Detecting plant species in the field with deep learning and drone technology:
- James, Katherine, Bradshaw, Karen
- Authors: James, Katherine , Bradshaw, Karen
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160445 , vital:40446 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/2041-210X.13473
- Description: Aerial drones are providing a new source of high‐resolution imagery for mapping of plant species of interest, amongst other applications. On‐board detection algorithms could open the door to allow for applications in which drones can intelligently interact with their environment. However, the majority of plant detection studies have focused on detection in post‐flight processed orthomosaics. Greater research into developing detection algorithms robust to real‐world variations in environmental conditions is necessary, such that they are suitable for deployment in the field under variable conditions. We outline the steps necessary to develop such a system, show by example how real‐world considerations can be addressed during model training and briefly illustrate the performance of our best performing model in the field when integrated with an aerial drone.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: James, Katherine , Bradshaw, Karen
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160445 , vital:40446 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/2041-210X.13473
- Description: Aerial drones are providing a new source of high‐resolution imagery for mapping of plant species of interest, amongst other applications. On‐board detection algorithms could open the door to allow for applications in which drones can intelligently interact with their environment. However, the majority of plant detection studies have focused on detection in post‐flight processed orthomosaics. Greater research into developing detection algorithms robust to real‐world variations in environmental conditions is necessary, such that they are suitable for deployment in the field under variable conditions. We outline the steps necessary to develop such a system, show by example how real‐world considerations can be addressed during model training and briefly illustrate the performance of our best performing model in the field when integrated with an aerial drone.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Exploring a systems approach to mainstreaming sustainability in universities: A case study of Rhodes University in South Africa
- Togo, Muchaiteyi, Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Authors: Togo, Muchaiteyi , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182857 , vital:43886 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.749974"
- Description: This paper explores the use of systems theory to inform the mainstreaming of sustainability in a university’s functions as it responds to sustainable development challenges in its local context. Offering a case study of Rhodes University, the paper shows how the use of systems models and concepts, underpinned by a critical realist ontology and an understanding of morphogenetic change processes, have the potential to enable universities to mobilise their operations to respond to local sustainability challenges. In this instance, the success of such an approach is shown to depend on commitments from the university community and the availability of enabling inputs, such as financial and human resources. The paper concludes with reflections and recommendations to inform further development of a newly emerging systems approach in sustainability mainstreaming at Rhodes University, and other institutions pursuing similar approaches and goals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Togo, Muchaiteyi , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182857 , vital:43886 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.749974"
- Description: This paper explores the use of systems theory to inform the mainstreaming of sustainability in a university’s functions as it responds to sustainable development challenges in its local context. Offering a case study of Rhodes University, the paper shows how the use of systems models and concepts, underpinned by a critical realist ontology and an understanding of morphogenetic change processes, have the potential to enable universities to mobilise their operations to respond to local sustainability challenges. In this instance, the success of such an approach is shown to depend on commitments from the university community and the availability of enabling inputs, such as financial and human resources. The paper concludes with reflections and recommendations to inform further development of a newly emerging systems approach in sustainability mainstreaming at Rhodes University, and other institutions pursuing similar approaches and goals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
First candidates for γ vibrational bands built on the [505] 11/2− neutron orbital in odd-A Dy isotopes:
- Majola, S N T, Sithole, M A, Mdletshe, L, Hartley, D, Timár, J, Nyakó, B M, Allmond, J M, Bark, R A, Beausang, C, Bianco, L, Bucher, T D, Bvumbi, S P, Carpenter, M P, Chiara, C J, Cooper, N, Cullen, D M, Curien, D, Dinoko, T S, Gall, B J P, Garrett, P E, Greenlees, P T, Hirvonen, J, Jakobsson, U, Jones, P M, Julin, R, Juutinen, S, Ketelhut, S, Keswa, B V, Kondev, F G, Korichi, A, Kulp, W D, Lauritsen, T, Lawrie, E A, Makhathini, L, Masiteng, P L, Maqabuka, B, McCutchan, E A, Miller, D, Miller, S, Minkova, A, Msebi, L, Mthembu, S H, Ndayishmiye, J, Nieminen, P, Ngcobo, P Z, Ntshamgase, S S, Orce, J N, Peura, P, Rahkila, P, Redon, N, Riedinger, L L, Riley, M A, Roux, D G, Ruotsalainen, P, Piot, J, Saren, J, Sharpey-Schafer, J F, Scholey, C, Shirinda, O, Simpson, J, Sorri, J, Stefansecu, I, Stolze, S, Uusitalo, J, Wang, X, Werner, V, Wood, J L, Yu, C-H, Zhu, S, Zimba, G
- Authors: Majola, S N T , Sithole, M A , Mdletshe, L , Hartley, D , Timár, J , Nyakó, B M , Allmond, J M , Bark, R A , Beausang, C , Bianco, L , Bucher, T D , Bvumbi, S P , Carpenter, M P , Chiara, C J , Cooper, N , Cullen, D M , Curien, D , Dinoko, T S , Gall, B J P , Garrett, P E , Greenlees, P T , Hirvonen, J , Jakobsson, U , Jones, P M , Julin, R , Juutinen, S , Ketelhut, S , Keswa, B V , Kondev, F G , Korichi, A , Kulp, W D , Lauritsen, T , Lawrie, E A , Makhathini, L , Masiteng, P L , Maqabuka, B , McCutchan, E A , Miller, D , Miller, S , Minkova, A , Msebi, L , Mthembu, S H , Ndayishmiye, J , Nieminen, P , Ngcobo, P Z , Ntshamgase, S S , Orce, J N , Peura, P , Rahkila, P , Redon, N , Riedinger, L L , Riley, M A , Roux, D G , Ruotsalainen, P , Piot, J , Saren, J , Sharpey-Schafer, J F , Scholey, C , Shirinda, O , Simpson, J , Sorri, J , Stefansecu, I , Stolze, S , Uusitalo, J , Wang, X , Werner, V , Wood, J L , Yu, C-H , Zhu, S , Zimba, G
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148827 , vital:38777 , https://0-journals.aps.org.wam.seals.ac.za/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.044312
