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Implementing a sexual and reproductive citizenship intervention refinement instrument for youth sexuality education: a formative evaluation

  • Authors: Mthethwa, Thobile
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425008 , vital:72201
  • Description: While Out of School sexuality education (SE) programmes in South Africa have attempted to bridge the gap in the number of young people who receive SE, there is still a large number of youth between the age groups of 15 to 24 years who lack adequate sexual knowledge. The manner in which sex education is taught and its accessibility is accompanied by challenges, in particular in relation to empowerment. To better understand the effectiveness of sexual education programmes, evaluations of their content is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how an Out of school SE programme run by Partners in Sexual Health (PSH) promotes understandings of sexual and reproductive citizenship. A formative evaluation of their sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) facilitator’s manual was conducted (owing to COVID the actual programme was not run in the year data for this thesis were collected). To help perform the formative evaluation, the feminist sexual and reproductive citizenship (SRC) framework as conceptualized by Macleod and Vincent (2014) was used. The SRC framework consists of five key principles that, it is suggested, need to be adopted for SE programmes to be inclusive, namely, citizenship as status and practice, differentiated citizenship, private and public interstice, and politics of recognition, redistribution and reparation. An additional principle of inclusive and process-based educational practices was added into the five key principles. To analyse data, template analysis was used which enabled the researcher to create a priori of themes using the Masizixhobise toolkit which is informed by the SRC framework. Findings from this study reveal the interconnectedness between the different citizenship principles. Moreover, while the PSH SRHR programme promotes principles of the SRC framework, there are aspects of the SRC that are lacking from the programme. Therefore, the SRHR manual needs to take into account a spectrum of issues which include but are not limited to the incorporation of sexually diverse differently-abled individuals' sexual experiences and challenges when it comes to accessing SE. This means for SE programmes to achieve inclusivity and to be empowering, they need to encourage individuals to be agentic beings, engage in informed decision-making and encourage young people to take up their rights. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

International students’ experiences of othering in tertiary education in South Africa: an exploratory study

  • Authors: Lobakeng, Tsholofelo
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424986 , vital:72199
  • Description: Despite rising cases of xenophobia in South Africa, international students remain committed to enrolling in its universities. Surprisingly, there is limited research looking into xenophobia in tertiary institutions. Therefore, the present study aimed to contribute to the scarcity of knowledge on the experiences of international students in South Africa. Thus, the study explored experiences of Othering among international students in tertiary education in South Africa and how they make sense of these experiences. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were employed to recruit international students (N=5) from Botswana, China, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Data was collected through semi-structured, face-to-face online interviews. Participants reported experiencing a variety of non-violent forms of Othering, such as feeling excluded due to the intentional use of local languages in both classroom and social settings; being rejected by local students who refused to work with them; and being accused of stealing opportunities from local students. At an institutional level, participants reported systemic Othering rooted in unsupportive policies and practices that led to a negative and oppressive environment. The findings support previous research studies that purport the Othering of international students in higher education in South Africa mainly manifests through non-violent and covert forms. Moreover, participants attributed Othering of immigrants to racism, a perceived lack of exposure to diversity among locals, perceived lack of compassion for immigrants, and the tendency to scapegoat immigrants for the lack of employment opportunities in the country. The findings underscore the intricate nature of Othering and the need for further research to gain a greater understanding of this complex phenomenon. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of implementing effective strategies of inclusion and integration of international students at these institutions of higher learning. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Investigating pedagogical practices of English First Additional Language educators in Grade 12 short stories: a case study

  • Authors: Jabe, Sizwe
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424052 , vital:72119
  • Description: The focus of this study was to investigate pedagogical practices of English First Additional Language educators in teaching Grade 12 short stories. An interpretive qualitative case study of three educators from three high schools in Chris Hani West district, in Eastern Cape were purposefully selected. Lesson observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis (lesson plans) with three English FAL educators were used to collect data. Shulman’s (1986) Pedagogical Content Knowledge was used as the theoretical framework and analytical tool for the study. Data revealed ineffective teaching strategies and on-the-surface subject matter knowledge that hampers the critical teaching of short stories. It also showed that educators have limited knowledge of learners’ learning difficulties and how to address them. The study recommends less teacher talk that was observed in many classes, to be replaced by extended discussions on the part of the learners. Educators should establish a variety of contemporary teaching strategies which put critical thinking and active learning before examination preparation. Lastly, educators, in their teaching of short stories, should consult various resources and attend content workshops to keep subject knowledge up to date. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Humanities, Study of Englishes of Africa, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Investigating teachers’ perceptions on translanguaging pedagogy in a multilingual intermediate ESL classroom: a comparative study of two primary schools in Namibia

