White anti-racism in post-apartheid South Africa:
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142361 , vital:38073 , DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2012.683938
- Description: South Africans today live not only with the memory of the racial injustices of the past, but also with present injustices that are a consequence of that past. How should white South Africans live with these past and present injustices? On recognition of the racial injustices of the past and of the continuation of forms of white privilege today, involvement in ongoing anti-racist struggles seems to be an appropriate way for white South Africans to respond to past and present injustices. However, some discussions of the way in which white privilege operates and is perpetuated in post-segregationist societies suggest the need for caution with regard to white involvement in anti-racist struggles, arguing that some of the ways in which white people involve themselves in apparently anti-racist work actually result in the perpetuation rather than the erosion of white privilege. This article explores concerns about the intractability of white privilege while also ultimately defending the appropriateness of white involvement in anti-racist struggles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142361 , vital:38073 , DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2012.683938
- Description: South Africans today live not only with the memory of the racial injustices of the past, but also with present injustices that are a consequence of that past. How should white South Africans live with these past and present injustices? On recognition of the racial injustices of the past and of the continuation of forms of white privilege today, involvement in ongoing anti-racist struggles seems to be an appropriate way for white South Africans to respond to past and present injustices. However, some discussions of the way in which white privilege operates and is perpetuated in post-segregationist societies suggest the need for caution with regard to white involvement in anti-racist struggles, arguing that some of the ways in which white people involve themselves in apparently anti-racist work actually result in the perpetuation rather than the erosion of white privilege. This article explores concerns about the intractability of white privilege while also ultimately defending the appropriateness of white involvement in anti-racist struggles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Can contracts be both plain and precise?
- Siebörger, Ian, Adendorff, Ralph D
- Authors: Siebörger, Ian , Adendorff, Ralph D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123299 , vital:35425 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2011.651944
- Description: One argument against the use of plain language in legal documents is that it is impossible to convey legal meanings in plain language with the same precision as in specialist legal discourse (Hunt, 2003). We tested this claim by redrafting an extract from a lease agreement into plain English in three stages, producing three versions of the extract in progressively plainer English. We submitted these with the original lease agreement to a senior advocate to elicit his opinion on whether the plain-language versions of the extract are equivalent to the original in legal force. Various differences between the versions are analysed using lexical semantics and Systemic Functional Grammar (as described in Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004). This analysis reveals that the redrafted versions could easily be altered to eliminate the difference between them and the original extract, and that ‘plain language’ as conceived by redrafters of official documents may be easy for non-experts to read, but more difficult for experts. This demonstrates that a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to readability is often not tenable, and that plain-language activists can learn much from research (such as Street, 1993) which asserts the existence of a plurality of literacies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Siebörger, Ian , Adendorff, Ralph D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123299 , vital:35425 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2011.651944
- Description: One argument against the use of plain language in legal documents is that it is impossible to convey legal meanings in plain language with the same precision as in specialist legal discourse (Hunt, 2003). We tested this claim by redrafting an extract from a lease agreement into plain English in three stages, producing three versions of the extract in progressively plainer English. We submitted these with the original lease agreement to a senior advocate to elicit his opinion on whether the plain-language versions of the extract are equivalent to the original in legal force. Various differences between the versions are analysed using lexical semantics and Systemic Functional Grammar (as described in Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004). This analysis reveals that the redrafted versions could easily be altered to eliminate the difference between them and the original extract, and that ‘plain language’ as conceived by redrafters of official documents may be easy for non-experts to read, but more difficult for experts. This demonstrates that a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to readability is often not tenable, and that plain-language activists can learn much from research (such as Street, 1993) which asserts the existence of a plurality of literacies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Guy Butler’s South Africanism: ‘Being present where you are’
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7069 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007460 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10131752.2012.730182
- Description: preprint , A peer-reviewed lecture delivered at Rhodes University on the occasion of the presentation to Professor Wright of the English Academy's Gold Medal, 16 November 2011. Guy Butler (1918-2001) has been gone some ten years. This lecture sets out to illuminate the thinking behind his important role in South Africa's national life. The institutions he created continue to make vital cultural contributions in South Africa's efforts to make sense of its own complex historical make-up, working towards a happier, richer, and more equal future. However, despite what he achieved, there is little surety that today the rationale informing his massive effort to foster processes of artistic and cultural endeavour has been appreciated or accurately understood.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7069 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007460 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10131752.2012.730182
