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Local tourism governance of destination marketing organisations

  • Authors: Bartis, Hugh Henry
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Place marketing Tourism -- Marketing
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17799 , vital:28455
  • Description: Globally tourism is one of the biggest industries and its role is considered key in economic development. In South Africa, tourism is one of the main economic drivers. Thus, tourism contributes to the gross domestic product, generates foreign exchange and provides sustainable employment opportunities. In order to facilitate local economic development (LED), local destination marketing organisations (DMOs) need to ensure that their operations are geared towards optimising the economic advantages related to tourism growth and development. As a result the DMOs must be strategic and well-managed. One way of achieving this is to ensure that the board of directors and specifically the non-executive directors (NEDs) practise good governance. In South Africa, three (3) types of DMOs are found, namely those that are funded by local government and incorporated into the municipality. The second type of DMOs is funded by the private sector. The third type of DMOs is those funded by both the local government and the private sector. In this case, the DMO has an agreement with the local government in terms of what their mandate is and what the agreed outcomes would be. A board of directors, comprising both executive directors (EDs) and nonexecutive directors (NEDs) is responsible for the governance of the local DMO. The main research problem of the study is the attributes and experience of the nonexecutive directors that serve on the boards of DMOs in accordance with developmental standards of best practices. In order to address the main problem, the following research objectives were formulated: To identify best practice by examining the literature as to how NEDs are prepared to serve on boards of both listed and non-listed organisations. To determine whether any policy frameworks provide guidance to NEDs serving on DMOs in South Africa. To examine whether any training or preparatory programmes exist specifically for NEDs in DMOs. To investigate whether NEDs should have specific attributes that would improve their governance of DMOs. To develop a set of recommendations that would assist NEDs to play a more effective role when executing their responsibilities. In order to address these research objectives, a quantitative research methodology was adopted sampling all the DMOs in South Africa that could be identified and were governed by a board of directors. For this purpose, a self-completed questionnaire was distributed to the board of directors of DMOs and specifically the non-executive directors. The results of the study indicated that no guidelines existed that DMOs could follow to better prepare the NEDs of local DMOs. Furthermore, no policy frameworks provide guidance to NEDs serving on local DMOs. The only guidelines that exist are generic guidelines of the King IV Report for NEDs of listed and non-listed organisations. In addition, Pike (2016:108) listed a number of characteristics of good governance. The study also revealed that no training or preparatory programmes exist for the NEDs of local DMOs. Finally, the study highlighted five (5) attributes that NEDs consider as critical in fulfilling their obligations. These include the empowerment of NEDs, the commitment of NEDs, communication with NEDs, job satisfaction of the NEDs and the need for NEDs to understand policy frameworks relevant to their tasks.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

The state of constitutionalism in Uganda: 1962-2018

  • Authors: Bashasha, Turyatemba Alex
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Constitutional history -- Uganda , Constitutional history Constitutional law -- Uganda
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23669 , vital:30596
  • Description: This Thesis examines the state of constitutionalism in Uganda between 1962 and 2018. The central question which it seeks to answer is: ‘why did Ugandan governments persistently fail to adhere to the basic requirements of the doctrine of constitutionalism between 1962 and 2018?’ In answering this question, which has challenged and continues to challenge many academicians, politicians, government officials, researchers and the international community alike, the Thesis adopts the Theory of Neo-patrimonialism as a theoretical lens through which the behaviours of the post-independence presidents of Uganda are examined. The Thesis discovers that, indeed, Neo-patrimonialism is a fundamental framework for analysing and explaining constitutionalism in post-independence Uganda. Against this backdrop, the Thesis concludes that, the collective behaviours of Uganda’s post-independence presidents viewed through the lens of neo-patrimonialism are more fundamental in understanding the failure of democracy and good governance in Uganda than the country’s structural problems of constitutionalism. The originality of the Thesis is in: (a) its being the first comprehensive investigation into why Ugandan governments have persistently failed to adhere to the basic requirements of the doctrine of constitutionalism for the entire period of 56 years (1962-2018) of post-independence Uganda; and (b) its being the first study to apply the Theory of Neo-patrimonialism in explaining the volatile nature and state of constitutionalism in Uganda. The contribution of the Thesis to the existing knowledge lies in its; (a) generation of detailed and well-researched information about the volatility of constitutionalism in Uganda between 1962 and 2018, (b) recommendation of strategies that should be adopted to effectively enhance consititutionalism in Uganda, and (c) authentication of the validity of the claims that despite its shortcomings, Neo-patrimonialism is a Theory which not only continues to define and drive African politics but its application can suitably be used to explain the volatile nature of constitutionalism in post-independence Uganda and the rest of Africa.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

