximum production at the least cost. The indirect method was found to be most suitable in obtaining DE values for the catfish. Feed samples were marked by adding 2% chromic oxide as an inert indicator. The fish were then force-fed and faecal samples were obtained from the hindgut by stripping the fish 10 hours after feeding as this was found to be when the hind-gut was at its fullest and the feed maximally digested. A linear based computer programme was used to formulate experimental diets using the established DE values as an additional variable. The formulated feed was tested and compared to a commercial catfish diet and a standard reference diet (H-440). All of the newly formulated feeds were found to be cheaper to manufacture (by between 5 and 10%). Statistically (ANOVA), all of the experimental diets resulted in higher specific growth rates (SGR) than the standard reference diet. The commercial diet also resulted in a lower SGR than those experimental diets with similar protein levels.
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- Date Issued: 1993
Ecology and natural history of the Masarid wasps of the world with an assessment of their role as pollinators in southern Africa (Hymenoptera : Vespoidea : Masaridae)
- Authors: Gess, Sarah Kathleen
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Wasps -- Ecology Pollen wasps -- Ecology Vespidae -- Ecology Pollination by insects -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5669 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005354
- Description: The worldwide knowledge of the ecology and natural history of the masarid wasps, those wasps which bee-like provision their nest cells with pollen and nectar, is synthesized and discussed putting into context the investigations concerning nesting and flower visiting by southern African masarids conducted by the present author. Masarids are found mostly to favour warm to hot areas with relatively low rainfall and open scrubby vegetation. At the generic level the masarids of the Nearctic, Neotropical and Australian regions are distinct from each other and from those of the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions combined. No species are shared between regions. Southern Africa is apparently the area of greatest species diversity. In this region, at least, there is a high incidence of narrow endemism. Masarids are associated with a relatively small range of plant families. Where sufficient records are available distinct major preferences are shown between zoogeographical regions. Relatedness of plant preferences between zoogeographical regions is apparent when relatedness of plant taxa is considered. Within a region there is marked overlap in masarid generic preferences for flower families. At the specific level there is marked oligolecty and narrow polylecty. The majority of nesting studies indicate that nest construction, egg laying and provisioning are performed by a single female per nest, however, nest sharing has been alledged for two species. No parasitic masarids have been recorded. Egg laying precedes provisioning. Mass provisioning is the rule. According to species, nests are sited in the ground, in non-friable soil or friable soil, in earthen vertical banks, on stones or on plants. Seven nest types are defined. Three bonding agents, water, nectar and self-generated silk are used. Masarids are evaluated as potential pollinators of their forage plants in southern Africa. The "masarid pollination syndrome", though less broad is shown to fall within that designated melittophily. The case studies considered make it clear that, whereas the masarids visiting some flower groups are members of a guild of potential pollinators, the masarids visiting others are probably their most important pollinators. Increasing land utilization is shown to threaten the existence of narrowly endmic masarid species.
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- Date Issued: 1993
English in South Africa : effective communication and the policy debate : inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Communication -- South Africa , English language -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1993-1994
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:683 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020752 , ISBN 0620031557
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
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- Date Issued: 1993
Epidemiological and aetiological aspects of diarrhoeal disease in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Baxter, Esther
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Diarrhea -- South Africa , Intestines -- Diseases , Pathogenic microorganisms -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4045 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004106 , Diarrhea -- South Africa , Intestines -- Diseases , Pathogenic microorganisms -- South Africa
- Description: Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of mortality in children in developing countries. It also remains a serious problem among all age groups throughout the world. Whereas studies to determine the epidemiological and aetiological factors of diarrhoeal disease have been reported for other parts of South Africa and the world, as yet no information is available for the Eastern Cape. Therefore this study was undertaken to determine the factors for this area. Enteropathogens were compared for the different ages in the various population groups and, where possible, seasonal and geographical differences were emphasised. A total of 7 278 faecal samples were examined by six laboratories in the Eastern Cape during the period November 1988 to October 1990. Data was recorded noting the age, sex and population group of the patients. The towns selected were Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage, Cradock, Grahamstown and their surrounding areas. The isolation rates for the pathogens studied in the various population groups were compared to those reported in similar studies in other countries. The seasonal incidences of the various selected pathogens were compared with those reported from elsewhere in South Africa. It was thought that the higher temperature of summer may influence the finding in the White population group, while rainfall would play a greater role for the Coloured and Black populations. The geographical distribution of the pathogens emphasised the difference in living conditions between the different population groups. For example a generally higher infestation rate of Helminths occurred in rural areas and in the groups living under poorer conditions. The low isolation rates for certain bacteria and the large percentage of samples from which no pathogens were isolated indicate the need for further research. However, the finding should be valuable for determining Public Health priorities and in the management of outbreaks of diarrhoeal disease.