  • Authors: Rheeder, Veneza Memory
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Translanguaging (Linguistics) , Second language acquisition , Multilingual education Namibia , Primary school teachers Attitudes , Native language and education Namibia , Primary school teaching Namibia
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419760 , vital:71673
  • Description: International literature has tested the effectiveness of translanguaging as a pedagogic tool to enhance learning in a bilingual classroom; however, with the recent curriculum reform and education sector policy, there is no direct claim in the National policy frameworks on the prominence of translanguaging as an effective tool in classroom pedagogy in Namibian schools. This research attempted to investigate the role of translanguaging as a pedagogic tool to enhance learning in the multilingual intermediate English Second Language (ESL) phase as the Language of Learning and Teaching (LoLT) for the intermediate phase, Grades 4-7, in the Erongo Region, Namibia. The study is within the interpretive paradigm and adopts a qualitative methodology using a qualitative multi-case study approach of exploring and understanding differences and similarities between cases. Data collection consisted mainly of open-ended interviews and observations (purposive sampling) of the participating teachers. The research sites and study participants were purposely selected as both schools, diversely located in urban and rural contexts of the region, are enacting the National Language Policy as proposed. This entails using Mother Tongue Instruction (MTI) from Grades 0-3 and then transitioning to English-monolingual instruction from Grades 4 onwards. The study was designed to investigate the role of translanguaging pedagogy in enhancing learning in the Second Language (L2) classroom, without prejudice of social classes - the elite and marginalized communities. It investigated the extent to which teachers’ use of translanguaging pedagogy enhances ESL learning as the LoLT to intermediate phase learners transitioning from MTI to English-only instruction. The main theories underpinning this study are the Vygotskian and Translanguaging theories supported by Krashen and Cummins’ Cognitive Underlying Proficiency (CUP) Model. The outcomes of the study reveal that in both schools translanguaging was supported by content subject teachers and English LoLT teachers and that it positively contributed to improving learner understanding of important concepts in several subjects. However, Mother Tongue (MT) teachers did not support the use of translanguaging and believed that it slowed down the learning of English. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Institute for the Study of Englishes in Africa, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Investigation into methods of recovering campylobacter spp. from river water samples

  • Authors: Ngoni, Nandipha
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424177 , vital:72130
  • Description: Campylobacter species are slender, gram-negative, rod-shaped, spiral- or curved-shaped with single or pairs of flagella. They are the leading cause of diarrheal disease globally, consumption of and contact with water contaminated by faeces is a major risk factor for transmission of these organisms to humans. Rivers used for recreation and domestic and agricultural activities represent all the risk factors for Campylobacter spp. pollution and human exposure. Campylobacter spp. However, effective methods to recover Campylobacter spp. from river water samples are lacking, indicating the need for the development of more efficient methods of detection and isolation of these organisms from environmental water samples. Campylobacter detection in a water sample is critical to ascertain potential risks to humans. The aim of this study was to determine a suitable method for the detection of Campylobacter spp. from river water samples and the objectives were to (i) to evaluate the performance of different methods used for the recovery of Campylobacter spp. from environmental water samples based on Campylobacter colony count and PCR identification results, (ii) isolate and enumerate Campylobacter cells from river water samples, and (iii) identify Campylobacter spp. in river water samples. The Bloukrans River was chosen for this study because it is suspected to be contaminated by faecal inputs from nearby informal settlements without adequate sanitation, as well as untreated/insufficiently treated effluents from nearby wastewater treatment plants. First, the physicochemical quality of the river water and the presence of faecal contamination were assessed to confirm suitability for Campylobacter spp. survival and presence. Then different approaches to sample, concentrate and recover Campylobacter spp. from river water samples were assessed. The different methods assessed were (i) direct enrichment of water samples without prior concentration, (ii) prior concentration of water samples by centrifugation followed by membrane filtration of supernatant, and after that, pooling the residue and pellet together for enrichment, (iii) sampling by the Moore Swab technique. For all three methods, enrichment in Bolton broth supplemented with Bolton antibiotics was conducted. This was followed by plating on modified cefoperazone charcoal deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) and incubation under a microaerophilic atmosphere at 42°C for 48 h. Colony morphology, Gram staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to identify and characterize the microorganisms. The growth of blue colonies on the mFc agar surface confirmed presence and faecal pollution of the Bloukrans River. The physicochemical properties, based on the range of pH measured at different sites of the river (between acidic 3.45 to 6.42 and alkaline 7.2 to 8.74) indicate that Campylobacter spp. can thrive in the river. Based on the results from enumeration and sequencing of colonies recovered by each method, it was discovered that the most suitable method to recover Campylobacter spp. from river water samples is by prior centrifugation (14,000 × g for 30 minutes) followed by membrane filtration of the supernatant, and subsequent pooling of the residue and pellet. The pooled residue and pellet might have increased Campylobacter spp. concentrations aiding more growth during the enrichment of Campylobacter spp. from the river water samples. Results from enumerating Campylobacter spp. cells from river water samples indicate that Campylobacter spp. are present in Bloukrans River. The sequence obtained from the PCR product indicates that the species found were Campylobacter jejuni (96% homology as evaluated by BLAST). This study provided a procedure effective for obtaining a satisfactory quantitative recovery of Campylobacter spp. from environmental waters, a critical need for quantitative microbial risk assessment studies. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Water Research, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Investigation of brewery waste grains and microbial fuel cells as value-additive technologies improving solvent production yields in Clostridium acetobutylicum (ATCC 824) fermentation

  • Authors: Du Toit, Ryan Guillaume
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424643 , vital:72171
  • Description: The production of the solvent compounds acetone, ethanol and butanol through fermentation of organic feedstocks using Clostridia species could be a promising route for biofuel production. However, the cost of raw materials, low yields and the complexity of anaerobic fermentation continue to hinder this means of generating these compounds. The research presented in this Thesis investigated low-cost interventions that could decrease the costs of production and to direct the synthesis of fuel compounds using microbial fuel cells. Low-cost anaerobic chambers were designed and constructed for the propagation and manipulation of Clostridium acetobutylicum, selected as a low-risk microbial catalyst. Fermentation was monitored using in situ pH measurements and a combination of turbidity measurements, nutrient assays (especially total carbohydrates) and HPLC-RI detection as a means of monitoring the consumption of nutrients (glucose), production of precursor compounds (butyric acid) and the formation of solvent molecules (acetone/ethanol and butanol) during fermentation by this organism. Brewer’s spent grains were tested as a sustainable and low-cost feedstock for solvent production, comparing the effects of sterilising before fermentation, or allowing resident microflora to remain during Clostridium-catalysed solvent production. Sterilised spent grains significantly improved the production of solvent molecules (e.g. 12.97 ± 0.38 g/L of butanol yielded, compared to 0.40 ± 0.33 g/L for defined media sampled during the solventogenic phase); compared to these, the use of non-sterilised brewer’s grain decreased both the reproducibility and yields of fermentation (8.66 ± 1.6 g/L of butanol). Microbial fuel cells were studied as a possible means of altering electron transfer to/from electrode-attached Clostridia to control the metabolic shift in bacteria from acidogenesis to solventogenesis. The base line MFC (11.00 ± 4.69 g/L) fermentation experiment did produce higher acetone/ethanol than the baseline batch experiment MB (5.47 ± 4.48 g/L), indicating an improvement to solvent production in C. acetobutylicum (ATCC 824) in a MFC fermentation. In this study, MFC-1 demonstrated remarkable superiority over MB in terms of butyric acid production, yielding significantly higher concentrations while also improving acetone and ethanol production. However, the enhanced butyric acid production did not correspond to significantly increased butanol yields when compared to batch fermentation of chemically defined media. These findings highlight the potential of MFC-1 as an efficient approach for enhancing the fermentative production of valuable compounds, with a particular focus on butyric acid and acetone/ethanol. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biotechnology Innovation Centre, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