The determinants of waste separation behaviour in Uitenhage, South Africa

  • Authors: Basson, Anna-Marie
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Recycling industry -- South Africa , Sustainable development -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa -- Environmental aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23658 , vital:30593
  • Description: The value of waste as a resource, diverting waste from landfills and the need for a circular economy, was emphasised at the South African and European Colloquium on recycling hosted by PETCO, the polyethylene terephthalate company (Godfrey, 2013, p. 17). In South Africa, the recycling industry is seen as a means to provide income and skills development, and to create sustainable livelihoods. Yet, the country remains deeply entrenched in landfilling (Godfrey, 2013, p. 19). According to Zhang, Huang, Yin and Gong (2015, p. 9475) “understanding the factors that affect residents’ waste separation behaviours helps in constructing effective environmental campaigns for the community”. The focus of a waste management system should be to motivate and convince the consumer to dispose of their waste in a sustainable manner. The waste separation decision is complex and can be explained by the theory of planned behaviour and theory of reasoned action (Nguyen, Nguyen, Lobo & Dao, 2017, p. 2). The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the factors that influence the waste separation behaviour of households in the Uitenhage area. In order to achieve this aim, secondary research (literature review) and primary research (empirical study) were conducted. The study has shown that if the residents are presented with free containers and have access to a collection service which facilitates the flow of the recyclables from the point of consumption to the point of sustainable disposal and conversion, it could motivate them to separate the waste. The only variable that was found significant in relation to household waste separation behaviour was motivation. The respondents are motivated to separate their household waste; yet, they do not separate it. The frequency distribution analysis reported that the sample was not experienced waste separators, where less than half of the sample was engaged in some waste separation activities. Yet, the respondents had a positive attitude towards the importance of waste separation and disagreed that waste separation is inconvenient. The majority of the respondents agreed that they have control over their behaviour and that the decision to separate their waste is within their control, but yet they do not separate their waste. The respondents agreed that they have the knowledge of what and how to separate waste, however, disagreed that they know where to take their separated waste. Interestingly, the respondents agreed that waste separation is The determinants of waste separation behaviour in Uitenhage, South Africa part of their moral norms; yet, they do not consider family and friends, including the municipality, to exert social pressure on them to separate their household waste. It is recommended that the municipality investigates the requirements for implementing a waste management scheme which provides containers for free and collects separated waste from households. Entrepreneurs can also play a pivotal role in bridging the gap in the waste management supply chain by establishing buy-back centres and sustainable recycling depots to facilitate the collection of separated waste for recycling. These collection services, buy-back centres and recycling depots present business opportunities and job creation potential, which will drive the economic growth in the Nelson Mandela Bay area.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

The use of building information modelling as a tool to improve informed design communication between student and lecturer during critique sessions

  • Authors: Basson, Jean-Pierre
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Building information modeling , Building -- Data processing Construction industry -- South Africa Construction projects -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23680 , vital:30598
  • Description: Within the design studio at the Department of Architecture, Nelson Mandela University, the timeous submission of design projects is a problem. After close inspection, it is noted that students spend weeks on conceptual design ideas with no progressions towards completion. The purpose of the study is thus to determine whether building information modelling (BIM), as opposed to the traditional method of design, can be used to improve informed design communication during conceptual design for the first-year master of architecture students and contribute to timeous design project submission. A cohort comparison rubric will be used as the method for looking at the qualitative attributes of design intention, function, aesthetics, and sustainability. The 2016 cohort made use of the traditional design method, whereas for the 2017 cohort the BIM course was introduced in the computer module with implementation in the design studio. The work of nine students from both cohorts was analysed and findings include the following: improved drawing type availability, accuracy, and quality; reduced time spent on redundant work; inclusive discussions compared to isolated critique sessions; reduced printing costs - and the establishment of “what if” scenarios early in the project. Based upon the research findings it can be concluded that BIM as a teaching strategy and process has the capability of improving the communication between student and lecturer in the conceptual stage, thereby leading to a more timeous submission. It is recommended that BIM education must be incorporated in the undergraduate programme thereby providing students with an appropriate platform for expressing conceptual ideas more effectively within the design course.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

The development of an optimised decision based methodology for the replacement timing of frontline equipment utilised within the quarrying industry