- Description: preprint , A peer-reviewed lecture delivered at Rhodes University on the occasion of the presentation to Professor Wright of the English Academy's Gold Medal, 16 November 2011. Guy Butler (1918-2001) has been gone some ten years. This lecture sets out to illuminate the thinking behind his important role in South Africa's national life. The institutions he created continue to make vital cultural contributions in South Africa's efforts to make sense of its own complex historical make-up, working towards a happier, richer, and more equal future. However, despite what he achieved, there is little surety that today the rationale informing his massive effort to foster processes of artistic and cultural endeavour has been appreciated or accurately understood.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
A comparative study on the sensitive detection of hydroxyl radical using thiol-capped CdTe and CdTe/ZnS quantum dots
- Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/242778 , vital:51077 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-012-1089-2"
- Description: Four types of water-soluble luminescent quantum dots (QDs) whose surface was functionlaized with thioglycolic acid (TGA), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), or glutathione (GSH), were investigated for the sensitive and selective detection of hydroxyl radical (●OH) in aqueous media. It was found that the type of capping agent and QD influenced the sensitivity of the probe. The order of sensitivity of the probe was: GSH-CdTe@ZnS > MPA-CdTe@ZnS > TGA-CdTe > MPA-CdTe QDs. Under the optimum conditions, a limit of detection as low as 8.5 × 10-8 M was obtained using GSH-CdTe@ZnS. The effects of foreign reactive oxygen species and the Fenton reactants and products as possible interferences on the proposed probe were negligible for CdTe@ZnS QDs. Besides, experimental results indicated that CdTe@ZnS QDs were more attractive for the selective recognition of ●OH than CdTe QDs. The mechanistic reaction pathway between the QDs and ●OH is proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/242778 , vital:51077 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-012-1089-2"
- Description: Four types of water-soluble luminescent quantum dots (QDs) whose surface was functionlaized with thioglycolic acid (TGA), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), or glutathione (GSH), were investigated for the sensitive and selective detection of hydroxyl radical (●OH) in aqueous media. It was found that the type of capping agent and QD influenced the sensitivity of the probe. The order of sensitivity of the probe was: GSH-CdTe@ZnS > MPA-CdTe@ZnS > TGA-CdTe > MPA-CdTe QDs. Under the optimum conditions, a limit of detection as low as 8.5 × 10-8 M was obtained using GSH-CdTe@ZnS. The effects of foreign reactive oxygen species and the Fenton reactants and products as possible interferences on the proposed probe were negligible for CdTe@ZnS QDs. Besides, experimental results indicated that CdTe@ZnS QDs were more attractive for the selective recognition of ●OH than CdTe QDs. The mechanistic reaction pathway between the QDs and ●OH is proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The direct use value of municipal commonage goods and services to urban households in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Davenport, Nicholas A, Shackleton, Charlie M, Gambiza, James
- Authors: Davenport, Nicholas A , Shackleton, Charlie M , Gambiza, James
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181071 , vital:43696 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.09.008"
- Description: To redress past racial discrepancies in ownership and tenure, the ANC government of South Africa initiated programmes to make land accessible to the previously disadvantaged. A key component of the national land reform programme was the provision of commonage lands to urban municipalities for use by the urban poor. However, there has been no assessment of the contribution that urban commonage makes to previously disadvantaged households. This study assessed the economic benefits of the commonage programme to local households, through an in-depth survey of 90 households across three small towns in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. We examined the marketed and non-marketed consumptive direct-use values of land-based livelihoods on commonage, calculated via the ‘own reported values’ approach. The results indicate that a proportion of South Africa's urban population rely to some degree on municipal commonage for part of their livelihoods. Commonage contributions to total livelihood incomes ranged between 14 and 20%. If the contributions from commonage were excluded, the incomes of over 10% of households in each study town would drop below the poverty line. Overall, the value of harvests from commonage was worth over R1 000 (US$ 142) per hectare per year and over R4.7 million (US$ 0.68 million) per commonage per year. However, the extent and nature of use and reliance was not uniform among households, so that we developed a typology of commonage users, with four types being identified. However, rapidly growing urban populations and high levels of poverty potentially threaten the sustainability of commonage resource use. Yet the national land reform programme focuses largely on the transfer of land to municipalities and not on sustainable management. Municipalities, in turn, invest relatively little in commonage management, and the little they do is focussed on livestock production. Non-timber forest products are not considered at all, even though this study shows that they are a vital resource for the urban poor, notably for energy and construction materials.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Davenport, Nicholas A , Shackleton, Charlie M , Gambiza, James
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181071 , vital:43696 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.09.008"
