Point-of-care and lung ultrasound incorporated in daily practice
- Neethling, E, Roodt, F, Beck, C, Swanevelder, J L C
- Authors: Neethling, E , Roodt, F , Beck, C , Swanevelder, J L C
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5248 , vital:44424 , http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/12293
- Description: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a fast-growing clinical utility and is becoming an essential clinical skill for all practitioners attending to critically ill patients. Ultrasound equipment is now smaller, more affordable and readily available in clinical work areas. POCUS is performed by a non-cardiologist physician at the patient’s bedside as an adjunct to the physical examination. It is easily taught, non-invasive and allows for real-time clinical information. Bedside use of ultrasound imaging aids with rapid diagnosis of severe and life-threatening pathological conditions. It can be repeated, may change clinical management, and impact on patient outcome. POCUS has a broad clinical use, including, but not limited to, focused assessed transthoracic echocardiography (FATE), lung ultrasound imaging, extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (e-FAST), vascular access and regional blocks. It may also be extended to detect endotracheal intubation and the estimation of intracranial pressure. Assessment of cardiac pathology by POCUS, performed by a novice examiner, has been shown to compare with the gold standard of an expert. Training is paramount. The physician should know his limitations and always relate the information back to the clinical scenario and context. By incorporating POCUS as part of our armamentarium and into our daily medical practice, we might see it reach its full clinical potential, optimising patient care and improving patient outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Neethling, E , Roodt, F , Beck, C , Swanevelder, J L C
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5248 , vital:44424 , http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/12293
- Description: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a fast-growing clinical utility and is becoming an essential clinical skill for all practitioners attending to critically ill patients. Ultrasound equipment is now smaller, more affordable and readily available in clinical work areas. POCUS is performed by a non-cardiologist physician at the patient’s bedside as an adjunct to the physical examination. It is easily taught, non-invasive and allows for real-time clinical information. Bedside use of ultrasound imaging aids with rapid diagnosis of severe and life-threatening pathological conditions. It can be repeated, may change clinical management, and impact on patient outcome. POCUS has a broad clinical use, including, but not limited to, focused assessed transthoracic echocardiography (FATE), lung ultrasound imaging, extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (e-FAST), vascular access and regional blocks. It may also be extended to detect endotracheal intubation and the estimation of intracranial pressure. Assessment of cardiac pathology by POCUS, performed by a novice examiner, has been shown to compare with the gold standard of an expert. Training is paramount. The physician should know his limitations and always relate the information back to the clinical scenario and context. By incorporating POCUS as part of our armamentarium and into our daily medical practice, we might see it reach its full clinical potential, optimising patient care and improving patient outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
An illustrated booklet for reinforcing community health worker knowledge of tuberculosis and facilitating patient counselling:
- Okeyo, Ida L A, Dowse, Roslind
- Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156629 , vital:40032 , https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/1687/2559
- Description: Community health workers (CHWs) have facilitated the move to decentralize tuberculosis (TB) management, but lack access to information appropriate both for personal use and in patient interaction and education. To explore the impact of a pictorial-based TB booklet on reinforcing CHW knowledge and facilitating patient counselling.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156629 , vital:40032 , https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/1687/2559
- Description: Community health workers (CHWs) have facilitated the move to decentralize tuberculosis (TB) management, but lack access to information appropriate both for personal use and in patient interaction and education. To explore the impact of a pictorial-based TB booklet on reinforcing CHW knowledge and facilitating patient counselling.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Afrikanische Entwicklungsalternativen: Ubuntu und die Post-Development-Debatte
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142157 , vital:38054 , DOI: 10.3224/peripherie.v38i2.03
- Description: In post-development theory, ubuntu is often cited as an example of an “alternative to development”. This article investigates whether ubuntu can play this role and what to think of the demand for alternatives to development in general. In order to do this, the paper fi rst deals with central aspects of postdevelopment theory and the debate about ubuntu. Although the concept fi ts well into a post-development perspective, the attempts to contrast ubuntu with Western ideas and ways of life are often fueled by the desire to rekindle an original, pre-colonial, authentic African philosophy. Yet discourses on Africa are always embedded in Western discourses, so this opposition reproduces precisely those dichotomies it aims to fi ght. More generally, this also holds true for the idea of “alternatives to development”, which postulate an essential opposition to “development”. This, however, denies claims for equal rights and participation at the root of demands for “development”. The struggle for these claims cannot be fought beyond the existing global order. Instead of engaging in romanticizing projections about an Africa beyond “development”, people’s views and needs should be taken as the starting point for the struggle against injustice and inequality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142157 , vital:38054 , DOI: 10.3224/peripherie.v38i2.03