- Description: Rotational structures have been measured using the Jurogam II and GAMMASPHERE arrays at low spin following the 155Gd(α,2n)157Dy and 148Nd(12C,5n)155Dy reactions at 25 and 65 MeV, respectively. We report high-K bands, which are conjectured to be the first candidates of a Kπ=2+γ vibrational band, built on the [505]11/2− neutron orbital, in both odd-A155,157Dy isotopes. The coupling of the first excited K=0+ states or the so-called β vibrational bands at 661 and 676 keV in 154Dy and 156Dy to the [505]11/2− orbital, to produce a Kπ=11/2− band, was not observed in both 155Dy and 157Dy, respectively. The implication of these findings on the interpretation of the first excited 0+ states in the core nuclei 154Dy and 156Dy are also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Majola, S N T , Sithole, M A , Mdletshe, L , Hartley, D , Timár, J , Nyakó, B M , Allmond, J M , Bark, R A , Beausang, C , Bianco, L , Bucher, T D , Bvumbi, S P , Carpenter, M P , Chiara, C J , Cooper, N , Cullen, D M , Curien, D , Dinoko, T S , Gall, B J P , Garrett, P E , Greenlees, P T , Hirvonen, J , Jakobsson, U , Jones, P M , Julin, R , Juutinen, S , Ketelhut, S , Keswa, B V , Kondev, F G , Korichi, A , Kulp, W D , Lauritsen, T , Lawrie, E A , Makhathini, L , Masiteng, P L , Maqabuka, B , McCutchan, E A , Miller, D , Miller, S , Minkova, A , Msebi, L , Mthembu, S H , Ndayishmiye, J , Nieminen, P , Ngcobo, P Z , Ntshamgase, S S , Orce, J N , Peura, P , Rahkila, P , Redon, N , Riedinger, L L , Riley, M A , Roux, D G , Ruotsalainen, P , Piot, J , Saren, J , Sharpey-Schafer, J F , Scholey, C , Shirinda, O , Simpson, J , Sorri, J , Stefansecu, I , Stolze, S , Uusitalo, J , Wang, X , Werner, V , Wood, J L , Yu, C-H , Zhu, S , Zimba, G
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148827 , vital:38777 , https://0-journals.aps.org.wam.seals.ac.za/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.044312
- Description: Rotational structures have been measured using the Jurogam II and GAMMASPHERE arrays at low spin following the 155Gd(α,2n)157Dy and 148Nd(12C,5n)155Dy reactions at 25 and 65 MeV, respectively. We report high-K bands, which are conjectured to be the first candidates of a Kπ=2+γ vibrational band, built on the [505]11/2− neutron orbital, in both odd-A155,157Dy isotopes. The coupling of the first excited K=0+ states or the so-called β vibrational bands at 661 and 676 keV in 154Dy and 156Dy to the [505]11/2− orbital, to produce a Kπ=11/2− band, was not observed in both 155Dy and 157Dy, respectively. The implication of these findings on the interpretation of the first excited 0+ states in the core nuclei 154Dy and 156Dy are also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Dragonfly (Odonata) community structure in the Eastern Highlands Biodiversity Hotspot of Zimbabwe: potential threats of land use changes on freshwater invertebrates
- Mafuwe, Kudzai, Moyo, Sydney
- Authors: Mafuwe, Kudzai , Moyo, Sydney
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158265 , vital:40167 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2020.1768156
- Description: We examined the diversity and potential drivers of dragonfly distribution in a biodiversity hotspot of Southern Africa (Eastern Highlands, Zimbabwe) by surveying 30 sites (13 lentic and 17 lotic habitats) located within this region. Additionally, we identified the anthropogenic factors that may threaten Odonata diversity and abundance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mafuwe, Kudzai , Moyo, Sydney
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158265 , vital:40167 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2020.1768156
- Description: We examined the diversity and potential drivers of dragonfly distribution in a biodiversity hotspot of Southern Africa (Eastern Highlands, Zimbabwe) by surveying 30 sites (13 lentic and 17 lotic habitats) located within this region. Additionally, we identified the anthropogenic factors that may threaten Odonata diversity and abundance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
New directions in Maritime and Fisheries Anthropology:
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179028 , vital:40101 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/aman.13380
- Description: Maritime and fisheries anthropology is a mixture of different themes couched under various theoretical frameworks that straddle the humanities and the sciences. In this subject survey, I explore different thematic and theoretical strands of maritime and fisheries anthropology and illustrate broader changes in this subdiscipline since around the mid‐1990s. I also review developing and future thematic and theoretical research frontiers, and discuss their potential contribution to a public and actionable anthropology/scholarship that can better inform fisheries management and conservation. This is important because in the twenty‐first century, coastal peoples are facing socioeconomic and environmental challenges that are increasingly becoming hazardous. To create a more actionable discipline, anthropology needs to be more accessible, inform innovation, and recapture a more pluralistic scholarship that champions interdisciplinary work. This will require the consilience between the humanities and natural sciences for studying human–marine interactions more broadly and for protecting the marine environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179028 , vital:40101 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/aman.13380
- Description: Maritime and fisheries anthropology is a mixture of different themes couched under various theoretical frameworks that straddle the humanities and the sciences. In this subject survey, I explore different thematic and theoretical strands of maritime and fisheries anthropology and illustrate broader changes in this subdiscipline since around the mid‐1990s. I also review developing and future thematic and theoretical research frontiers, and discuss their potential contribution to a public and actionable anthropology/scholarship that can better inform fisheries management and conservation. This is important because in the twenty‐first century, coastal peoples are facing socioeconomic and environmental challenges that are increasingly becoming hazardous. To create a more actionable discipline, anthropology needs to be more accessible, inform innovation, and recapture a more pluralistic scholarship that champions interdisciplinary work. This will require the consilience between the humanities and natural sciences for studying human–marine interactions more broadly and for protecting the marine environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Exploring the potential of developmental work research and change laboratory to support sustainability transformations: a case study of organic agriculture in Zimbabwe
- Mukute, Mutizwa, Mudokwani, Kuda, McAllistair, Georgina, Nyikahadzoi, Kefasi
- Authors: Mukute, Mutizwa , Mudokwani, Kuda , McAllistair, Georgina , Nyikahadzoi, Kefasi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/392119 , vital:68723 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2018.1451542"
- Description: This paper explores the emergence of transgressive learning in CHAT-informed development work research in a networked organic agriculture case study in Zimbabwe, based on intervention research involving district organic associations tackling interconnected issues of climate change, water, food security and solidarity. The study established that We change laboratories can be used to support transgressive learning through: confronting unproductive local norms; collective reframing of problematic issues; stimulating expansive learning and sustainability transformations in minds, relationships and landscapes across time. The study also confirms the need for fourth generation CHAT to address the complex social-ecological problems of today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mukute, Mutizwa , Mudokwani, Kuda , McAllistair, Georgina , Nyikahadzoi, Kefasi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/392119 , vital:68723 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2018.1451542"
