Students as Agents of Social Change-Student Initiatives at Rhodes University, South Africa
- Authors: Togo, Muchaiteyi
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386561 , vital:68151 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122830"
- Description: Rhodes University has a diversity of sustainable development initiatives meant for students and in a range of cases activities are initiated by students themselves with the support of the university. Results of a sustainability assessment revealed the involvement of students in environmental societies, environmental awareness campaigns, campus sustainability initiatives and community sustainability projects. Though most of the projects are still in their infancy and some challenges are yet to be overcome, the sustainability initiatives are gaining momentum and have contributed to improving the overall picture of sustainability at the university. Based on the results of the Rhodes University case study, the underpinning viewpoint in this paper is that university students are not merely recipients of Education for Sustainable Development but have the capacity to become agents for social change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Togo, Muchaiteyi
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386561 , vital:68151 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122830"
- Description: Rhodes University has a diversity of sustainable development initiatives meant for students and in a range of cases activities are initiated by students themselves with the support of the university. Results of a sustainability assessment revealed the involvement of students in environmental societies, environmental awareness campaigns, campus sustainability initiatives and community sustainability projects. Though most of the projects are still in their infancy and some challenges are yet to be overcome, the sustainability initiatives are gaining momentum and have contributed to improving the overall picture of sustainability at the university. Based on the results of the Rhodes University case study, the underpinning viewpoint in this paper is that university students are not merely recipients of Education for Sustainable Development but have the capacity to become agents for social change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Synthesis, photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of microwave synthesized 4-tetra and octa-substituted lead phthalocyanines
- Modibane, Desmond K, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Modibane, Desmond K , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263452 , vital:53629 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2009.03.013"
- Description: This work presents the photophysical and nonlinear optical behaviour of newly synthesized complexes: 2,(3)-tetrakis(4-benzyloxyphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (5a) and 2,3-octakis(4-benzyloxyphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (6a). The nonlinear optical behaviour of complexes 5a and 6a are compared with those of 2,(3)-tetraphenoxyphthalocyaninato lead (5b), 2,(3)-tetrakis(4-t-butylphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (5c), 2,3-octaphenoxyphthalocyaninato lead (6b) and 2,3-octakis(4-t-butylphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (6c). The synthesis of 5a and 6a was performed using microwave irradiation. Photophysical properties were studied for these complexes in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform. The fluorescence spectra were different from excitation spectra due to demetallation upon excitation. High triplet quantum yields ranging from 0.80 to 0.86 (in DMSO, DMF and toluene) and low triplet lifetimes (20–50 μs in DMSO, and more than 10 μs in the rest of the solvents) were observed due to the presence of heavy atom. Nonlinear optical properties were studied in dimethylsulfoxide. The optical limiting threshold intensity (Ilim) for the PbPc derivatives were calculated and ranged from 2.1 to 6.6 W/cm2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Modibane, Desmond K , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263452 , vital:53629 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2009.03.013"
- Description: This work presents the photophysical and nonlinear optical behaviour of newly synthesized complexes: 2,(3)-tetrakis(4-benzyloxyphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (5a) and 2,3-octakis(4-benzyloxyphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (6a). The nonlinear optical behaviour of complexes 5a and 6a are compared with those of 2,(3)-tetraphenoxyphthalocyaninato lead (5b), 2,(3)-tetrakis(4-t-butylphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (5c), 2,3-octaphenoxyphthalocyaninato lead (6b) and 2,3-octakis(4-t-butylphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (6c). The synthesis of 5a and 6a was performed using microwave irradiation. Photophysical properties were studied for these complexes in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform. The fluorescence spectra were different from excitation spectra due to demetallation upon excitation. High triplet quantum yields ranging from 0.80 to 0.86 (in DMSO, DMF and toluene) and low triplet lifetimes (20–50 μs in DMSO, and more than 10 μs in the rest of the solvents) were observed due to the presence of heavy atom. Nonlinear optical properties were studied in dimethylsulfoxide. The optical limiting threshold intensity (Ilim) for the PbPc derivatives were calculated and ranged from 2.1 to 6.6 W/cm2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
On location: Narratives of the South African city of the late 1940s and 1950s in film and literature
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125397 , vital:35779 , https://doi.10.1080/02582470308671922
- Description: This article is about narratives, about the forms and meanings constructed by South African storytellers, especially writers and filmmakers. It examines the relationships between examples of these two different narrative forms of literature (fiction and non-fiction) and feature film. Following Turner, the point of departure is that the study of narrative has the potential to provide a framework within which such a two pronged approach can be undertaken. This is not to say that the production of meaning takes place within an exclusive literary or cinematic context. Rather, this approach will allow us to obtain a fuller picture of the narrative of the South African city than is possible by concentrating on one medium. It is based on the premise that narratives are ultimately produced by culture; thus these cultural constructions generate meanings, take on a significance, and assume forms that are articufations of the values, beliefs -the ideology - of the culture.' Literature and film offer specific forms for such narratives. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach which borrows insights from literary and film studies, this article attempts to make a contribution to the fledgling field of South African cultural studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