- Description: In post-development theory, ubuntu is often cited as an example of an “alternative to development”. This article investigates whether ubuntu can play this role and what to think of the demand for alternatives to development in general. In order to do this, the paper fi rst deals with central aspects of postdevelopment theory and the debate about ubuntu. Although the concept fi ts well into a post-development perspective, the attempts to contrast ubuntu with Western ideas and ways of life are often fueled by the desire to rekindle an original, pre-colonial, authentic African philosophy. Yet discourses on Africa are always embedded in Western discourses, so this opposition reproduces precisely those dichotomies it aims to fi ght. More generally, this also holds true for the idea of “alternatives to development”, which postulate an essential opposition to “development”. This, however, denies claims for equal rights and participation at the root of demands for “development”. The struggle for these claims cannot be fought beyond the existing global order. Instead of engaging in romanticizing projections about an Africa beyond “development”, people’s views and needs should be taken as the starting point for the struggle against injustice and inequality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Evidence for protandry in Polydactylus quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary, Angola, and its implications for local fisheries
- Butler, Edward C, Childs, Amber-Robyn, Winkler, Alexander C, Milner, Marianne V, Potts, Warren M
- Authors: Butler, Edward C , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Winkler, Alexander C , Milner, Marianne V , Potts, Warren M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124451 , vital:35614 , https://doi.10.1007/s10641-017-0699-6
- Description: A total of 141 Polydactylus quadrifilis were sampled from the Kwanza Estuary in Angola ranging in size from 436 to 1360 mm fork-length (FL). Of these, 124 were male, six intersex and 11 female. Female fish were significantly longer (mm, FL) and heavier (kg) than males and had significantly higher gonadosomatic indices (GSI’s) than those of males and intersex fish. Transitional (intersex) gonads were delimited, with testicular and ovarian regions separated by connective tissue. The first signs of ovarian tissue appeared on the outer ventral surface of the gonad. A second layer of ovarian tissue was first noticeable at either end of the initial ovarian region and developed back towards the centre of the ventral wall to form a luminal space. Early-stage oocytes were commonly found in the outer area of male regions and residual late-stage spermatids and spermatozoa were found in the luminal space of ovarian regions, suggesting a process of sex change from the outside inwards. A loss of male function was noted with increased ovarian prevalence. Based on this evidence it is suggested that P. quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary are protandrous. Owing to the reliance of P. quadrifilis on large highly fecund females for egg production, it is likely that they will be sensitive to fishing practices that target larger individuals within the population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Butler, Edward C , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Winkler, Alexander C , Milner, Marianne V , Potts, Warren M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124451 , vital:35614 , https://doi.10.1007/s10641-017-0699-6
- Description: A total of 141 Polydactylus quadrifilis were sampled from the Kwanza Estuary in Angola ranging in size from 436 to 1360 mm fork-length (FL). Of these, 124 were male, six intersex and 11 female. Female fish were significantly longer (mm, FL) and heavier (kg) than males and had significantly higher gonadosomatic indices (GSI’s) than those of males and intersex fish. Transitional (intersex) gonads were delimited, with testicular and ovarian regions separated by connective tissue. The first signs of ovarian tissue appeared on the outer ventral surface of the gonad. A second layer of ovarian tissue was first noticeable at either end of the initial ovarian region and developed back towards the centre of the ventral wall to form a luminal space. Early-stage oocytes were commonly found in the outer area of male regions and residual late-stage spermatids and spermatozoa were found in the luminal space of ovarian regions, suggesting a process of sex change from the outside inwards. A loss of male function was noted with increased ovarian prevalence. Based on this evidence it is suggested that P. quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary are protandrous. Owing to the reliance of P. quadrifilis on large highly fecund females for egg production, it is likely that they will be sensitive to fishing practices that target larger individuals within the population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Jesus, Che, Luaty: on the relationship between a digital picture and an iconic image in political iconography in Angola
- Authors: Siegert, Nadine
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145919 , vital:38478 , DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.65.1.04
- Description: This essay makes a close examination of a selection of images of the Angolan rapper Luaty Beirão, who became internationally known as a political activist during his imprisonment in June 2015, accused of staging a coup d'état. By analyzing and interpreting images that were highly mediatized during that period, this article shows how political iconography can be traced back to Christian iconography and other images. Such filiations of images and their mediatization invoke a power that contributes to the formation of political and popular icons. This article analyzes this nexus by deconstructing the transmutation of a photograph into a popular icon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Siegert, Nadine
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145919 , vital:38478 , DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.65.1.04
- Description: This essay makes a close examination of a selection of images of the Angolan rapper Luaty Beirão, who became internationally known as a political activist during his imprisonment in June 2015, accused of staging a coup d'état. By analyzing and interpreting images that were highly mediatized during that period, this article shows how political iconography can be traced back to Christian iconography and other images. Such filiations of images and their mediatization invoke a power that contributes to the formation of political and popular icons. This article analyzes this nexus by deconstructing the transmutation of a photograph into a popular icon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
More than just fields: Reframing deagrarianisation in landscapes and livelihoods
- Hebinck, Paul, Mtati, Nosiseko, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Hebinck, Paul , Mtati, Nosiseko , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180322 , vital:43353 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.01.004"