- Description: This paper explores the emergence of transgressive learning in CHAT-informed development work research in a networked organic agriculture case study in Zimbabwe, based on intervention research involving district organic associations tackling interconnected issues of climate change, water, food security and solidarity. The study established that We change laboratories can be used to support transgressive learning through: confronting unproductive local norms; collective reframing of problematic issues; stimulating expansive learning and sustainability transformations in minds, relationships and landscapes across time. The study also confirms the need for fourth generation CHAT to address the complex social-ecological problems of today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Predicting non-target impacts:
- Paynter, Quentin, Paterson, Iain D, Kwong, Raelene M
- Authors: Paynter, Quentin , Paterson, Iain D , Kwong, Raelene M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149982 , vital:38921 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.002
- Description: Biocontrol of invasive alien weeds has produced great benefits, but concerns over undesirable impacts on non-target plants and/or indirect interactions between biocontrol agents and other biota impede the implementation of biocontrol in some countries. Although great strides have been made, continuing uncertainties predicting the realized host range of candidate agents is probably resulting in some being erroneously rejected due to overestimation of risk. Further refinement of host-range testing protocols is therefore desirable. Indirect interactions are inherently harder to predict, and the risk of both direct and indirect non-target impacts may change over time due to biocontrol agents evolving or expanding their range under climate change. Future research directions to better understand the risk of non-target impacts over time are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Paynter, Quentin , Paterson, Iain D , Kwong, Raelene M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149982 , vital:38921 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.002
- Description: Biocontrol of invasive alien weeds has produced great benefits, but concerns over undesirable impacts on non-target plants and/or indirect interactions between biocontrol agents and other biota impede the implementation of biocontrol in some countries. Although great strides have been made, continuing uncertainties predicting the realized host range of candidate agents is probably resulting in some being erroneously rejected due to overestimation of risk. Further refinement of host-range testing protocols is therefore desirable. Indirect interactions are inherently harder to predict, and the risk of both direct and indirect non-target impacts may change over time due to biocontrol agents evolving or expanding their range under climate change. Future research directions to better understand the risk of non-target impacts over time are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Effectiveness of private land conservation areas in maintaining natural land cover and biodiversity intactness
- Shumba, Tafadzwa, de Vos, Alta, Biggs, Reinette, Esler, Karen J, Ament, Judith M, Clements, Hayley S
- Authors: Shumba, Tafadzwa , de Vos, Alta , Biggs, Reinette , Esler, Karen J , Ament, Judith M , Clements, Hayley S
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/415852 , vital:71294 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00935"
- Description: Private land conservation areas (PLCAs) are increasingly looked to for meeting the deficit left by state-owned protected areas in reaching global conservation targets. However, despite the increasing extent and recognition of PLCAs as a complementary conservation strategy, little research has been done to quantify their effectiveness; a critical consideration if they are to be counted towards international biodiversity conservation targets. The long history of PLCAs in South Africa provides an interesting case study to address this knowledge gap. Here, we quantified the effectiveness of South African PLCAs by comparing losses in natural land cover and biodiversity intactness within PLCAs with different levels of protection to that of unprotected control points. Points within PLCAs were matched with unprotected control points to test the prediction that if PLCAs offer effective protection, losses in natural land cover and biodiversity intactness would be significantly lower within their boundaries in comparison to unprotected controls exposed to similar conditions. Consequences of natural land cover loss on biodiversity intactness were thus assessed, thus advancing standard approaches for quantifying effectiveness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Shumba, Tafadzwa , de Vos, Alta , Biggs, Reinette , Esler, Karen J , Ament, Judith M , Clements, Hayley S
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/415852 , vital:71294 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00935"
- Description: Private land conservation areas (PLCAs) are increasingly looked to for meeting the deficit left by state-owned protected areas in reaching global conservation targets. However, despite the increasing extent and recognition of PLCAs as a complementary conservation strategy, little research has been done to quantify their effectiveness; a critical consideration if they are to be counted towards international biodiversity conservation targets. The long history of PLCAs in South Africa provides an interesting case study to address this knowledge gap. Here, we quantified the effectiveness of South African PLCAs by comparing losses in natural land cover and biodiversity intactness within PLCAs with different levels of protection to that of unprotected control points. Points within PLCAs were matched with unprotected control points to test the prediction that if PLCAs offer effective protection, losses in natural land cover and biodiversity intactness would be significantly lower within their boundaries in comparison to unprotected controls exposed to similar conditions. Consequences of natural land cover loss on biodiversity intactness were thus assessed, thus advancing standard approaches for quantifying effectiveness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Anti-cancer and anti-trypanosomal properties of alkaloids from the root bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill and Perr
- Eze, Fabian I, Siwe-Noundou, Xavier, Isaacs, Michelle, Patala, Srivinas, Osadebe, Patience O, Krause, Rui W M
- Authors: Eze, Fabian I , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Isaacs, Michelle , Patala, Srivinas , Osadebe, Patience O , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193352 , vital:45324 , xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i11.19"