  • Authors: Basson, Kenneth Mervyn
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Decision making , Industrial equipment Industrial equipment -- Maintenance and repair
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23647 , vital:30592
  • Description: At present, frontline equipment employed at B&E International, and operating within the quarrying sector is typically replaced as soon as the operating expenses are deemed to be excessive. From a capital budgeting perspective, the trigger for signalling the replacement of equipment occurs when prescribed operating cost performance metrics are violated. In some instances, a further consideration for motivating the replacement of equipment is when the perception arises that the nonavailability of the equipment employed, results in financial losses being incurred by a company. It can therefore be argued that the current equipment replacement timing methodological approach adopted at B&E International is suboptimal in nature. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that in many instances, escalation of commitment manifests itself whereby unnecessary capital is repeatedly invested in order to extend the life of an asset resulting in a situation occurring whereby the required level of investment return is not achieved. In the event of these situations arising, the decision to replace an asset is prolonged as a result of the suboptimal investment decisions being made. The primary focus of this study is to provide a methodological equipment replacement framework that is based upon sound capital budgeting fundamentals. A comprehensive literature review of capital budgeting approaches that specifically focus on the optimal replacement timing of frontline quarrying equipment, did not yield any relevant studies that have been undertaken in this regard. This study did however investigate contemporary equipment replacement approaches based upon a capital budgeting paradigm and highlighted their respective limitations. Convincing evidence obtained, indicated that the most widely accepted method of identifying the optimal replacement timing of equipment occurs when the economic life of the asset is attained. This in itself would therefore infer that a cost minimisation approach is the most pervasive methodological approach adopted in order to identify the optimal replacement timing of equipment. When considering capital investment based decisions, it was found that the discounted cash flow based methodologies are the most widely used and accepted approach applied in the mining industry. Notwithstanding this, one major caveat manifests itself in that when considering the optimal replacement timing of front line equipment within the quarrying industry, the inclusion of uncertainty, flexibility and the associated financial risks was not evident. In order to model these effects, a probabilistic Net Present Value (NPV) approach was adopted and the required Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) models were constructed. Given the uncertainty of the expected cumulative R&M profiles for the asset classes constituting this study, an extensive statistical analysis was carried out in order to establish the required predictive Repair and Maintenance (R&M) models required for the DCF analysis by means of regression analysis. Further regression analyses were conducted in order to model the overall availability and utilisation metrics for the respective asset classes included in this study. The consequence of incurring downtime was investigated and the resultant DCF analysis yielded a significant impact on the Free Cash Flow (FCF) generated by the respective assets. The magnitude of the incurred consequential financial losses incurred as a result of the respective downtime was found to be significant when considering frontline equipment. In order to model the effect of, and the extent to which, the respective independent variables influence the static NPV outcome, a sensitivity analysis was performed. From this, the influence of the independent variables constituting the NPV model employed in this study, were observed. A Real Options Analysis (ROA) approach was initially employed in order to model the effects of FCF uncertainty and the results of carrying out this analysis indicated a minimal influence on the static NPV model referred to earlier. It was therefore concluded that from an equipment replacement timing perspective, the ROA approach did not provide a robust and accurate representation of the probabilistic NPV outcomes anticipated. In order to address these perceived shortcomings, an Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model was constructed and the requisite probability distribution functions representing the most influential independent variables determined from the sensitivity analysis were identified and subsequently analysed. The results of the MCS analysis yielded the expected NPV outcomes that were found to be far more conservative compared to the static NPV outcomes referred to previously. Furthermore, the concluding findings of this study indicate that in order to estimate the optimal time to dispose of an asset, a static NPV analysis must first be modelled and thereafter a probabilistic NPV analysis. The respective uncertainty aspects over the lifespan of the assets should be identified to be incorporated into the MCS model. This methodological approach therefore opposes the use of a strictly deterministic based approach and rather predicates the use of a probabilistic NPV based framework. This study further concluded that traditional DCF approaches fail to consider management flexibility in terms of adapting to uncertainty and to also reduce the possibility of “escalation of commitment” occurring as a result of sub-optimal equipment replacement timing decisions by management. The use and acceptance of the traditional DCF approaches are acknowledged, but in order to develop an equipment replacement methodological approach that considers uncertainty and risk on the one hand and also allows for the incorporation of real data over the assets lifetime on the other, the use of an MCS probabilistic NPV based model was found to be the optimal approach to be adopted. The result of updating the static NPV model with updated data as soon as it is obtained enables one to generate accurate probabilistic distribution functions required for the subsequent MCS analysis. By adopting this approach the study has concluded that one can obtain realistic and accurate NPV forecasts from the anticipated FCF estimates. The principal conclusion obtained from this study is that the optimal time in which to replace front line assets employed at B&E International is when the probabilistic net earnings profile, viz., NPV of the equipment is maximized.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Synthesis and application of novel coumarin-triazole-based polymeric sensors towards metal ion sensing

  • Authors: Battison, Aidan Leigh
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Polymers -- Optical properties , Polymers -- Electric properties Biosensors
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23636 , vital:30591
  • Description: One of the greatest challenges in the South African society is the pollutants which we are exposed to within our environment. The mismanagement and release of toxic analytes via different chemical, agricultural and industrial processes has led to a critical need for advanced monitoring systems for environmental protection, remediation and restoration. Industrial processes release a plethora of different pollutants into the earth, atmosphere, and aquatic ecosystems. Most pollutant causing activities are due to mining, agriculture, industry and chemical storage. Most contaminants released by these processes are not biodegradable and may be able to exude into water systems where they present an immense threat to environmental and human health. The number of different analytes released into the environment is greater than the number of sensors able to detect these species. Clearly, there is a need for a rapid and low-cost means of detection, recognition, and monitoring of these analytes. Fluorescent coumarin-triazole-based polymeric materials were designed and investigated as potential sensors for these metal ionic species. The Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes was the focus method of polymerization to form the fluorescence enhancing triazole moiety. The coumarin-triazole units formed the backbone of these polymeric material. The photophysical properties of the starting monomers and polymers were investigated in THF solvent. The polymers showed to have higher absorption and emission intensities than their respective starting monomers. The chemosensing capabilities of the polymers for metal ions were investigated through their emission properties. The polymers showed to have the greatest response towards Hg2+ and Ag+. Furthermore, the polymers displayed a reversible response towards Hg2+ in the presence of EDTA. The most responsive and reversible polymer system was applied for metal sensing capabilities towards Hg2+ from a known water source. This polymer proved to be a sensitive and reversible chemosensor for Hg2+ ions. The site of metal complexation on the polymer systems was verified by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and was found to be mainly the triazole moieties from the polymer backbone. Finally, the possible mechanism for the fluorescent response of Hg2+ and Ag+ was also investigated.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

A reconciliation study of different resource estimation methods and drill hole spacing as applied to the Langer Heinrich calcrete-hosted uranium deposit, Namibia