- Description: This paper discusses the emergent properties of deagrarianisation processes in two villages in the central Eastern Cape, South Africa. The claim of is that much of the deagrarianisation literature and debate does not acknowledge the importance of landscapes and the interaction between their constituent elements, notably people, forests, grasslands, fields, grazing lands, open spaces, built environments and homesteads, all of which contribute to shaping and, in turn, are shaped by livelihoods. Conceptualising a landscape as a spatial entity and associated assemblage of practices, discourses and history, this paper dissects the landscape in terms of land uses for residential and cultural purposes, growing, grazing and gathering. These land use categories together represent the rural domain to which the villagers are attached as a place and a home. Their use of the land is not necessarily oriented to fully exploring its productive potential. The article explores the transformation from a productive landscape to one which largely hinges on consumption. The blurring of boundaries between the formally designated land use categories signifies the transformations occurring in many of the rural areas in the former homelands of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Hebinck, Paul , Mtati, Nosiseko , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180322 , vital:43353 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.01.004"
- Description: This paper discusses the emergent properties of deagrarianisation processes in two villages in the central Eastern Cape, South Africa. The claim of is that much of the deagrarianisation literature and debate does not acknowledge the importance of landscapes and the interaction between their constituent elements, notably people, forests, grasslands, fields, grazing lands, open spaces, built environments and homesteads, all of which contribute to shaping and, in turn, are shaped by livelihoods. Conceptualising a landscape as a spatial entity and associated assemblage of practices, discourses and history, this paper dissects the landscape in terms of land uses for residential and cultural purposes, growing, grazing and gathering. These land use categories together represent the rural domain to which the villagers are attached as a place and a home. Their use of the land is not necessarily oriented to fully exploring its productive potential. The article explores the transformation from a productive landscape to one which largely hinges on consumption. The blurring of boundaries between the formally designated land use categories signifies the transformations occurring in many of the rural areas in the former homelands of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Improved Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Thiopheneethoxy Substituted Metallophthalocyanines on Immobilization onto Gold‐speckled Silica Nanoparticles
- Dube, Edith, Oluwole, David O, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187699 , vital:44688 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12879"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis of tetrakis-[(thiophineethoxy) phthalocyaninato] indium(II) chloride (3). The photophysical behavior of complex 3 was compared to that of the Zn derivative (tetrakis-[(thiophineethoxy) phthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (complex 2)). The compounds were interacted with gold-speckled silica (GSS) nanoparticles via Au–S self assembly to afford the conjugates (2–GSS and 3–GSS). The photophysicochemical behavior of the compounds and their conjugates were assessed. The conjugates afforded a decrease in fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes with improved triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields in comparison with complexes 2 and 3 alone. The complexes and their conjugates could serve as good candidates for photodynamic therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187699 , vital:44688 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12879"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis of tetrakis-[(thiophineethoxy) phthalocyaninato] indium(II) chloride (3). The photophysical behavior of complex 3 was compared to that of the Zn derivative (tetrakis-[(thiophineethoxy) phthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (complex 2)). The compounds were interacted with gold-speckled silica (GSS) nanoparticles via Au–S self assembly to afford the conjugates (2–GSS and 3–GSS). The photophysicochemical behavior of the compounds and their conjugates were assessed. The conjugates afforded a decrease in fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes with improved triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields in comparison with complexes 2 and 3 alone. The complexes and their conjugates could serve as good candidates for photodynamic therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Rinistachya hilleri gen. et sp. nov.(Sphenophyllales), from the upper Devonian of South Africa
- Prestianni, Cyrille, Gess, Robert W
- Authors: Prestianni, Cyrille , Gess, Robert W
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/73883 , vital:30238 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-018-0385-3
- Description: A rich and diverse plant assemblage has been excavated from latest Devonian (Famennian) black shales of the Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group) at Waterloo Farm, close to the city of Grahamstown (South Africa). Several specimens of a new sphenopsid have been collected. The description of this as a new taxon, here named Rinistachya hilleri, gen. et sp. nov., provides an important addition to the scarce early record of the group. Rinistachya hilleri presents a novel architecture that include apparently plesiomorphic characters, reminiscent of the organisation of the Iridopteridales (including the production of two types of laterals at one node, the location of fertile parts in loose whorls on lateral branches and an organisation of the fertile parts in which they branch several times before bearing distally elongate sporangia). Other characters unambiguously nest Rinistachya within the Sphenopsida (including presence of planate and slightly webbed ultimate appendages and lateral strobili made of successive whorls of fertile leaves with fertile parts located at their axil). This provides strong support for a close relationship between Sphenopsida and Iridopteridales. Rinistachya furthermore represents the first record of a Devonian sphenopsid from Gondwana and extends the known distribution of the Sphenopsida from the tropics to very high palaeolatitudes. It is a new sphenopsid with a peculiar organisation. The new taxon allows better characterization of the initial evolutionary radiation at the base of the group.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Prestianni, Cyrille , Gess, Robert W
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/73883 , vital:30238 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-018-0385-3
