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Indigenous People’s Detection of Rapid Ecological Change

  • Authors: Lauer, Matthew , Aswani, Shankar
  • Date: 2014
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124811 , vital:35699 , https://doi.10.1111/cobi.12250
  • Description: When sudden catastrophic events occur, it becomes critical for coastal communities to detect and respond to environmental transformations because failure to do so may undermine overall ecosystem resilience and threaten people’s livelihoods. We therefore asked how capable of detecting rapid ecological change following massive environmental disruptions local, indigenous people are. We assessed the direction and periodicity of experimental learning of people in the Western Solomon Islands after a tsunami in 2007. We compared the results of marine science surveys with local ecological knowledge of the benthos across 3 affected villages and 3 periods before and after the tsunami. We sought to determine how people recognize biophysical changes in the environment before and after catastrophic events such as earthquakes and tsunamis and whether people have the ability to detect ecological changes over short time scales or need longer time scales to recognize changes. Indigenous people were able to detect changes in the benthos over time. Detection levels differed between marine science surveys and local ecological knowledge sources over time, but overall patterns of statistically significant detection of change were evident for various habitats. Our findings have implications for marine conservation, coastal management policies, and disaster-relief efforts because when people are able to detect ecological changes, this, in turn, affects how they exploit and manage their marine resources.
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  • Date Issued: 2014

Preliminary observations on the effects of hydrocortisone and sodium methohexital on development of Sarcophaga (Curranea) tibialis Macquart (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), and implications for estimating post mortem interval

  • Authors: Musvasva, E , Williams, K A , Muller, Wilhelmine J , Villet, Martin H
  • Date: 2001
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: vital:6920 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011898
  • Description: Larvae of Sarcophaga (Curranea) tibialis (S. tibialis) were reared at constant temperature on chicken liver treated with a steroid or a barbiturate at concentrations that would be lethal, half-lethal and twice-lethal doses for humans. Trends to greater mortality at higher drug concentrations were not statistically significant. Larvae exposed to either drug took significantly longer to reach pupation compared to those in the control, while larvae exposed to sodium methohexital passed through pupation significantly faster than those in the control. No systematic relationship was found between drug concentration and development time of larvae or pupae. The total developmental period from hatching to eclosion did not differ between treatments, implying that estimates of post mortem intervals- (PMI) based on the emergence of adult flies will not be affected by the involvement of these drugs in a case. On the other hand, anomalous pupation spans may indicate the presence of barbiturates. These findings are compared with patterns found in another fly fed other contaminants.
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  • Date Issued: 2001

‘Who? what?’: an uninducted view of towards a new psychology of women from post-Apartheid South Africa

  • Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
  • Date: 2008
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:6251 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007869 , http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0959353508092088
  • Description: From the text: Towards a New Psychology of Women (TPNW) promises a new psychology of “women”. On the cover of the second edition, the Toronto Globe and Mail is cited as acclaiming the book as “nothing short of revolutionary” as it “set out to recognize, re-define and understand the day-to-day experience of women”. But when we take a closer look at these “women” we discover that they are in fact “white”, (for the most part) middle-class women living in heterosexual relationships in a liberal democracy. This kind of exclusionary inclusion, in which the use of the generic term “woman” disguises the normative assumptions made about the race, class, sexual orientation and location of women, replicates the phallocentrism evidenced in the normalising masculinist terms “mankind” or “Man”. By now, of course, these kinds of critiques of “white” Western feminism by African American writers (e.g. Collins, 1999) postcolonial feminists (e.g. Mohanty, 1991), African feminists (e.g. Ogundipe-Leslie, 1994; Mangena, 2003), and queer theorists (e.g. Jackson, 1999) are well known.
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  • Date Issued: 2008

Local government and coloured residential segregation in Port Elizabeth, 1964-1976

  • Authors: Taylor, Beverley J
  • Date: 1994
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: vital:7108 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1994.9713566 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010736
  • Description: preprint , Studies of racial territorial segregation affecting the coloured population in Port Elizabeth tend to perceive it as an outcome of a power struggle between central and local government over the implementation of apartheid legislation. This paper explores the underlying economic forces on the local government to bring about residential segregation and address the coloured housing crisis in the city. It is proposed that whereas central government motives for segregation were primarily political, local government was influenced largely by economic considerations. Local government objectives were severely compromised through both local industrial interests and the implementation of central government Group Areas policies.
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  • Date Issued: 1994