- Description: To redress past racial discrepancies in ownership and tenure, the ANC government of South Africa initiated programmes to make land accessible to the previously disadvantaged. A key component of the national land reform programme was the provision of commonage lands to urban municipalities for use by the urban poor. However, there has been no assessment of the contribution that urban commonage makes to previously disadvantaged households. This study assessed the economic benefits of the commonage programme to local households, through an in-depth survey of 90 households across three small towns in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. We examined the marketed and non-marketed consumptive direct-use values of land-based livelihoods on commonage, calculated via the ‘own reported values’ approach. The results indicate that a proportion of South Africa's urban population rely to some degree on municipal commonage for part of their livelihoods. Commonage contributions to total livelihood incomes ranged between 14 and 20%. If the contributions from commonage were excluded, the incomes of over 10% of households in each study town would drop below the poverty line. Overall, the value of harvests from commonage was worth over R1 000 (US$ 142) per hectare per year and over R4.7 million (US$ 0.68 million) per commonage per year. However, the extent and nature of use and reliance was not uniform among households, so that we developed a typology of commonage users, with four types being identified. However, rapidly growing urban populations and high levels of poverty potentially threaten the sustainability of commonage resource use. Yet the national land reform programme focuses largely on the transfer of land to municipalities and not on sustainable management. Municipalities, in turn, invest relatively little in commonage management, and the little they do is focussed on livestock production. Non-timber forest products are not considered at all, even though this study shows that they are a vital resource for the urban poor, notably for energy and construction materials.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Photophysical and photochemical studies of sulfur containing phthalocyanine derivatives in the presence of folic acid
- Nombona, Nolwazi, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Nombona, Nolwazi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243180 , vital:51124 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2012.03.051"
- Description: The syntheses of zinc and magnesium 9,16,23-tris-(5-trifluoromethyl-2-mercaptopyridine)-2-(carboxy)phthalocyaninato complexes are described for the first time. The photophysical and photochemical parameters of these molecules in the absence or presence of folic acid are compared to the corresponding oxygen bridged complexes and to 2,9,17,23-tetrakis-[(1,6-hexanedithiol)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II), [8,15,22-tris-(naptho)-2-(amidoethanethiol)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) and zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate. In the absence of folic acid, the complexes show relatively good triplet quantum yields (ranging from 0.52 to 0.88) in DMSO with reasonable triplet lifetime between 140 and 470 μs. The complexes showed high singlet oxygen quantum yield values ranging from 0.27 to 0.66 in the absence of folic acid. In the presence of folic acid, the triplet quantum yield values were between 0.37 and 0.75 and the lifetimes were significantly reduced (70–320 μs).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Nombona, Nolwazi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243180 , vital:51124 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2012.03.051"
- Description: The syntheses of zinc and magnesium 9,16,23-tris-(5-trifluoromethyl-2-mercaptopyridine)-2-(carboxy)phthalocyaninato complexes are described for the first time. The photophysical and photochemical parameters of these molecules in the absence or presence of folic acid are compared to the corresponding oxygen bridged complexes and to 2,9,17,23-tetrakis-[(1,6-hexanedithiol)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II), [8,15,22-tris-(naptho)-2-(amidoethanethiol)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) and zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate. In the absence of folic acid, the complexes show relatively good triplet quantum yields (ranging from 0.52 to 0.88) in DMSO with reasonable triplet lifetime between 140 and 470 μs. The complexes showed high singlet oxygen quantum yield values ranging from 0.27 to 0.66 in the absence of folic acid. In the presence of folic acid, the triplet quantum yield values were between 0.37 and 0.75 and the lifetimes were significantly reduced (70–320 μs).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Synthesis and physicochemical behaviour of aluminium trikis and tetrakis (diaquaplatinum) octacarboxyphthalocynine
- Malinga, Nduduzo, Dolotova, Olga, Bulgakov, Roman, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Malinga, Nduduzo , Dolotova, Olga , Bulgakov, Roman , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/242687 , vital:51068 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2012.05.011"
- Description: The combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy was investigated by the synthesis and characterisation of phthalocyanine conjugates with Pt complexes. The complexes synthesized are: hydroxoaluminum trikis(diaquaplatinum) octacarboxyphthalocyanine (OHAlOCPc(Pt)3) and hydroxoaluminum tetrakis(diaquaplatinum) octacarboxyphthalocyanine (OHAlOCPc(Pt)4). The platinated phthalocyanine complexes gave long triplet lifetimes of 577 and 526 μs for OHAlOCPc(Pt)3 and OHAlOCPc(Pt)4, respectively. The triplet quantum yields were found to be 0.45 for OHAlOCPc(Pt)3 and 0.57 OHAlOCPc(Pt)4 while the singlet oxygen quantum yields were found to be 0.38 and 0.48, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Malinga, Nduduzo , Dolotova, Olga , Bulgakov, Roman , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/242687 , vital:51068 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2012.05.011"
- Description: The combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy was investigated by the synthesis and characterisation of phthalocyanine conjugates with Pt complexes. The complexes synthesized are: hydroxoaluminum trikis(diaquaplatinum) octacarboxyphthalocyanine (OHAlOCPc(Pt)3) and hydroxoaluminum tetrakis(diaquaplatinum) octacarboxyphthalocyanine (OHAlOCPc(Pt)4). The platinated phthalocyanine complexes gave long triplet lifetimes of 577 and 526 μs for OHAlOCPc(Pt)3 and OHAlOCPc(Pt)4, respectively. The triplet quantum yields were found to be 0.45 for OHAlOCPc(Pt)3 and 0.57 OHAlOCPc(Pt)4 while the singlet oxygen quantum yields were found to be 0.38 and 0.48, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Exploring relationship between value-and life-orientation and job satisfaction:
- Louw, Lynette, Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Baxter, Jeremy
- Authors: Louw, Lynette , Mayer, Claude-Hélène , Baxter, Jeremy
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142782 , vital:38116 , DOI: 10.4102/ac.v12i1.131
- Description: The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between value- and life-orientation and job satisfaction, as well as determining the influence of gender, age and cultural group within the selected South African organisational context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Louw, Lynette , Mayer, Claude-Hélène , Baxter, Jeremy
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142782 , vital:38116 , DOI: 10.4102/ac.v12i1.131