On location: Narratives of the South African city of the late 1940s and 1950s in film and literature
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125397 , vital:35779 , https://doi.10.1080/02582470308671922
- Description: This article is about narratives, about the forms and meanings constructed by South African storytellers, especially writers and filmmakers. It examines the relationships between examples of these two different narrative forms of literature (fiction and non-fiction) and feature film. Following Turner, the point of departure is that the study of narrative has the potential to provide a framework within which such a two pronged approach can be undertaken. This is not to say that the production of meaning takes place within an exclusive literary or cinematic context. Rather, this approach will allow us to obtain a fuller picture of the narrative of the South African city than is possible by concentrating on one medium. It is based on the premise that narratives are ultimately produced by culture; thus these cultural constructions generate meanings, take on a significance, and assume forms that are articufations of the values, beliefs -the ideology - of the culture.' Literature and film offer specific forms for such narratives. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach which borrows insights from literary and film studies, this article attempts to make a contribution to the fledgling field of South African cultural studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Effects of the number of ring substituents of cobalt carboxyphthalocyanines on the electrocatalytic detection of nitrite, cysteine and melatonin
- Matemadombo, Fungisai, Sehlotho, Nthapo, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Sehlotho, Nthapo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263408 , vital:53625 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S108842460900125X"
- Description: Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), cobalt tetracarboxy phthalocyanine (CoTCPc) and cobalt octacarboxy phthalocyanine (CoOCPc), adsorbed onto glassy carbon electrodes, have been used for the electrocatalytic detection of nitrite, L-cysteine and melatonin. The modified electrodes electrocatalytically detected nitrite around 800 mV vs.Ag|AgCl, a value less positive compared to that of an unmodified glassy carbon electrode (at 950 mV vs.Ag|AgCl) and also gave detection limits in the 10-7 M range for nitrite detection. L-cysteine was detected by the modified electrodes at potentials between 0.50 to 0.65 V vs.Ag|AgCl, with L-cysteine detection limits also in the 10-7 M range. The detection limits for melatonin ranged from 10-7 to 10-6 M. CoPc-modified electrodes displayed good separation of interferents (tryptophan and ascorbic acid) in the presence of melatonin. Analyses of commercial melatonin tablets using modified electrodes gave excellent agreement with manufacturer's value for all modified electrodes of this work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Sehlotho, Nthapo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263408 , vital:53625 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S108842460900125X"
- Description: Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), cobalt tetracarboxy phthalocyanine (CoTCPc) and cobalt octacarboxy phthalocyanine (CoOCPc), adsorbed onto glassy carbon electrodes, have been used for the electrocatalytic detection of nitrite, L-cysteine and melatonin. The modified electrodes electrocatalytically detected nitrite around 800 mV vs.Ag|AgCl, a value less positive compared to that of an unmodified glassy carbon electrode (at 950 mV vs.Ag|AgCl) and also gave detection limits in the 10-7 M range for nitrite detection. L-cysteine was detected by the modified electrodes at potentials between 0.50 to 0.65 V vs.Ag|AgCl, with L-cysteine detection limits also in the 10-7 M range. The detection limits for melatonin ranged from 10-7 to 10-6 M. CoPc-modified electrodes displayed good separation of interferents (tryptophan and ascorbic acid) in the presence of melatonin. Analyses of commercial melatonin tablets using modified electrodes gave excellent agreement with manufacturer's value for all modified electrodes of this work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Water-soluble phthalocyanines mediated photodynamic effect on mesothelioma cells
- Saydan, Nil, Durmus, Mahmut, Dizge, Meltem G, Yaman, Hanif, Gürek, Ayşe G, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello, Ahsen, Vefa
- Authors: Saydan, Nil , Durmus, Mahmut , Dizge, Meltem G , Yaman, Hanif , Gürek, Ayşe G , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello , Ahsen, Vefa
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263480 , vital:53631 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424609000863"
- Description: The new peripherally 2-mercaptopyridine tetrasubstituted zinc phthalocyanine (2) and its quaternized derivative (3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra. The quaternized compound (3) shows excellent solubility in water, which makes it a potential photosensitizer for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yield measurements were conducted on 2-mercaptopyridine appended zinc phthalocyanines in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) for both the non-ionic (2) and quaternized (3) derivatives, and in aqueous media for the water-soluble complex 3. General trends are described for fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds. In this study, the cells were incubated with a novel water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine derivative (3) and thereafter the cells were illuminated using broad-band incoherent light source of various energy levels. Cytotoxicity of PDT on two pleural malign mesothelioma cell lines was determined by colorimetric proliferation assay. In addition, after PDT treatment, determination of activity matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated using gelatine zymography.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Saydan, Nil , Durmus, Mahmut , Dizge, Meltem G , Yaman, Hanif , Gürek, Ayşe G , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello , Ahsen, Vefa
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263480 , vital:53631 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424609000863"