Vice-Chancellor's welcoming address 2010

  • Authors: Badat, Saleem
  • Date: 2010
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: vital:7590 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006581
  • Description: From introduction: Rhodes University, which means, you and I and academics and support staff, exists to serve three purposes. The first is to produce knowledge, so that we can advance understanding of our natural and social worlds and enrich our accumulated scientific and cultural heritage. As a university our second purpose is to disseminate knowledge and to cultivate minds. Our goal is to ensure that you can think imaginatively, “effectively and critically”; that you “achieve depth in some field of knowledge”; that you can critique and construct alternatives, that you can communicate cogently, orally and in writing, and that you have a “critical appreciation of the ways in which we gain knowledge and understanding of the universe, of society, and of ourselves” Our final purpose as a university is to undertake community engagement. On the one hand this involves your voluntary participation in community projects undertaken thorough our Community Engagement office. On the other hand, it involves service-learning, in which through your academic courses you take part “in activities where both the community” and you benefit, “and where the goals are to provide a service to the community and, equally, to enhance (your) learning through rendering this service”
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  • Date Issued: 2010

NGOs and rural movements in contemporary South Africa

  • Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
  • Date: 2009
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71252 , vital:29823 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2013.806415
  • Description: This article provides a critical examination of relationships between non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and rural movements in post-apartheid South Africa, particularly with regard to the possible subordination of movements to NGOs. In discussing NGOs as a particular organisational form, and in reviewing some arguments pertaining to NGOs and rural movements globally, I explore whether NGOs in South Africa have a progressive role to play in agrarian transformation.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine–uridine single walled carbon nanotube – conjugates

  • Authors: Ogbodu, Racheal O , Amuhaya, Edith , Mashazi, Philani N , Nyokong, Tebello
  • Date: 2015
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:7274 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020289 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.040
  • Description: Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.040
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Application of the Minolta chromameter to the assessment of corticosteroid-induced skin blanching

Non-material costs of wildlife conservation to local people and their implications for conservation interventions:

  • Authors: Thondhlana, Gladman , Redpath, Stephen Mark , Vedeld, Pål Olav , van Eden, Lily , Pascual, Unai , Sherren, Kate , Murata, Chenai
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150174 , vital:38946 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108578
  • Description: In assessment of costs (and benefits) of wildlife conservation, conventional economic valuation frameworks may inadequately address various non-tangible values and neglect social, cultural and political contexts of resources and their use. Correspondingly, there seems to be much more focus on quantifying the economic, material benefits and costs of wildlife conservation than the non-material aspects that also affect human well-being. In addition, current research on the costs of wildlife conservation tends to be discipline-focused which constrains comparability, often causing conceptual ambiguity. This paper is an attempt to address this ambiguity. While there is growing acknowledgement of the material costs of wildlife conservation, we contend that employing a broader, composite social well-being approach may provide better conceptual insights on—and practical options for—managing various non-material impacts of wildlife conservation for local people.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

FAWU's position on food security & the job summit

  • Authors: Food and Allied Workers' Union
  • Date: 199-?
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , pamphlet
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/105736 , vital:32563
  • Description: The current economic dispensation has created a dilemma: economic liberalisation has meant that consumers have access to food at lower prices. However, employment has suffered as local producers have been unable to compete, and been pushed out of the market. We are left with trying to balance the concerns of consumers and producers - something that has not yet been addressed in any systematic way. In trying to achieve this balance, closer attention must be paid to the achievement of household food security. The achievement of household food security places several macro-economic and micro- economic processes under scrutiny. As currently implemented, GEAR has failed to achieve its own economic targets, thereby reinforcing poverty. The "Poverty and Inequality" report has identified food security as an important factor to eradicate poverty. What is now required is an implementation forum that deals with the recommendations of that report.
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  • Date Issued: 199-?

Metabolic activity throughout early development of dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus (Sciaenidae)

  • Authors: Edworthy, Carla , James, Nicola C , Erasmus, B , Kemp, J O G , Kaiser, Horst , Potts, Warren M
  • Date: 2018
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125159 , vital:35737 , https://doi.10.2989/1814232x.2018.1441907
  • Description: Metabolism quantifies the energy-consuming activities of an organism (Nelson 2016) and is used as an indication of how organisms partition energy resources to activities that allow them to survive, grow and reproduce (Post and Lee 1996). The metabolic profile, which is a composition of the various metabolic rates of an individual, therefore gives an indication of the efficiency of energy transformation and allocation (Fry 1971; Brown et al. 2004). McKenzie et al. (2016) suggested that an organism’s physiology contributes towards its ability to survive under specific environmental conditions. As a result, physiological condition can be a reflection of the performance and fitness of an organism (Pörtner 2010). When combined with information on changing environmental conditions, physiological information can provide insight into species- and community-level responses (Pörtner and Farrell 2008). These kinds of data have served numerous ecological applications, including resource management, conservation (McKenzie et al. 2016) and climate-change assessments (Pörtner and Farrell 2008).
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  • Date Issued: 2018