  • Authors: Baufeldt, Sven
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Uranium -- Namibia , Calcretes -- Namibia , Carnotite -- Namibia , Uranium mines and mining -- Namibia , Uranium ores -- Geology -- Namibia , Langer-Heinrich Uranium mine
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62527 , vital:28203
  • Description: The Langer Heinrich calcrete hosted uranium deposit is situated approximately 90 km to east of the coastal town of Swakopmund in Namibia. It is run by an Australian owned company, Paladin Energy Limited, along with China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) who maintain 25% of the shares. Production commenced in 2007 and has been ongoing. Carnotite is the primary and only ore mineral, and the nature of mineralisation within the Langer Heinrich palaeo channel dictates westward-directed continuous open pit mining. Smaller-scale 1micro pits target near-surface, high-grade, lenses toward the east. The high variability in uranium grade over relatively short distances complicates the grade estimation process. This combined with a low uranium price, and a study aimed at optimising of mine production is one of the key drivers for the research presented in this thesis. The efficacy of four resource estimation techniques, commonly used in the mining industry, are investigated by application to variable exploration, infill drilling and grade-control drill pattern spacing. The drill spacing includes regular grids of 50 m x 50 m, 25 m x 25 m and 12,5 m x 12,5 m exploration data. Also included is grade control drill data, drilled on a 4 m x 4 m spacing. The current selective mining unit (SMU) is 4mE x 4mN x 3mRl which is an indication of the minimum dimension whereby the loading equipment can separate ore from waste. The two datasets are processed by four estimation techniques: Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW, squared and cubed), Ordinary Kriging (OK), Multiple Indicator Kriging (MIK) and Conditional Simulation (CS). The two datasets consisted of real-time mining data from pit G1 (micro-pit) in the eastern parts of the mining licence, and pit H1 (continuous larger open pit) in the western area of the palaeo channel. The reconciliation project aims to provide results suitable for devising optimised mining strategies, particularly in future targets where drill spacing can perhaps be improved to provide suitable data with a greater cost saving strategy. Along with the optimal drill spacing or combination thereof, a preferred estimation technique can be suggested and recommended for future operations that involve mining of surficial calcrete-hosted uranium deposits. Results of this study show that 12,5 m x 12,5 m drill spacing provided estimation accuracies similar to that of the narrow 4 m x 4 m grade control spacing (blast hole drilling spacing). The 12,5 m x 12,5m spacing has potential for accurate grade estimations during mining, and could be supplemented by infill downhole radiometric logging on a 4 m x 4 m spacing when 1 Micro pit: Small pits within palaeo channel usually targeted for their near surface high-grade ore necessary. In general, Multiple Indicator Kriging (MIK) provided the most accurate and robust estimations on the wider spaced exploration data and conditional simulation (CS) proved more efficient on the narrow grade control data. These results correspond with current exploration practices for surficial uranium deposits world-wide. Deposit type, therefore complexity and hence SMU sizes play a pivotal role in drill hole planning and estimation accuracies.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Servant leadership: antecedent to Quality of Worklife of customer service frontline employees

  • Authors: Bedser, Mark Bernard
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Call center agents Servant leadership Customer Service -- Quality control Employee morale Job satisfaction Quality of work life
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62144 , vital:28132
  • Description: Contact Centre agents operate in closely monitored and highly controlled environments and their work consists of solving service requests or assisting customers with information on products or services. Consequently their work involves a great deal of emotional labour and stress. It is not surprising then, that the working environment of the Contact Centre is reported to have a negative impact on the levels of Quality of Worklife of Contact Centre agents, and that in the Contact Centre context, it is likely that low levels of Quality of Worklife exist. It is argued that it is important for organisations to be particularly aware of the Quality of Worklife perceptions of their employees should they want to address Quality of Worklife levels and benefit from the positive consequences of higher levels of the construct. Numerous variables are reported to play either an antecedent, moderating, mediating, or consequential role in relation to the Quality of Worklife construct. A systems model of Quality of Worklife is developed, which illustrates the inter-relationships of these variables and how they affect and are affected by the Quality of Worklife construct. It is argued that leadership is an important antecedent to Quality of Worklife, and this is the antecedent of interest in this study. It is proposed that it is not just any leadership that will contribute to an improved Quality of Worklife, particularly within a challenging context such as the Contact Centre environment. Rather, it is suggested that certain qualities of leaders will have a greater influence on Quality of Worklife. For example, leaders who focus on relationships and are caring - characteristics associated with servant leaders - are deemed more suitable for the Contact Centre context. The research also proposes that there are close associations between Servant Leadership and Trust, which in turn has the potential to affect Quality of Worklife positively. It is argued, therefore, that Trust mediates the relationship between Servant Leadership and Quality of Worklife in the customer service frontline context. While there is a broad base of literature available on servant leadership that focuses on the senior or executive level of leadership, Van Dierendonck and Nuijten (2011) have argued that it is also relevant at the middle level of management and have validated an eight dimensional measure of servant leadership that is suitable for this management level. The Van Laar, Edwards and Easton (2007) Quality of Worklife model is also argued to be an appropriate model and measure of the Quality of Worklife construct, due to the robustness of the instrument design and the appropriateness of its underlying theory to the context of this research. Research has shown that leadership can have a significant relationship with Quality of Worklife. Moreover, a review of the literature on servant leadership reveals that trust, satisfaction, general well-being, and commitment to their jobs increases when employees are exposed to leadership behaviours associated with servant leadership. There is however, no evidence in the literature of any investigation of the relationship between Servant Leadership and Quality of Worklife, or of research investigating the partial mediating effects of Trust between these two constructs. Research was conducted to test this relationship. A survey questionnaire was administered amongst a sample of 555 Contact Centre agents, who were employed in eight different organisations. Confirmatory factor analysis procedures were conducted in STATA (V15.0), to test and validate the factor structure of Servant Leadership and Quality of Worklife models. The research also produced a Servant Leadership, Trust and Quality of Worklife structural equation model that supported the hypotheses of the relationships between the constructs. Mediation analysis confirmed Trust’s role as a mediator between Servant Leadership and Quality of Worklife. The structural equation model confirmed that synergies between Servant Leadership, Trust and Quality of Worklife exist, and that Trust partially mediates the relationship between Servant Leadership and Quality of Worklife. It is therefore argued that an increase in Servant Leadership behaviour by the manager or supervisor of frontline staff has a positive association with increases of Trust, as well as positive associations with Quality of Worklife experienced by employees in the frontline context. Moreover, it is also posited that the relationship between Servant Leadership and Quality of Worklife is partially mediated by Trust of the supervisor. The implications of these results are discussed, and recommendations made for management practice and further research.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