- Description: The new peripherally 2-mercaptopyridine tetrasubstituted zinc phthalocyanine (2) and its quaternized derivative (3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra. The quaternized compound (3) shows excellent solubility in water, which makes it a potential photosensitizer for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yield measurements were conducted on 2-mercaptopyridine appended zinc phthalocyanines in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) for both the non-ionic (2) and quaternized (3) derivatives, and in aqueous media for the water-soluble complex 3. General trends are described for fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds. In this study, the cells were incubated with a novel water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine derivative (3) and thereafter the cells were illuminated using broad-band incoherent light source of various energy levels. Cytotoxicity of PDT on two pleural malign mesothelioma cell lines was determined by colorimetric proliferation assay. In addition, after PDT treatment, determination of activity matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated using gelatine zymography.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Development and validation of a stability-indicating method for the quantitation of paclitaxel in pharmaceutical dosage forms
- Mohammadi, Ali, Esimaeili, Farnaz, Dinarvand, Rasoul, Atyabi, Fatemeh, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Esimaeili, Farnaz , Dinarvand, Rasoul , Atyabi, Fatemeh , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184278 , vital:44196 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/47.7.599"
- Description: A simple, rapid stability-indicating isocratic assay has been developed and validated for the determination of Paclitaxel (PTX) in commercial injection formulations. The assay is performed using a Nucleosil RP-18 (5 µm, 250 × 4.0 mm i.d) column protected by a Nucleosil C18 precolumn (5 µm, 4.0 × 4.0 mm i.d.) with a mobile phase of methanol–water (80:20) and UV detection at 230 nm. The method was found to be specific for PTX in the presence of degradation products with an overall analytical run time of ~ 9 min. Accuracy reported as % bias was found to be 0.1–2.5% bias for all samples tested. Intra-assay precision (repeatability) was found to be 0.22–2.65% RSD, while inter-day precision (intermediate precision) was found to be 1.0–3.0% RSD for the samples studied. The calibration curve was found to be linear with the equation y = 29.78x + 7.65, and a linear regression coefficient of 0.9994 over the concentration range 0.05–20 µg/mL. The limits of quantitation and detection were 0.05 and 0.02 µg/mL, respectively. Taxol (30 mg/5 mL), a commercially available dosage form of PTX, was assayed and 100.6–103.6% of the label claim was recovered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Esimaeili, Farnaz , Dinarvand, Rasoul , Atyabi, Fatemeh , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184278 , vital:44196 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/47.7.599"
- Description: A simple, rapid stability-indicating isocratic assay has been developed and validated for the determination of Paclitaxel (PTX) in commercial injection formulations. The assay is performed using a Nucleosil RP-18 (5 µm, 250 × 4.0 mm i.d) column protected by a Nucleosil C18 precolumn (5 µm, 4.0 × 4.0 mm i.d.) with a mobile phase of methanol–water (80:20) and UV detection at 230 nm. The method was found to be specific for PTX in the presence of degradation products with an overall analytical run time of ~ 9 min. Accuracy reported as % bias was found to be 0.1–2.5% bias for all samples tested. Intra-assay precision (repeatability) was found to be 0.22–2.65% RSD, while inter-day precision (intermediate precision) was found to be 1.0–3.0% RSD for the samples studied. The calibration curve was found to be linear with the equation y = 29.78x + 7.65, and a linear regression coefficient of 0.9994 over the concentration range 0.05–20 µg/mL. The limits of quantitation and detection were 0.05 and 0.02 µg/mL, respectively. Taxol (30 mg/5 mL), a commercially available dosage form of PTX, was assayed and 100.6–103.6% of the label claim was recovered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Mulch tower treatment system Part I: Overall performance in greywater treatment
- Zuma, Bongumusa M, Tandlich, Roman, Whittington-Jones, Kevin J, Burgess, Jo E
- Authors: Zuma, Bongumusa M , Tandlich, Roman , Whittington-Jones, Kevin J , Burgess, Jo E
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71537 , vital:29862 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.030
- Description: A mulch tower (MT) system for greywater treatment is introduced in this paper. Materials used to assemble the MT system included mulch, coarse sand, fine and coarse gravel. Limited removal efficiency of the MT system was demonstrated for alkalinity, total hardness, pH, Cl–, PO43–, NH4+, and SO42–, with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 7 to 12%. Intermediate removal efficiency was observed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), NO3–, and S2– with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 24 to 28%. The highest removal efficiency was observed for the total suspended solids (TSS) with the estimated cumulative removal equal to 52%. Given the minute residence time in the MT system, the results obtained were promising and justify scale-up studies for potential on-site applications. The MT effluent did not meet hygienic norms with respect to the faecal coliform concentration (FC) and the total coliform concentration (TC), and further effluent treatment is required before any discharge or reuse of the treated greywater. Further research should focus on characterisation of the microbial community of the MT, and the fate of Cl–, PO43–, NH4+, and SO42–.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Zuma, Bongumusa M , Tandlich, Roman , Whittington-Jones, Kevin J , Burgess, Jo E
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71537 , vital:29862 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.030
- Description: A mulch tower (MT) system for greywater treatment is introduced in this paper. Materials used to assemble the MT system included mulch, coarse sand, fine and coarse gravel. Limited removal efficiency of the MT system was demonstrated for alkalinity, total hardness, pH, Cl–, PO43–, NH4+, and SO42–, with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 7 to 12%. Intermediate removal efficiency was observed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), NO3–, and S2– with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 24 to 28%. The highest removal efficiency was observed for the total suspended solids (TSS) with the estimated cumulative removal equal to 52%. Given the minute residence time in the MT system, the results obtained were promising and justify scale-up studies for potential on-site applications. The MT effluent did not meet hygienic norms with respect to the faecal coliform concentration (FC) and the total coliform concentration (TC), and further effluent treatment is required before any discharge or reuse of the treated greywater. Further research should focus on characterisation of the microbial community of the MT, and the fate of Cl–, PO43–, NH4+, and SO42–.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2009