- Description: Purpose: To isolate the anti-cancer and anti-trypanosomal principles of Zanthoxylum leprieurii, a medicinally versatile wild tropical plant used for managing tumours, African trypanosomiasis, and inflammation in southeastern Nigeria. Methods: The pure compounds were isolated using chromatographic methods. The structural elucidation of the pure compounds was based on their NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectral data as well as chemical test results. Structure-activity relationships were based on the structural differences among the compounds. The cytotoxicity of the extracts and compounds (1, 2, 3, and 4) was evaluated in HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma) cell line while the trypanocidal activities were evaluated on Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Results: Two acridone alkaloids, 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methylacridin-9 (10H)-one, named fabiocinine (1), and 1-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-10-methylacridin-9 (10H)-one (arborinine, 2), together with a furoquinoline alkaloid, skimmianine (3), and a chelerythrine derivative, 6-acetonyl-5,6-dihydrochelerythrine (4) were isolated from the root bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii. Skimmianine (3) exhibited cytotoxicity and anti-trypanosomal IC50 of 12.8 and 13.2 µg/mL respectively (p less than 0.05). Compound (1) and arborinine (2) were selectively cytotoxic to HeLa cells with cytotoxicity IC50 of 28.49 and 62.71 µg/mL, respectively, while (4) did not show significant activity (p less than 0.05). Conclusion: Zanthoxylum leprieurii root bark contains cytotoxic and trypanocidal compounds, and is thus a potential source of anti-cancer and anti-trypanosomal leads.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Eze, Fabian I , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Isaacs, Michelle , Patala, Srivinas , Osadebe, Patience O , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193352 , vital:45324 , xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i11.19"
- Description: Purpose: To isolate the anti-cancer and anti-trypanosomal principles of Zanthoxylum leprieurii, a medicinally versatile wild tropical plant used for managing tumours, African trypanosomiasis, and inflammation in southeastern Nigeria. Methods: The pure compounds were isolated using chromatographic methods. The structural elucidation of the pure compounds was based on their NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectral data as well as chemical test results. Structure-activity relationships were based on the structural differences among the compounds. The cytotoxicity of the extracts and compounds (1, 2, 3, and 4) was evaluated in HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma) cell line while the trypanocidal activities were evaluated on Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Results: Two acridone alkaloids, 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methylacridin-9 (10H)-one, named fabiocinine (1), and 1-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-10-methylacridin-9 (10H)-one (arborinine, 2), together with a furoquinoline alkaloid, skimmianine (3), and a chelerythrine derivative, 6-acetonyl-5,6-dihydrochelerythrine (4) were isolated from the root bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii. Skimmianine (3) exhibited cytotoxicity and anti-trypanosomal IC50 of 12.8 and 13.2 µg/mL respectively (p less than 0.05). Compound (1) and arborinine (2) were selectively cytotoxic to HeLa cells with cytotoxicity IC50 of 28.49 and 62.71 µg/mL, respectively, while (4) did not show significant activity (p less than 0.05). Conclusion: Zanthoxylum leprieurii root bark contains cytotoxic and trypanocidal compounds, and is thus a potential source of anti-cancer and anti-trypanosomal leads.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Increasing temperatures increase the risk of reproductive failure in a near threatened alpine groundnesting bird, the Cape Rockjumper Chaetops frenatus:
- Oswald, Krista N, Diener, Elizabeth F, Diener, John P, Cunningham, Susan J, Smit, Ben, Lee, Alan T K
- Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Diener, Elizabeth F , Diener, John P , Cunningham, Susan J , Smit, Ben , Lee, Alan T K
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149324 , vital:38825 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/ibi.12846
- Description: A major cause of reproductive failure in birds is nest predation. Predation risk depends on predator type, as predators vary in their ecology and sensory modalities (e.g. visual vs. olfactory). Snakes (generally olfactory predators) are a major nest predator for small birds, with predation strongly associated with higher temperatures. We investigated nest survival in a ground‐nesting alpine species, the Cape Rockjumper Chaetops frenatus , endemic to alpine fynbos in southwestern South Africa. We collected 3 years of nest data, testing whether nest survival was related to (1) habitat stage (early post‐fire vs. late post‐fire habitat, ≤ 3 and > 3 years since fire respectively), (2) nest concealment and (3) temperature. We found that nests had better survival at lower temperatures, with snake predation (our main source of predation) increasing in higher temperatures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Diener, Elizabeth F , Diener, John P , Cunningham, Susan J , Smit, Ben , Lee, Alan T K
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149324 , vital:38825 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/ibi.12846
- Description: A major cause of reproductive failure in birds is nest predation. Predation risk depends on predator type, as predators vary in their ecology and sensory modalities (e.g. visual vs. olfactory). Snakes (generally olfactory predators) are a major nest predator for small birds, with predation strongly associated with higher temperatures. We investigated nest survival in a ground‐nesting alpine species, the Cape Rockjumper Chaetops frenatus , endemic to alpine fynbos in southwestern South Africa. We collected 3 years of nest data, testing whether nest survival was related to (1) habitat stage (early post‐fire vs. late post‐fire habitat, ≤ 3 and > 3 years since fire respectively), (2) nest concealment and (3) temperature. We found that nests had better survival at lower temperatures, with snake predation (our main source of predation) increasing in higher temperatures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
PKS 2250−351: A Giant Radio Galaxy in Abell 3936
- Seymour, N, Huynh, M, Shabala, S S, Rogers, J, Davies, L J M, Turner, R J, O'Brien, A, Ishwara-Chandra, C H, Thorne, J E, Galvin, T J, Jarrett, T, Anderbach, H, Anderson, A, Bunton, J, Chow, K, Collier, J D, Driver, S, Filipovic, M D, Gurkan, G, Hopkins, A M, Kapinska, A D, Leahy, D A, Marvil, J, Manojlovic, P, Norris, R P, Phillips, C, Robotham, A, Rudnick, L, Singh, V, White, S V
- Authors: Seymour, N , Huynh, M , Shabala, S S , Rogers, J , Davies, L J M , Turner, R J , O'Brien, A , Ishwara-Chandra, C H , Thorne, J E , Galvin, T J , Jarrett, T , Anderbach, H , Anderson, A , Bunton, J , Chow, K , Collier, J D , Driver, S , Filipovic, M D , Gurkan, G , Hopkins, A M , Kapinska, A D , Leahy, D A , Marvil, J , Manojlovic, P , Norris, R P , Phillips, C , Robotham, A , Rudnick, L , Singh, V , White, S V
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150320 , vital:38967 , https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2019.49
