Evaluation of Gratiana spadicea (Klug, 1829) and Metriona elatior (Klug, 1829) (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) for the biological control of sticky nightshade Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae) in South Africa
- Authors: Hill, Martin Patrick
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Solanaceae Solanaceae -- Biological control Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae -- Host plants Cassida
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5688 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005374 , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-5298
- Description: Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) is a shrubby weed of South American origin that was introduced to South Africa at the turn of the century. Despite being indicative of disturbed habitats, the weed was found to be invasive in conservation, agricultural recreational and suburban areas; this, coupled with the failure of both chemical and mechanical control attempts suggested that the weed was a good candidate for biological control. A biological control programme which followed a standard protocol was initiated. Observations suggested that S. sisymbriifolium dispersed primarily by seeds. Plants produced large quantities of fleshy fruit, favoured by frugivorous birds, which facilitated the rapid spread of the weed into new habitats. The seeds germinated quickly, especially in disturbed soil, often below the parent plant where they dropped from burst fruit, and along fences where birds roost. The pre-introductory survey of the weed revealed that S. sisymbriifolium was attacked by a relatively small number of, mainly polyphagous, herbivorous insects. These were localised and sporadic in incidence and inflicted very little observable damage. The herbivore fauna of S. sisymbriifolium was depauperate even in relation to two other exotic weeds, S. elaeaglllfolium and S. mauritianum, in South Africa. The paucity of native herbivores on S. sisymbriifoliwn was ascribed to a combination of the weed's taxonomic distinctness from South African Solanum species, and the dense covering of glandular trichomes on its leaves. Although it was shown that the exudate produced by these glandular trichomes of S. sisymbriifolium seriously impeded the movement and feeding of native herbivores, there was not enough evidence to suggest that the glandular trichomes, alone could have been responsible the lack of herbivores on the weed. Two leaf-feeding Cassidinae Gratiana spadicea and MetJ-iona elatior were screened as agents for the biological control of S. sisymbrilfolium. Favourable biological characteristics for both species included a high rate of increase, long-lived adults, many generations per year, and a high per capita feeding rate. Host range was investigated in larval survival tests and adult choice tests. The larvae of both species were reared through to the adult stage on several of the native Solanum species tested, and also on eggplant (S. melongena). However, the survival of G. spadicea on the majority of these species was very low, suggesting that the beetles would be unlikely to attack them in the field. This was supported by the adult choice tests, where G. spadicea females displayed, a strong oviposition preference for their natural host. In contrast, M. elatior larvae survived well on non-host plants, and the females selected several non-host species, including eggplant for oviposition. It was argued that the conflict of interests involving eggplant was overrated because eggplant is subjected to a stringent insecticide spray regime. Based on this evidence, permission for release was granted for G. spadicea. The impact of native parasitoid host range extensions to weed biological control agents in South Africa was investigated. Native parasitoids were recorded from nearly half of the agent species that had established on their target weed. The level of concealment and taxon influenced susceptibility of the agents to parasitoid attack Poorly concealed endophagous agents were most susceptible to attack, while exposed feeders were fairly free from attack. However, native parasitoids were reported not to strongly influence weed biological control agent populations and it was concluded that no agent should be rejected based only on its susceptibility to native parasitoid attack. Finally, several predictions are made as to the potential success of G. spadicea on S. sisymbriifolium and some of the challenges facing the biological control of weeds are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Hill, Martin Patrick
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Solanaceae Solanaceae -- Biological control Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae -- Host plants Cassida
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5688 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005374 , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-5298
- Description: Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) is a shrubby weed of South American origin that was introduced to South Africa at the turn of the century. Despite being indicative of disturbed habitats, the weed was found to be invasive in conservation, agricultural recreational and suburban areas; this, coupled with the failure of both chemical and mechanical control attempts suggested that the weed was a good candidate for biological control. A biological control programme which followed a standard protocol was initiated. Observations suggested that S. sisymbriifolium dispersed primarily by seeds. Plants produced large quantities of fleshy fruit, favoured by frugivorous birds, which facilitated the rapid spread of the weed into new habitats. The seeds germinated quickly, especially in disturbed soil, often below the parent plant where they dropped from burst fruit, and along fences where birds roost. The pre-introductory survey of the weed revealed that S. sisymbriifolium was attacked by a relatively small number of, mainly polyphagous, herbivorous insects. These were localised and sporadic in incidence and inflicted very little observable damage. The herbivore fauna of S. sisymbriifolium was depauperate even in relation to two other exotic weeds, S. elaeaglllfolium and S. mauritianum, in South Africa. The paucity of native herbivores on S. sisymbriifoliwn was ascribed to a combination of the weed's taxonomic distinctness from South African Solanum species, and the dense covering of glandular trichomes on its leaves. Although it was shown that the exudate produced by these glandular trichomes of S. sisymbriifolium seriously impeded the movement and feeding of native herbivores, there was not enough evidence to suggest that the glandular trichomes, alone could have been responsible the lack of herbivores on the weed. Two leaf-feeding Cassidinae Gratiana spadicea and MetJ-iona elatior were screened as agents for the biological control of S. sisymbrilfolium. Favourable