Characterization of polymeric film of a new manganese phthalocyanine complex octa-substituted with 2-diethylaminoethanethiol, and its use for the electrochemical detection of bentazon
- Akinbulu, Isaac A, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Akinbulu, Isaac A , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/262568 , vital:53534 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.07.074"
- Description: Manganese acetate octakis-(2-diethyaminoethanethiol) phthalocyanine (AcMnODEAETPc) was newly synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Solution electrochemistry of the complex showed three redox processes assigned to MnIIIPc−1/MnIIIPc−2, MnIIIPc−2/MnIIPc−2 and MnIIPc−2/MnIIPc−3 species. The new molecule was polymerized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form thin films of different thickness, giving poly-10-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE and poly-30-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, where 10, 20 and 30 represent the number of voltammetry scans during polymerization. Three distinct redox processes were observed on the modified electrode in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution, pH 5, which confirmed the formation of the polymer. The current signal due to the herbicide, bentazon, was dependent on film thickness; the best signal was obtained on poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE while poly-10-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE gave the least signal. However, the signals due to the herbicide were better on the different films compared to the bare electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique revealed that differences in film thickness offered different charge transfer resistances, Rct, hence difference in current signals for bentazon oxidation were observed on these films. A Tafel slope of 77 mV/decade, obtained for the herbicide on poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, denotes a fast one electron transfer followed by a slow chemical step in the electro-oxidation of bentazon. The voltammetry signals of the herbicide on the films indicated the likely involvement of ring-based redox processes in the detection of the herbicide. A plot of background corrected current response, on this film, versus the concentration of bentazon was linear within the range 50–750 μM with a detection limit of 2.48 × 10−7 M.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Akinbulu, Isaac A , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/262568 , vital:53534 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.07.074"
- Description: Manganese acetate octakis-(2-diethyaminoethanethiol) phthalocyanine (AcMnODEAETPc) was newly synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Solution electrochemistry of the complex showed three redox processes assigned to MnIIIPc−1/MnIIIPc−2, MnIIIPc−2/MnIIPc−2 and MnIIPc−2/MnIIPc−3 species. The new molecule was polymerized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form thin films of different thickness, giving poly-10-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE and poly-30-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, where 10, 20 and 30 represent the number of voltammetry scans during polymerization. Three distinct redox processes were observed on the modified electrode in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution, pH 5, which confirmed the formation of the polymer. The current signal due to the herbicide, bentazon, was dependent on film thickness; the best signal was obtained on poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE while poly-10-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE gave the least signal. However, the signals due to the herbicide were better on the different films compared to the bare electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique revealed that differences in film thickness offered different charge transfer resistances, Rct, hence difference in current signals for bentazon oxidation were observed on these films. A Tafel slope of 77 mV/decade, obtained for the herbicide on poly-20-AcMnODEAETPc-GCE, denotes a fast one electron transfer followed by a slow chemical step in the electro-oxidation of bentazon. The voltammetry signals of the herbicide on the films indicated the likely involvement of ring-based redox processes in the detection of the herbicide. A plot of background corrected current response, on this film, versus the concentration of bentazon was linear within the range 50–750 μM with a detection limit of 2.48 × 10−7 M.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Exploring Learner Participation in Waste-Management Activities in a Rural Botswana Primary School
- Authors: Silo, Nthalivi
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386509 , vital:68148 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122820"
- Description: In Botswana, participation in environmental learning activities has been perceived as a central component of environmental education in formal education. Driven by the need to implement the objective of making the participatory approach part of the infusion of environmental education in the school curriculum as prescribed by the infusion policy, Botswana schools have come up with initiatives to involve learners in environmental education activities that seem to have ‘a direct, perceived benefit to the learners’ (NEESAP, 2007:9). Within this approach it is expected that learners should participate in these activities. However, Ketlhoilwe (2007) revealed that there has been a normalisation of environmental education into existing school culture through equating waste-management activities with environmental education. This generally entails cleaning activities by learners to maintain ‘clean schools’, which is directly associated with environmental education. Drawing from detailed case study data in one rural primary school with Standard 6 learners, I used Cultural Historical Activity Theory to investigate and explain how learners participate in these waste-management activities. Findings from this study revealed that attempts by teachers to meet the policy imperative through prescription of rules, and ascribing roles to learners in waste-management activities, create tensions. This gave rise to an elusive object of learner participation, as the purpose for their participation in these activities is not clear.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Silo, Nthalivi
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386509 , vital:68148 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122820"