How to be or not to be? A critical dialogue on the limitations and opportunities of academic development in the current higher education context

  • Authors: Behari-Leak, Kasturi , Chitanand, N , Padayachee, Kershree , Masehela, L , Vorster, Jo-Anne E , Ganas, Rieta , Merckel, Vanessa
  • Date: 2018
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124217 , vital:35577 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-13671ff578
  • Description: In the tumultuous time we find ourselves, debates about pedagogy have taken centre stage once again. Concerns raised by the student protests of 2015 and 2016 have highlighted the urgent need to re-think traditional teaching, learning and assessment practices, as well as the development of decolonised and transformative curricula.Traditional notions of academic and professional development are now being tested and contested, insofar as they are able to respond to student challenges in appropriate, responsive, legitimate and relevant ways. As a professional organisation dedicated to supporting learning and teaching, the executive team of HELTASA responded to the challenge in this article by engaging with perspectives on the purpose, role and conceptualisation of academic development in the current decolonial moment in the South African Higher Education landscape. Critical processes that enable academics to engage, share thoughts and debate epistemological, pedagogical and methodological options to support students and academics are much needed. And the context and spirit in which these debates occur may be as important as the debates themselves.At its annual conference, the executive team facilitated a critical dialogue with conference delegates on the limitations and opportunities of AD in our current context. Given the diverse teaching and learning contexts and institutional differentiation in the sector, this article explores individual and collective theorised observations, reflections and experiences of the seven facilitators who led the CD. These reflections were analysed and discussed against the backdrop of AD as well as the affordances of CD as a participatory learning and engagement methodology. The findings showed that there is dire need to re-imagine, not only AD’s role but alternative forms of critical engagement in the sector.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Biotic and abiotic drivers of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a South African river

  • Authors: Bellingan, Terence Andrew
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Aquatic insects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Stream ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Freshwater ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Riparian areas -- Management , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mayflies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Stoneflies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Keiskamma River
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61839 , vital:28067
  • Description: Aquatic insects are the most numerically abundant and diverse group of organisms found in lotic ecosystems in South Africa and the world over. They play vital roles in freshwater ecosystem functioning, processing nutrients and in turn forming integral links in stream food-webs. This thesis focussed on examining the macroinvertebrate fauna within three reaches of headwater streams of the Keiskamma River system: reaches that were considered to be fishless; reaches that were invaded by non-native salmonid species; and reaches that were dominated by native fish. I described the effects of predatory fish presence through detailed examination of macroinvertebrate assemblage composition; macroinvertebrate drift timing and density; and through niche utilisation determined from stable isotope data. Patterns in the macroinvertebrate assemblages of the headwaters of the Keiskamma River appear to be driven more strongly by flow rate and seasonal influences, but fish presence and biotope availability were also significant drivers. Niche shifts due to predator presence were not easy to detect and, while patterns of influence may have been evident, they were not found to be significant. However, I demonstrated that salmonids selectively feed on native fish species when the opportunity is presented, occupying significantly higher trophic levels when co-occurring with native fish than in invaded reaches where native fish are absent. Drift timing and density were demonstrated to be significantly different between reach for specific macroinvertebrate species from the Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, under differing fish predation regimes, in agreement with what has been observed from studies in rivers elsewhere. In freshwater ecosystems of South Africa and worldwide, mitigation of negative effects of alien fishes through their removal using piscicides may also affect non-target organisms. To better understand the effects of just such a removal operation, employed for the first time in the history of freshwater conservation in South Africa, macroinvertebrate communities were assessed for non-target effects of rotenone. The fish eradication operations were demonstrated to have a short-term negative effect on the macroinvertebrate assemblage, through water quality index measurements and alteration of densities of macroinvertebrate taxa collected from stone surfaces. However, no long-term detrimental impact was observed as macroinvertebrate faunas returned to a comparable pre-treatment state within a year of each rotenone application.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Microfinace and poverty alleviation in Uganda