biological characteristics for both species included a high rate of increase, long-lived adults, many generations per year, and a high per capita feeding rate. Host range was investigated in larval survival tests and adult choice tests. The larvae of both species were reared through to the adult stage on several of the native Solanum species tested, and also on eggplant (S. melongena). However, the survival of G. spadicea on the majority of these species was very low, suggesting that the beetles would be unlikely to attack them in the field. This was supported by the adult choice tests, where G. spadicea females displayed, a strong oviposition preference for their natural host. In contrast, M. elatior larvae survived well on non-host plants, and the females selected several non-host species, including eggplant for oviposition. It was argued that the conflict of interests involving eggplant was overrated because eggplant is subjected to a stringent insecticide spray regime. Based on this evidence, permission for release was granted for G. spadicea. The impact of native parasitoid host range extensions to weed biological control agents in South Africa was investigated. Native parasitoids were recorded from nearly half of the agent species that had established on their target weed. The level of concealment and taxon influenced susceptibility of the agents to parasitoid attack Poorly concealed endophagous agents were most susceptible to attack, while exposed feeders were fairly free from attack. However, native parasitoids were reported not to strongly influence weed biological control agent populations and it was concluded that no agent should be rejected based only on its susceptibility to native parasitoid attack. Finally, several predictions are made as to the potential success of G. spadicea on S. sisymbriifolium and some of the challenges facing the biological control of weeds are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Progestin receptor heterogeneity in a breast cancer cell line
- Authors: Levy, Anita Rochelle
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Breast -- Cancer , Hormone receptors , Cancer cells -- Growth -- Regulation , Progesterone -- Receptors , Cellular control mechanisms
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4039 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004100 , Breast -- Cancer , Hormone receptors , Cancer cells -- Growth -- Regulation , Progesterone -- Receptors , Cellular control mechanisms
- Description: Anti-oestrogens act via the oestrogen receptor whether they compete with the hormone for binding to the receptor and therefore interfere with DNA binding or inhibit transcriptional activity. These receptors exist as a large 85 complex and/or a small 45 form on sucrose density gradients. High performance ion-exchange chromatography has confirmed that the oestrogen and progestin complex is present in various isoforms. Progestin receptor heterogeneity could be influenced by the presence of oestrogens and anti-oestrogens in the culture media of hormone-dependent neoplastic cells. Cell culture methods offer the opportunity to test effects of specified components in repeated experiments on a homogeneous population of cells. MCF-7 and T47-D human breast cancer cell lines were conditioned to grow in a serum-free environment. There was no difference in cell proliferation rates, nor in their oestrogen or progestin receptor levels when compared to the same cells grown in conventional media. Receptors were present mainly in the large molecular 85 form. Both the MCF-7 and T47-D breast cancer cells showed an increase in proliferation rate with the addition of oestrogen or diethylstilbestrol. There was a corresponding loss of progestin receptor levels and an alteration in the high performance ion-exchange isoforms. Flow cytometry confirmed differences in the S-phase components of the cells following exposure to oestrogens. The proliferation rates of the cell lines as well as their progestin receptor levels decreased when treated with tamoxifen or the hydroxylated tamoxifen. There were marked changes on high performance ion-exchange chromatography profiles. DNA ploidy and S-phase showed signs of toxicity and there was an increase in cellular debris. The MCF-7 and T47-D human breast cancer cell line retained response to antioestrogen saturation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Levy, Anita Rochelle
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Breast -- Cancer , Hormone receptors , Cancer cells -- Growth -- Regulation , Progesterone -- Receptors , Cellular control mechanisms
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4039 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004100 , Breast -- Cancer , Hormone receptors , Cancer cells -- Growth -- Regulation , Progesterone -- Receptors , Cellular control mechanisms
- Description: Anti-oestrogens act via the oestrogen receptor whether they compete with the hormone for binding to the receptor and therefore interfere with DNA binding or inhibit transcriptional activity. These receptors exist as a large 85 complex and/or a small 45 form on sucrose density gradients. High performance ion-exchange chromatography has confirmed that the oestrogen and progestin complex is present in various isoforms. Progestin receptor heterogeneity could be influenced by the presence of oestrogens and anti-oestrogens in the culture media of hormone-dependent neoplastic cells. Cell culture methods offer the opportunity to test effects of specified components in repeated experiments on a homogeneous population of cells. MCF-7 and T47-D human breast cancer cell lines were conditioned to grow in a serum-free environment. There was no difference in cell proliferation rates, nor in their oestrogen or progestin receptor levels when compared to the same cells grown in conventional media. Receptors were present mainly in the large molecular 85 form. Both the MCF-7 and T47-D breast cancer cells showed an increase in proliferation rate with the addition of oestrogen or diethylstilbestrol. There was a corresponding loss of progestin receptor levels and an alteration in the high performance ion-exchange isoforms. Flow cytometry confirmed differences in the S-phase components of the cells following exposure to oestrogens. The proliferation rates of the cell lines as well as their progestin receptor levels decreased when treated with tamoxifen or the hydroxylated tamoxifen. There were marked changes on high performance ion-exchange chromatography profiles. DNA ploidy and S-phase showed signs of toxicity and there was an increase in cellular debris. The MCF-7 and T47-D human breast cancer cell line retained response to antioestrogen saturation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
In defence of freedom
- NUM
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149565 , vital:38864