- Description: We present a detailed analysis of the radio galaxy PKS , a giant of 1.2 Mpc projected size, its host galaxy, and its environment. We use radio data from the Murchison Widefield Array, the upgraded Giant Metre-wavelength Radio Telescope, the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array to model the jet power and age. Optical and IR data come from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey and provide information on the host galaxy and environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Seymour, N , Huynh, M , Shabala, S S , Rogers, J , Davies, L J M , Turner, R J , O'Brien, A , Ishwara-Chandra, C H , Thorne, J E , Galvin, T J , Jarrett, T , Anderbach, H , Anderson, A , Bunton, J , Chow, K , Collier, J D , Driver, S , Filipovic, M D , Gurkan, G , Hopkins, A M , Kapinska, A D , Leahy, D A , Marvil, J , Manojlovic, P , Norris, R P , Phillips, C , Robotham, A , Rudnick, L , Singh, V , White, S V
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150320 , vital:38967 , https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2019.49
- Description: We present a detailed analysis of the radio galaxy PKS , a giant of 1.2 Mpc projected size, its host galaxy, and its environment. We use radio data from the Murchison Widefield Array, the upgraded Giant Metre-wavelength Radio Telescope, the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array to model the jet power and age. Optical and IR data come from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey and provide information on the host galaxy and environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Implementing prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD in a context of ongoing adversity: a clinical case study
- Booysen, Duane D, Kagee, Ashraf
- Authors: Booysen, Duane D , Kagee, Ashraf
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149275 , vital:38821 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/1534650120925918
- Description: Obstacles regarding the implementation of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) for mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) still require further investigation. One notable obstacle is whether persons in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) residing in a context of ongoing adversity would benefit from an EST for PTSD. We reflect on the utility of a brief prolonged exposure intervention at a primary care community-counseling center in South Africa. “Sam,” a 45-year-old, female was assessed at baseline, during treatment, postassessment, and at 3-month follow-up. At the beginning of treatment, Sam had a positive diagnosis for PTSD (PSSI-5 = 55, and cutoff is 23) and at the end of treatment (PSSI-5 = 17), and 3-month follow-up (PSSI-5 = 21), she had a negative diagnosis for PTSD. We reflect on the mediating effects that contextual factors such as gang violence had on the treatment process and the feasibility of implementing ESTs for PTSD in LMICs under conditions of ongoing adversity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Booysen, Duane D , Kagee, Ashraf
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149275 , vital:38821 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/1534650120925918
- Description: Obstacles regarding the implementation of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) for mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) still require further investigation. One notable obstacle is whether persons in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) residing in a context of ongoing adversity would benefit from an EST for PTSD. We reflect on the utility of a brief prolonged exposure intervention at a primary care community-counseling center in South Africa. “Sam,” a 45-year-old, female was assessed at baseline, during treatment, postassessment, and at 3-month follow-up. At the beginning of treatment, Sam had a positive diagnosis for PTSD (PSSI-5 = 55, and cutoff is 23) and at the end of treatment (PSSI-5 = 17), and 3-month follow-up (PSSI-5 = 21), she had a negative diagnosis for PTSD. We reflect on the mediating effects that contextual factors such as gang violence had on the treatment process and the feasibility of implementing ESTs for PTSD in LMICs under conditions of ongoing adversity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Cross-sectional study of prevalence and determinants of uncontrolled hypertension among South African adult residents of Mkhondo municipality
- Masilela, Charity, Pearce, Brendon, Ongole, Joven Jebio, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Benjeddou, Mongi
- Authors: Masilela, Charity , Pearce, Brendon , Ongole, Joven Jebio , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Benjeddou, Mongi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Blood pressure control , Dyslipidaemia , Uncontrolled hypertension
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4481 , vital:44124 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09174-7
- Description: Achieving the blood pressure treatment target in individuals with hypertension is a serious global health challenge. Furthermore, the actual burden of uncontrolled hypertension is poorly understood, especially in the developing countries. Therefore, this study comprehensively examined the prevalence and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension in individuals receiving care at the primary healthcare facilities in the rural areas of Mkhondo Municipality in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 329 individuals attending care for hypertension were recruited from January 2019 to June 2019 at three primary healthcare centres, namely, Piet Retief hospital, Mkhondo town clinic and Thandukukhanya community health centre. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg in accordance with the South African Hypertension Society guideline (2014). Multiple logistic regression (Forward LR method) analysis was used to identify the significant determinants of uncontrolled hypertension. Results: The majority of the participants were 55 years old and above (69.0%), Zulus (81.2%), non-smokers (84.19%) and had been diagnosed with hypertension for more than a year prior to the study (72.64%). The overall prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 56.83% (n = 187) with no significant difference between sexes, 57.38% male versus 56.88% female, respectively. In the multiple logistic regression model analysis after adjusting for confounding variables, obesity (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI 1.66–5.05), physical activity (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI 2.15–10.65) and HDL-C (AOR = 5.66; 95% CI 3.33–9.60) were the significant and independent determinants of uncontrolled hypertension in the cohort. Conclusion: The high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in the study setting can be largely attributed to obesity, physical activity and dyslipidaemia. Treatment will require the collaborative efforts of individuals, clinicians and health authorities. All these determinants should be addressed decisively so as to achieve the treatment blood pressure targets in the study population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Masilela, Charity , Pearce, Brendon , Ongole, Joven Jebio , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Benjeddou, Mongi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Blood pressure control , Dyslipidaemia , Uncontrolled hypertension