  • Authors: Ben, Ssembajjwe
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Microfinance -- Uganda , Economic development -- Uganda Economic assistance, Domestic Poverty -- Economic aspects -- Uganda
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23624 , vital:30588
  • Description: Microfinance began in Uganda in the early 1990s as a response to the failure by formal financial institutions to extend financial services to the poor because of the high transaction costs involved. These microfinance institutions provide financial and non-financial services to the poor in order for the poor to generate incomes and consequently alleviate poverty. The advent of microfinance institutions was not accidental but rather in response to the people’s needs and they have therefore been beneficial for the people of Uganda. Because of that, several MFIs have been initiated to help the poor. Although many services are provided, the study focused on credit services. As most of the MFIs have to balance the business goal of profit maximization and the social goal of poverty reduction, the main objective of this study was to explore whether microfinance in Uganda is an effective tool for poverty alleviation. The study was conducted in four districts, namely Mukono, Mpigi, Wakiso and Luwero. Using random probability sampling, a sample of 170 was drawn from a pool of 300 MFI clients. and all of them responded. MFI officials were also interviewed. A total 136 officials were obtained from 47 MFI branches. The study used descriptive methods of analysis, a Likert scale to derive means, as well as a Principal Component Analysis technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to detect if there were any statistically significant differences among the demographic variables used in the study. A Probit Regression Model was used to determine the impact of certain variables drawn from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on poverty in Uganda. The results obtained proved that MFIs in general are effective in combating poverty in Uganda. Variables that are significant in poverty reduction through loan use are land, education, employment, household incomes and occupations of the respondents, loan sizes and improved livelihoods. Despite the positive impact of MFI loans in Uganda, the MFIs are faced with a number of challenges. The results from the interviews with the MFI officials indicated that MFIs are challenged by increasing competition, bad debt, multiple borrowings by clients, and information asymmetry. The study recommended reduced interest rates on agricultural, education and business loans. The public must also be sensitised about borrowing and there should be increased monitoring and supervision of clients, improved assessment of creditworthiness, and government should ensure an enabling environment and encourage group loans. Effort should be exerted to create employment opportunities. The study also recommended improvement in market intelligence and to be alert in gathering information on client profiles. it was recommended that microloan insurance and savings must be encouraged, operational costs be reduced, portfolios be expanded to increase loans and outreach must be maximised. Lastly, the thesis put forward some potential areas for further studies.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

An assessment of quality health care in the operating theatres of Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Bennett, Fabion Charton
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Medical care Surgical instruments and apparatus -- Safety measures
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13425 , vital:39660
  • Description: BACKGROUND: Operating theatres are one of most expensive resources in a hospital. The management of operating theatres is complex due to the conflicting priorities and preferences of all stakeholders. Operating theatres also pose one of the greatest medico legal risks to any hospital. This study was conducted at Frere Hospital in East London to assess the functioning of the operating theatre system. The focus of this study was on Pre-operative categorisation of emergency cases, the utilisation of the World Health Organisation Safety Checklist, compliance to the National Core Standards for Health, the effectiveness of governance and review processes, theatre staffing as well as theatre efficiency indicators (start time/tardiness, utilisation, turn-around time, re-admission to theatre rate, cancellation on day of procedure, slate under/over runs, Anaesthetic time as a percentage of theatre time). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to promote the adherence to the various operating theatre universal approaches by operating theatre staff with the goal of reducing costs and errors caused by poor quality in operating theatres and improving the overall health system. METHOD: In this research a convergent parallel mixed method research design was applied. The research was non-experimental and descriptive in approach, using a mixed method questionnaire, a structured open ended interview, a structured infrastructure assessment, a structured observation checklist and an audit of patient files for a review of emergency surgical cases. Data was collected during October 2016 and January 2017.The study population consisted of 13 operating rooms across 6 operating theatre suites, surgical management staff as well as clinical and nursing staff in the operating theatres at Frere Hospital in East London. RESULTS: The study showed opportunities for improvement in the overall management of the operating theatres to ensure efficient quality care; the data from the observations, questionnaires, interviews as well as the analysis of the efficiency indicators consistently showed that an effective process of operating theatre governance and performance is non-existent, the Pre- operative categorisation of emergency cases is inconsistently applied, the compliance to the principles of the World Health Organisation Safety Checklist Is very low, theatre nursing staff levels per case is low, staff are also demotivated and theatre efficiency indicators require improvement. During this study, the Paediatric theatre suite appeared to be well run and compliant with opportunity to increase theatre utilisation, the casualty theatre is underutilised and has potential to be utilised as an enabler to improve the efficiency of other theatres. The main theatre and endoscopy suites have opportunities to improve its compliance to universal operating theatre quality and efficiency standards, the Orthopaedics and Obstetrics theatre suites, however, require urgent improvement focus. DISCUSSION: According to the findings, a structured operating theatre governance and performance review processes should be implemented with the intention of ensuring consistency across the management of the 6 operating theatre suites in the hospital. A review of staffing allocation and relative task allocation should be conducted. Interventions should be implemented to increase utilisation rates, improve the pre-operative categorisation of emergency cases, improve the compliance to the principles of the World Health Organisation Safety Checklist, reduce case start time variance/tardiness, reduce cancellation on day of procedure, increase anaesthetic time as a percentage of theatre time by introducing pre- anaesthetic induction prior to the patient being wheeled into the operating room.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Biochemical characterisation and small molecule modulation of the interaction between two cytosolic Hsp70s from Trypanosoma brucei and potential co-chaperones

  • Authors: Bentley, Stephen John
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63402 , vital:28407
  • Description: Expected release date-April 2019
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Featuring simplicity: jargon and access in contemporary South African art