- Description: This book was produced to respond to questions asked by our members during the president’s national RDP mass education tour. It covers our struggle history from as early as 1652 up until the time when Nelson Mandela was inaugurated the first president of a democratic South Africa. The book also attempts to assist comrades to understand what the RDP is and find ways of rebuilding our country after the hard years of apartheid. Workers, particularly from the mining industry will be able to use this book in understanding how their contribution will assist in creating jobs, building more houses etc. We would like you to read this book over and over again and discuss the content with comrades in your branch. The committee will appriaciate any suggestions that you may come up with.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149565 , vital:38864
- Description: This book was produced to respond to questions asked by our members during the president’s national RDP mass education tour. It covers our struggle history from as early as 1652 up until the time when Nelson Mandela was inaugurated the first president of a democratic South Africa. The book also attempts to assist comrades to understand what the RDP is and find ways of rebuilding our country after the hard years of apartheid. Workers, particularly from the mining industry will be able to use this book in understanding how their contribution will assist in creating jobs, building more houses etc. We would like you to read this book over and over again and discuss the content with comrades in your branch. The committee will appriaciate any suggestions that you may come up with.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Coping in two cultures: an ecological study of mentally ill people and their families in rural South Africa
- Authors: Cumes, Heide Ulrike
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Mental illness -- South Africa Xhosa (African people) -- Psychology Xhosa (African people) -- Religion Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2958 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002467
- Description: This study explores severe mental illness in a South African ru~al district, moving, as with a zoom lens, from the macroperspectives of (i) Xhosa culture, and (ii) biomedicine, to the lived experience of the individual. Its methodology, predominantly qualitative, employed anthropological and psychological procedures. The fieldwork (1988-1989)encompassed a three month stay in the village of Msobomvu. Patients continued to be tracked informally until June, 1995. The empirical research has three parts. In part one, the person with a mental illness was contextualized within Xhosa cosmology and social attitudes. The cognitive and social ecologies were tapped through the narratives of high school and university students at different stages of a Western-biased education. Social attitudes regarding mental illness, and confidence in treatment by traditional healers and the hospital, were also evaluated. Traditional attitudes and supernatural beliefs of illness causation persisted in spite of Eurocentric education, with a concurrent increase in the acceptance of Western-type causal explanations commensurate with continued education. Part two considered the the patients in relation to (i) the biomedical framework (the mental and local hospitals), and (ii) their readjustment to the community after hospitalization. Data came from patient charts, interviews with medical staff, and follow-up visits in the villages. Socio-political and economic issues were salient. Part three case-studied people identified by the village residents as having a mental illness. Resources for treatment - traditional healers, mobile clinic, and village health workers - were the focus. The traditional healing system, and biomedicine, were compared for effectiveness, through the course of illness events. While biomedicine was more effective in containing acute psychotic episodes than treatment by the traditional healer, lack of appropriate resources within the biomedical setting had disastrous results for patient compliance and long-term management of the illness, particularly in people with obvious symptoms of bipolar disorder. The mental hospital emerged as an agent of control. While Xhosa culture provided a more tolerant setting for people with a mental illness, the course of severe mental illness was by no means benign, despite research suggesting a more positive outcome for such conditions in the developing world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Cumes, Heide Ulrike
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Mental illness -- South Africa Xhosa (African people) -- Psychology Xhosa (African people) -- Religion Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2958 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002467
- Description: This study explores severe mental illness in a South African ru~al district, moving, as with a zoom lens, from the macroperspectives of (i) Xhosa culture, and (ii) biomedicine, to the lived experience of the individual. Its methodology, predominantly qualitative, employed anthropological and psychological procedures. The fieldwork (1988-1989)encompassed a three month stay in the village of Msobomvu. Patients continued to be tracked informally until June, 1995. The empirical research has three parts. In part one, the person with a mental illness was contextualized within Xhosa cosmology and social attitudes. The cognitive and social ecologies were tapped through the narratives of high school and university students at different stages of a Western-biased education. Social attitudes regarding mental illness, and confidence in treatment by traditional healers and the hospital, were also evaluated. Traditional attitudes and supernatural beliefs of illness causation persisted in spite of Eurocentric education, with a concurrent increase in the acceptance of Western-type causal explanations commensurate with continued education. Part two considered the the patients in relation to (i) the biomedical framework (the mental and local hospitals), and (ii) their readjustment to the community after hospitalization. Data came from patient charts, interviews with medical staff, and follow-up visits in the villages. Socio-political and economic issues were salient. Part three case-studied people identified by the village residents as having a mental illness. Resources for treatment - traditional healers, mobile clinic, and village health workers - were the focus. The traditional healing system, and biomedicine, were compared for effectiveness, through the course of illness events. While biomedicine was more effective in containing acute psychotic episodes than treatment by the traditional healer, lack of appropriate resources within the biomedical setting had disastrous results for patient compliance and long-term management of the illness, particularly in people with obvious symptoms of bipolar disorder. The mental hospital emerged as an agent of control. While Xhosa culture provided a more tolerant setting for people with a mental illness, the course of severe mental illness was by no means benign, despite research suggesting a more positive outcome for such conditions in the developing world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Babe Bo Nadero
