Farewell dinner for Bernard Dietrich and Frank van der Riet, 6 December 1977
- Authors: Henderson, Derek Scott
- Subjects: Van der Riet, Frank Geoffrey, 1913-1987. , Rhodes University -- Librarians , Dietrich, Bernard
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7360 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017089
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The evolution of the working conditions and associated legislation of apprentices and child labour in British factories and trades from the late 18th to the middle of the 19th centuries
- Authors: Heaton, James R.
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Labor -- Great Britain -- History -- 18th century , Labor -- Great Britain -- History -- 19th century , Working class -- Great Britain -- History -- 18th century , Working class -- Great Britain -- History -- 19th century , Child labor -- Great Britain , Labor laws and legislation -- Great Britain -- History , Factories -- Great Britain -- Employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:1089 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012242 , Labor -- Great Britain -- History -- 18th century , Labor -- Great Britain -- History -- 19th century , Working class -- Great Britain -- History -- 18th century , Working class -- Great Britain -- History -- 19th century , Child labor -- Great Britain , Labor laws and legislation -- Great Britain -- History , Factories -- Great Britain -- Employees
- Description: Both modern and contemporary commentators have over the past 140 years written many millions of words on the subject of the abuse of child labour in factories and trades in the first half of the nineteenth century. The subject was highly charged with emotion at that time. The detailed observations of intelligent and perceptive men contrast with the partial accounts of honest and not so honest early Victorians. Together they have blurred the definition between truth and the embellishment of it. This lack of clarity on the issue of child labour has left modern historians great scope for widely differing interpretations and the evidence for believing that conditions were as bad or as good as suited their particular point of view. It is regretted that there is insufficient material in South Africa to enter fully into the often bitter arguments of the, so called, 'optimists' and 'pessimists' in respect of the improvement or deterioration of the standard of living of the labouring classes in the first half of the nineteenth century. Child labour was not one of the inventions of the Industrial Revolution. The labour of children within the domestic economy had, certainly from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, been regarded as socially acceptable. The aim of this work is to trace the conditions of child labour in the early years of the Industrial Revolution as the spread of factories demanded more and more young hands and imposed an alien and sometimes inhuman discipline on the workers. As the numbers of children employed expanded not only in total but also as a proportion of the total labour force, the realisation that the labour of children was presenting a grave social problem gradually dawned upon the governments of the time. This work traces the development of legislation from the first faltering step forward of the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act of 1802 to the passing of the Factory Act of 1847 which provided for a ten hours' working day. This type of legislation was an experiment which developed in efficiency by trial and error. Detailed consideration is given to the arguments of the supporters and the opponents of restrictions being placed on the complete freedom of the manufacturers. This was a battle eventually to be won by the supporters of restriction on the freedom of the masters. Nearly twenty years have passed since detail ed consideration was given to the parallel development of the awareness that the labour of children was a problem and the steps taken to alleviate it. The aim in this work is to consider the most recent publications that deal with particular aspects of the problem. The intention is to penetrate the contradictory claims made in the first half of the nineteenth century, and to attempt to clarify as accurately as possible the realities of the conditions of child labour and to trace their improvement to the middle of the century.
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- Date Issued: 1977
The animal image in art
- Authors: Hall, Elizabeth
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Animals in art
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2496 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013329
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- Date Issued: 1977
The working method of the modern painter
- Authors: Grant, David
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Painting, Modern -- 20th century , Painting -- Technique
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2503 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014984
- Description: [From Introduction]. Prior to 1800 advances made in painting could often be accredited to the advances made in paint technology. Since the beginning of the last century however, paint technology has stabilised, moved into the background and allowed the artist to create with the medium rather than be dictated to by it. This stabilising of art technology has also generated a lack of interest in technique, leading in turn to a number of painting techniques being lost. In some ways we know less today of the oil medium and its correct use than was known to Jan and Hubert Van Eyck and their followers. However, if this lack of concern with technique has produced a large number of valid artistic statements which are unlikely to survive physically, it also means that the hoardes of painters who painted technically perfect paintings with no valid art statement have dwindled as well.