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4481 , vital:44124 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09174-7
- Description: Achieving the blood pressure treatment target in individuals with hypertension is a serious global health challenge. Furthermore, the actual burden of uncontrolled hypertension is poorly understood, especially in the developing countries. Therefore, this study comprehensively examined the prevalence and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension in individuals receiving care at the primary healthcare facilities in the rural areas of Mkhondo Municipality in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 329 individuals attending care for hypertension were recruited from January 2019 to June 2019 at three primary healthcare centres, namely, Piet Retief hospital, Mkhondo town clinic and Thandukukhanya community health centre. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg in accordance with the South African Hypertension Society guideline (2014). Multiple logistic regression (Forward LR method) analysis was used to identify the significant determinants of uncontrolled hypertension. Results: The majority of the participants were 55 years old and above (69.0%), Zulus (81.2%), non-smokers (84.19%) and had been diagnosed with hypertension for more than a year prior to the study (72.64%). The overall prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 56.83% (n = 187) with no significant difference between sexes, 57.38% male versus 56.88% female, respectively. In the multiple logistic regression model analysis after adjusting for confounding variables, obesity (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI 1.66–5.05), physical activity (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI 2.15–10.65) and HDL-C (AOR = 5.66; 95% CI 3.33–9.60) were the significant and independent determinants of uncontrolled hypertension in the cohort. Conclusion: The high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in the study setting can be largely attributed to obesity, physical activity and dyslipidaemia. Treatment will require the collaborative efforts of individuals, clinicians and health authorities. All these determinants should be addressed decisively so as to achieve the treatment blood pressure targets in the study population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Privacy risk and the use of Facebook Apps: a gender-focused vulnerability assessment
- van der Schyff, Karl, Flowerday, Stephen, Furnell, Steven
- Authors: van der Schyff, Karl , Flowerday, Stephen , Furnell, Steven
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149054 , vital:38800 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2020.101866
- Description: The surveillance and subsequent privacy risks (i.e., misuse of personal information) of Facebook App data constitute a persistent problem that affects millions of users. However, despite Facebook App research on specifics such as privacy concerns, value of information, and demographics, none of them has conducted vulnerability assessments on the use of Facebook Apps as influenced by specific factors such as age, gender, and information privacy attitudes. As such, the purpose of this study was to predict the extent to which these factors influence an individual's intention to continue using Facebook Apps as part of a gender-focused vulnerability assessment. We evaluate two hypotheses by way of ordinal logistic regression using data gathered from 621 respondents. The results are indicative of the following: First, females are particularly vulnerable to privacy risks as a function of continued use of Facebook Apps. More specifically, those risks related to Facebook's access to personal information. Second, results indicate that a user's age is nonsignificant in relation to the continued use of Facebook Apps. We conclude with several theoretical and practice-oriented information privacy recommendations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: van der Schyff, Karl , Flowerday, Stephen , Furnell, Steven
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149054 , vital:38800 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2020.101866
- Description: The surveillance and subsequent privacy risks (i.e., misuse of personal information) of Facebook App data constitute a persistent problem that affects millions of users. However, despite Facebook App research on specifics such as privacy concerns, value of information, and demographics, none of them has conducted vulnerability assessments on the use of Facebook Apps as influenced by specific factors such as age, gender, and information privacy attitudes. As such, the purpose of this study was to predict the extent to which these factors influence an individual's intention to continue using Facebook Apps as part of a gender-focused vulnerability assessment. We evaluate two hypotheses by way of ordinal logistic regression using data gathered from 621 respondents. The results are indicative of the following: First, females are particularly vulnerable to privacy risks as a function of continued use of Facebook Apps. More specifically, those risks related to Facebook's access to personal information. Second, results indicate that a user's age is nonsignificant in relation to the continued use of Facebook Apps. We conclude with several theoretical and practice-oriented information privacy recommendations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
"Knowing With": New Rhodes Board Navigates Collaboration, Intimacy, and Solidarity
- Baasch, Rachel M, Fọlárànmí, Stephen, Koide, Emi, Kakande, Angelo, Simbao, Ruth K
- Authors: Baasch, Rachel M , Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Koide, Emi , Kakande, Angelo , Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147514 , vital:38645 , https://doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00523
- Description: Rhodes University (or UCKAR), based in Makhanda, South Africa, joined the African Arts editorial consortium in 2016 and its first journal issue—vol. 50, no. 2—was published in 2017. Initially the board was run by Ruth Simbao, with the aim of developing collaborations with other scholars, particularly those based on the African continent and within the global south (Simbao 2017: 1). For the second Rhodes issue (Summer 2018), Simbao worked with Guest Board Member Amanda Tumusiime from Makerere University, and for the third Rhodes issue (Summer 2019) she collaborated with Stephen Folárànmí from Obáfémi Awólówò University, Ilé-Ifè, Nigeria, who at the time was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Rhodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Baasch, Rachel M , Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Koide, Emi , Kakande, Angelo , Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147514 , vital:38645 , https://doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00523