It’s an African proverb: conceptualizing narratives through the use of African subject matter

  • Authors: Chithambo, N'lamwai Luntha
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425311 , vital:72228
  • Description: The research by practice is made up of three points of interest that aim to incorporate storytelling into the work with reference to the comic book genre. These points of interest are: experiences of mental health issues from a young man’s perspective, a unique autobiographical experience unpacking the young man’s mental health struggle and African oral traditions. These three points of interest work towards the goal of using African subject matter to uncover and present a meaningful narrative of a young man dealing with mental health problems and his father figure’s ongoing sit-down conversation with him. This mini-thesis breaks down the different components of the research by practice and analyses each component while drawing from various theorists and artists. The mini-thesis also builds up to the idea of using original African subject matter (e.g. African oral traditions, specifically African objects, subjects, and locations) as a means of cultivating a locus of African identity in the comic book industry. The research by practice intersects with this mini-thesis in that it acts as an example of how I visualise African subject matter being used in the theorising and creation of comic books. , Thesis (MFA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Fine Art, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Kant and the experience of skepticism: rranscendental arguments, skepticism, and a version of the problem of the justification of foundational assumptions

  • Authors: Grecia, Hadley
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425078 , vital:72207
  • Description: Immanuel Kant is a key thinker in the History of Western Philosophy whose ideas continue to fascinate contemporary English-speaking academic philosophers. One such idea is Kant's conception of transcendental arguments. Although these arguments do not originate in Kant's philosophy, Kant's conception of them occupies a special place in the English-speaking literature on the topic. A growing trend in this literature is to claim that Kant's transcendental arguments are unique because they aim to achieve an anti-skeptical end through deductive means. I call the basic assumption behind readings of transcendental arguments like these the deductive/anti-skeptical assumption. This assumption claims that deduction is the best means to achieve an anti-skeptical end. In this thesis, I argue that accepting this assumption is one way to misinterpret transcendental arguments because—even though it seems compelling at first blush—it must be false. The resultant twist is that transcendental arguments cannot be deductive, which, in turn, means that understanding that Kant's transcendental arguments are not deductive in nature is itself no small detail for understanding the version of Kant's 'not-deductive' solution to skepticism developed here. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Philosophy, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Labour law and non-standard employment: case studies of selected workplaces in Makhanda

  • Authors: Mini, Sifanelwa
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425171 , vital:72216
  • Description: While precarious and poorly-regulated forms of employment are on the increase worldwide, the patterns vary significantly over time and space. This study sought to understand employees’ perceptions of non-standard employment (NSE), the reasons why employers resort to NSE and why they use particular types of NSE. In addition, the research explored how labour law protections for NSE are applied in particular workplaces. Drawing on the regulation approach, which provides a conceptual framework to explain changes in production and employment relationships under specific spatio-temporal conditions, this study focused on three companies in Makhanda. Furthermore, this study employed a qualitative research method to explore the employees’ perceptions on non-standard work. This was done by using an interpretive approach to explore how workers experience NSE and how Eastern Cape citizens in Makhanda navigate the scourge of unemployment and exploitation in the labour market. Moreover, the research investigated how employees experience the efficacy of their employment rights in the workplace. The employment rights observed in the study include (among others) leave, contract of employment and collective bargaining; all of which are provisions in the Labour Relations Act. The findings in the study do validate the use of NSE as a ‘tool’ to curb high unemployment. However, the study finds that the positive result of job creation does not signify job security for non-standard workers, instead beneath the rhetoric of job creation and investment, lies hidden the exploitation of vulnerable groups of citizens and extension of precarious forms of employment. This is because businesses engage in economic competition locally and globally. Therefore, in order to successfully compete against other, employer’s cut on labour expenses by adopting a “race to the bottom,” the effect of which is paying employees below the minimum wage. Moreover, this study opposes the argument that NSE is a stepping stone to permanent employment. The conditions which prevail in NSE are distinctly different from those in the Standard Employment Relationship (SER), making it difficult for employees to transition to a new labour market. The latter is more aligned with the heterodox approach than it is to the orthodox approach to labour market. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Lady Die