- Mamou Sidibe (composer, author, lead singer), MALI K7 S.A. Ali Furka Toure Associe, Bamako
- Authors: Mamou Sidibe (composer, author, lead singer) , MALI K7 S.A. Ali Furka Toure Associe, Bamako
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa, West , Blues (Music) , Africa Mali Bamako f-ml
- Language: Khassonke
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129968 , vital:36351 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC35-07
- Description: Khassonke blues from the Khassonke region of western Mali, performed with guitar, calabash, percussion and voice
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Mamou Sidibe (composer, author, lead singer) , MALI K7 S.A. Ali Furka Toure Associe, Bamako
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa, West , Blues (Music) , Africa Mali Bamako f-ml
- Language: Khassonke
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129968 , vital:36351 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC35-07
- Description: Khassonke blues from the Khassonke region of western Mali, performed with guitar, calabash, percussion and voice
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995
Bottom of Howison's Poort, 6 km SW of Grahamstown, Albany
- Authors: Skead, C J (Cuthbert John)
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Burchellia bubalina -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Type: still image
- Identifier: vital:12247 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013628
- Description: Large, lone Burchellia bubalina shrub on the verge of the N2, a real survivor. Very free flowering at the time but just past best in photo.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Skead, C J (Cuthbert John)
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Burchellia bubalina -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Type: still image
- Identifier: vital:12247 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013628
- Description: Large, lone Burchellia bubalina shrub on the verge of the N2, a real survivor. Very free flowering at the time but just past best in photo.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995
SADTU News - Model C Schools
- SADTU
- Authors: SADTU
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: SADTU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161012 , vital:40580
- Description: Model C Schools have created great controversy in recent educational policy debate. SADTU has joined the fray in opposition to the retention of these schools. Model C is a particular type of state aided school which is different to state aided schools like the farm schools that came under the authority of the former black Department of Education and Training (DET). The latter schools were mostly poorly resourced and inadequately staffed. Model C schools are state aided schools that have governing bodies elected by the parents, with power over a number of key functions of the school. These include control over admissions policy, the power to charge compulsory school fees and to raise funds by other means (e.g. renting out the school's property), the power to decide how the school's money is to be spent (e.g. school maintenance, the hiring of additional teachers and other staff, the buying of books and equipment, and the power to exercise influence over the hiring and disciplining of teachers). The system is unique among state- aided schools in that Model Cs are all former state schools in the privileged white school system. Nearly all inherited a sound infrastructure provided largely by the state in the form of school buildings, grounds, libraries, laboratories etc. They also inherited a well qualified teaching staff, whose training (the best in the country) was also partly the result of public subsidies. Model C has several strengths which has led to the ongoing controversy. Parental participation in the schooling of their children has been mobilised. The governing bodies actually have power over important aspects of the school in contrast to the old comparatively toothless management councils. This, it appears, has ensured that parents, whether they approve of Model C or not, take them much more seriously since the governing bodies can take decisions which materially affect them and their children's education. In addition, this model has mobilised private resources for education and ensured that a relatively high level of provision can be maintained while state funding is decreased. Money thus saved by the state - reportedly about R1 billion - can be diverted to redressing the inadequacies of African education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: SADTU
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: SADTU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161012 , vital:40580
- Description: Model C Schools have created great controversy in recent educational policy debate. SADTU has joined the fray in opposition to the retention of these schools. Model C is a particular type of state aided school which is different to state aided schools like the farm schools that came under the authority of the former black Department of Education and Training (DET). The latter schools were mostly poorly resourced and inadequately staffed. Model C schools are state aided schools that have governing bodies elected by the parents, with power over a number of key functions of the school. These include control over admissions policy, the power to charge compulsory school fees and to raise funds by other means (e.g. renting out the school's property), the power to decide how the school's money is to be spent (e.g. school maintenance, the hiring of additional teachers and other staff, the buying of books and equipment, and the power to exercise influence over the hiring and disciplining of teachers). The system is unique among state- aided schools in that Model Cs are all former state schools in the privileged white school system. Nearly all inherited a sound infrastructure provided largely by the state in the form of school buildings, grounds, libraries, laboratories etc. They also inherited a well qualified teaching staff, whose training (the best in the country) was also partly the result of public subsidies. Model C has several strengths which has led to the ongoing controversy. Parental participation in the schooling of their children has been mobilised. The governing bodies actually have power over important aspects of the school in contrast to the old comparatively toothless management councils. This, it appears, has ensured that parents, whether they approve of Model C or not, take them much more seriously since the governing bodies can take decisions which materially affect them and their children's education. In addition, this model has mobilised private resources for education and ensured that a relatively high level of provision can be maintained while state funding is decreased. Money thus saved by the state - reportedly about R1 billion - can be diverted to redressing the inadequacies of African education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