- Description: Rhodes University (or UCKAR), based in Makhanda, South Africa, joined the African Arts editorial consortium in 2016 and its first journal issue—vol. 50, no. 2—was published in 2017. Initially the board was run by Ruth Simbao, with the aim of developing collaborations with other scholars, particularly those based on the African continent and within the global south (Simbao 2017: 1). For the second Rhodes issue (Summer 2018), Simbao worked with Guest Board Member Amanda Tumusiime from Makerere University, and for the third Rhodes issue (Summer 2019) she collaborated with Stephen Folárànmí from Obáfémi Awólówò University, Ilé-Ifè, Nigeria, who at the time was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Rhodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Determining the unbinding events and conserved motions associated with the pyrazinamide release due to resistance mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pyrazinamidase:
- Amamuddy, Olivier S, Musyoka, Thommas M, Boateng, Rita A, Zabo, Sophakama, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Amamuddy, Olivier S , Musyoka, Thommas M , Boateng, Rita A , Zabo, Sophakama , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148869 , vital:38781 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2020.05.0099
- Description: Pyrazinamide (PZA) is the only first-line antitubercular drug active against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is activated to pyrazinoic acid by the pncA-encoded pyrazinamidase enzyme (PZase). Despite the emergence of PZA drug resistance, the underlying mechanisms of resistance remain unclear. This study investigated part of these mechanisms by modelling a PZA-bound wild type and 82 mutant PZase structures before applying molecular dynamics (MD) with an accurate Fe2+ cofactor coordination geometry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Amamuddy, Olivier S , Musyoka, Thommas M , Boateng, Rita A , Zabo, Sophakama , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148869 , vital:38781 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2020.05.0099
- Description: Pyrazinamide (PZA) is the only first-line antitubercular drug active against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is activated to pyrazinoic acid by the pncA-encoded pyrazinamidase enzyme (PZase). Despite the emergence of PZA drug resistance, the underlying mechanisms of resistance remain unclear. This study investigated part of these mechanisms by modelling a PZA-bound wild type and 82 mutant PZase structures before applying molecular dynamics (MD) with an accurate Fe2+ cofactor coordination geometry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Data on microhardness and structural analysis of friction stir spot welded lap joints of AA5083-H116
- Esther T. Akinlabi, Ayuba S. Osinubi b, Nkosinathi Madushele b, Stephen A. Akinlabi c, Omolayo M. Ikumapayi d,∗
- Authors: Esther T. Akinlabi , Ayuba S. Osinubi b , Nkosinathi Madushele b , Stephen A. Akinlabi c , Omolayo M. Ikumapayi d,∗
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3260 , vital:43286 , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340920314669
- Description: Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) was established to compete reasonably with the reverting, bolting, adhesive bonding as well as resistance spot welding (RSW) which have been used in the past for lap joining in automobile, aerospace, marine, railways, defence and shipbuilding industries. The use of these ancient and conventional joining techniques had led to increasing material cost, installation labour, and additional weight in the aircraft, shipbuilding, and other areas of applications. All these are disadvantages that can be overcome using FSSW. This research work carried out friction stir spot welding on 5058-H116 aluminium alloy by employing rotational speed in the step of 300 rpm ranges from 600 rpm to 1200 rpm with a no travel speed. It was noted that the dwell times were in the step of 5 s varying from 5 s to 15 s while the tool plunge rate was maintained at 30 mm/min. In this dataset, a cylindrical tapered rotating H13 Hot-working steel tool was used with a probe length of 5 mm and probe diameter of 6 mm, it has a shoulder diameter of 18 mm. The tool penetration depth (plunge) was maintained at 0.2 mm and the tool tilt angle at 2°. Structural integrity was car-ried out using Rigaku ultima IV multifunctional X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with a scan voltage of 40 kV and scan current of 30 mA. This was used to determine crystallite sizes, peak intensity, d-spacing, full width at half maximum intensity (FWHM) of the diffraction peak. TH713 digital microhardness equipment with diamond indenter was used for microhardness data acquisition following ASTM E92–82 standard test. The average Vickers hardness data values at different zones of the spot-welds were captured and presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Data on microhardness and structural analysis of friction stir spot welded lap joints of AA5083-H116
- Authors: Esther T. Akinlabi , Ayuba S. Osinubi b , Nkosinathi Madushele b , Stephen A. Akinlabi c , Omolayo M. Ikumapayi d,∗
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3260 , vital:43286 , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340920314669
- Description: Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) was established to compete reasonably with the reverting, bolting, adhesive bonding as well as resistance spot welding (RSW) which have been used in the past for lap joining in automobile, aerospace, marine, railways, defence and shipbuilding industries. The use of these ancient and conventional joining techniques had led to increasing material cost, installation labour, and additional weight in the aircraft, shipbuilding, and other areas of applications. All these are disadvantages that can be overcome using FSSW. This research work carried out friction stir spot welding on 5058-H116 aluminium alloy by employing rotational speed in the step of 300 rpm ranges from 600 rpm to 1200 rpm with a no travel speed. It was noted that the dwell times were in the step of 5 s varying from 5 s to 15 s while the tool plunge rate was maintained at 30 mm/min. In this dataset, a cylindrical tapered rotating H13 Hot-working steel tool was used with a probe length of 5 mm and probe diameter of 6 mm, it has a shoulder diameter of 18 mm. The tool penetration depth (plunge) was maintained at 0.2 mm and the tool tilt angle at 2°. Structural integrity was car-ried out using Rigaku ultima IV multifunctional X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with a scan voltage of 40 kV and scan current of 30 mA. This was used to determine crystallite sizes, peak intensity, d-spacing, full width at half maximum intensity (FWHM) of the diffraction peak. TH713 digital microhardness equipment with diamond indenter was used for microhardness data acquisition following ASTM E92–82 standard test. The average Vickers hardness data values at different zones of the spot-welds were captured and presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Ethics in context
- Burningham, Kate, Venn, Susan, Hayward, Bronwyn, Aoyagi, Midori, Hasan, Mohammed Mehedi, Mattar, Helio, Schudel, Ingrid J, Yoshida, Aya
- Authors: Burningham, Kate , Venn, Susan , Hayward, Bronwyn , Aoyagi, Midori , Hasan, Mohammed Mehedi , Mattar, Helio , Schudel, Ingrid J , Yoshida, Aya
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294364 , vital:57215 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2019.1672282"