  • Authors: Jephtas, Veronique Bianca
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: Afrikaans
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424928 , vital:72194
  • Description: My tesis is geskryf in Kaaps en incorporate veskillende streeksvariante vannie taal. Die gedigte is hoofsaaklik innie dialek en ytie perspektief vannie spreker, Pamela geskryf. Tematies issie fokus die seksualiteit ennie inner workings vanne jong, bruinvrou wat haa feminine power probee assert in ’n patriarchal en invasive wêreld. Die bundel illustreer hierdie constant shifting power dynamics dee Pamela en haa vier boyfriends se vehoudings te examine. Wat vorm betref gebryk ek aspekte vannie zuihitsu, spesifiek die free movement tussen genre en styles: veskillende dele vannie bundel is geskryf as prose, poetry en kort, losstaande gedagtes. Ek kies die skryfstyl wattie narrative van oomblik tot oomblik die beste onnersteun, en beperk nie myself tot een consistent vorm nie ––oek kenmerkend van zuihitsu. Literêre invloede virrie teks is The Pillow Book dee Makura no Sōshi. Meer kontemporêre invloede is Kathy Acker, Marie Calloway, Nathan Trantraal en Ronelda S. Kamfer. Acker virrie manier wat sy identiteit illustreer, amper soese collage constructed yt seemingly unrelated stukkies teks en experiences; Calloway vi haa detached en unromanticised skrywe oo sex en vehoudings; Trantraal en Kamfer virrie manier waarop hulle universal stories vetel in ’n taal wat tightly bound is aan ’n baie spesifieke geography. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Learning to make a difference: Small-scale women farmers in social learning spaces for climate action

  • Authors: Chanyau, Ludwig
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Social learning South Africa Amathole District Municipality , Value creation , Environmental education South Africa Amathole District Municipality , Climatic changes Study and teaching South Africa Amathole District Municipality , Communities of practice , Crops and climate South Africa Amathole District Municipality , Women farmers South Africa Amathole District Municipality , Farms, Small South Africa , Agricultural ecology South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/402944 , vital:69908 , DOI 10.21504/10962/402944
  • Description: How do women farmers in Africa learn about climate change? What is quality climate change learning for farmers? How do farmers interface new knowledge with their long-held and trusted traditional knowledge? How do we evaluate learning at farm level and beyond? Using Okoli’s theory mining review, I untangled a tripartite knot of social learning literature to find Social Learning Theory (SLT) suitable for a study to explore my practical and scholarly curiosity as reflected in the above questions. Wenger’s theory of Social Learning emerged as the most appropriate for my research. The second phase of my study explored the climate change learning and practice terrain for small-scale women farmers, analysing the connection between learning, practice, and the resultant value in two case study areas, municipalities in the Amathole District of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. In addition to a paper on SLT mining review that unravels and chooses between the strands of social learning, the two case studies resulted in three articles that responded to the study’s objectives and the research questions. The thesis is introduced and synthesised through five 'book-end' chapters, as well as through these four articles. What were my findings? In the first case study, in the drought-stricken Raymond Mhlaba Municipality, I gathered the data through individual semi-structured interviews with farmers, extension officers and representatives of the involved organisations. I also conducted a group interview with farmers and analysed documents to supplement interview data. I analysed the data using concepts of Communities of Practice (CoP) and SLT to map out the learning and practice landscape. I discovered a constellation of CoPs interconnected by the shared drive for adaptive water management. The constellation is made up of tertiary institutions, government departments, non-governmental organisations and farmers of varying experiences and competencies, with women emerging as the more proactive gender, and state-led extension services being willing but overstretched and under-resourced. SLT effectively traced the apparent fragmented learning within and outside the CoPs and the sudden and extensive shifts in the CoP boundaries, especially in the context of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns and the increased adoption of digital learning platforms. Despite the richness and diversity brought by the emergent new learning networks that involve participants in the province and further afield, the adoption of digital learning platforms worsened the existing generational digital divide among farmers. iii In the second case study, in the water scarce Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, I adopted the Value Creation Framework (VCF) to conduct an ethnographic evaluation that used semi-structured interviews, participant observation and document analysis of the learning experiences of women farmers in a social movement on agroecology. I found that the farmer-centred learning approach of the movement has created value for the farmers involved, evidenced by the adoption of agroecology by over 2700 members (including new urban farmers who are occupying open spaces typically used as dumpsites). The learning approach has facilitated expansive learning, enhanced resource mobilisation, new collaborations, partnerships, and seed sharing networks. Additionally, it necessitated context-appropriate and transformative changes to intersectional justice issues associated with historical inequalities in access to land and water and gender discrimination, leading to improved practices, new access to markets and improved quality yields. These are examples of immediate, potential, applied, realised, orienting, enabling and transformative as well as strategic value, as defined by the VCF. In reflecting on how women farmers learn in these social learning spaces I elucidate the learning impact pathways and local contextual influences in shifting CoP boundaries, domains, and practices during the climate crisis as it intersects with other compounding factors. I generated insights that could be useful for stakeholders in the agricultural (extension) sector to build better pathways for emancipatory and empowering expansive social learning in contexts characterised by resource constraints, but also by strong women-led agency. Such learning could make a difference and cushion small-scale farming from collapse especially in times of unprecedented changes. The agroecology movement and associated communities of practice explored in this study create transformative social learning spaces that are able to respond to climate change, and hence a model that state-led extension might want to adopt in other resource-constrained contexts. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Liquidity shocks and capital market efficiency in South Africa