- Description: A rich and diverse plant assemblage has been excavated from latest Devonian (Famennian) black shales of the Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group) at Waterloo Farm, close to the city of Grahamstown (South Africa). Several specimens of a new sphenopsid have been collected. The description of this as a new taxon, here named Rinistachya hilleri, gen. et sp. nov., provides an important addition to the scarce early record of the group. Rinistachya hilleri presents a novel architecture that include apparently plesiomorphic characters, reminiscent of the organisation of the Iridopteridales (including the production of two types of laterals at one node, the location of fertile parts in loose whorls on lateral branches and an organisation of the fertile parts in which they branch several times before bearing distally elongate sporangia). Other characters unambiguously nest Rinistachya within the Sphenopsida (including presence of planate and slightly webbed ultimate appendages and lateral strobili made of successive whorls of fertile leaves with fertile parts located at their axil). This provides strong support for a close relationship between Sphenopsida and Iridopteridales. Rinistachya furthermore represents the first record of a Devonian sphenopsid from Gondwana and extends the known distribution of the Sphenopsida from the tropics to very high palaeolatitudes. It is a new sphenopsid with a peculiar organisation. The new taxon allows better characterization of the initial evolutionary radiation at the base of the group.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring the potential of developmental work research and change laboratory to support sustainability transformations: a case study of organic agriculture in Zimbabwe
- Mukute, Mutizwa, Mudokwani, Kuda, McAllistair, Georgina, Nyikahadzoi, Kefasi
- Authors: Mukute, Mutizwa , Mudokwani, Kuda , McAllistair, Georgina , Nyikahadzoi, Kefasi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/392119 , vital:68723 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2018.1451542"
- Description: This paper explores the emergence of transgressive learning in CHAT-informed development work research in a networked organic agriculture case study in Zimbabwe, based on intervention research involving district organic associations tackling interconnected issues of climate change, water, food security and solidarity. The study established that We change laboratories can be used to support transgressive learning through: confronting unproductive local norms; collective reframing of problematic issues; stimulating expansive learning and sustainability transformations in minds, relationships and landscapes across time. The study also confirms the need for fourth generation CHAT to address the complex social-ecological problems of today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mukute, Mutizwa , Mudokwani, Kuda , McAllistair, Georgina , Nyikahadzoi, Kefasi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/392119 , vital:68723 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2018.1451542"
- Description: This paper explores the emergence of transgressive learning in CHAT-informed development work research in a networked organic agriculture case study in Zimbabwe, based on intervention research involving district organic associations tackling interconnected issues of climate change, water, food security and solidarity. The study established that We change laboratories can be used to support transgressive learning through: confronting unproductive local norms; collective reframing of problematic issues; stimulating expansive learning and sustainability transformations in minds, relationships and landscapes across time. The study also confirms the need for fourth generation CHAT to address the complex social-ecological problems of today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Photodynamic therapy activity of zinc phthalocyanine linked to folic acid and magnetic nanoparticles
- Matlou, Gauta G, Oluwole, David O, Prinsloo, Earl, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Matlou, Gauta G , Oluwole, David O , Prinsloo, Earl , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234429 , vital:50195 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.025"
- Description: In this work, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) activities (using human carcinoma adherent MCF-7 cells) of zinc phthalocyanine derivatives: complexes 1 (Zn mono cinnamic acid phthalocyanine) and 2 (zinc mono carboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine) when covalently linked to folic acid (FA) and amine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AMNPs) are reported. The covalent linkage of asymmetric zinc cinnamic acid Pc (1) to FA (1-FA) through an amide bond is reported for the first time. Complex 1 is insoluble in water, but upon linkage to FA, (to form 1-FA) the molecule become water soluble, hence the UV–Vis spectrum and singlet oxygen quantum yield for 1-FA were also done in water since water solubility is essential for biological applications. The reported 2-FA is also water soluble. Linking complexes 1 and 2 to FA and AMNPs decreased the dark toxicity of 1 and 2 on MCF-7 cells. Pc-FA (1-FA and 2-FA) conjugates had better singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ∆) in DMSO as compared to Pc-AMNPs (1-AMNPs and 2-AMNPs). The water- soluble 1-FA and 2-FA also achieved a better photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity as compared to 1-AMNPs and 2-AMNPs. Folic acid targeting on the tumor cells may have also facilitated better bioavailability of 1-FA and 2-FA and improved PDT activity on MCF-7 cells over AMNPs carriers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Photodynamic therapy activity of zinc phthalocyanine linked to folic acid and magnetic nanoparticles
- Authors: Matlou, Gauta G , Oluwole, David O , Prinsloo, Earl , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234429 , vital:50195 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.025"
- Description: In this work, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) activities (using human carcinoma adherent MCF-7 cells) of zinc phthalocyanine derivatives: complexes 1 (Zn mono cinnamic acid phthalocyanine) and 2 (zinc mono carboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine) when covalently linked to folic acid (FA) and amine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AMNPs) are reported. The covalent linkage of asymmetric zinc cinnamic acid Pc (1) to FA (1-FA) through an amide bond is reported for the first time. Complex 1 is insoluble in water, but upon linkage to FA, (to form 1-FA) the molecule become water soluble, hence the UV–Vis spectrum and singlet oxygen quantum yield for 1-FA were also done in water since water solubility is essential for biological applications. The reported 2-FA is also water soluble. Linking complexes 1 and 2 to FA and AMNPs decreased the dark toxicity of 1 and 2 on MCF-7 cells. Pc-FA (1-FA and 2-FA) conjugates had better singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ∆) in DMSO as compared to Pc-AMNPs (1-AMNPs and 2-AMNPs). The water- soluble 1-FA and 2-FA also achieved a better photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity as compared to 1-AMNPs and 2-AMNPs. Folic acid targeting on the tumor cells may have also facilitated better bioavailability of 1-FA and 2-FA and improved PDT activity on MCF-7 cells over AMNPs carriers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Effect of doping vs covalent linking of a low symmetry zinc phthalocyanine to silica nanoparticles on singlet oxygen production