- Description: The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between value- and life-orientation and job satisfaction, as well as determining the influence of gender, age and cultural group within the selected South African organisational context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Photophysics and photochemistry of octaglucosylated zinc phthalocyanine derivatives
- Iqbal, Zafar, Ogunsipe, Abimbola, Nyokong, Tebello, Lyubimtsev, Alexey, Hanack, Michael, Ziegler, Thomas
- Authors: Iqbal, Zafar , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello , Lyubimtsev, Alexey , Hanack, Michael , Ziegler, Thomas
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244416 , vital:51255 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424612500630"
- Description: The ground state electronic absorption spectra, photophysics and photochemistry of amphiphilic octaglucosylated zinc phthalocyanines containing oxygen or sulfur bridges are presented. Triplet quantum yield values for the two dyes (in DMF and DMSO) vary between 0.71 and 0.84, while singlet quantum yield values lie between 0.63 and 0.75. Fluorescence lifetimes were determined experimentally by time correlated single photon counting and semi-empirically by fluorescence quenching techniques; and values from both methods were within the same range. Kinetic data were obtained for the quenching of the triplet state of the phthalocyanines by ground state molecular oxygen; the bimolecular collisional quenching rate constant range between 2.35 × 108 and 1.13 × 109 M-1.s-1. These values suggest that triplet states of the dyes are effectively quenched by ground molecular oxygen.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Iqbal, Zafar , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello , Lyubimtsev, Alexey , Hanack, Michael , Ziegler, Thomas
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244416 , vital:51255 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424612500630"
- Description: The ground state electronic absorption spectra, photophysics and photochemistry of amphiphilic octaglucosylated zinc phthalocyanines containing oxygen or sulfur bridges are presented. Triplet quantum yield values for the two dyes (in DMF and DMSO) vary between 0.71 and 0.84, while singlet quantum yield values lie between 0.63 and 0.75. Fluorescence lifetimes were determined experimentally by time correlated single photon counting and semi-empirically by fluorescence quenching techniques; and values from both methods were within the same range. Kinetic data were obtained for the quenching of the triplet state of the phthalocyanines by ground state molecular oxygen; the bimolecular collisional quenching rate constant range between 2.35 × 108 and 1.13 × 109 M-1.s-1. These values suggest that triplet states of the dyes are effectively quenched by ground molecular oxygen.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Facile deposition of gold nanoparticle thin films on semi-permeable cellulose substrate
- Sosibo, Ndabenhle, Mdluli, Phumlani, Mashazi, Philani N, Tshikhudo, Robert, Skepu, Amanda, Vilakazi, Sibulelo, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sosibo, Ndabenhle , Mdluli, Phumlani , Mashazi, Philani N , Tshikhudo, Robert , Skepu, Amanda , Vilakazi, Sibulelo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/242638 , vital:51063 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.08.043"
- Description: This study reports the facile method for the deposition of gold nanoparticle thin film onto a monoporous semi-permeable cellulose membrane through the diffusion of borohydride ions leading to the reduction of AuCl4− ions. The synthesis of gold nanoparticle thin film was deposited on one side of the membrane that was exposed to AuCl4− ions while the other side containing a reducing agent remained clear. The gold nanoparticle thin film exhibited a broad surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 529 nm. Various characterization techniques were employed and all demonstrated the presence of gold thin film. The reported method represents a simplistic method for the deposition of gold nanoparticle thin films and various other metal nanoparticles may be deposited following this method.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Sosibo, Ndabenhle , Mdluli, Phumlani , Mashazi, Philani N , Tshikhudo, Robert , Skepu, Amanda , Vilakazi, Sibulelo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/242638 , vital:51063 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.08.043"
- Description: This study reports the facile method for the deposition of gold nanoparticle thin film onto a monoporous semi-permeable cellulose membrane through the diffusion of borohydride ions leading to the reduction of AuCl4− ions. The synthesis of gold nanoparticle thin film was deposited on one side of the membrane that was exposed to AuCl4− ions while the other side containing a reducing agent remained clear. The gold nanoparticle thin film exhibited a broad surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 529 nm. Various characterization techniques were employed and all demonstrated the presence of gold thin film. The reported method represents a simplistic method for the deposition of gold nanoparticle thin films and various other metal nanoparticles may be deposited following this method.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Electrospun polyacrylic acid polymer fibers functionalized with metallophthalocyanines for photosensitizing and gas sensing applications
- Zugle, Ruphino, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Zugle, Ruphino , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243543 , vital:51162 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2012.662006"
- Description: The photophysical and photochemical properties of tetraaminophthalocyanine complexes of lutetium and zinc covalently linked to polyacrylic acid were studied alongside those of unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine within the same polymeric fiber matrix. All three phthalocyanines within the solid fiber matrices showed photoactivity by the generation of singlet oxygen as was observed in solution. The fluorescence behaviors of the composite fibers equally parallel those in solution. For the unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine composite, the fiber showed fluorescence quenching on interaction with gaseous nitrogen dioxide similar to that in DMF and, thus could be a promising nanofabric material in developing optoelectronic devices that are responsive to the gas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Zugle, Ruphino , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243543 , vital:51162 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2012.662006"