- Description: Existing literatures have discussed both ethical issues in visual research with young people, and the problems associated with applying ‘universal’ ethical guidelines across varied cultural contexts. There has been little consideration, however, of specific issues raised in projects where visual research is being conducted with young people simultaneously in multiple national contexts. This paper contributes to knowledge in this area. We reflect on our experiences of planning and conducting the International CYCLES project involving photo elicitation with young people in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa and the UK. While some issues such as varying access to technology for taking and sharing photos and diverse cultural sensitivities around the use of photography were anticipated in advance, others were more unexpected. Balancing the need for methods to be appropriate, ethical and feasible within each setting with the desire for sufficient consistency across the project is challenging. We argue that an ‘ethics in context’ approach and an attitude of ‘methodological immaturity’ is critical in international visual research projects with young people.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Burningham, Kate , Venn, Susan , Hayward, Bronwyn , Aoyagi, Midori , Hasan, Mohammed Mehedi , Mattar, Helio , Schudel, Ingrid J , Yoshida, Aya
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294364 , vital:57215 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2019.1672282"
- Description: Existing literatures have discussed both ethical issues in visual research with young people, and the problems associated with applying ‘universal’ ethical guidelines across varied cultural contexts. There has been little consideration, however, of specific issues raised in projects where visual research is being conducted with young people simultaneously in multiple national contexts. This paper contributes to knowledge in this area. We reflect on our experiences of planning and conducting the International CYCLES project involving photo elicitation with young people in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa and the UK. While some issues such as varying access to technology for taking and sharing photos and diverse cultural sensitivities around the use of photography were anticipated in advance, others were more unexpected. Balancing the need for methods to be appropriate, ethical and feasible within each setting with the desire for sufficient consistency across the project is challenging. We argue that an ‘ethics in context’ approach and an attitude of ‘methodological immaturity’ is critical in international visual research projects with young people.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in adults: 2020 update
- Authors: David Stead
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3281 , vital:43293 , https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1115
- Description: What is new in the 2020 guidelines update? Key updates ÿ A recommendation for dolutegravir (DTG)-based therapies as the preferred first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) option (section 11). ÿ Updated guidelines for second- and third-line ART regimens (section 13). ÿ New recommendations on the management of patients on DTG-based therapies who have an elevated viral load (section 12). ÿ A lowering of the threshold for virological failure from 1000 copies/mL to 50 copies/mL (section 8). ÿ A recommendation against routine cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) monitoring in patients who are clinically well once the CD4+ count is > 200 cells/μL (section 9). ÿ Updated recommendations for isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients (section 27). ÿ A recommendation for the use of low-dose prednisone as prophylaxis for paradoxical tuberculosis (TB) immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in TB/HIV co-infected patients commencing ART within 1 month of TB therapy (section 26).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in adults: 2020 update
- Authors: David Stead
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3281 , vital:43293 , https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1115
- Description: What is new in the 2020 guidelines update? Key updates ÿ A recommendation for dolutegravir (DTG)-based therapies as the preferred first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) option (section 11). ÿ Updated guidelines for second- and third-line ART regimens (section 13). ÿ New recommendations on the management of patients on DTG-based therapies who have an elevated viral load (section 12). ÿ A lowering of the threshold for virological failure from 1000 copies/mL to 50 copies/mL (section 8). ÿ A recommendation against routine cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) monitoring in patients who are clinically well once the CD4+ count is > 200 cells/μL (section 9). ÿ Updated recommendations for isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients (section 27). ÿ A recommendation for the use of low-dose prednisone as prophylaxis for paradoxical tuberculosis (TB) immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in TB/HIV co-infected patients commencing ART within 1 month of TB therapy (section 26).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Urban foraging of wild plants in two medium-sized South African towns: People, perceptions and practices
- Garekae, Hesekia, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Garekae, Hesekia , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176333 , vital:42685 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126581
- Description: Urban ecosystems provide goods and services critical to livelihood sustenance, environmental protection and sustainability. However, the potential role of some urban ecosystem services such as the provisioning services, to promote liveable cities and livelihood resilience is seldom considered. This study reports on the prevalence and pattern of wild plant foraging and uses in the towns of Potchefstroom and Thabazimbi, South Africa, based on a random sample of 374 households. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysing data. Foraging wild plants was integral to livelihoods and traditions and provided household energy, dietary diversity, health, and cultural affirmation, among others. About 68 % of the respondents reported foraging wild plants, albeit at varying degrees between and within towns.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Garekae, Hesekia , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176333 , vital:42685 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126581
- Description: Urban ecosystems provide goods and services critical to livelihood sustenance, environmental protection and sustainability. However, the potential role of some urban ecosystem services such as the provisioning services, to promote liveable cities and livelihood resilience is seldom considered. This study reports on the prevalence and pattern of wild plant foraging and uses in the towns of Potchefstroom and Thabazimbi, South Africa, based on a random sample of 374 households. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysing data. Foraging wild plants was integral to livelihoods and traditions and provided household energy, dietary diversity, health, and cultural affirmation, among others. About 68 % of the respondents reported foraging wild plants, albeit at varying degrees between and within towns.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020