- Peteni, Siwaphiwe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Peteni, Siwaphiwe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187873 , vital:44705 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.029"
- Description: Tris[(4-(pyridin-4-ylthio)-2-thio-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)acetic acid phthalocyaninato] zinc (II) (3) was covalently linked to and doped onto SiNPs. An increase in triplet quantum yields for 3-SiNPs (linked) with decreasing lifetimes was observed. For 3-SiNPs (doped) there was a decrease in both the triplet quantum yield and lifetimes when compared to 3 alone. There was an increase in singlet oxygen quantum yields for 3-SiNPs (linked) compared to 3 from 0.67 to 0.80, while there was a decrease for 3-SiNPs (doped) to 0.25.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Peteni, Siwaphiwe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187873 , vital:44705 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.029"
- Description: Tris[(4-(pyridin-4-ylthio)-2-thio-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)acetic acid phthalocyaninato] zinc (II) (3) was covalently linked to and doped onto SiNPs. An increase in triplet quantum yields for 3-SiNPs (linked) with decreasing lifetimes was observed. For 3-SiNPs (doped) there was a decrease in both the triplet quantum yield and lifetimes when compared to 3 alone. There was an increase in singlet oxygen quantum yields for 3-SiNPs (linked) compared to 3 from 0.67 to 0.80, while there was a decrease for 3-SiNPs (doped) to 0.25.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
How good are our guidelines? Four years of experience with the SAMJ’s AGREE II review of submitted clinical practice guidelines
- Kredo, Tamara, Wiseman, Roger, Gray, Andy, Parrish, Andy, Miot, Jacqui, Jamaloodien, Khadija, Blockman, Marc
- Authors: Kredo, Tamara , Wiseman, Roger , Gray, Andy , Parrish, Andy , Miot, Jacqui , Jamaloodien, Khadija , Blockman, Marc
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5296 , vital:44431 , http://10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i11.13646
- Description: The South African Medical Journal (SAMJ) is an established source of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) serving the local healthcare community. CPGs link professional societies and clinicians by guiding best practice through the collation and interpretation of the best available evidence. Not only are CPGs important in standardising the quality of patient care, but they also assist with medicine selection and resource allocation decisions, adjudicating medicolegal claims, and promoting equity by influencing medicine access and health system organisation.[1] In 2014, the SAMJ appointed an editorial subcommittee to review CPGs submitted for publication.[2] This was in response to several concerns, including the global shift in CPG quality requirements, the potential effect of poor-quality CPGs on healthcare quality and cost, and the challenges South African (SA) CPG developers face in meeting new standards. This editorial reflects on the SAMJ CPG review subcommittee’s experience over the past 4 years and describes the value of more robust CPG development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kredo, Tamara , Wiseman, Roger , Gray, Andy , Parrish, Andy , Miot, Jacqui , Jamaloodien, Khadija , Blockman, Marc
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5296 , vital:44431 , http://10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i11.13646
- Description: The South African Medical Journal (SAMJ) is an established source of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) serving the local healthcare community. CPGs link professional societies and clinicians by guiding best practice through the collation and interpretation of the best available evidence. Not only are CPGs important in standardising the quality of patient care, but they also assist with medicine selection and resource allocation decisions, adjudicating medicolegal claims, and promoting equity by influencing medicine access and health system organisation.[1] In 2014, the SAMJ appointed an editorial subcommittee to review CPGs submitted for publication.[2] This was in response to several concerns, including the global shift in CPG quality requirements, the potential effect of poor-quality CPGs on healthcare quality and cost, and the challenges South African (SA) CPG developers face in meeting new standards. This editorial reflects on the SAMJ CPG review subcommittee’s experience over the past 4 years and describes the value of more robust CPG development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A peaceful revenge: Achieving structural and agential transformation in a South African context using cognitive justice and emancipatory social learning
- Authors: Burt, Jane C , James, Anna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/392049 , vital:68717 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2018.1550312"
- Description: This is an account of the emancipatory struggle that faces agents who seek to change the oppressive social structures associated with neo-liberalism. We begin by ‘digging amongst the bones’ of the calls for resistance that have been declared dead or assimilated/co-opted by neoliberal theorists. This leads us to unearth, then utilize, Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Steve Biko’s Black Consciousness and Shiv Visvanathan's ideas; which are examples of Roy Bhaskar’s transformative dialectic. We argue, using examples, that cognitive justice – a concept common to each of our chosen theorists – is vital in enabling emancipatory social learning. By embracing cognitive justice, the agents gained confidence, which led to their increased ability to champion community and non-academic knowledge. It also uncovered structural tensions – attendant in neoliberalism – around privilege. By articulating these tensions, the participants were able to ‘come closer together’. Such processes, initiated by ensuring cognitive justice, are possible steps in achieving universal solidarity; which is likely to be a necessary step along the path of achieving emancipation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Burt, Jane C , James, Anna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/392049 , vital:68717 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2018.1550312"