- Description: In Botswana, participation in environmental learning activities has been perceived as a central component of environmental education in formal education. Driven by the need to implement the objective of making the participatory approach part of the infusion of environmental education in the school curriculum as prescribed by the infusion policy, Botswana schools have come up with initiatives to involve learners in environmental education activities that seem to have ‘a direct, perceived benefit to the learners’ (NEESAP, 2007:9). Within this approach it is expected that learners should participate in these activities. However, Ketlhoilwe (2007) revealed that there has been a normalisation of environmental education into existing school culture through equating waste-management activities with environmental education. This generally entails cleaning activities by learners to maintain ‘clean schools’, which is directly associated with environmental education. Drawing from detailed case study data in one rural primary school with Standard 6 learners, I used Cultural Historical Activity Theory to investigate and explain how learners participate in these waste-management activities. Findings from this study revealed that attempts by teachers to meet the policy imperative through prescription of rules, and ascribing roles to learners in waste-management activities, create tensions. This gave rise to an elusive object of learner participation, as the purpose for their participation in these activities is not clear.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Cancer stem cells in breast cancer and metastasis:
- Lawson, Jessica C, Blatch, Gregory L, Edkins, Adrienne L
- Authors: Lawson, Jessica C , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165057 , vital:41205 , DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0524-9
- Description: The cancer stem cell theory poses that cancers develop from a subset of malignant cells that possess stem cell characteristics and has been proposed to account for the development of a variety of malignancies, including breast cancer. These cancer stem cells (CSC) possess characteristics of both stem cells and cancer cells, in that they have the properties of self-renewal, asymmetric cell division, resistance to apoptosis, independent growth, tumourigenicity and metastatic potential. A CSC origin for breast cancer can neatly explain both the heterogeneity of breast cancers and the relapse of the tumours after treatment. However, many reports on CSC in the breast are contradictory. There is variation with respect to how breast cancer stem cells should be identified, their characteristics and a possible lack of correlation between clinical outcome and breast cancer stem cell status of a tumour. These combined factors have made breast cancer stem cells a highly contentious issue. In this review, we highlight the progress in the analysis of cancer stem cells, with an emphasis on breast cancer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Lawson, Jessica C , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165057 , vital:41205 , DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0524-9
- Description: The cancer stem cell theory poses that cancers develop from a subset of malignant cells that possess stem cell characteristics and has been proposed to account for the development of a variety of malignancies, including breast cancer. These cancer stem cells (CSC) possess characteristics of both stem cells and cancer cells, in that they have the properties of self-renewal, asymmetric cell division, resistance to apoptosis, independent growth, tumourigenicity and metastatic potential. A CSC origin for breast cancer can neatly explain both the heterogeneity of breast cancers and the relapse of the tumours after treatment. However, many reports on CSC in the breast are contradictory. There is variation with respect to how breast cancer stem cells should be identified, their characteristics and a possible lack of correlation between clinical outcome and breast cancer stem cell status of a tumour. These combined factors have made breast cancer stem cells a highly contentious issue. In this review, we highlight the progress in the analysis of cancer stem cells, with an emphasis on breast cancer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Hard choices ahead
- Authors: Pithouse, Richard, 1970-
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:6204 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008573 , http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/334.1
- Description: preprint , From Introduction: In recent weeks people have been willing to risk arrest, violence and in some cases death at the hands of our habitually brutal police force to assert a whole range of demands. These demands have included an insistence on the right to the cities, the right to an income, the right to a decent education and the right to a living wage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Pithouse, Richard, 1970-
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:6204 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008573 , http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/334.1
- Description: preprint , From Introduction: In recent weeks people have been willing to risk arrest, violence and in some cases death at the hands of our habitually brutal police force to assert a whole range of demands. These demands have included an insistence on the right to the cities, the right to an income, the right to a decent education and the right to a living wage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The willingness to pay for dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus) restocking: using recreational linefishing licence fees to fund stock enhancement in South Africa
- Palmer, Ryan M, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Palmer, Ryan M , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71322 , vital:29833 , https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp075
- Description: The economic feasibility of stock enhancement of Argyrosomus japonicus in South Africa was investigated using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey. The pilot study provides a unique example of the use of the contingent valuation method as a valuation tool for a proposed stock enhancement programme. An increase in the cost of a recreational fishing permit is used as a potential vehicle of payment. The median value of the maximum that fishers were willing to pay for a recreational fishing permit was R155 (South African Rand) for frequent fishers and R100 for non-frequent fishers. Analysis showed that a fee of more than R100 excluded up to 50% of anglers from the fishery, but that a fee of R100 excluded only 28% of recreational anglers and would generate an additional R12 million annually from the sale of recreational fishing permits. The estimated costs of set-up and running of a stock enhancement programme are substantially lower than this, suggesting that stock enhancement may be an economically feasible management option that deserves more investigation. The WTP method itself produces robust results and is likely to be an effective tool in the management of the marine environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Palmer, Ryan M , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71322 , vital:29833 , https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp075