  • Authors: Matapuri, Dexter Tinotenda Kushinga
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419610 , vital:71659
  • Description: Financial markets are dynamic in nature. As such, one way to keep up with their plethora of variables is to conduct research and seek understanding on how they all work together. Understanding financial market mechanics is the key to achieving and maintaining efficient capital markets. The goal of many economies is to have efficient capital markets mainly because they entail economic growth. One of the common avenues here being foreign direct investments. Therefore, over the years, a lot of financial economics research has been conducted on how best to attain financial market development which ultimately yields capital market efficiency. The opposite is also true. This research therefore set out to study the impact of liquidity shocks on capital market efficiency, more specifically stock market efficiency. As such, the overarching research goal was to determine the link between liquidity shocks and stock market efficiency in South Africa. Furthermore, the research also tested whether there is a homogenous impact exerted by liquidity shocks on the JSE Financial 15, JSE Industrial 25 and JSE Resource 20 indices. The arguments and thus conclusions of the research were constructed based on existing theories such as the Efficient Market hypothesis, Behavioural Finance and the Adaptive Market Hypothesis. Literature and existing empirical evidence related to the topic were also analysed and used for the same purpose. Econometric methods used to achieve these research goals include the time series and panel ARDL, impulse response and variance decomposition tests and the Granger Causality tests. The research found that liquidity shocks do impact stock market efficiency in South Africa in both the short run and long run. The direction of the impact was noted to vary with time and dependent on the liquidity shock proxy. Key findings here were that liquidity shocks lower JSE All-Share index efficiency in the short run thus allowing market participants to beat the market in the initial phases of a liquidity shock. Adding on, it was also found that illiquidity shocks lower efficiency for the JSE Financial 15 and Industrial 25 indices in the short run. In the long run, stock market efficiency is enhanced no matter the source of the shock. As such, the research recommended that regulatory policies should focus on liquidity shocks in the short run for the JSE All-Share index and on illiquidity shocks in the short run for the Financial 15 and Industrial 25 indices. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

M3: Mining Mini-Halos with MeerKAT

  • Authors: Trehaeven, Keegan Somerset
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424754 , vital:72181
  • Description: This work aims to showcase the MeerKAT telescope’s capabilities and related calibration and imaging software in studying the emission of radio mini-halos. These diffuse radio synchrotron sources surround a Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG) in relatively relaxed clusters out to a few 100 kpc in size. They are difficult to image because of their relatively low surface brightness and small angular size. Hence, they could not be studied in great detail by previous generations of radio telescopes and much about their nature, particularly the exact production mechanism, is not yet fully understood. Thus, for the first time, MeerKAT observed a sample of five galaxy clusters to investigate the central radio mini-halo in each. Studying these sources requires the deepest images generated from the data and the effective subtraction of any projected sources obscuring or contaminating the underlying diffuse emission. Therefore, I describe the data reduction used to create third-generation calibrated, primary beam corrected, point source subtracted Stokes I L-band continuum images of these clusters. For first- and second-generation calibration, I use the CARACal pipeline, which implements software optimised explicitly for MeerKAT data. For third-generation calibration, I use the faceted approach of killMS and DDFacet, and then I perform visibility-plane point source subtraction to disentangle the compact and diffuse emissions. I then measured the size, flux density, in-band spectral properties, and radio power of the central mini-halos. I present the first new mini-halo detection by MeerKAT (MACS J2140.2-2339, Trehaeven et al. accepted), the first spectral index maps of these mini-halos, which show very interesting distributions, and a ∼100 kpc II southern extension to the ACO 3444 mini-halo previously unseen in archival VLA data. Thereafter, I present a multi-wavelength case study for two complementary mini-halos from our sample and show via a radio-to-X-ray spatial correlation test that they might be caused by different particle (re)-acceleration mechanisms. Through these initial science results, I have shown that future observations of radio mini-halos with MeerKAT are an exciting prospect that can lead to a better understanding of the fundamental physics behind these sources. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Macroplastics in the environment: are they suitable habitats for macroinvertebrates in riverine systems?

  • Authors: Ali, Andrew Abagai
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424153 , vital:72128
  • Description: Emerging pollutants, such as plastics are threat to freshwater ecosystems, and may negatively impact riverine systems. They can modify riverine habitats and affect aquatic organism distribution and composition. Knowledge of how macroplastics alter riverine habitat heterogeneity, and their effects on macroinvertebrate assemblage structure is sparse, especially in Africa. This study examines the effect of hydraulic biotopes on the colonisation, establishment and succession patterns of macroinvertebrates on macroplastic and natural substrates based on the taxonomic and trait-based approach. Four experimental sites from minimally impacted upper reaches of the Buffalo, Kat, Kowie, and Swartkops Rivers in the Eastern Cape of South Africa were selected for the deployment of plastic substrates. Plastics materials, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and natural substrate composed of stone and vegetation, were used to formulate three substrate groups: Group 1: 100% natural substrates (NS), Group 2: 50% natural substrates and 50% plastic material (NP), and Group 3: 100% plastic materials (PD). These substrates were placed in litter bags of equal dimension (25 cm by 35 cm, with 2.5 cm mesh) and deployed randomly in three hydraulic biotopes (pools, riffles, runs) over a period of 180 days (October 2021 to April 2022). A total of 216 substrate bags, 54 bags per substrate were deployed per site in the four experimental sites. Twelve bags from each substrate group were retrieved at an interval of 30 days beginning on day 30 after deployment, and analysed for the establishment of macroinvertebrate communities. Based on composite hydraulic biotope data, Simpson index was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for macroinvertebrate assemblage structure on the 50% and 100% macroplastic substrate groups compared to natural substrates. With the exception of Tabanidae, Glossosomatidae, and Psephenidae, all macroinvertebrate taxa recorded showed non-significant positive correlations with all three substrate groups. However, Tabanidae, Glossosomatidae, and Psephenidae showed significant positive correlation with the 100% natural substrates, 50% plastic substrates and 100% plastic substrates, respectively. The parsimony analysis reveal that, within 30 days, all substrate groups underwent similar succession, with high abundance of pioneer taxa which increased on days 60 and 90, and then decreased from days 120 to 180. For the the pool biotope, Shannon and Simpson indices were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the macroinvertabrates collected over the natural substates compared with those collected on the macroplastic substrate groups. However, in the riffle and run biotopes, all diversity indices were similar for all substrate groups and no statistically significant difference was observed. Statistically significant higher values for taxonomic richness, diversity, and evenness were found on day 30 to 90 for the riffle biotopes, and day 30 to 60 for the run biotopes. The run biotope presented temporal statistical significant variability in taxonomic composition with different macroinvertebrate communities recorded on days 30 and 60 compared with days 90 to 180. However, in pools and riffles, no temporal variation was observed in the taxonomic composition of macroinvertebrates on all three substrate groups. The trait-based fuzzy correspondence analysis revealed differential spatial-temporal distribution of macroinvertebrate traits on all three substrate group. The early colonisers i.e. day 30 – 60, were dominated by group of taxa characterised by medium (>10 – 20 mm) and large (20 > 40) body size, flat body, collector-gatherers, free-living, and predators. The late colonisers, collected mainly on day 150 and 180 were dominated by taxa with a preference for high flow velocity (0.3 - 0.6 m/s), permanent attachment, and filter-feeding mode. Traits such as oval and flat body shape, medium body size (>10 - 20 mm), skating and clinging/climbing mobility, temporal attachment, shredders, predators, prey, and plastron and spiracle respiration showed positive correlation with the 100% macroplastic substrates. Filter feeding, crawling, permanent attachment, a preference for fast velocity (0.3-0.6 m/s), and coarse particle organic matter were positively correlated with the 50% macroplastic substrates. Overall, the results provided critical insights on the impact of macroplastics on the assemblage structure of biological communities by acting as suitable habitats in stream ecosystems. The study elucidated the role of traits of aquatic organisms in mediating the colonisation of plastics substrates, providing insights into the impact of plastics proliferation on riverine ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, the finding provides a baseline insight into the influence of hydraulic biotopes on the colonisation and establishment of macroinvertebrates on macroplastic acting as artificial riverine habitat. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Water Research, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Maintaining the façade: the disconnect between policy and practice in heritage resources management in Makhanda, South Africa