South African national reconciliation discourse and isiXhosa written poetry: 1994–2004

  • Authors: Mona, Godfrey Vulindela , Kaschula, Russell H
  • Date: 2018
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174690 , vital:42501 , DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2018.1429867
  • Description: The main thesis put forward in this article is that during the first ten years of democracy in South Africa, 1994–2004, isiXhosa poetry contributed thematically to the goal of reconciliation. Furthermore, this poetry demonstrates how an aspect of culture can be employed to advance the sociopolitical process of reconciliation. IsiXhosa writers, through their poetry, exposed the on-the-ground endeavours that contributed to the broader and deepening reconciliation process, thereby making a meaningful contribution towards the interpretation and building of a fair, democratic and inclusive South African society. The article analyses a number of poems against the backdrop of the post-1994 reconciliation process in South Africa.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Southern African Journal of Gerontology 1992-2000: Content pages

  • Authors: Ferreira, Monica (editor)
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Gerontology
  • Language: English
  • Type: Text
  • Identifier: vital:8064 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012657
  • Description: Southern African Journal of Gerontology 1992-2000: Content pages compiled by Monica Ferreira
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Design and positioning of controls : the old and the new industrial approaches

  • Authors: Dirkse van Schalkwyk, C J
  • Date: 2001
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:6750 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009330
  • Description: While copious amounts of research exist with regard to positioning of controls, very little research covers the design shape of the controls. This paper demonstrates the importance of control positioning and design within industrial settings. Furthermore it aims to highlight the changes in industries with regard to control design and positioning. This paper is a review paper and thus much is based on findings by other authors. However, the changes in the industrial practices referred to by the author are from knowledge gained while visiting numerous industries in South Africa.
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  • Date Issued: 2001

Environmental niche patterns of native and non-native fishes within an invaded African river system

  • Authors: Kadye, Wilbert T , Booth, Anthony J
  • Date: 2019
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124407 , vital:35605 , https://doi.10.1111/jfb.13988
  • Description: To test ecological niche theory, this study investigated the spatial patterns and the environmental niches of native and non-native fishes within the invaded Great Fish River system, South Africa. For the native fishes, there were contrasting environmental niche breadths that varied from being small to being large and overlapped for most species, except minnows that were restricted to headwater tributaries. In addition, there was high niche overlap in habitat association among fishes with similar distribution. It was therefore inferred that habitat filtering-driven spatial organization was important in explaining native species distribution patterns. In comparison, most non-native fishes were found to have broad environmental niches and these fishes showed high tolerance to environmental conditions, which generally supported the niche opportunity hypothesis. The proliferation of multiple non-native fishes in the mainstem section suggest that they form a functional assemblage that is probably facilitated by the anthropogenic modification of flow regimes through inter-basin water transfer. Based on the distribution patterns observed in the study, it was inferred that there was a likelihood of negative interactions between native and nonnative fishes. Such effects are likely to be exacerbated by altered flow regime that was likely to have negative implications for native ichthyofauna.
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  • Date Issued: 2019

Do indigenous street trees promote more biodiversity than alien ones? Evidence using mistletoes and birds in South Africa

  • Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
  • Date: 2016
  • Language: English
  • Type: article , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60942 , vital:27895 , doi:10.3390/f7070134
  • Description: Trees in urban landscapes provide a range of ecosystem services, including habitat, refugia, food, and corridors for other fauna and flora. However, there is some debate whether the richness and abundance of other biodiversity supported is influenced by the provenance of trees, i.e., native or non-native. This study assessed the presence of mistletoes and birds (and nests) in 1261 street trees. There were marked differences between native and non-native street trees, with the former having a significantly higher prevalence of birds (and nests) and supporting more species and in greater densities, whilst the latter supported a higher prevalence of mistletoes. Additionally, for birds, the proximity to green space, tree size and species were also important, whilst for mistletoes, the proximity to green space, slope aspect, and tree species were significant. Preference ratios indicated that some tree species had a higher than random occurrence of birds or mistletoes, whilst others had a low abundance. The indigenous tree species, Acacia karroo Hayne was the only reasonably abundant street tree species that was important for birds, nests, and mistletoes. At the street scale, there was a positive relationship between street tree species richness and bird species richness. These results emphasise the importance of selecting appropriate tree species if biodiversity conservation is a core outcome.
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  • Date Issued: 2016

On the correlation between annealing and variabilities in pulsed-luminescence from quartz

  • Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L
  • Date: 2006
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:6797 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003923
  • Description: Properties of luminescence lifetimes in quartz related to annealing between 500 and 900ºC have been investigated. The luminescence was pulse-stimulated at 470 nm from sets of granular quartz annealed at 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900ºC. The lifetimes decrease with annealing temperature from about 42 to 33 µѕ when the annealing temperature is increased from 500 to 900ºC. Luminescence lifetimes are most sensitive to duration of annealing at 600ºC, decreasing from 40.2 ± 0.7 µѕ by as much as 7 µѕ when the duration of annealing is changed from 10 to 60 min. However, at 800–900ºC lifetimes are essentially independent of annealing temperature at about 33 µѕ. Increasing the exciting beta dose causes an increase in the lifetimes of the stimulated luminescence in the sample annealed at 800ºC but not in those annealed at either 500 or 600ºC. The temperature-resolved distribution of luminescence lifetimes is affected by thermal quenching of luminescence. These features may be accounted for with reference to two principal luminescence centres involved in the luminescence emission process.
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  • Date Issued: 2006

Seasonal phenology of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and its parasitoids on canola, Brassica napus (L.), in Gauteng province, South Africa

  • Authors: Mosiane, S M , Kfir, R , Villet, Martin H
  • Date: 2003
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: vital:6856 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011139
  • Description: Canola, Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae), is a relativelynewcrop in SouthAfrica. Several insect pests, including diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), that attack cruciferous vegetables, also attack canola. The aims of this study were to determine the seasonal phenology of P. xylostella populations on canola, and the composition, relative abundance and seasonal phenology of parasitoids attacking P. xylostella on this crop. Diamondback moth adults were monitored with synthetic sex-pheromone traps. Larval and pupal populations of P. xylostella were monitored weekly for three years at Bapsfontein and Rietondale in Gauteng province. Samples of diamondback moth larvae, pupae and parasitoid cocoons were collected and transported to the laboratory. Parasitoids that emerged were identified and their incidence recorded. Berlese funnel catches were used as an indicator of the accuracy of the visual counts. The infestation level of P. xylostella larvae was high from May to August at Rietondale, while at Bapsfontein it was high from September to December. There was a high correlation (r=0.79, P<0.001) between pheromone trap catches and subsequent larval infestations at Bapsfontein. The pheromone traps indicated that diamondback moth adults were present throughout the year. Berlese funnel catches indicated that a large number of larvae, especially first instars, were overlooked during visual plant scouting. Parasitism rates were often very high, reaching 90–100 %. The following parasitoids were recorded from field-collected P. xylostella: the larval parasitoids Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Apanteles halfordi Ullyett (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), the larval/pupal parasitoids Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), the pupal parasitoid Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and the hyperparasitoids Mesochorus sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Pteromalus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Cotesia plutellae was the most abundant parasitoid throughout the study.
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  • Date Issued: 2003

Aspects of the biology and life history of largespot pompano, Trachinotus botla, in South Africa

  • Authors: Parker, Daniel , Booth, Anthony J
  • Date: 2015
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123798 , vital:35499 , https://doi.10.1071/MF14029
  • Description: Trachinotus botla is an important recreational surf zone-dependent fish species distributed in the Indo-west Pacific from South Africa to Australia. In South Africa it is restricted to the northern KwaZulu-Natal coast. Biological investigations revealed that it is a fast growing species that attains a maximum age of, 7 years. Males and females sexually matured in their third year. It has a protracted summer spawning season with evidence of serial spawning behaviour. T. botla is an opportunistic predator with a generalist diet, with fish feeding on a wide variety of prey items particularly those that are temporally ‘superabundant’. Small fish fed predominantly on copepods and terrestrial insects, whereas larger fish consumed bivalves and crabs. Teleosts, primarily engraulids, were important components to the diet of fish of all sizes. An ontogenetic dietary shift was observed just after sexual maturity (300-mm fork length) that is possibly linked to a change in habitat preference with larger fish foraging on deeper reefs.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

The Lüderitz alkaline province, South West Africa, III: the Pomona and Drachenberg Syenite Complexes

  • Authors: Marsh, Julian S
  • Date: 1976
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/132984 , vital:36915 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10120750_2853
  • Description: The Pomona ring complex consists of several intrusive masses of syenitic magma that define a differentiation trend towards silica oversaturation. Volume relations, sequence of intrusion, and broad chemical characteristics are consistent with the syenites being derived by feldspar fractionation from an immediate syenitic parent. A plug of nepheline syenite and tinguaite dykes indicate the availability of silica-undersaturated magma generally in the Luderitz Province.
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  • Date Issued: 1976
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