- Description: This is an account of the emancipatory struggle that faces agents who seek to change the oppressive social structures associated with neo-liberalism. We begin by ‘digging amongst the bones’ of the calls for resistance that have been declared dead or assimilated/co-opted by neoliberal theorists. This leads us to unearth, then utilize, Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Steve Biko’s Black Consciousness and Shiv Visvanathan's ideas; which are examples of Roy Bhaskar’s transformative dialectic. We argue, using examples, that cognitive justice – a concept common to each of our chosen theorists – is vital in enabling emancipatory social learning. By embracing cognitive justice, the agents gained confidence, which led to their increased ability to champion community and non-academic knowledge. It also uncovered structural tensions – attendant in neoliberalism – around privilege. By articulating these tensions, the participants were able to ‘come closer together’. Such processes, initiated by ensuring cognitive justice, are possible steps in achieving universal solidarity; which is likely to be a necessary step along the path of achieving emancipation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Population connectivity of an overexploited coastal fish, Argyrosomus coronus (Sciaenidae), in an ocean-warming hotspot
- Henriques, R, Potts, Warren M, Santos, Carmen V D, Sauer, Warwick H H, Shaw, Paul W
- Authors: Henriques, R , Potts, Warren M , Santos, Carmen V D , Sauer, Warwick H H , Shaw, Paul W
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125720 , vital:35811 , https://doi.10.2989/1814232X.2018.1434090
- Description: Anthropogenic activities are recognised as causing significant impacts to marine systems at multiple levels, ranging from habitat disturbance (Pauly et al. 2005) to overfishing (Sala and Knowlton 2006) and loss of genetic diversity (Pinsky and Palumbi 2014). Exploitation and harvesting in particular are known to strongly influence fish populations and their associated ecosystems (Pauly et al. 2005), and in combination with ongoing climate change can have compound effects on the viability and long-term survival of marine fishes (Last et al. 2011). Species can react to the impacts of climate change either by shifting their distributional range or by adapting to changing conditions through individual ecological plasticity and/or local population adaptation (Briggs 2011; Last et al. 2011). However, since ecological plasticity and local adaptation have strong genetic components, overharvesting has the potential to impact the long-term adaptive ability of marine fishes by decreasing the extant genetic diversity (Allendorf et al. 2014). Therefore, understanding the impact of exploitation on genetic diversity and population substructuring is critical for predicting the likely consequences of continued exploitation and climate change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Henriques, R , Potts, Warren M , Santos, Carmen V D , Sauer, Warwick H H , Shaw, Paul W
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125720 , vital:35811 , https://doi.10.2989/1814232X.2018.1434090
- Description: Anthropogenic activities are recognised as causing significant impacts to marine systems at multiple levels, ranging from habitat disturbance (Pauly et al. 2005) to overfishing (Sala and Knowlton 2006) and loss of genetic diversity (Pinsky and Palumbi 2014). Exploitation and harvesting in particular are known to strongly influence fish populations and their associated ecosystems (Pauly et al. 2005), and in combination with ongoing climate change can have compound effects on the viability and long-term survival of marine fishes (Last et al. 2011). Species can react to the impacts of climate change either by shifting their distributional range or by adapting to changing conditions through individual ecological plasticity and/or local population adaptation (Briggs 2011; Last et al. 2011). However, since ecological plasticity and local adaptation have strong genetic components, overharvesting has the potential to impact the long-term adaptive ability of marine fishes by decreasing the extant genetic diversity (Allendorf et al. 2014). Therefore, understanding the impact of exploitation on genetic diversity and population substructuring is critical for predicting the likely consequences of continued exploitation and climate change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Characterizing early drug resistance-related events using geometric ensembles from HIV protease dynamics:
- Amamuddy, Olivier S, Bishop, Nigel T, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Amamuddy, Olivier S , Bishop, Nigel T , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148126 , vital:38712 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36041-8
- Description: The use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) has drastically improved the life quality and expectancy of HIV patients since their introduction in health care. Several millions are still afflicted worldwide by HIV and ARV resistance is a constant concern for both healthcare practitioners and patients, as while treatment options are finite, the virus constantly adapts via complex mutation patterns to select for resistant strains under the pressure of drug treatment. The HIV protease is a crucial enzyme for viral maturation and has been a game changing drug target since the first application. Due to similarities in protease inhibitor designs, drug cross-resistance is not uncommon across ARVs of the same class.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Amamuddy, Olivier S , Bishop, Nigel T , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148126 , vital:38712 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36041-8
- Description: The use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) has drastically improved the life quality and expectancy of HIV patients since their introduction in health care. Several millions are still afflicted worldwide by HIV and ARV resistance is a constant concern for both healthcare practitioners and patients, as while treatment options are finite, the virus constantly adapts via complex mutation patterns to select for resistant strains under the pressure of drug treatment. The HIV protease is a crucial enzyme for viral maturation and has been a game changing drug target since the first application. Due to similarities in protease inhibitor designs, drug cross-resistance is not uncommon across ARVs of the same class.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Photo-induced resonance energy transfer and nonlinear optical response in ball-type phthalocyanine conjugated to semiconductor and graphene quantum dots