The analysis of a computer music network and the implementation of essential subsystems
- Authors: Wilks, Antony John
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Computer networks , Computer music , MIDI (Standard)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006682 , Computer networks , Computer music , MIDI (Standard)
- Description: The inability to share resources in commercial and institutional computer music studios results in non-optimal resource utilisation. The use of computers to process, store and communicate data can be extended within these studios, to provide the capability of sharing resources amongst their users. This thesis describes a computer music network which was designed for this purpose. Certain devices had to be custom built for the implementation of the network. The thesis discusses the design and construction of these devices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Wilks, Antony John
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Computer networks , Computer music , MIDI (Standard)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006682 , Computer networks , Computer music , MIDI (Standard)
- Description: The inability to share resources in commercial and institutional computer music studios results in non-optimal resource utilisation. The use of computers to process, store and communicate data can be extended within these studios, to provide the capability of sharing resources amongst their users. This thesis describes a computer music network which was designed for this purpose. Certain devices had to be custom built for the implementation of the network. The thesis discusses the design and construction of these devices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Policy Memo - Renegotiating the SACU agreement
- NALEDI
- Authors: NALEDI
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: NALEDI
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/151381 , vital:39062
- Description: South Africa is in the process of renegotiating the Southern African Customs Union Agreement with Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland. The origins of the Agreement date back to 1889 making this one of the world’s oldest customs union agreements. The present version of the Act dates back to 1969. Since that time various conflicts have arisen between member countries regarding the objectives and operations of the agreement. Given the new political situation and the changing international trade climate, a decision has been made to renegotiate the agreement entirely. Discussions are now underway and these are being co-ordinated through the Customs Union Task Team which comprises representatives of the various countries. The South African government, through the Department of Trade and Industry recently held a workshop in order to brief interested parties. Parties have been invited to comment on the process and the Department has agreed to involve the Nedlac Trade and Industry chamber in any decision about the future of SACU.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: NALEDI
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: NALEDI
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/151381 , vital:39062
- Description: South Africa is in the process of renegotiating the Southern African Customs Union Agreement with Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland. The origins of the Agreement date back to 1889 making this one of the world’s oldest customs union agreements. The present version of the Act dates back to 1969. Since that time various conflicts have arisen between member countries regarding the objectives and operations of the agreement. Given the new political situation and the changing international trade climate, a decision has been made to renegotiate the agreement entirely. Discussions are now underway and these are being co-ordinated through the Customs Union Task Team which comprises representatives of the various countries. The South African government, through the Department of Trade and Industry recently held a workshop in order to brief interested parties. Parties have been invited to comment on the process and the Department has agreed to involve the Nedlac Trade and Industry chamber in any decision about the future of SACU.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Disturbing the neighbours: an investigation into the relationship between psychopathology and social formations
- Authors: Collins, Anthony
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939 , Winnicott, D. W. (Donald Woods), 1896-1971 , Social psychiatry , Social psychology , Psychology, Pathological , Frankfurt school of sociology , Political psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2953 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002462 , Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939 , Winnicott, D. W. (Donald Woods), 1896-1971 , Social psychiatry , Social psychology , Psychology, Pathological , Frankfurt school of sociology , Political psychology
- Description: This work attempts to confront certain political problems created by the individualistic bias in psychoanalytic thinking, and the resulting failure to adequately theorise the importance of social processes. The thesis traces the origins of intrapsychic thinking to Freud's initial move from the seduction theory to the Oedipal theory. This development is offered as a prototype for the debates between conceptualisations of childhood traumatisation as a social problem of actual abuse occurring within dermed power relations, and theories which locate pathology purely within internal conflicts occurring inside the individual. Several criticisms of this shift are offered, and it s impact on later theory is considered. Here a contrast is offered between the theoretical approaches of Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott, arguing for the usefulness of Winnicott's emphasis on environmental factors within psychodynamic theory. The impact of these theoretical approaches is illustrated through a critical evaluation of Freud's case study of Judge Schreber. Additional historical material is brought in to show the importance of environmental considerations ignored by Freud, and contrasting psychodynamic readings of the case are offered. As an alternative to purely intrapsychic approaches, a reinterpretation of certain strands of Critical Theory is then presented. Adorno's theory of the Authoritarian Personality and Marcuse' s concept of One-Dimensional Man are extended using Winnicott's formulations concerning psychological development. This leads to an examination of the question of the relationship between social structure and individual consciousness. Post-structuralist accounts of language and the construction of identity are explored. These are then developed drawing on theories of ideology, language and consciousness, integrating these with Winnicott's developmental theory to offer an alternative psychodynamic understanding of the relationship between social process and psychopathology. An attempt is made to reformulate - the notions of consciousness and the unconscious in terms of the possibilities and difficulties of representation within available social symbolic codes. In conclusion the it is argued that psychology needs to integrate critical social theory and contemporary understandings of the social construction of consciousness in order to become a meaning force in positive social transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Collins, Anthony