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- Date Issued: 1977
Examination of the theological education of Africans in the Presbyterian, Methodist, Congregational and Anglican churches in South Africa from 1860 to 1960
- Authors: Gqubule, T Simon N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Theological -- Study and teaching Theological seminaries -- South Africa Theology -- Study and teaching -- Protestant churches
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1254 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012082
- Description: This is in many ways a limited study. The first limitation is that only four denominations, the Anglican, Congregational, Methodist, Presbyterian, are considered and nothing is said about the work of the Moravians, Lutherans, Roman Catholics and the Dutch Reformed Churches in the field of theological education. The second limitation is that it is a study of theological education as distinct from general, industrial and other forms of education. All the forms of theological education considered here were run at missionary institutions that offered other forms of education and prepared their students for public government examinations with certain government conditions to be met. Moreover, a certain standard of general education was required before candidates were admitted to the theological course. Therefore, theological education was constantly dependent upon and was influenced by secular education and government regulations concerning secular education. For that reason the first chapter is a very brief survey of White Education in the Cape and African education in all four provinces from the beginning to 1915, the year before Fort Hare opened its doors to students seeking 'higher' education. The second chapter discusses the educational programme of Lovedale because Lovedale generally determined the whole of African education in the Cape. When Lovedale and the Methodists transferred their training to the South African Native College at Fort Hare, theological students had to abide by educational and other regulations of the university College. Chapters III and IV deal with the Methodist theological schools and the courses followed at Fort Hare. The third limitation of this study is that it is a study of the theological education of Africans, which category includes Coloureds and Indians because in the four churches under review they were trained together with Africans. In all churches under review here the theological education of whites was done in an unsatisfactory and ad hoc way. Many men were ordained without a satisfactory theological education. They were given some training by their superintendents, bishops or other men appointed to do the job in addition to their own normal duties. A few were sent overseas and many went through some arrangement within this country. St Paul's Theological College for Anglicans was opened in 1902. A start was made with the training of white Methodist Candidates for the ministry in the buildings of the Wesleyan High School for Girls in Grahamstown, in July 1928, under the Rev. James Pendlebury, B.A. (a supernumerary). Dr. William Flint who started the Methodist College as Principal, at Bollihope, Cape Town, in 1929, was seventy-five years of age when he opened the new Sbllege. From 1948 white theological students of the Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational Churches have been trained at Livingstone House, Rhodes University, Grahamstown. .The final limitation is that this study ends at the close of 1960 and thus omits some of the exciting developments in theological education that have taken place since then. These limitations and demarcations were, however, necessary in order to focus attention on a small area where the main problems could be seen clearly, unencumbered by lesser issues. Where the training was run on denominational lines, it seemed necessary wherever possible to give a chapter to each denomination, and to attempt to pull the threads together in a concluding chapter.
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- Date Issued: 1977
Chuzi mama
- Authors: George Sibanda , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Popular music--Zimbabwe) , Music--Country , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Johannesburg f-sa
- Language: Ndebele , English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/138672 , vital:37662 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC142-06
- Description: Tape recording of dance song in Ndebele and English from Zimbabwe accompanied by the guitar
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- Date Issued: 1977
The performance of a 22 GHz radio telescope
- Authors: Gaylard, Michael John
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Radio telescopes , Paraboloid
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5520 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011946 , Radio telescopes , Paraboloid
- Description: The performance of the Rhodes 22 GHz radio telescope and its improvement are discussed in this thesis. The reflector surfaces of the Cassegrain antenna were surveyed and the surface errors minimised, while the magnitude of thermal and gravitational defomations was calculated. The design and operation of the microwave front end has been improved, and the mixer performance characterised. The continuum and spectral line receivers and their sensitivity are described. The aperture efficiency, which has been raised from 0,47 to 0,57, was deduced from solar and lunar observations and atmospheric attenuation measurements. The antenna beam pattern was also obtained from the observations, with the aid of a computer program, and is compared to that predicted for the telescope.