- Description: The photophysical and photochemical properties of tetraaminophthalocyanine complexes of lutetium and zinc covalently linked to polyacrylic acid were studied alongside those of unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine within the same polymeric fiber matrix. All three phthalocyanines within the solid fiber matrices showed photoactivity by the generation of singlet oxygen as was observed in solution. The fluorescence behaviors of the composite fibers equally parallel those in solution. For the unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine composite, the fiber showed fluorescence quenching on interaction with gaseous nitrogen dioxide similar to that in DMF and, thus could be a promising nanofabric material in developing optoelectronic devices that are responsive to the gas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Lost in translation: Transformation in the first round of institutional audits
- Authors: McKenna, Sioux , Quinn, Lynn
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187384 , vital:44627 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC132752"
- Description: The South African higher education institutional audit process was introduced alongside similar endeavors internationally. However, despite many similarities, each country foregrounds different concerns within their higher education quality processes. In their seminal article, Harvey and Green suggest five possible notions of quality, one of which is quality as transformation, and in South Africa the message has been clearly stated: notions of quality are intricately related to transformation. Local research has however suggested that the notion of 'transformation' as quality takes on particular nuances within the country’s context. In the two institutional case studies presented here, the 'quality as transformation' discourse appears to have been largely lost in translation. In one university transformation was not called upon to construct notions of quality; quality was primarily constructed by a discourse of excellence. In the other institution, the transformation aspects of quality seem to have been interpreted in a particularly reductionist way as relating solely to racial demographics. In both cases, this article argues that the 'quality as transformation' discourse prevalent in the audit documentation in the South African context was lost somewhere between the intentions embodied in national documents and the processes embarked upon by institutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: McKenna, Sioux , Quinn, Lynn
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187384 , vital:44627 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC132752"
- Description: The South African higher education institutional audit process was introduced alongside similar endeavors internationally. However, despite many similarities, each country foregrounds different concerns within their higher education quality processes. In their seminal article, Harvey and Green suggest five possible notions of quality, one of which is quality as transformation, and in South Africa the message has been clearly stated: notions of quality are intricately related to transformation. Local research has however suggested that the notion of 'transformation' as quality takes on particular nuances within the country’s context. In the two institutional case studies presented here, the 'quality as transformation' discourse appears to have been largely lost in translation. In one university transformation was not called upon to construct notions of quality; quality was primarily constructed by a discourse of excellence. In the other institution, the transformation aspects of quality seem to have been interpreted in a particularly reductionist way as relating solely to racial demographics. In both cases, this article argues that the 'quality as transformation' discourse prevalent in the audit documentation in the South African context was lost somewhere between the intentions embodied in national documents and the processes embarked upon by institutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An invader within an altered landscape: one catfish, two rivers and an inter-basin water transfer scheme
- Kadye, Wilbert T, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Kadye, Wilbert T , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123776 , vital:35494 , https://doi.10.1002/rra.2599
- Description: African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus has become established as a non-native invasive species in Eastern Cape, South Africa, where it was translocated primarily through an inter-basin water transfer scheme into the Great Fish and Sundays rivers. This study examined the patterns in catfish distribution and abundance, and compared trophic niches in relation to the ichthyofauna of the two rivers. Correspondence analysis revealed upstream to downstream gradients associated with the spatial distribution in species richness for most species within the mainstream and mainstream to tributary gradients that were associated mostly with the spatial distribution of native minnows in both rivers. Catfish was predicted to occur widely within the mainstream habitats and to decrease progressively from mainstreams to tributaries. Based on classification and regression trees, the physico-chemical environment was found to be a good proxy for predicting the occurrence and abundance of catfish. Although non-significant relationships were observed between catfish and other native fish species abundances, the study suggests potential impact due to predation and interference in habitats where the invader co-occurs with other fishes. Comparisons of trophic niches indicated higher trophic diversity for the mainstream ichthyofauna than the tributary communities in both rivers, suggesting an upstream to downstream continuum in community structure and resource availability. Catfish within the invaded mainstream had comparable trophic niches and similar dispersion patterns among individuals for both rivers, but indicated differences in shapes of scatter. This suggests that the catfish exhibited a differential response, probably in relation to resource availability, that may be indicative of its dietary plasticity. The study suggests the proliferation of catfish and its probable impact within the mainstream flow-altered habitats where invasion resistance was possibly reduced. Comparisons of trophic niches provided information on its probable impact at different scales and the potential risk of invasion of tributaries inhabited by native minnow species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Kadye, Wilbert T , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123776 , vital:35494 , https://doi.10.1002/rra.2599