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- Date Issued: 1993
Evaluation of environmental education courses in Bophuthatswana colleges of education
- Authors: Leketi, Makgau Peter
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa -- Bophuthatswana Environmental education -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Bophuthatswana Environmental education -- Curricula -- South Africa -- Bophuthatswana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1525 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003407
- Description: This study evaluates Environmental Education courses in Bophuthatswana Colleges of Education. The semi-structured interviews with final year students, lecturers, rectors of colleges offering the courses, external examiners and the course co-ordinator at the Institute of Education at the University of Bophuthatswana (Unibo) are made. Written documents relating to Environmental Education courses, such as students' examination answer books, moderators' reports and minutes of meetings, are also used to evaluate the courses. Specifically, the aim of this study is to identify the strengths and the weaknesses of Environmental Education courses in Bophuthatswana Colleges of Education and this would present a contribution in the research field and also be useful in the further refinement of the courses. Strengths and weaknesses identified in this research are related to knowledge of Environmental Education and environmental issues, the syllabuses of the Environmental Education courses, the operation of the courses, the examining of the courses and the ethos and support of the colleges and the local university's Institute of Education. New insights are gained inter alia into the operation of Environmental Education courses in the Teacher Education programme in Bophuthatswana. An important contribution of the study is the application of the phenomenological paradigm, since it allows understanding of subjective experience as far as the operation of Environmental Education is concerned.
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- Date Issued: 1993
First Democratic Elections
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110159 , vital:33238
- Description: Every member is free to join any political party. NUMSA will encourage its members to vote ANC because it wants a strong government to fix up the country's and workers' problems. NUMSA members must not force anyone to vote for the ANC or any other party. NUMSA members must be free to vote (or not vote) for whoever they want. It is your right to vote; it is also your right not to vote. BUT you may not force anyone to vote or not vote. Voting stations will be in places like schools, community halls. Ask and discuss with your fellow workers, ask at NUMSA or COSATU offices, listen to your radio, look for posters and pamphlets nearer election time to find out.
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- Date Issued: 1993
Foreign indirect investment platform
- Authors: ANC
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: ANC
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/153901 , vital:39535
- Description: In the transition from apartheid to democracy, strong economic growth will be needed. This growth must succeed in overcoming the handicaps which apartheid imposed on South Africa. And it must bring higher living standards to the black majority, a reduction in absolute poverty levels, and a more equitable distribution of resources. The key to sustained and balanced economic growth is investment. Investment in productive capital must be greatly increased, and soon.
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- Date Issued: 1993
Forward to one education department
- Authors: SADTU
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: SADTU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/155115 , vital:39856
- Description: As the elected minute secretary, from the Second AGC 1992, I took over the portfolio as acting Regional Secretary when Mundisa Sinuka resigned in October 1992. In SADTU, we can only have a successful union if all our branches are functioning effectively and our members are committed. Members on the ground have been demotivated and this makes our task all the more difficult. Branches tend to work during times of crisis and it should be borne in mind that SADTU is not a crisis union but is there to educate, bur id. protect and defend the rights of teachers.