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- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Authors: Gambo Khumalo (Speaker) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112607 , vital:33625 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC129a-04
- Description: Gambo Khumalo paying tribute to Hugh Tracey on behalf of workers, stating their good working relationship with their master as they called Hugh Tracey and also mentioning Hugh Tracey's close relationship with Tshabalala and Daniel Mabuto who travelled with him all over Africa
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- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service 2
- Authors: Gambo Khumalo (Speaker) , Andrew Tracey (Transalator and Speaker) , Paul Tracey and Andrew Tracey (Performer) , Henry Howell (Speaker) , Phyllida Wentzel (Speaker) , Irene Frongs (Speaker) , Jill Hyacinth (Speaker) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Autobiography , Ethnomusicology , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112199 , vital:33558 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC127b-01
- Description: Gambo Khumalo paying tribute to Hugh Tracey on behalf of workers, stating their good working relationship with their master as they called Hugh Tracey and also mentioning Hugh Tracey's close relationship with Tshabalala and Daniel Mabuto who travelled with him all over Africa , Andrew Tracey the son reiterating his father's and family close relationship with Daniel Mabuto and Tshabalala and made a significant note to the Tshabalala family and those gathered for memorial service that Tshabalala died exactly a year ago on 23 October 1976 before his father Hugh Tracey who passed away 22 October 1977 , Mention of Paul Tracey and Andrew Tracey having inherited their father's musical gift, launched Wait a Minim and Paul performed a song which Hugh Tracey loved best from Wait a Minim entitled "my love is like a red rose" by Robert Burns accompanied by a flute , Tribute about Hugh Tracey's well beloved books namely 'Gitangali' and 'Faith of an Artist' which were inseparable from Hugh, mention of Hugh Tracey's other closer friend namely Babu Chipika from Rhodesia who was his constant companinion in Rhodesian bush, Hugh Tracey's devotion to Babu Chipika that Hugh actually painted Babu Chipika's portrait in pastels while playing the Chipendani bow and reading of verse authored by Tagore which depicted Hugh Tracey's friendship with Babu Chipika , Playing of Kalimba by Andrew Tracey of his father's favourite tune, litte bar which never failed to amaze people , A Reading of Hugh Tracey's Christmas Card printed for him two months ago and the read verse was an extract from the book 'Faith of an artist' , Irene Frongs former Greek student friend singing an ancient lullaby with guitar accompaniment in tribute to Hugh Tracey of work almost forgotten in Greece, this emanating from Hugh Tracey who encouraged her to do the Greek background and its heritage for her thesis , Mention by Jill Hyacinth the survived wife that Hugh Tracey's ashes shall be scattered in the valley surroundings or in the garden and this followed by reading an extract which confirms how Hugh Tracey loved the valley
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- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Authors: Gambo Khumalo (Speaker) , Andrew Tracey (Translator) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113380 , vital:33765 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC131b-04
- Description: Gambo Khumalo paying tribute to Hugh Tracey on behalf of workers, described Hugh as a nice man like his parent, stating their good working relationship with their master as they called Hugh Tracey and also mentioning Hugh Tracey's close relationship with Tshabalala and Daniel Mabuto who travelled with him all over Africa
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
A study of the distribution of nutrients during the growth of cayenne pineapples under field conditions
- Authors: Fowler, William Mackenzie
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Plants -- Nutrition , Pineapple -- Crop yields , Growth (Plants) , Field Crops -- Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4260 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011888 , Plants -- Nutrition , Pineapple -- Crop yields , Growth (Plants) , Field Crops -- Nutrition
- Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the uptake and distribution of nutrients during the growth of the Cayenne cultivar of Ananas comosus (L) Merr under field conditions in the Eastern Cape. The study was also done to help explain the apparent drop in the nutrient levels in the basal section of the "D"- leaf of the pineapple plant during the winter months and to determine the best part or parts of the plant to sample in order to measure the nutrient status of the pineapple plant at any stage of its growth. The investigation was conducted by selecting a plot within a production land on two farms in the pineapple growing region of the Eastern Cape. Plants were sampled from each plot at regular intervals from planting of the pineapple tops until the harvesting of the fruit of the first plant crop. Plant growth was measured and the nutrient concentrations in each section of the plant were determined. The total amounts of nutrients for each plant part were calculated and the nutrient uptake was compared and plotted on distribution diagrams.