- Description: African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus has become established as a non-native invasive species in Eastern Cape, South Africa, where it was translocated primarily through an inter-basin water transfer scheme into the Great Fish and Sundays rivers. This study examined the patterns in catfish distribution and abundance, and compared trophic niches in relation to the ichthyofauna of the two rivers. Correspondence analysis revealed upstream to downstream gradients associated with the spatial distribution in species richness for most species within the mainstream and mainstream to tributary gradients that were associated mostly with the spatial distribution of native minnows in both rivers. Catfish was predicted to occur widely within the mainstream habitats and to decrease progressively from mainstreams to tributaries. Based on classification and regression trees, the physico-chemical environment was found to be a good proxy for predicting the occurrence and abundance of catfish. Although non-significant relationships were observed between catfish and other native fish species abundances, the study suggests potential impact due to predation and interference in habitats where the invader co-occurs with other fishes. Comparisons of trophic niches indicated higher trophic diversity for the mainstream ichthyofauna than the tributary communities in both rivers, suggesting an upstream to downstream continuum in community structure and resource availability. Catfish within the invaded mainstream had comparable trophic niches and similar dispersion patterns among individuals for both rivers, but indicated differences in shapes of scatter. This suggests that the catfish exhibited a differential response, probably in relation to resource availability, that may be indicative of its dietary plasticity. The study suggests the proliferation of catfish and its probable impact within the mainstream flow-altered habitats where invasion resistance was possibly reduced. Comparisons of trophic niches provided information on its probable impact at different scales and the potential risk of invasion of tributaries inhabited by native minnow species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
A production function for cricket: the South African perspective
- Brock, Kelsey, Fraser, Gavin, Botha, Ferdi
- Authors: Brock, Kelsey , Fraser, Gavin , Botha, Ferdi
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/396007 , vital:69143 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC124240"
- Description: Production functions are common to any productive activity. Although it may not appear obvious, cricket is no different. Production functions in cricket provide a wide range of information, utilised to enhance efficiency and maximize match success. Given these benefits, this study involved the derivation of a production function for the South African SuperSport Series and an analysis of technical efficiency. An econometric analysis was conducted on data from the 2004-2011 cricket seasons and it was concluded that the most optimal strategy for South African teams involved a combination of attacking batting and defensive bowling. Furthermore, South African teams had a relatively low variable substitutability and a high degree of technical efficiency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Brock, Kelsey , Fraser, Gavin , Botha, Ferdi
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/396007 , vital:69143 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC124240"
- Description: Production functions are common to any productive activity. Although it may not appear obvious, cricket is no different. Production functions in cricket provide a wide range of information, utilised to enhance efficiency and maximize match success. Given these benefits, this study involved the derivation of a production function for the South African SuperSport Series and an analysis of technical efficiency. An econometric analysis was conducted on data from the 2004-2011 cricket seasons and it was concluded that the most optimal strategy for South African teams involved a combination of attacking batting and defensive bowling. Furthermore, South African teams had a relatively low variable substitutability and a high degree of technical efficiency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The saga of South African POWs in Angola, 1975-82
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69882 , vital:29592 , http://dx.doi.org/10.5787/40-2-999
- Description: This article narrates the story of nine soldiers captured during and shortly after Operation Savannah, the codename for the South African Defence Force invasion of Angola in 1975–6. Eight of these soldiers were captured in Angola in three separate incidents by Angolan and/or Cuban forces, whereas the last was abducted from northern Namibia by SWAPO (the South West Africa Peoples’ Organisation). The article then provides a chronological account of the sequels to this story that interweaves a number of threads: first, the account relates the South African government’s attempts to suppress press coverage of these stories for fear of the political ‘fall-out’ that the matter might cause amongst the white electorate and in case it jeopardised secret negotiations to secure the release of the prisoners; and second, it uncovers the role played by intermediaries, especially the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), in the sensitive and fraught negotiation process. It will be shown that the South African authorities adopted divergent approaches when dealing with SWAPO and the Angolans/Cubans to secure the release of prisoners of war (POWs). This is because the South African authorities regarded the former as involved in an internal insurrection whereas the latter were members of the military forces of sovereign states. Accordingly, they paid lip service to the Geneva Conventions in the case of Angolan and Cuban POWs but treated captured SWAPO cadres as ‘terrorists’ or ‘criminals’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69882 , vital:29592 , http://dx.doi.org/10.5787/40-2-999
- Description: This article narrates the story of nine soldiers captured during and shortly after Operation Savannah, the codename for the South African Defence Force invasion of Angola in 1975–6. Eight of these soldiers were captured in Angola in three separate incidents by Angolan and/or Cuban forces, whereas the last was abducted from northern Namibia by SWAPO (the South West Africa Peoples’ Organisation). The article then provides a chronological account of the sequels to this story that interweaves a number of threads: first, the account relates the South African government’s attempts to suppress press coverage of these stories for fear of the political ‘fall-out’ that the matter might cause amongst the white electorate and in case it jeopardised secret negotiations to secure the release of the prisoners; and second, it uncovers the role played by intermediaries, especially the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), in the sensitive and fraught negotiation process. It will be shown that the South African authorities adopted divergent approaches when dealing with SWAPO and the Angolans/Cubans to secure the release of prisoners of war (POWs). This is because the South African authorities regarded the former as involved in an internal insurrection whereas the latter were members of the military forces of sovereign states. Accordingly, they paid lip service to the Geneva Conventions in the case of Angolan and Cuban POWs but treated captured SWAPO cadres as ‘terrorists’ or ‘criminals’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Trends in the optical and redox properties of tetraphenyltetraphenanthroporphyrins