- Nwaji, Njemuwa, Achadu, Ojodomo John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Nwaji, Njemuwa , Achadu, Ojodomo John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187959 , vital:44713 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ05196D"
- Description: The synthesis of ball-type zinc and gallium phthalocyanines (complexes 2 and 3) and their covalent linkage to glutathione (GSH) and amine functionalized quantum dots QDs) are reported in this work. Furthermore, their photophysical, photo-induced resonance energy transfer and optical limiting responses were investigated. We observed a decrease in the fluorescence quantum yields with a corresponding increase in the triplet quantum yields of the nanoconjugates in comparison to the phthalocyanine complexes alone. The reverse saturable absorption was found to be dependent on the excited state absorption, and the observed limiting threshold ranged from 0.32 to 1.43 J cm−2. Enhanced triplet parameters and nonlinear optical performance were found when the complexes were covalently linked to semiconductor quantum dots compared to carbon based graphene quantum dots.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nwaji, Njemuwa , Achadu, Ojodomo John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187959 , vital:44713 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ05196D"
- Description: The synthesis of ball-type zinc and gallium phthalocyanines (complexes 2 and 3) and their covalent linkage to glutathione (GSH) and amine functionalized quantum dots QDs) are reported in this work. Furthermore, their photophysical, photo-induced resonance energy transfer and optical limiting responses were investigated. We observed a decrease in the fluorescence quantum yields with a corresponding increase in the triplet quantum yields of the nanoconjugates in comparison to the phthalocyanine complexes alone. The reverse saturable absorption was found to be dependent on the excited state absorption, and the observed limiting threshold ranged from 0.32 to 1.43 J cm−2. Enhanced triplet parameters and nonlinear optical performance were found when the complexes were covalently linked to semiconductor quantum dots compared to carbon based graphene quantum dots.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Orí (Head) as an xxpression of Yorùbá aesthetic philosophy:
- Ajíbóyè, Olusegun, Fọlárànmí, Stephen, Umoru-Ọkẹ, Nanashaitu
- Authors: Ajíbóyè, Olusegun , Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Umoru-Ọkẹ, Nanashaitu
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146145 , vital:38499 , DOI https://doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0115
- Description: Aesthetics was never a subject or a separate philosophy in the traditional philosophies of black Africa. This is however not a justification to conclude that it is nonexistent. Indeed, aesthetics is a day to day affair among Africans. There are criteria for aesthetic judgment among African societies which vary from one society to the other. The Yorùbá of Southwestern Nigeria are not different. This study sets out to examine how the Yorùbá make their aesthetic judgments and demonstrate their aesthetic philosophy in decorating their orí, which means head among the Yorùbá. The head receives special aesthetic attention because of its spiritual and biological importance. It is an expression of the practicalities of Yorùbá aesthetic values. Literature and field work has been of paramount aid to this study. The study uses photographs, works of art and visual illustrations to show the various ways the head is adorned and cared for among the Yoruba. It relied on Yoruba art and language as a tool of investigating the concept of ori and aesthetics. Yorùbá aesthetic values are practically demonstrable and deeply located in the Yorùbá societal, moral and ethical idealisms. It concludes that the spiritual importance of orí or its aesthetics has a connection which has been demonstratively established by the Yorùbá as epressed in the images and illustrations used in this paper.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ajíbóyè, Olusegun , Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Umoru-Ọkẹ, Nanashaitu
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146145 , vital:38499 , DOI https://doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0115
- Description: Aesthetics was never a subject or a separate philosophy in the traditional philosophies of black Africa. This is however not a justification to conclude that it is nonexistent. Indeed, aesthetics is a day to day affair among Africans. There are criteria for aesthetic judgment among African societies which vary from one society to the other. The Yorùbá of Southwestern Nigeria are not different. This study sets out to examine how the Yorùbá make their aesthetic judgments and demonstrate their aesthetic philosophy in decorating their orí, which means head among the Yorùbá. The head receives special aesthetic attention because of its spiritual and biological importance. It is an expression of the practicalities of Yorùbá aesthetic values. Literature and field work has been of paramount aid to this study. The study uses photographs, works of art and visual illustrations to show the various ways the head is adorned and cared for among the Yoruba. It relied on Yoruba art and language as a tool of investigating the concept of ori and aesthetics. Yorùbá aesthetic values are practically demonstrable and deeply located in the Yorùbá societal, moral and ethical idealisms. It concludes that the spiritual importance of orí or its aesthetics has a connection which has been demonstratively established by the Yorùbá as epressed in the images and illustrations used in this paper.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
In-situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles on graphene quantum dots-phthalocyanine nanoplatforms: First description of the photophysical and surface enhanced Raman scattering behaviour
- Nwahara, Nnamdi, Achadu, Ojodomo John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Nwahara, Nnamdi , Achadu, Ojodomo John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187638 , vital:44682 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.011"