  • Authors: Dlongolo, Zandile Nombulelo
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424576 , vital:72165
  • Description: Cultural heritage is globally acknowledged as having the potential to contribute to positive economic, environmental, political, and social impacts (Graham, 2002). In the South African context, cultural heritage management is rooted in colonial and apartheid narratives that mark a large part of the country's history. Post-apartheid transformation processes have driven new approaches to managing heritage to represent the shared collective narrative of a democratic South Africa. This transformation includes the formation of the three-tiered South African heritage management system by the National Heritage Resources Agency (NHRA) in 1999 and a rethinking of what heritage constitutes and whose heritage matters. Despite the extensive cultural heritage resources in the country, literature concerning the management of these assets in the context of the urban environment and urban planning and management is limited (Donaldson, 2001; Donaldson et al., 2013; Buchanan & Donaldson, 2021; Kruger & Donaldson, 2021). This research explores the built environment heritage resources in Makhanda (formerly Grahamstown) in the Eastern Cape province. Makhanda possesses a rich and varied cultural heritage landscape, including over 70 Provincial Heritage Resources in the form of built environment heritage. The case study provides a perfect laboratory for investigating the various threats and opportunities in the local context that severely affect heritage management. The research used a mixed-method approach to generate data. Primary data were collected through a field survey of built environment heritage resources, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. Secondary data sources comprised government policy documents, by-laws, reports, research papers and newspaper articles. In the localised context, findings illustrated several challenges affecting local heritage management, centring mainly on the balance between heritage resource management and overall urban management. Findings identified challenges included a poor acknowledgement of the nuances in local history, questions on the effectiveness of legislation, governance and management issues, conflicting demands for social services and urban development, and building maintenance. Heritage resources are acknowledged as a potential tool to meet the local community's needs, and opportunities for developing the heritage sector were also identified. These suggestions include information sharing and cooperation between the municipality, community and various role players, community education, tourism product development, institutional development through skills development, the incorporation of intangible heritage, and the acknowledgement of more inclusive forms of cultural heritage. Overall, the findings indicate that the disconnection in heritage management, urban management practices, and municipal dysfunction in Makhanda threatens the built environment heritage and the local sense of place. The study argues that for local heritage management to succeed, there needs to be a balanced approach to heritage management and urban management through improvements in stakeholder relationships, governance, institutional capacity, knowledge sharing and community involvement in decision-making processes. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Geography, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Marine plastic pollution impacts on ecosystem services and livelihoods in South Africa: a review and stakeholder perceptions

  • Authors: Yose, Papama
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424743 , vital:72180
  • Description: Marine plastic pollution is one of the major environmental problems globally, with adverse impacts on marine ecosystem services, functions and benefits and people. Yet, compared to plastic pollution impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, the impacts of plastic waste on marine ecosystems are little studied and poorly understood in South Africa. In response, research interest on the ecological and economic impacts of marine plastic pollution has grown rapidly but socio-cultural impacts remain poorly conceptualized and little understudied. This trend is arguably driven by the dominance of a quantitative paradigm which is arguably inadequate to respond to dynamic socio-cultural issues and contexts. Further, in South Africa, marine ecosystems are used by diverse groups of people ranging from subsistence users, tourism operators, commercial fishers and recreational users, meaning that addressing marine plastic pollution requires a multi-stakeholder approach. However, few studies explore the perceptions of diverse stakeholders regarding marine plastic pollution, its impacts and potential interventions. Against this background, the objective of the thesis are twofold: (a) to argue for a more nuanced understanding of marine plastic pollution impacts on human well-being in order to strengthen conceptualization of impacts that goes beyond direct and quantitatively measured impacts (ecological, health and economic) but considers the socio-cultural dimensions of impacts (lifestyle disruptions, mental health costs and cultural and heritage impacts), and (b) examine stakeholders’ perceptions of marine plastic pollution, its impacts and potential interventions in South Africa. Drawing on case studies, this study provides a working definition of the socio-cultural impacts of marine plastic pollution and a conceptual framework for categorizing the impacts. It highlights three dimensions of the socio-cultural impacts of marine plastic pollution (lifestyle, mental health, and cultural and heritage impacts). It also illustrates connections between marine ecosystems and marine-based livelihood activities with the social and cultural dimensions of human wellbeing to show the links between marine environments and socio-cultural contexts. Concerning stakeholder perceptions, the study showed a tendency to associate marine plastic pollution with immediate, noticeable and easily quantifiable ecological impacts such as entanglement and ingestion of marine organisms, economic impacts and social impacts (e.g., loss of aesthetic appeal). However, secondary impacts such as loss of marine biodiversity and social impacts such as human health, were largely unknown. Moreover, there was heterogeneity in perceptions of marine plastic pollution impacts among the stakeholder groups. Prospective studies researching marine plastic pollution impacts should consider divergent and diverse perceptions of different stakeholders to capture the real costs of marine plastic pollution. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Environmental Science, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Native-range studies on insect herbivores associated with African Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) in South Africa: prospects for biological control in Australia