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- Date Issued: 1977
Instability in the magnetotail
- Authors: English, Daniel Rowe
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Magnetotails
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5425 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011764 , Magnetotails
- Description: The magnetic induction field due to the Earth only would, if undisturbed by any outside agency, resemble macroscopically the field due to a magnetic dipole. Hcwever the field is disturbed by the interplanetary magnetic field, of which the most important component is that of the Sun. If the Sun's magnetic field were effectively steady, it would also be a dipole field, and approximately constant in the region within about twenty earth radii from the earth. Also, if we treat the Sun as a dipole, its dipole axis is roughly normal to the ecliptic plane. The Earth, treated as a dipole, has an axis which is inclined to the normal to the ecliptic plane at an angle which varies daily from a few degrees to nearly a third of a right angle. However, in this paper, it is proposed to treat both dipole axes as contra-parallel and effectively normal to the ecliptic plane, so that a general idea of the combined field can be obtained. Then the effect of a steady field due to the Sun, on the Earth's field would be the formation of a "neutral ring" surrounding the Earth; that is, a closed "neutral line", this being a line of points at each of which the net nagnetic induction is zero. As the point of observation passes through this line, the field changes direction. Intro. p. v.
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- Date Issued: 1977
A cross-cultural study of interpersonal distance and orientation schemata
- Authors: Edwards, D J A
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Personal space -- Testing Orientation (Psychology) Cross-cultural studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3206 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011743
- Description: Expectations about interpersonal distance during social encounters (distance schemata) and body orientation (orientation schemata) were investigated among White English-speakers and Xhosa groups which included illiterate traditionalists (Reds), poorly educated urban dwellers, and highly literate students and nurses. In a series of six experiments a doll placement task was used in which subjects represented dyadic encounters by placing pairs of standing dolls. For each situation represented the responses of each group of subjects were summarised in the form of a profile which showed the mean of the distance and three angle measures (IPOS profile). Independent variables included culture of subject, type of situation represented (friendly encounter, quarrel, accusation and denial, request) and the sex, age or relationship of the persons represented. In the culminating experiment (Experiment 6), females from three Xhosa groups (Reds or XR, poorly educated urban or XU, and urban nurses or XN) made twenty-three placements. In some respects the schemata of the four groups were very similar, while in others both distance and orientation schemata were a function of cultural group. The experiments allowed an assessment of the validity of the doll placement method to be made, and results were discussed in terms of the effects on interpersonal distance and body orientation of cultural norms concerning the showing of respect and the nature and strength of the emotions present in the various types of situation. It was concluded that with cultural movement away from the traditionalist pattern the schemata of the urban Xhosa showed a transition towards those found among the Whites in some respects. However, while the schemata of the XN group showed features of both those of the XR and White groups, those of the XU group showed features found in neither which seemed to reflect the insecurity of the cultural milieu of the urban poor.
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- Date Issued: 1977
Aspects of imagery, syntax and metrics in the poetry of George Herbert
- Authors: Edgecombe, Rodney Stenning
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Herbert, George, 1593-1633 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2294 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011613 , Herbert, George, 1593-1633 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: I intend In this thesis to examine some central features of George Herbert's art - aspects of his imagery syntax and metrics. These topics have been chosen because they encompass large areas of his poetic practice, ramifying as they do into questions of theme, tone and structure. Even a partial. survey of Herbert' s imagery, such as the one I attempt to offer, should enable the reader to judge the range of experience that Herbert brings to bear upon a comparatively circumscribed number of themes, (The "Affliction " poems, for example, are wonderfully diverse, although they have a common thematic centre). A brief examination of the traditions within which Herbert's manipulation of imagery falls should allow one also to judge his resourcefulness, especially in the composites of emblem and symbol he devises on occasion; which in the concluding analyses I attempt to show the structural significance of image patterns in representative poems from The Temple. Thus Chapter I falls into three sections: a brief discussion of emblematic and symbolic traditions together with Herbert 's place in relation to them, a deliberately selective glance over some images (a full examination is far beyond the scope of this thesis), and finally some close analyses of poems in the course of which I try to show the imagery operating as a structural and coordinating device. In Chapter II, I move on to the closely related area of syntax, examining Herbert's formulation of his material, and finding - amongst other things - that there is evidence of "grammatical" imagery where the disposition of a sentence provides a concrete embodiment of the theme. This interrelationship of imagery and syntax (and of imagery and metrics) is a corollory of poetry's organic nature, and in order to stress the mutual collaboration of these features, I have subjected a single poem, "The Flower" to an analysis from three different angles, assuming that each approach will further illuminate the others. All the lyrics would yield riches if treated in this way but my limits of space have naturally precluded so elaborate an undertaking. Even In the analyses of poems that are treated only once, I have been at pains to allow in a glimmering of topics other than that in hand, so as to enlarge the scope of my examination. Although the material in Chapter II is designed to highlight the structural, tonal and thematic effects of syntax in turn, such divisions remain theoretical rather than actual, for they combine almost indivorcibly into a complex whole. Chapter III is patterned like Chapter I in that it moves from a general survey of Herbert's metrics, his rhyme and his stanzaic design, to further close analyses of his metrical procedures in particular lyrics. Both here and in the preceding chapters I have undertaken to look at Herbert's work in close detail, because, as I have already suggested, his is an art of compression, of telescoping a whole range of meanings into the neatest and most compact shape. Given the differences in mode and intention, his poetry often puts one in mind of Jane Austen's fiction - at least in the profundity it achieves within a consciously limited scale and a critical magnifying glass seems to me to be the most apposite aid for such a study as I have undertaken.