- Description: The economic feasibility of stock enhancement of Argyrosomus japonicus in South Africa was investigated using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey. The pilot study provides a unique example of the use of the contingent valuation method as a valuation tool for a proposed stock enhancement programme. An increase in the cost of a recreational fishing permit is used as a potential vehicle of payment. The median value of the maximum that fishers were willing to pay for a recreational fishing permit was R155 (South African Rand) for frequent fishers and R100 for non-frequent fishers. Analysis showed that a fee of more than R100 excluded up to 50% of anglers from the fishery, but that a fee of R100 excluded only 28% of recreational anglers and would generate an additional R12 million annually from the sale of recreational fishing permits. The estimated costs of set-up and running of a stock enhancement programme are substantially lower than this, suggesting that stock enhancement may be an economically feasible management option that deserves more investigation. The WTP method itself produces robust results and is likely to be an effective tool in the management of the marine environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Conservation, commercialisation and confusion: Harvesting of Ischyrolepis in a coastal forest, South Africa
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Parkin, Fiona, Chauke, Maphambe I, Downsborough, Linda, Olsen, Ashleigh, Brill, Greg, Weideman, Craig I
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Parkin, Fiona , Chauke, Maphambe I , Downsborough, Linda , Olsen, Ashleigh , Brill, Greg , Weideman, Craig I
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181169 , vital:43704 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-007-9106-3"
- Description: Harvesting of non-timber forest products is an integral component of rural livelihoods throughout the developing world. At times this is at odds with conservation objectives. Reconciliation of the two requires examination of local level contexts and needs. This paper reports on the harvesting needs for Ischyrolepis by a rural community in South Africa, against the setting that they had recently been prohibited from harvesting by the local conservation officials. Interviews were conducted with conservation officials to understand the reasoning for the prohibition. Local demand for Ischyrolepis was assessed by household surveys, as well as in-depth interviews with traders. The density and size class distribution of Ischyrolepis was determined using transects. The total annual demand for Ischyrolepis was determined to be approximately only 2.7% of the standing crop. The bulk of the annual demand was for small-scale trade, the income from which was a primary source of income for the few harvesters. Very little evidence could be found indicating that harvesting was damaging the resource or its habitat, and local knowledge suggested that the abundance of the species was stimulated by harvesting. Even if market demand were to increase, the size of the shoots required means that less than 20% of the standing crop could be harvested annually. Current regulations around harvesting are in a state of revision, and hence confusion prevails regarding if harvesting is permissible, and if so, under what conditions, which is detrimental to both conservation and livelihoods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Parkin, Fiona , Chauke, Maphambe I , Downsborough, Linda , Olsen, Ashleigh , Brill, Greg , Weideman, Craig I
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181169 , vital:43704 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-007-9106-3"
- Description: Harvesting of non-timber forest products is an integral component of rural livelihoods throughout the developing world. At times this is at odds with conservation objectives. Reconciliation of the two requires examination of local level contexts and needs. This paper reports on the harvesting needs for Ischyrolepis by a rural community in South Africa, against the setting that they had recently been prohibited from harvesting by the local conservation officials. Interviews were conducted with conservation officials to understand the reasoning for the prohibition. Local demand for Ischyrolepis was assessed by household surveys, as well as in-depth interviews with traders. The density and size class distribution of Ischyrolepis was determined using transects. The total annual demand for Ischyrolepis was determined to be approximately only 2.7% of the standing crop. The bulk of the annual demand was for small-scale trade, the income from which was a primary source of income for the few harvesters. Very little evidence could be found indicating that harvesting was damaging the resource or its habitat, and local knowledge suggested that the abundance of the species was stimulated by harvesting. Even if market demand were to increase, the size of the shoots required means that less than 20% of the standing crop could be harvested annually. Current regulations around harvesting are in a state of revision, and hence confusion prevails regarding if harvesting is permissible, and if so, under what conditions, which is detrimental to both conservation and livelihoods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
A new species of Diplacanthus from the Late Devonian (Famennian) of South Africa
- Authors: Gess, Robert W
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/73873 , vital:30237 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3969(01)88002-2
- Description: An advanced diplacanthid (Climatiiformes) is described from a Famennian estuarine environment of South Africa. It is characterized by having exceptionally long thin fin spines and a deep body form. Unusual details of the fins and fin spine insertions are preserved. This is the first record of a diplacanthid from the Southern Hemisphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Gess, Robert W
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/73873 , vital:30237 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3969(01)88002-2
- Description: An advanced diplacanthid (Climatiiformes) is described from a Famennian estuarine environment of South Africa. It is characterized by having exceptionally long thin fin spines and a deep body form. Unusual details of the fins and fin spine insertions are preserved. This is the first record of a diplacanthid from the Southern Hemisphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2009
Synthesis, photophysics and photochemistry of novel tetra (quinoxalinyl) phthalocyaninato zinc (II) complexes
- Erdoğmuş, Ali, Ogunsipe, Abimbola, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Erdoğmuş, Ali , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263441 , vital:53628 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.04.007"