- Mack, John, Lobb, Kevin, Nyokong, Tebello, Shen, Zhen, Kobayashi, Nagao
- Authors: Mack, John , Lobb, Kevin , Nyokong, Tebello , Shen, Zhen , Kobayashi, Nagao
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/245809 , vital:51407 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424612500885"
- Description: The results of TD-DFT calculations for a series of tetraaryltetraphenanthroporphyrins containing para-substituents with differing electron donating and accepting properties are compared to the observed optical and redox properties and Michl's perimeter model is used as a conceptual framework for analyzing the results.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mack, John , Lobb, Kevin , Nyokong, Tebello , Shen, Zhen , Kobayashi, Nagao
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/245809 , vital:51407 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424612500885"
- Description: The results of TD-DFT calculations for a series of tetraaryltetraphenanthroporphyrins containing para-substituents with differing electron donating and accepting properties are compared to the observed optical and redox properties and Michl's perimeter model is used as a conceptual framework for analyzing the results.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
A study on the morphology of thin copper films on para-aramid yarns and their influence on the yarn’s electro-conductive and mechanical properties
- Schwarz, Anne, Hakuzimana, Jean, Westbroek, Philippe, Mey, Gilbert De, Priniotakis, Georgios, Nyokong, Tebello, Langenhove, Lieva Van
- Authors: Schwarz, Anne , Hakuzimana, Jean , Westbroek, Philippe , Mey, Gilbert De , Priniotakis, Georgios , Nyokong, Tebello , Langenhove, Lieva Van
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243487 , vital:51157 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517511431291"
- Description: The latest technological advances in new materials and devices enabled wearable systems to be created by utilizing textile solutions. These solutions require electro-conductive yarns as a basic component. Although the production of electroconductive yarn is widely reported, research is still necessary to characterize them to advance their electro-conductive and mechanical properties. Hence, we served this need and characterized copper-coated para-aramid yarns produced by an in-house developed electroless deposition method. In this paper we present our investigation on the yarn’s copper layer characteristics after deposition. Furthermore, we looked, in depth, at the yarn’s electro-conductive properties before and after washing as well as their mechanical properties before and after copper deposition. We found a dependency of the copper layer morphology on its deposition time. This is directly correlated to the resulting layer thickness and hence to the yarn’s electro-conductive properties, demonstrating the autocatalytic nature of the coating process. Above that, the electro-conductive properties of the coated yarn linearly decrease with washing cycles. Furthermore, the copper coating impairs the yarn’s mechanical properties decreasing its specific stress at break by 30%.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Schwarz, Anne , Hakuzimana, Jean , Westbroek, Philippe , Mey, Gilbert De , Priniotakis, Georgios , Nyokong, Tebello , Langenhove, Lieva Van
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243487 , vital:51157 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517511431291"
- Description: The latest technological advances in new materials and devices enabled wearable systems to be created by utilizing textile solutions. These solutions require electro-conductive yarns as a basic component. Although the production of electroconductive yarn is widely reported, research is still necessary to characterize them to advance their electro-conductive and mechanical properties. Hence, we served this need and characterized copper-coated para-aramid yarns produced by an in-house developed electroless deposition method. In this paper we present our investigation on the yarn’s copper layer characteristics after deposition. Furthermore, we looked, in depth, at the yarn’s electro-conductive properties before and after washing as well as their mechanical properties before and after copper deposition. We found a dependency of the copper layer morphology on its deposition time. This is directly correlated to the resulting layer thickness and hence to the yarn’s electro-conductive properties, demonstrating the autocatalytic nature of the coating process. Above that, the electro-conductive properties of the coated yarn linearly decrease with washing cycles. Furthermore, the copper coating impairs the yarn’s mechanical properties decreasing its specific stress at break by 30%.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Reverse saturation absorption spectra and optical limiting properties of chlorinated tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines containing different metals
- Tuhl, Ahmad, Manaa, Hacene, Makhseed, Saad, Al-Awadi, Nouria, Matthew, Jacob, Ibrahim, Hamada Mohamed, Nyokong, Tebello, Behbehani, Haider
- Authors: Tuhl, Ahmad , Manaa, Hacene , Makhseed, Saad , Al-Awadi, Nouria , Matthew, Jacob , Ibrahim, Hamada Mohamed , Nyokong, Tebello , Behbehani, Haider
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243498 , vital:51158 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2012.05.018"
- Description: A highly non-aggregated series of peripherally tetra(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy) substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs) containing different metals (Al, Ga, In and Zn) were prepared and their nonlinear optical properties (NLO), including the optical limiting behavior were investigated. This study explores the effect of the implanted metals along with the peripheral chlorine atoms on the NLO of the prepared complexes, thereby improving their optical limiting performance. The best wavelength at which the Pc complex exhibits the strongest nonlinear effect was determined over the low absorption window region (420–590 nm) comprised between the Q and B bands using a nanosecond pulsed laser with the aid of a Z-scan technique. The excited state absorption cross sections (σeff) have been found to be wavelength dependent with common double peaks at 505 nm and around 485 nm and the highest value was calculated for Pc1–In (1.1 × 10−16 cm2). The figure of merit spectra show different spectral structure when compared to the excited state absorption spectra and the largest figure of merit value was found to be around 107 for Pc1–In derivative. In full agreement with reverse saturation results, the optical limiting measurements, carried out at 485 nm and 532 nm for each derivative, show very low optical limiting thresholds at the former wavelength. In the continuous wave excitation regime, the Z-scan measurements, which were carried out at 632.8 and 532 nm, showed strong refractive and absorptive nonlinear effects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Tuhl, Ahmad , Manaa, Hacene , Makhseed, Saad , Al-Awadi, Nouria , Matthew, Jacob , Ibrahim, Hamada Mohamed , Nyokong, Tebello , Behbehani, Haider