  • Authors: Bereng, Lerato
  • Date: 2018
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MFA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60479 , vital:27784
  • Description: The focus of this paper is an exploration of curating and its various forms as understood in a South African art context. In order to understand this context I examine definitions of South African publics as well as different curatorial models. I raise questions around art and accessibility as well as the functions of language as a gate keeper within the visual arts. Through a practical exploration of curatorial methods of engagement, I assess the curator's role as disseminator of information. My final project Conversations at Morija that was held in Morija, Lesotho faces the challenge of curating within a space that has a strong creative platform, but lacks a visual art audience. The exhibition was held during the 2013 Morija Art and Culture festival which is dominated by its music component. Despite Morija being the country's creative centre and sole museum, there is little support for its programme both monetary and in terms of attendance. Through a series of conversations several issues pertaining to Morija, Lesotho and the diaspora were addressed. I look at the absence of creative platforms and alternative curatorial methods that engage the public in a participatory manner. Briefly exploring questions of migrant labour and definitions of what constitutes a diaspora. I look at relatable ways to engage the local audience whilst maintaining a creative core in which to spark dialogue around pertinent matters relating to the country.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity and trypanocidal evaluation of novel 1, 3, 6-substituted non-fluoroquinolones

  • Authors: Beteck, Richard M , Isaacs, Michelle , Khanye, Setshaba D , Hoppe, Heinrich C
  • Date: 2018
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123140 , vital:35409 , https://doi.org/10.17159/0379-4350/2018/v71a25
  • Description: Sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) is a neglected tropical disease that affects mostly the poorest communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Toxic side effects associated with the use of current anti-trypanosomal drugs, which in some cases kill faster than the disease itself, necessitate the search for new drugs with better safety margins. To this effect, a small library bearing different substituents at position -1, -3, and -6 of the quinolone nucleus were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against HeLa cell lines and Trypanosoma brucei brucei for cytotoxicity and trypanocidal potentials, respectively. While most of these compounds showed no cytotoxic effect, they exhibited moderate to weak anti-trypanosomal activities. The SAR studies of this series provide new information worth considering in future exploration of the quinolone scaffold in search ofmore potent and safe trypanocidal agents.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

The financial impact on the Nelson Mandela University as a result of excluding international students from the university funding model

  • Authors: Bezuidenhout, Janine Ingrid
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Finance , Student aid -- South Africa Students, Foreign -- Rating of -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23613 , vital:30587
  • Description: The higher education sector in South Africa (SA) is currently facing financial constraints due to the admission of an increasing number of students from financially disadvantaged backgrounds. In 2015, students started protesting, demanding free higher education (OECD, 2017). In addition, the unstable political situation and declining economic conditions prevailing in the country also contributes to increased financial pressure on the higher education sector. Despite these conditions, it is important for higher education institutions (HEIs) in SA to respond decisively and efficiently without sacrificing their obligation to the neighbouring countries and their international duty as set forth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) protocol (Mello, 2013). The South African government subsidies are an important source of income for universities. The SA government subsidises the international students at the same rate as the South African students (Cilliers, 2017). According to Cilliers (2017), no funding policy is currently available, which excludes the international students from the block grant. The research for this study was guided by the question whether the exclusion of international students’ subsidies from the SA government university funding model could have an adverse financial impact on the Nelson Mandela University. This study was conducted by means of the collection and analysis of secondary quantitative data. The SA government subsidies for the international students enrolled at the Nelson Mandela University for the period 2009 to 2015 were calculated in order to answer the research question. It was concluded that if the international students were excluded from the SA government subsidies, the financial impact on the Nelson Mandela University could be approximately R64,5 million in the 2017 academic year. The outcome of this study is to enable the policymakers, government officials and university administrators to realise the financial impact on the universities if the international students were excluded from the SA government subsidies. Although this study focused on the Nelson Mandela University, the impact of the exclusion of the international students from the SA government university funding model would be significant and negative for the universities, international offices, international students and the plans to internationalise teaching, learning and research at the South African universities.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Using ambient noise tomography to image the Eastern Cape-Karoo and Karoo regions, South Africa

  • Authors: Bezuidenhout, Lucian John-Ross
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Geometric tomography -- South Africa , Geobiology Geology -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23602 , vital:30585
  • Description: The primary aim of this thesis was to explore the use of ambient seismic noise as a tool to map the subsurface of the Cape-Karoo and Karoo region of South Africa. The Karoo is an ideal laboratory to use ambient seismic signal to map the shallow subsurface, as it is a quiet and pristine environment with a relatively well known geology. Ambient seismic signals were continuously recorded at three independent networks (ArrayA, ArrayB and ArrayC). ArrayA and ArrayB comprised 17 temporary stand-alone seismic stations each and recorded ambient noise wavefields for a ten week period between August and October 2015. ArrayC comprised 19 temporary stand-alone seismic stations, recording ambient seismic noise for a period of six weeks between June and July 2016. ArrayA and ArrayB were installed in the south-eastern Cape-Karoo region, near the town of Jansenville and ArrayC was installed near the Cradock-Tarkastad region of South Africa. This thesis is made up of two separate studies. Firstly, the retrieval and coherency of Rayleigh surface waves extracted from the vertical component recordings. For the first time in the south-eastern Cape-Karoo and Karoo area, estimates of Green’s function from cross-correlating ambient noise data between stations pairs were reconstructed and shown, which can be successfully used to image the subsurface. The stacked cross-correlations between all station pairs show clear arrivals of the Rayleigh surface waves. The group velocities of the Rayleigh waves in the 2 to 7 seconds period range were picked and inverted to compute the 2-D group velocity maps. For ArrayA and ArrayB, the resulting 2-D group velocity maps at different periods resulted in a group velocity model from approximately 2 to 7 km depth, which generally show a high velocity anomaly in the north of the study area, most likely imaging the denser, thick sedimentary basin of the Karoo (Carboniferous-Permian). To the south, the low velocity anomaly likely corresponds to the overlying Jurassic- Cretaceous sequences of the younger Algoa Basin (Uitenhage Group). For ArrayC, the group velocity maps showed high velocity regions, which is consistent with the dolerite sill intrusions in the Karoo and the low velocity structures, which was interpreted as the Karoo sediments. Secondly, the study comprised of characterizing the ambient seismic noise source. The first order analysis of the symmetry of the cross-correlation function showed that, although the ambient noise sources are relatively homogeneously distributed in the study area, most (energetic) of the ambient seismic noise propagates from the coast of South Africa. This was verified by analyzing the azimuthal distribution of the ambient seismic noise.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