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939 , Winnicott, D. W. (Donald Woods), 1896-1971 , Social psychiatry , Social psychology , Psychology, Pathological , Frankfurt school of sociology , Political psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2953 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002462 , Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939 , Winnicott, D. W. (Donald Woods), 1896-1971 , Social psychiatry , Social psychology , Psychology, Pathological , Frankfurt school of sociology , Political psychology
- Description: This work attempts to confront certain political problems created by the individualistic bias in psychoanalytic thinking, and the resulting failure to adequately theorise the importance of social processes. The thesis traces the origins of intrapsychic thinking to Freud's initial move from the seduction theory to the Oedipal theory. This development is offered as a prototype for the debates between conceptualisations of childhood traumatisation as a social problem of actual abuse occurring within dermed power relations, and theories which locate pathology purely within internal conflicts occurring inside the individual. Several criticisms of this shift are offered, and it s impact on later theory is considered. Here a contrast is offered between the theoretical approaches of Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott, arguing for the usefulness of Winnicott's emphasis on environmental factors within psychodynamic theory. The impact of these theoretical approaches is illustrated through a critical evaluation of Freud's case study of Judge Schreber. Additional historical material is brought in to show the importance of environmental considerations ignored by Freud, and contrasting psychodynamic readings of the case are offered. As an alternative to purely intrapsychic approaches, a reinterpretation of certain strands of Critical Theory is then presented. Adorno's theory of the Authoritarian Personality and Marcuse' s concept of One-Dimensional Man are extended using Winnicott's formulations concerning psychological development. This leads to an examination of the question of the relationship between social structure and individual consciousness. Post-structuralist accounts of language and the construction of identity are explored. These are then developed drawing on theories of ideology, language and consciousness, integrating these with Winnicott's developmental theory to offer an alternative psychodynamic understanding of the relationship between social process and psychopathology. An attempt is made to reformulate - the notions of consciousness and the unconscious in terms of the possibilities and difficulties of representation within available social symbolic codes. In conclusion the it is argued that psychology needs to integrate critical social theory and contemporary understandings of the social construction of consciousness in order to become a meaning force in positive social transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A taxonomic study of Senecio speciosus, Senecio macrocephalus and possible hybrid populations using morphological data, toxicty tests and chromatography
- Authors: Lewis, Gillian Elizabeth
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Senecio , Senecio -- Analysis , Shrimps , Artemia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4209 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003778
- Description: The variation between populations of Senecio speciosus Willd., Senecio macrocephalus DC. and intermediate plants was investigated in a comparative study of morphological characters, toxicity of plant extracts to brine shrimps (Artemia salina) and chromatography of plant extracts. Specimens were collected at 18 localities in the Eastern Cape Province. All these specimens were examined morphologically and chemical extracts were tested for toxicity and by comparative chromatography. The collection of Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus specimens in the Selmar Schonland Herbarium (GRA) was also examined morphologically. Six geographical areas were represented in the combined collections. Analysis of morphological data separated typical Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus at either end of hybrid index histograms and principal components analysis diagrams. The intermediate populations displayed morphological characters of both Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus. Some specimens were intermediate between these two species, falling within the range of variation of these species while others fell outside this range. The Brine Shrimp Assay was used to test for toxicity and to investigate the possibility of using toxicity data as a genetic marker in taxonomic studies. As Senecio speciosus extracts were less than 1% toxic and Senecio macrocephalus extracts were at least 95% toxic to the brine shrimps it is suggested that in this case toxicity can be used as a genetic marker. Toxicity can even be described as a good taxonomic character as discontinuity is very sudden and complete. The intermediate plants in the Grahamstown area were at least 92% toxic to the brine shrimps linking them to Senecio macrocephalus. Thin layer and paper chromatography were used as comparative techniques to study the chemical profiles of the specimens. Alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids were studied. Thin layer chromatography to separate the alkaloid components of the plant extracts showed Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus to have distinct chemical profiles suggesting that they are separate species. The intermediate plants- were found to contain chemical compounds matching either or both Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus suggesting that they may have arisen by hybridisation. In a preliminary investigation Senecio speciosus extracts showed a complete lack of terpenoid compounds whereas extracts from Senecio macrocephalus