  • Authors: Yell, Liam Dougal
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424446 , vital:72154
  • Description: Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. (African Lovegrass) is an African native species of grass that was intentionally introduced for pasture in Australia. It has since escaped cultivation and has become widespread and highly invasive. Eragrostis curvula has been recorded in every state and territory in Australia where it has altered fire regimes, disrupted nutrient cycles and can reduce livestock carrying capacity by up to 50%. The Centre for Biological Control at Rhodes University and the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries have been working in collaboration to identify and screen herbivorous insects as biological control agents for E. curvula in Australia. Native-range surveys were conducted between 2021 and 2022 on E. curvula at twenty-two sites across South Africa to identify herbivorous natural enemies associated with it. Species accumulation curves were generated to ensure adequate sampling was performed to identify all the insects associated with E. curvula. Twenty-nine non-target grass species were surveyed simultaneously to determine the field-host range of the natural enemies associated with the target weed. Herbivorous natural enemies were prioritised as possible biological control agents against E. curvula in Australia based on field-host range, predicted efficacy and climatic suitability. Four insect species were consistently found on E. curvula, two of which were herbivorous, as well as a parasitoid and a detritivore. Species accumulation curves show that the insect community was adequately sampled in South Africa. The two herbivorous insects were identified to the lowest taxonomic level using COI barcoding. Both species are undescribed phytophagous wasps in the genus Tetramesa (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Because Tetramesa species have been shown to be host specific and highly damaging in previous biological control programs for other invasive grass weeds, we assessed their suitability as candidate biological control agents for use on E. curvula in Australia. Both Tetramesa species (“sp. 4” and “sp. 5”) were found on several native congeners under field conditions in South Africa. Congeneric South African-native non-target grass species were used as phylogenetic proxies to assess the risk posed to Australian native Eragrostis species. This highlighted three non-target Australian native Eragrostis species, namely: E. parviflora (R. Br.) Trin., E. leptocarpa Benth. fl., and E. trachycarpa Benth., that are at risk of being attacked by the two candidate agents based on their phylogenetic proximity to E. curvula. Predicted efficacy trials were conducted at five long-term repeat survey sites and revealed that Tetramesa sp. 4 does not reduce the probability of E. curvula tiller survival or reproduction, while Tetramesa sp. 5 does not reduce the probability of tiller reproduction but does increase the probability of tiller survival. This result was unexpected and may be a plant compensatory response to herbivory. The sites where both Tetramesa species were collected in South Africa are climatically similar to the invaded range of E. curvula in Australia, and as such, the Tetramesa spp. are likely to be suitably adapted to the climate where they would be released in Australia. These results suggest that both Tetramesa species associated with E. curvula may have too broad a host range to be used as biological control agents in Australia. However, further quarantine-based host-range assessments on Australian native Eragrostis species are recommended to confirm this. The field-based methods used in this study have reduced the number of insect and plant species that host-range assessments will be required to be performed on, thus preventing wasted resources. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Natural Language Processing with machine learning for anomaly detection on system call logs

  • Authors: Goosen, Christo
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424699 , vital:72176
  • Description: Host intrusion detection systems and machine learning have been studied for many years especially on datasets like KDD99. Current research and systems are focused on low training and processing complex problems such as system call returns, which lack the system call arguments and potential traces of exploits run against a system. With respect to malware and vulnerabilities, signatures are relied upon, and the potential for natural language processing of the resulting logs and system call traces needs further experimentation. This research looks at unstructured raw system call traces from x86_64 bit GNU Linux operating systems with natural language processing and supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques to identify current and unseen threats. The research explores whether these tools are within the skill set of information security professionals, or require data science professionals. The research makes use of an academic and modern system call dataset from Leipzig University and applies two machine learning models based on decision trees. Random Forest as the supervised algorithm is compared to the unsupervised Isolation Forest algorithm for this research, with each experiment repeated after hyper-parameter tuning. The research finds conclusive evidence that the Isolation Forest Tree algorithm is effective, when paired with a Principal Component Analysis, in identifying anomalies in the modern Leipzig Intrusion Detection Data Set (LID-DS) dataset combined with samples of executed malware from the Virus Total Academic dataset. The base or default model parameters produce sub-optimal results, whereas using a hyper-parameter tuning technique increases the accuracy to within promising levels for anomaly and potential zero day detection. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Computer Science, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Octa carboxy metal (II) phthalocyanine covalent films as pH sensitive electrochemical sensor for neurotransmitters