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- Date Issued: 1977
A taxonomic study of the Genus Lethrinops Regan (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi: part 1
- Authors: Eccles, David H , Lewis, Digby S C
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Lethrinops -- Malawi, Lake -- Classification , Haplochromis -- Malawi, Lake -- Classification
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14988 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018956 , ISBN 949980854 , Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 36
- Description: Haplochromis micrentodon Regan is transferred to the genus Lethrinops and redescribed. Two new species of Lethrinops which, like the above, are characterised by the possession of lower pharyngeal bones bearing close pavements of slender blunt-tipped teeth are described. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
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- Date Issued: 1977
Jewish South Africans: a sociological view of the Johannesburg community
- Authors: Dubb, Allie A
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Jews -- South Africa -- Johannesburg Johannesburg (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1697 , vital:20217 , ISBN 0868102253
- Description: The South African Jewish community is embedded in the wider one of white, mainly English-speaking South Africa in a way in which Eastern European Jews were not, and the individual may decide for himself the nature and extent of his Jewish involvement. In South Africa, then, 'being Jewish' varies within wide limits: it may be little more than an accident of birth minimally affecting a person's behaviour; it may -be expressed primarily in support of Jewish institutions and philanthropies; or it may have much the same connotations as it had in Eastern Europe. What being Jewish means in the South African context and, more specifically, in Johannesburg, is the problem to which the present study is addressed. Its aim is to distinguish the various elements of Jewishness, and to discover the manner in which they find expression among those who regard themselves as Jews. It is a study of identification: that is, of the behaviour, sentiments, beliefs, values and attitudes which derive from, and express identity with, the Jewish group, its culture, religion and peoplehood. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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- Date Issued: 1977
The nature of the community of the Dead Sea scrolls (with particular reference to the manual of discipline) and its relation to the church of the New Testament
- Authors: Draper, Jonathan A
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Dead Sea scrolls Dead Sea scrolls -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. Apocalyptic literature -- History and criticism Qumran community
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Bachelor , BDiv
- Identifier: vital:1249 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011424
- Description: The scope of our examination of the ideas and beliefs of the Qumran sect and the Church of the New Testament is limited to what contributes to our understanding of the nature of the respective communities. No attempt is made to present a full theological examination of the concepts which arise. The aim is not an exhaustive treatment, but rather to suggest areas where the beliefs of the communities throw light on each other. Our method is to begin by establishing the beliefs of the Qumran sect in each case, with particular reference to the Manual of Discipline, and then comparing this with the corresponding concept in the New Testament. This avoids the danger of reading back later Christian ideas into our treatment of the Scrolls. In our examination of the New Testament texts, we shall not assume that they constitute a unity nor that they can be taken at face value, but that they bear the marks of the interests of the early Church and of the conflicting tendencies and practices which marked its development. Consequently the tools of Form, Source and Redaction Criticism are utilized where they can contribute to our purpose. Chapter 1, p. vi.