and the intermediate specimens tested gave a terpenoid colour reaction in the basal spot only. This links the intermediate populations with Senecio macrocephalus. Paper chromatography to separate the flavonoid constituents of the plant extracts also showed typical Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus to be distinct. The intermediate populations contained flavonoid compounds from one or both of these species. The populations in the Grahamstown area show morphological features close to and in some cases indistinguishable from Senecio speciosus. Chemically these specimens show some similarities with Senecio macrocephalus. In the East London area specimens show a similar mixture of characters but appear morphologically to be closer to Senecio macrocephalus. However, in the Amatole Mountains, despite both species being present in the same locality it appears that no hybridisation has occurred. It is therefore suggested that at some of the localities where the geographical ranges of Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus overlap in the Eastern Cape Province hybridisation between these two species occurs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Lewis, Gillian Elizabeth
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Senecio , Senecio -- Analysis , Shrimps , Artemia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4209 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003778
- Description: The variation between populations of Senecio speciosus Willd., Senecio macrocephalus DC. and intermediate plants was investigated in a comparative study of morphological characters, toxicity of plant extracts to brine shrimps (Artemia salina) and chromatography of plant extracts. Specimens were collected at 18 localities in the Eastern Cape Province. All these specimens were examined morphologically and chemical extracts were tested for toxicity and by comparative chromatography. The collection of Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus specimens in the Selmar Schonland Herbarium (GRA) was also examined morphologically. Six geographical areas were represented in the combined collections. Analysis of morphological data separated typical Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus at either end of hybrid index histograms and principal components analysis diagrams. The intermediate populations displayed morphological characters of both Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus. Some specimens were intermediate between these two species, falling within the range of variation of these species while others fell outside this range. The Brine Shrimp Assay was used to test for toxicity and to investigate the possibility of using toxicity data as a genetic marker in taxonomic studies. As Senecio speciosus extracts were less than 1% toxic and Senecio macrocephalus extracts were at least 95% toxic to the brine shrimps it is suggested that in this case toxicity can be used as a genetic marker. Toxicity can even be described as a good taxonomic character as discontinuity is very sudden and complete. The intermediate plants in the Grahamstown area were at least 92% toxic to the brine shrimps linking them to Senecio macrocephalus. Thin layer and paper chromatography were used as comparative techniques to study the chemical profiles of the specimens. Alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids were studied. Thin layer chromatography to separate the alkaloid components of the plant extracts showed Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus to have distinct chemical profiles suggesting that they are separate species. The intermediate plants- were found to contain chemical compounds matching either or both Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus suggesting that they may have arisen by hybridisation. In a preliminary investigation Senecio speciosus extracts showed a complete lack of terpenoid compounds whereas extracts from Senecio macrocephalus and the intermediate specimens tested gave a terpenoid colour reaction in the basal spot only. This links the intermediate populations with Senecio macrocephalus. Paper chromatography to separate the flavonoid constituents of the plant extracts also showed typical Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus to be distinct. The intermediate populations contained flavonoid compounds from one or both of these species. The populations in the Grahamstown area show morphological features close to and in some cases indistinguishable from Senecio speciosus. Chemically these specimens show some similarities with Senecio macrocephalus. In the East London area specimens show a similar mixture of characters but appear morphologically to be closer to Senecio macrocephalus. However, in the Amatole Mountains, despite both species being present in the same locality it appears that no hybridisation has occurred. It is therefore suggested that at some of the localities where the geographical ranges of Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus overlap in the Eastern Cape Province hybridisation between these two species occurs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A case study of oral linguistic error-treatment in second language classrooms where English is the medium of instruction
- Authors: Mntambo, Nomawabo
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Second language acquisition Language and languages -- Study and teaching English language -- Errors of usage
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1439 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003320
- Description: One of the issues that have been debated at length in second language acquisition research circles is that of error-feedback and its desirability. Although there is as yet no conclusive evidence concerning its effectiveness in contributing towards the acquisition of a second language, a number of studies that have been conducted bear evidence to its desirability in L2 classrooms. This research then, was concerned with the way teachers of content subjects reacted to their learners' linguistically erroneous responses during oral interaction in their classes. The participants were four teachers who, with their pupils, are second language speakers of English . Three of these were content subject teachers while the fourth one teaches English. The data was collected from a class of Std 5 pupils in a rural school in the Eastern Cape where the lessons of these teachers were observed and audio-taped. Subsequently some of them were transcribed and analysed. The analysis of the data revealed that teachers in content subject classes, who teach through the medium of English showed more concern for content than for linguistic errors despite the fact that they are expected to extend the pupils' chances of second language acquisition.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Mntambo, Nomawabo