  • Authors: Moyo, Iphithuli
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424525 , vital:72161
  • Description: Octa acyl chloride metallophthalocyanines of cobalt (CoOAClPc) and iron (FeOAClPc) were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The metallophthalocyanines were fabricated as thin films onto phenylethylamine (PEA) pre-grafted Au electrode following a covalent amide reaction. The spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization confirmed the modification of the bare Au with PEA monolayer thin film (Au-PEA) and the covalent immobilization of MOAClPc to yield Au-PEA-MOAClPc (where M is Co and Fe). The acyl chloride functional groups were hydrolyzed forming pH sensitive thin films of terminal carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups (Au-PEA-MOCAPc). The Au-PEA-MOCAPc electrode exhibited pH selectivity and sensitivity properties towards the negatively charged [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- and positively charged [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ redox probes. The Au-PEA-MOCAPc electrodes were studied for their electrocatalytic and electroanalytical properties towards the detection of catecholamine neurotransmitters; dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NOR). The electrodes were further investigated in the screening of ascorbic and uric acids by means of pH sensitive functional groups. The modification process exhibited good reproducibility. Excellent electrocatalytic and electroanalytical properties were observed. The limits of detection (LOD) determined using 3σ/m was found to be 64 nM, 0.22 μM and 0.17 μM for DA, EP and NOR respectively using Au-PEA-CoOCAPc. For Au-PEA-FeOCAPc, the LOD was found to 0.24 μM, 0.45 μM and 0.34 μM for DA, EP and NOR respectively. The Au-PEA-MOCAPc electrodes screened off the strong interferents, ascorbic and uric acid. The Au-PEA-FeOCAPc electrode was evaluated for its potential application in real sample analysis using new born calf serum, and it showed excellent percentage recoveries. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13

Origin and metallogenic significance of alkali metasomatism in the Paleoproterozoic Mapedi Formation, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa

  • Authors: Ikwen, Emmanuella Biye
  • Date: 2023-10-13
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424632 , vital:72170
  • Description: The occurrence of alkali-rich metasomatic assemblages has been widely reported in various regions of the Kalahari Manganese Field (KMF). This alkali metasomatism has been characterized by the secondary introduction of elements such as K, Na, Li, Ba, P, V, Zn, As, amongst others. This study further explores the possibility of widespread alkali metasomatism in the KMF by reporting on and examining the occurrence of sugilite and other alkali-rich minerals at the contact between the Transvaal and Olifantshoek Supergroups in the Hotazel Mine area of the north-eastern KMF. The lithologies observed at the contact show macroscopic (such as cross cutting veins) and microscopic evidence of hydrothermal alteration. Using analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy, results showed that in the north-eastern region of the KMF, the metasomatism observed at the Transvaal-Olifantshoek contact is mainly characterized by enrichment in sodium, and the occurrence of sodium minerals, predominantly in the form of aegirine. The aegirine forms exclusively in the quartzites of the Mapedi Formation along with minerals such as sugilite, baryte, banalsite, amongst others. Albite also occurs within the quartzites, but also within the Mapedi red shales. The secondary nature of these minerals is established by geochemical comparisons with pristine, as well as alkali-metasomatized samples of the same formation which were obtained from other parts of the KMF and Postmasburg. These comparisons showed that the Mapedi quartzites in the north-eastern KMF have undergone extensive oxidation compared to samples of the same formation which were obtained from Postmasburg. The north-eastern quartzites have an average hematite abundance of 17 wt.% compared to Postmasburg quartzite which have an average of 7 wt.% hematite. Furthermore, some quartzite samples contained up to 40 wt.% in hematite content. The comparisons also showed that Mapedi quartzites from the north-eastern KMF are substantially more sodium enriched compared to Mapedi quartzites from the Postmasburg region, which on average have sodium oxide content below detection limits. Geochemical comparisons were made between pristine Hotazel Formation samples from north-western KMF (Gloria Mine) and samples obtained from the north-eastern KMF (Hotazel Mine). Results showed that the samples obtained from the top of the Hotazel Formation (in the Hotazel mine area) are likely altered hematite lutite and not Banded Iron Formation, evident by their substantially high manganese oxide content (over 30 wt.% in some cases). When compared to pristine samples, the lutite also showed evidence of hydrothermal alteration, predominantly in the form of phosphate and barium enrichment, evident by the occurrence of baryte and apatite. The alkali metasomatism occurring at the contact between the Transvaal and Olifantshoek Supergroups was shown to be predominantly characterized by enrichment in Na, K, Li, Al, Ba, Sr, and P. The metasomatism characterized in this study was also proposed to possibly post-date an earlier metasomatic event which was characterized by leaching of silica and extensive oxidation of the rocks observed at the Transvaal-Olifantshoek contact in the north-eastern KMF. The occurrence of the alkali-rich minerals outlined above geochemically parallels other alkali-rich metasomatic assemblages reported in other parts of the KMF, as well as in the Postmasburg Manganese Field. Thus, based on the consistent occurrence of secondary, alkali-rich mineral assemblages across the KMF, characterized by the common occurrence of aegirine along with minerals such as sugilite and albite, there is evidence of a large-scale alkali metasomatism in the KMF. This study also explores the possible role that the Transvaal-Olifantshoek unconformity might have played in acting as a major conduit for fluid propagation because the observed mineral assemblages occur right at the contact between the Hotazel and Mapedi Formations. The occurrence of the alkali-rich minerals predominantly around the unconformity, as well as the relative depletion of phosphates in stratigraphically deeper parts of the Hotazel suggest that the fluid metasomatism was aided by the Olifantshoek-Transvaal unconformity surface. This study concludes that there is evidence for a strong link between the metasomatism occurring at the contact between the Hotazel and Mapedi formations (in the north-eastern KMF) and what is observed in the broader KMF region. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Geology, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-10-13
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