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- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Authors: Dennis Etheredge (Speaker) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Autobiography , Tuning fork , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113245 , vital:33734 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC131b-02
- Description: Dennis Etheredge giving a brief background on Hugh Tracey autobiography which he had read entitled "A river left for me"; Hugh's awardment of the Carnegie research fellowship, his tuning fork also how ILAM came into being in 1953 and how Dennis Etheredge and Gavin Relly came into contact with Hugh Tracey
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- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Authors: Dennis Etheredge (Speaker) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Autobiography , Tuning forks , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112588 , vital:33613 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC129a-02
- Description: Dennis Etheredge giving a brief background on Hugh Tracey autobiography which he had read entitled "A river left for me"; Hugh's awardment of the Carnegie research fellowship, his tuning fork also how ILAM came into being in 1953 and how Dennis Etheredge and Gavin Relly came into contact with Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
The endocoprid dung beetles of southern Africa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
- Authors: Davis, Adrian L V (Adrian Louis Victor)
- Date: 1978
- Subjects: Dung beetles -- Ecology , Dung beetles -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5845 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011030 , Dung beetles -- Ecology , Dung beetles -- Africa, Southern
- Description: The biology and ecology of the endocoprid dung beetles of the Aethiopian zoogeographic region has been studied in the field and laboratory. Work has centred mainly on Oniticellus planatus and O. formoaus although infomation has also been supplied on O. egregius, O. pictus and Tragiscus dimidiatus. The taxonomy of Onticellus (s.str.) and Tragiscus has been discussed with the recommendation that O. planattus and O. pseudaplanatus be synonymised. It has been suggested that endocoprid distribution is chiefly controlled by temperature, rainfall and the density of suitable large dung masses. On the basis of distribution it has been suggested that the taxonomic status of the subspecies of O. pictus should be reviewed. Endocoprids (genus Oniticellus (s.str.) are found throughout the warmer regions of Africa and Asia. Tragiscus is found only in Africa. Methods are described for monitoring endocoprids in the field, for distinguishing freshly emerged from older specimens, and for breeding endocoprids under laboratory conditions. It has been shown that endocoprids breed within or just beneath large dung masses unlike most other members of the Scarabaeinae which actively bury dung and construct the their broods at depth in the soil. It has been shown that there is a restriction of breeding sites available to endocoprids due to the removal of dung by the Scarabaeinae beetles and the limited space available within dung pads. This has resulted in low endocoprid population numbers, a disadvantage, which has been countered by highly specialised but opportunistic breeding habits. The requirements of dung plasticity have limited the time available for breeding activity by most endocoprids (excluding O. egresius) so that both the reproductive system and the reproductive behaviour (cf. O. planatus) are geared to rapid egg and brood production. Large numbers of follicles are able to be produced over a short period. In the probable absence of feeding, this has possibly been allowed by the involvement of a well developed fat body. The broods are tended by the parent female during larval development and the follicles are gradually resorbed, probably to prevent starvation. Ovarian recovery is rapid once feeding recommences. Behavioural mechanisms have developed which boost the number of broods constructed and the rapidity with which they are produced. The duration of endocoprid colonisation and the timing of arrival at dung is shown to be related to the rate of pad desiccation which is chiefly controlled by temperature and degree of dung removal by other dung beetles. Precipitation may also play a part. Predation by vertebrates and other insects has been noted and a number of mechanisms are described which are probably protective. Two insect parasitoids of O. formosus larvae have been recorded. The potential use of endocoprids in the Australian dung and fly control project has been discussed and it is recommended that their introduction be considered of low priority. It is suggested that the endocoprids evolved from Euoniticellus type ancestors and that their behaviour complex nidification developed in response to harsh environmental factors, chiefly the danger of desiccation and competition for dung with other dung beetles. From a consideration of brood and brood chamber construction it is suggested that O. egresius is a relatively unspecialised endocoprid which may retain dry season aestivation and has not evolved much further than its probable Euoniticellus type ancestor. The broods are coated in clay and abandoned soon after construction. Greater specialisation is shown by O. planatus and O. formosus which exhibit brooding behaviour, increasing longevity, more specialised brood protection, increased potential fecundity and continuous activity throughout the year. O. formosus shows greater specialisation in brood production than O. planatus. Greatest specialisation is found in T. dimidiatus which exhibits a precise brooding period and low egg production. Brood construction is of a similar degree of specialisation to that of O. formosus. Activity is also continuous throughout the year. The comparative biology of the five southern African endocoprids is summarised in Table 35. Summary, p. 129-131.
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- Date Issued: 1978