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243498 , vital:51158 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2012.05.018"
- Description: A highly non-aggregated series of peripherally tetra(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy) substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs) containing different metals (Al, Ga, In and Zn) were prepared and their nonlinear optical properties (NLO), including the optical limiting behavior were investigated. This study explores the effect of the implanted metals along with the peripheral chlorine atoms on the NLO of the prepared complexes, thereby improving their optical limiting performance. The best wavelength at which the Pc complex exhibits the strongest nonlinear effect was determined over the low absorption window region (420–590 nm) comprised between the Q and B bands using a nanosecond pulsed laser with the aid of a Z-scan technique. The excited state absorption cross sections (σeff) have been found to be wavelength dependent with common double peaks at 505 nm and around 485 nm and the highest value was calculated for Pc1–In (1.1 × 10−16 cm2). The figure of merit spectra show different spectral structure when compared to the excited state absorption spectra and the largest figure of merit value was found to be around 107 for Pc1–In derivative. In full agreement with reverse saturation results, the optical limiting measurements, carried out at 485 nm and 532 nm for each derivative, show very low optical limiting thresholds at the former wavelength. In the continuous wave excitation regime, the Z-scan measurements, which were carried out at 632.8 and 532 nm, showed strong refractive and absorptive nonlinear effects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The pump room
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/225764 , vital:49256 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10137548.2012.754084"
- Description: I like Allan Kolski Horwitz. He’s done great things for independent publishing in South Africa. Through his company, Botsotso, he’s probably responsible for publishing more poetry, prose and drama than any single person in the country today. The industriousness of his one-man operation has generously sponsored and nurtured thousands of pages of local literature over the course of many years. This is why it makes me so uncomfortable to say that I really don’t like this play. It gives me no pleasure to write a negative review, and especially not about books written by people I like. If I hadn’t already committed myself to writing this review, I would have avoided it. Nevertheless, I had, so I won’t.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/225764 , vital:49256 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10137548.2012.754084"
- Description: I like Allan Kolski Horwitz. He’s done great things for independent publishing in South Africa. Through his company, Botsotso, he’s probably responsible for publishing more poetry, prose and drama than any single person in the country today. The industriousness of his one-man operation has generously sponsored and nurtured thousands of pages of local literature over the course of many years. This is why it makes me so uncomfortable to say that I really don’t like this play. It gives me no pleasure to write a negative review, and especially not about books written by people I like. If I hadn’t already committed myself to writing this review, I would have avoided it. Nevertheless, I had, so I won’t.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Dragging young people down the drain: the mobile phone, gossip mobile website Outoilet and the creation of a mobile ghetto
- Authors: Schoon, Alette
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147858 , vital:38679 , DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2012.744723
- Description: This qualitative study uses the domestication model to describe how a geographically based gossip mobile website, Outoilet (old toilet), helped to shape the meanings of everyday life for young adults in Hooggenoeg, a poor black low-income urban settlement in Grahamstown, South Africa. All the residents here know one another and there is very little privacy, and the mobile phone, during the period of this research, reinforced the lack of privacy through gossip. Such gossip promoted an inward-looking collective sociability. As this article demonstrates, subjects of gossip avoided the streets to escape collective surveillance. Outoilet's explicit sexual language seemed to target those who attempted social mobility by replicating local discourses of respectability and shame. Contrary to findings from other contexts, the mobile phone here thus promoted a collective sociability and may have discouraged mobility as well as economic development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Schoon, Alette
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147858 , vital:38679 , DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2012.744723
- Description: This qualitative study uses the domestication model to describe how a geographically based gossip mobile website, Outoilet (old toilet), helped to shape the meanings of everyday life for young adults in Hooggenoeg, a poor black low-income urban settlement in Grahamstown, South Africa. All the residents here know one another and there is very little privacy, and the mobile phone, during the period of this research, reinforced the lack of privacy through gossip. Such gossip promoted an inward-looking collective sociability. As this article demonstrates, subjects of gossip avoided the streets to escape collective surveillance. Outoilet's explicit sexual language seemed to target those who attempted social mobility by replicating local discourses of respectability and shame. Contrary to findings from other contexts, the mobile phone here thus promoted a collective sociability and may have discouraged mobility as well as economic development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012