- Description: Owing to the need for new low-dimensional molecular assemblies with tailored electronic properties, the current study presents a facile approach for the synthesis and assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto functional graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-phthalocyanines (Pcs) arrays and the investigation of their photophysical and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties. The GQDs were functionalized with L-glutathione (GSH) (to form GQDs@GSH) in order to assist coupling to the low symmetry Zn tris–(tert–butyl) mono carboxyphenoxy (propionic acid) phthalocyanine (complex 1) to form 1@GQDs. The affinity of gold (Au) to sulphur (S) was exploited for the assembly of the AuNPs onto 1@GQDs platform to form 1@GQDs-AuNPs. Transmission electron microscopic investigations confirmed the formation of monodispersed, spherical Pc/GQDs@GSH/AuNPs hybrids. The nanocomposite displayed high triplet quantum yields, which translated into high singlet oxygen quantum yield as high as 87%. Furthermore, the formed composites demonstrated strong surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties with an unprecedented intrinsic maximal enhancement factor of more than 30-fold. These nanostructures also retain more than 90% of their original SERS intensities after a week of storage, displaying superb stability under ambient conditions. These results highlight the remarkable potential of this composite as a unique Raman-based PDT dosimetric agent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nwahara, Nnamdi , Achadu, Ojodomo John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187638 , vital:44682 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.011"
- Description: Owing to the need for new low-dimensional molecular assemblies with tailored electronic properties, the current study presents a facile approach for the synthesis and assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto functional graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-phthalocyanines (Pcs) arrays and the investigation of their photophysical and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties. The GQDs were functionalized with L-glutathione (GSH) (to form GQDs@GSH) in order to assist coupling to the low symmetry Zn tris–(tert–butyl) mono carboxyphenoxy (propionic acid) phthalocyanine (complex 1) to form 1@GQDs. The affinity of gold (Au) to sulphur (S) was exploited for the assembly of the AuNPs onto 1@GQDs platform to form 1@GQDs-AuNPs. Transmission electron microscopic investigations confirmed the formation of monodispersed, spherical Pc/GQDs@GSH/AuNPs hybrids. The nanocomposite displayed high triplet quantum yields, which translated into high singlet oxygen quantum yield as high as 87%. Furthermore, the formed composites demonstrated strong surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties with an unprecedented intrinsic maximal enhancement factor of more than 30-fold. These nanostructures also retain more than 90% of their original SERS intensities after a week of storage, displaying superb stability under ambient conditions. These results highlight the remarkable potential of this composite as a unique Raman-based PDT dosimetric agent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Glycosylated zinc phthalocyanine-gold nanoparticle conjugates for photodynamic therapy
- Dube, Edith, Oluwole, David O, Nwaji, Njemuwa, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234524 , vital:50205 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.081"
- Description: In this work, we report on the synthesis of tris-[(2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4′,5′-d]pyran-5-yl)methoxy)-2-(4-benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylphenoxyphthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (complex 3) and its linkage to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different shapes through S-Au/N-Au self-assembly. The conjugates of complex 3 (with both gold nanorods (AuNR) and nanospheres (AuNS)), displayed decreased fluorescence quantum yield with corresponding improved triplet and singlet quantum yields compared to complex 3 alone, however 3-AuNR showed improved properties than 3-AuNS. Complex 3 showed relatively low in vitro dark cytotoxicity against the epithelial breast cancer cells with cell survival ≥ 85% at concentration ≤ 160 μg/mL but afforded reduced photodynamic therapy activity which may be due to aggregation. 3-AuNR afforded superior PDT activity with more than 50% viable cells at concentration ≥ 40 μg/mL in comparison to 3-AuNS with more than 50% viable cells at concentration ≥ 80 μg/mL. The superior activity of 3-AuNR is attributed to the photothermal therapy effect since nanorods absorb more light at 680 nm than nanospheres.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234524 , vital:50205 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.081"
- Description: In this work, we report on the synthesis of tris-[(2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4′,5′-d]pyran-5-yl)methoxy)-2-(4-benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylphenoxyphthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (complex 3) and its linkage to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different shapes through S-Au/N-Au self-assembly. The conjugates of complex 3 (with both gold nanorods (AuNR) and nanospheres (AuNS)), displayed decreased fluorescence quantum yield with corresponding improved triplet and singlet quantum yields compared to complex 3 alone, however 3-AuNR showed improved properties than 3-AuNS. Complex 3 showed relatively low in vitro dark cytotoxicity against the epithelial breast cancer cells with cell survival ≥ 85% at concentration ≤ 160 μg/mL but afforded reduced photodynamic therapy activity which may be due to aggregation. 3-AuNR afforded superior PDT activity with more than 50% viable cells at concentration ≥ 40 μg/mL in comparison to 3-AuNS with more than 50% viable cells at concentration ≥ 80 μg/mL. The superior activity of 3-AuNR is attributed to the photothermal therapy effect since nanorods absorb more light at 680 nm than nanospheres.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Igniting public space at the Chale Wote street art festival in Accra:
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147048 , vital:38588 , https://theconversation.com/igniting-public-space-at-the-chale-wote-street-art-festival-in-accra-102783
- Description: For the past eight years at the end of every August the James Town suburb of Ghana’s capital Accra has been taken over by the Chale Wote street art festival. During the festival, thousands of people, including local celebrities, artists, musicians, boxers and everyday revellers, move up and down the streets mostly by foot and at times on roller skates or unicycles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147048 , vital:38588 , https://theconversation.com/igniting-public-space-at-the-chale-wote-street-art-festival-in-accra-102783
- Description: For the past eight years at the end of every August the James Town suburb of Ghana’s capital Accra has been taken over by the Chale Wote street art festival. During the festival, thousands of people, including local celebrities, artists, musicians, boxers and everyday revellers, move up and down the streets mostly by foot and at times on roller skates or unicycles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018