- Description: The syntheses and spectral, photophysical and photochemical properties of some zinc phthalocyanine derivatives – {2, (3)-tetra(quinoxalinyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II), (β-ZnPc) and 1, (4)-tetra(quinoxalinyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II), (α-ZnPc)} – are presented. The β-substituted complex is more fluorescent and exhibits lower tendencies to undergo intersystem crossing than its α-substituted counterpart, as judged by the former's higher fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and lower triplet quantum yield (ΦT) than the latter's in three solvents (DMSO, DMF and toluene). Singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) values show the same trends as ΦT values. The differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of α-ZnPc and β-ZnPc are partly attributed to greater molecular distortions in the former. Studies of the interaction of the triplet states of α-ZnPc and β-ZnPc with triplet oxygen showed that α-ZnPc is more vulnerable to oxygen quenching than β-ZnPc. Also, the smallest quenching rate constants were observed in DMSO, which is attributed to the higher viscosity of DMSO than DMF and toluene.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Erdoğmuş, Ali , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263441 , vital:53628 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.04.007"
- Description: The syntheses and spectral, photophysical and photochemical properties of some zinc phthalocyanine derivatives – {2, (3)-tetra(quinoxalinyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II), (β-ZnPc) and 1, (4)-tetra(quinoxalinyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II), (α-ZnPc)} – are presented. The β-substituted complex is more fluorescent and exhibits lower tendencies to undergo intersystem crossing than its α-substituted counterpart, as judged by the former's higher fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and lower triplet quantum yield (ΦT) than the latter's in three solvents (DMSO, DMF and toluene). Singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) values show the same trends as ΦT values. The differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of α-ZnPc and β-ZnPc are partly attributed to greater molecular distortions in the former. Studies of the interaction of the triplet states of α-ZnPc and β-ZnPc with triplet oxygen showed that α-ZnPc is more vulnerable to oxygen quenching than β-ZnPc. Also, the smallest quenching rate constants were observed in DMSO, which is attributed to the higher viscosity of DMSO than DMF and toluene.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
An intercultural approach to implementing multilingualism at Rhodes University, South Africa
- Kaschula, Russell H, Maseko, Pamela, Dalvit, Lorenzo, Mapi, Thandeka, Nelani, Linda, Nosilela, Bulelwa, Sam, Msindisi S
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Maseko, Pamela , Dalvit, Lorenzo , Mapi, Thandeka , Nelani, Linda , Nosilela, Bulelwa , Sam, Msindisi S
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Multilingualism -- South Africa , Intercultural communication , Education, Higher -- South Africa , Language and culture -- South Africa , Language and education -- South Africa , Rhodes University
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59390 , vital:27579 , doi: 10.5842/39-0-74
- Description: The work of intercultural communication theorists such as Ting-Toomey (1999) and Gudykunst (2003) has informed curriculum design and teaching methodology of the courses developed for teaching isiXhosa for vocational purposes to second language (L2) learners. This seems to be an appropriate theoretical paradigm within multilingual South Africa, where intercultural communication is becoming a daily reality for a growing portion of the population. We make use of this theory to introduce and develop experiential understanding of multilingualism at Rhodes University in various departments and, more generally, on campus.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Maseko, Pamela , Dalvit, Lorenzo , Mapi, Thandeka , Nelani, Linda , Nosilela, Bulelwa , Sam, Msindisi S
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Multilingualism -- South Africa , Intercultural communication , Education, Higher -- South Africa , Language and culture -- South Africa , Language and education -- South Africa , Rhodes University
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59390 , vital:27579 , doi: 10.5842/39-0-74
- Description: The work of intercultural communication theorists such as Ting-Toomey (1999) and Gudykunst (2003) has informed curriculum design and teaching methodology of the courses developed for teaching isiXhosa for vocational purposes to second language (L2) learners. This seems to be an appropriate theoretical paradigm within multilingual South Africa, where intercultural communication is becoming a daily reality for a growing portion of the population. We make use of this theory to introduce and develop experiential understanding of multilingualism at Rhodes University in various departments and, more generally, on campus.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Glumlazi
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/229829 , vital:49715 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC47808"
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/229829 , vital:49715 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC47808"
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Opposing responses elicited by positively charged phthalocyanines in the presence of CdTe quantum dots
- Moeno, Sharon, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Moeno, Sharon , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/264506 , vital:53740 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.10.027"
- Description: Tetrapositively charged phthalocyanines and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) capped with thioglycolic acid (TGA) and mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were synthesized. The response of the tetrapositively charged zinc phthalocyanines in the presence of quantum dots was studied. Aggregation and charge transfer were observed for [tetramethyl-2,(3)-[tetra-(2-mercaptopyridinephthalocyaninato)]zinc(II)]4+ (TmTMPyZnPc), however aggregation proved to be the more prominent process of the two. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was observed with [tetramethyl-2,(3)-[tetra-(2- pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato)]zinc(II)]4+ (TmTPyZnPc). In the FRET study the efficiency of FRET with TmTPyZnPc was determined to be 21% for both MPA and TGA capped CdTe QDs. For the charge transfer study the fluorescence of the quantum dots was quenched by the TmTMPyZnPc used, and from these quenching studies the quenching constants, binding constants and number of binding sites on the quantum dots were determined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Moeno, Sharon , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/264506 , vital:53740 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.10.027"