The Impact of Automobile Trade on Economic Growth: A Comparative Study of South Africa and Brazil

  • Authors: Bhasa, W
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Automobile industry and trade
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13292 , vital:39631
  • Description: Economic theory suggests that trade plays a critical role in the economic performance of a country. South Africa and Brazil’s automobile trade has been greatly influenced by government intervention through policy regimes with essentially similar objectives. Through the Automotive Production Development Programme in South Africa and the Plano Brasil Maior in Brazil, both countries have invested much effort in legislation, technology and capital to boost the automobile industry and overcome challenges of strengthening the automotive value chain, sustaining employment, raising productivity and increasing sales volumes both internally and on foreign markets. In light of such government interventions, this study investigates the contribution of the automobile trade on economic growth on South Africa and Brazil. The major concern is to determine whether the impact of the automobile trade is greater in South Africa and lesser in Brazil or vice-versa. This paper uses panel data analysis through the Least Squares Dummy Variable technique using quarterly data from 1995 to 2016. The regression results show that exports of automobiles, domestic investment in automobile trade, employment levels in the automobile industry together with the levels of general government expenditure positively affect GDP growth while imports of automobiles and inflation have a negative effect on general economic performance. Both countries should continue with automobile trade and governments should offer more production incentives and tax exemptions for component imports. Automobile industries are strategic industries which need government protection. Promotion of long-term partnerships and relationships within the automotive industry will play a critical role in boosting production with associated deepening of the components industry. The LSDV model results reveal that the individual country effects are statistically significant; this implies that the results for South Africa and Brazil differ. South Africa had a higher country coefficient which indicates that they benefitted more from the automobile trade than Braz
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  • Date Issued: 2018

The party-state in the land occupations of Zimbabwe: the case of Shamva district

  • Authors: Bhatasara, Sandra , Helliker, Kirk D
  • Date: 2018
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71353 , vital:29836 , https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616658316
  • Description: There has been significant debate about the land occupations which occurred from the year 2000 in Zimbabwe, with a key controversy concerning the role of the state and ruling party (or party-state) in the occupations. This controversy, deriving from two grand narratives about the occupations, remains unresolved. A burgeoning literature exists on the Zimbabwean state’s fast-track land reform programme, which arose in the context of the occupations, but this literature is concerned mainly with post-occupation developments on fast-track farms. This article seeks to contribute to resolving the controversy surrounding the party-state and the land occupations by examining the occupations in the Shamva District of Mashonaland Central Province. The fieldwork for our Shamva study focused exclusively on the land occupations (and not on the fast-track farms) and was undertaken in May 2015. We conclude from our Shamva study that involvement by the party-state did not take on an institutionalised form but was of a personalised character entailing interventions by specific party and state actors.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Implementation of programmes for maintaining care and safety of learners in secondary schools in the Graaff Reinet education district

  • Authors: Bilatyi, Nkosana Carlon
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Schools -- Security measures -- Eastern Cape School environment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9379 , vital:34339
  • Description: Care and safety of learners refers to the behavioral practices which protect children from danger, risks and injuries. It also includes environment that is free from violence since where there is no fear perceived, there is reverence for the school and its disciplinary measures (Hernandez & Seem, 2004; Marotz, Cross, Rush, 2005; Mathe, 2008; Chukwu, 2008). Schools should have positive environment which allows members of staff, learners and guests to freely interact without threats or fear. Learners and staff should feel psychologically, physically and emotionally safe and secure (Dwyer & Osher, 2000; Tabancali &Bektas, 2009; Butcher& Manning 2005). Consequently, care and safety of learners can also be viewed in a more practical and management oriented way. According to Hull (2010) care and safety of learners in a management oriented way includes, maintenance of school buildings and grounds, care of facilities, furniture and equipment with spacious corridors that allow free flow and emergency movement to prevent illness and death. Classes should accommodate the required educator-learner ratio. The playgrounds are reduced to limited space to ensure that learners are visible and are controllable. Moreover provision of care and safety of learners includes school culture and the appropriate training of educators as well as school staff who should respond to threats and hazards. It also includes addressing the range of crisis the school can face such as death and natural disasters (Phaneuf, 2009). Reeves, Nickerson, Conolly-Wilson, Suson, Lazzaro, Jimerson, and Pesce (2012) contend that the educators on duty should provide learners with safety precautions to guard against the possibility of single learner slipping away and suffering injuries (Dilion, 2007). According to Mogopodi, Banyaladzi & Petros (2015) facilities like laboratories should be suitable for all learners because they help to transform theoretical education into practice making learning effective. Astor, Guerra, Van Acker (2010) suggest that provision of care and safety for learners is among the most essential components for achieving effective teaching and learning. This will only be achieved by putting in place proper care and safety programmes and ensuring that they are effectively implemented (Netshitahame, & Vollenhoven, 2002, Astor et.al.2010).
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  • Date Issued: 2018
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