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- Date Issued: 1993
Gnouman Ke La
- Authors: Sali Sidibe (composition, lyrics, lead vocal) , Boubacar Kane (djembe) , Aminata Diabate, Fatim Sissoko (backing vocals) , Rakesh Toure (keyboards) , Mamadou Coulibaly (N'Bolon) , Harouna Samake (N'goni) , Zoumana Tereka (Violin) , Samba Dioakite (Balafon) , Sterns Africa label , Samassa Records
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa, West , Popular music--Mali--1991-2000 , Africa Mali Bamako f-ml
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130033 , vital:36366 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC36-05
- Description: Malian neo-traditional vocals set to a unique blend of didai, sigui and sogonikun dance rhythms
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1993
Granitic series and their economic geology
- Authors: Kerber, Paulo Augusto
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Granite , Geology, Economic
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4969 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005581 , Granite , Geology, Economic
- Description: The granitic rocks are subdivided into four series: tholeiitic, alkaline, calc-alkaline and mobilizates. These series can be formed from melting of mantle material (M-type granites) or from crustal rocks. There are granitic rocks formed from the mixing of these two magmas types. The rocks formed from crustal anatexis are subdivided into those formed from igneous rocks (I-type granites) and those formed from meta-sedimentary rocks (S-type granites). The former has similar characteristics to the mantle-derived granitoids. The mineral deposits related to igneous or mantle derived magma usually are Cu-Au, CUI Cu-Mo, Mo porphyries and have high oxygen fugacity and magnetic susceptibility (magnetite series). The Sn-W deposits usually are related to magma derived from meta-sedimentary or igneous rocks derived magma with low oxygen fugacity and magnetic susceptibility (ilmenite series). According to the tectonic setting, the granitoids rocks are classified as: Andino type, West Pacific type, Hercyno type, Caledonian type and Anorogenic (A-type granites).
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- Date Issued: 1993
History reading comprehension in black secondary schools : a Ciskei study
- Authors: Poswa, Mandisa
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: History -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1555 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003437
- Description: This thesis examines briefly the problems of learning and understanding history when the subject is taught through the medium of a second language. It assesses the difficulty levels (for first language speakers) of the history textbooks commonly used in Ciskei secondary schools and considers the implications of these levels for second language speakers. It assesses the ability of 400 pupils in standard 8 and standard 10 to comprehend an English text which is deliberately written at a lower level of difficulty than that of the current secondary school texts. Comparisons are made of the comprehension scores of those pupils whose answers are written in English with those who are allowed to answer in Xhosa on questions based on the simple text. Finally, it compares the quality of the pupils' answers in Xhosa and English. Tentative recommendations are made about the language implications of history teaching which emerge from the results of the research.
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- Date Issued: 1993
IEC CONFERENCE ON PROFIT SHARING
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174134 , vital:42445
- Description: At present, profit sharing does not fit into the philosophy of any trade unions in South Africa. It is not a part of the policy of any union I know about. Where profit sharing schemes exist and are accepted by the unions, this is because of special circumstances. This talk is in three parts: First, I will explain where my union, the National Union of Mineworkers, has accepted profit sharing schemes and why it has done so. Secondly, I will outline the different levels of agreements that we have negotiated on profit sharing and the principles we have agreed should govern such schemes Thirdly, I will speak of the implementation of the schemes, and their potential for providing a basis for greater worker participation in the enterprises which have negotiated profit sharing agreements.
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- Date Issued: 1993
Imbongi in Profile
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 1993
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124689 , vital:35649 , https://www.jstor.org/stable/40238706
- Description: Today, many elements of the tradition have been discarded or adapted; nevertheless, the concept of singing praises still retains an identifiable character which is based on past tradition. In this tradition, the imbongi' s relationship with his audience and the function of his izibongo (poetry) within his society are of utmost importance. Any analysis of this communitarian art form will therefore have to take into account the context of the performance, the nature of the audience, and the role of the imbongi in a society which continues to be subject to socio-cultural and political pressures of unused intensity. My intention in this article is to provide a case study of Bongani Sitole, a contemporary imbongi, in order to instance some of the ways in which the tradition has adapted. During the course of the discussion mention will also be made of other iimbongi.
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- Date Issued: 1993
Information systems and creative responses : inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University
- Authors: Sainsbury, Malcolm
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Computer architecture , Information storage and retrieval systems , Computer engineering
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:663 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020732 , ISBN 0868102695
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
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- Date Issued: 1993