- Description: Tetrapositively charged phthalocyanines and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) capped with thioglycolic acid (TGA) and mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were synthesized. The response of the tetrapositively charged zinc phthalocyanines in the presence of quantum dots was studied. Aggregation and charge transfer were observed for [tetramethyl-2,(3)-[tetra-(2-mercaptopyridinephthalocyaninato)]zinc(II)]4+ (TmTMPyZnPc), however aggregation proved to be the more prominent process of the two. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was observed with [tetramethyl-2,(3)-[tetra-(2- pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato)]zinc(II)]4+ (TmTPyZnPc). In the FRET study the efficiency of FRET with TmTPyZnPc was determined to be 21% for both MPA and TGA capped CdTe QDs. For the charge transfer study the fluorescence of the quantum dots was quenched by the TmTMPyZnPc used, and from these quenching studies the quenching constants, binding constants and number of binding sites on the quantum dots were determined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Putting the ‘T’ into South African human rights: transsexuality in the post-apartheid order
- Vincent, Louise, Camminga, Bianca
- Authors: Vincent, Louise , Camminga, Bianca
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141606 , vital:37989 , DOI: 10.1177/1363460709346108
- Description: Informed by narratives provided by self-identified South African transsexuals, whose lives span different periods of South Africa’s political and social history, this article seeks to explore how South Africa’s medical, legal and military establishments have exerted power over the transsexual body. A variety of studies outline the extent to which the apartheid state was a highly gendered state characterized by inflexible patriarchal norms and the dominance of violent and authoritarian forms of masculine expression. Hyper masculinization and militarization were explicit goals of the apartheid state. Deviance from the state’s prescribed gender norms was not simply socially unacceptable, it was, in many cases, punishable. South Africa’s post-1994 democratic Constitution, in contrast, explicitly outlaws discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. But the democratic legal framework, which provides significant protections for freedom of sexual expression and freedom from discrimination for homosexuals has arguably had less of an impact on the lives of South Africa’s transsexual community. The state, even the post-apartheid state, has been loathe to move beyond the idea of a necessary correlation between the physical make-up of the body and the gender identity of a person in the way in which it has treated the idea of transsexualism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Vincent, Louise , Camminga, Bianca
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141606 , vital:37989 , DOI: 10.1177/1363460709346108
- Description: Informed by narratives provided by self-identified South African transsexuals, whose lives span different periods of South Africa’s political and social history, this article seeks to explore how South Africa’s medical, legal and military establishments have exerted power over the transsexual body. A variety of studies outline the extent to which the apartheid state was a highly gendered state characterized by inflexible patriarchal norms and the dominance of violent and authoritarian forms of masculine expression. Hyper masculinization and militarization were explicit goals of the apartheid state. Deviance from the state’s prescribed gender norms was not simply socially unacceptable, it was, in many cases, punishable. South Africa’s post-1994 democratic Constitution, in contrast, explicitly outlaws discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. But the democratic legal framework, which provides significant protections for freedom of sexual expression and freedom from discrimination for homosexuals has arguably had less of an impact on the lives of South Africa’s transsexual community. The state, even the post-apartheid state, has been loathe to move beyond the idea of a necessary correlation between the physical make-up of the body and the gender identity of a person in the way in which it has treated the idea of transsexualism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Establishment of translocated populations of smallmouth yellowfish, Labeobarbus aeneus (Pisces: Cyprinidae), in lentic and lotic habitats in the Great Fish River system, South Africa
- Weyl, Olaf L F, Stadtlander, Timo, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Weyl, Olaf L F , Stadtlander, Timo , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124418 , vital:35607 , https://doi.org/10.3377/004.044.0109
- Description: As a result of numerous introductions and translocations of fishes, South Africa has recently been identified as a fish invasion hotspot (Leprieur et al. 2008). In freshwater ecosystems invasion by alien species is considered a leading mechanism driving environmental change (Clavero & Garcia- Berthou 2005; Garcia-Berthou et al. 2005). In South Africa, documented effects of fish invasions include the extirpation of indigenous fishes through predation (Cambray 2003), changes in invertebrate community structure (Lowe et al. 2008) and hybridization (Canonico et al. 2005). As a result, the management of alien species is a high national priority (National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 2004). Such management requires an understanding of the biology, ecology and establishment success of fishes outside their native range.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Weyl, Olaf L F , Stadtlander, Timo , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124418 , vital:35607 , https://doi.org/10.3377/004.044.0109
- Description: As a result of numerous introductions and translocations of fishes, South Africa has recently been identified as a fish invasion hotspot (Leprieur et al. 2008). In freshwater ecosystems invasion by alien species is considered a leading mechanism driving environmental change (Clavero & Garcia- Berthou 2005; Garcia-Berthou et al. 2005). In South Africa, documented effects of fish invasions include the extirpation of indigenous fishes through predation (Cambray 2003), changes in invertebrate community structure (Lowe et al. 2008) and hybridization (Canonico et al. 2005). As a result, the management of alien species is a high national priority (National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 2004). Such management requires an understanding of the biology, ecology and establishment success of fishes outside their native range.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009