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Second language acquisition Language and languages -- Study and teaching English language -- Errors of usage
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1439 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003320
- Description: One of the issues that have been debated at length in second language acquisition research circles is that of error-feedback and its desirability. Although there is as yet no conclusive evidence concerning its effectiveness in contributing towards the acquisition of a second language, a number of studies that have been conducted bear evidence to its desirability in L2 classrooms. This research then, was concerned with the way teachers of content subjects reacted to their learners' linguistically erroneous responses during oral interaction in their classes. The participants were four teachers who, with their pupils, are second language speakers of English . Three of these were content subject teachers while the fourth one teaches English. The data was collected from a class of Std 5 pupils in a rural school in the Eastern Cape where the lessons of these teachers were observed and audio-taped. Subsequently some of them were transcribed and analysed. The analysis of the data revealed that teachers in content subject classes, who teach through the medium of English showed more concern for content than for linguistic errors despite the fact that they are expected to extend the pupils' chances of second language acquisition.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Rhodes University - Student Business Plan Winners 1995
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- History -- Photographs
- Type: Image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/16070 , vital:22107 , PIC/M 6065 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017.
- Description: Photograph of the winners of the Department of Management's (Rhodes University) business plan award. Clockwise from left to right: Tanya Gurnell, Mark Stavrakis, Herculano Costa Tré and John Dismore.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- History -- Photographs
- Type: Image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/16070 , vital:22107 , PIC/M 6065 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017.
- Description: Photograph of the winners of the Department of Management's (Rhodes University) business plan award. Clockwise from left to right: Tanya Gurnell, Mark Stavrakis, Herculano Costa Tré and John Dismore.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995
An investigation of environmental knowledge among two rural black communities in Natal
- Mtshali, Cynthia Sibongiseni
- Authors: Mtshali, Cynthia Sibongiseni
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Wild plants, Edible -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Folklore Zulu (African people) -- Folklore Animals -- Folklore Environmental education -- South Africa Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Maphumulo Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Ingwavuma
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1623 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003505
- Description: This study elicits and documents knowledge of the natural environment amongst two rural Black communities in Natal namely, the districts of Maphumulo and Ingwavuma.Twenty members of these communities who are older than 60 years of age were interviewed, as older people are considered by the researcher to be important repositories of environmental knowledge. This study records a variety of animals hunted in these communities and discusses various activities associated with this activity. It examines the gathering and the use of wild edible plants like fruits and spinach, and of wild plants alleged to have medicinal value. It reviews indigenous knowledge related to custom beliefs and prohibitions as well as traditional laws associated .with animals and trees. It also considers how this knowledge can contribute towards the development of Environmental Education in South Africa. The data was deduced from the responses elicited from semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed qualitatively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Mtshali, Cynthia Sibongiseni
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Wild plants, Edible -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Folklore Zulu (African people) -- Folklore Animals -- Folklore Environmental education -- South Africa Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Maphumulo Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Ingwavuma
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1623 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003505
- Description: This study elicits and documents knowledge of the natural environment amongst two rural Black communities in Natal namely, the districts of Maphumulo and Ingwavuma.Twenty members of these communities who are older than 60 years of age were interviewed, as older people are considered by the researcher to be important repositories of environmental knowledge. This study records a variety of animals hunted in these communities and discusses various activities associated with this activity. It examines the gathering and the use of wild edible plants like fruits and spinach, and of wild plants alleged to have medicinal value. It reviews indigenous knowledge related to custom beliefs and prohibitions as well as traditional laws associated .with animals and trees. It also considers how this knowledge can contribute towards the development of Environmental Education in South Africa. The data was deduced from the responses elicited from semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed qualitatively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
WISC-R coding incidental recall, digit span and supraspan test performance in children aged 6 and 7
- Authors: Avis, Cheryl Esme
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3155 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007506 , Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to develop age-related normative data for the WISC-R Digits Forward, Digits Backward, Digits Difference, Digit Supraspan, and Coding Incidental Recall (Immediate and 30' Delayed) tests for a non-clinical population of South African school children aged 6 and 7. The effects of sex, English versus Xhosa language, and white versus black race groups, were additional investigations. Subjects were randomly selected from three English speaking Grahamstown schools; level of education ranged from pre-school to Sub Standard B; English speaking subjects included predominantly white children, with a small proportion of coloured, Chinese and Indian children; Xhosa speaking children were all black. Interim normative data on all tests across two age groups (6 and 7) are presented, and are considered reliable and diagnostically useful in clinical neuropsychological assessment. There were no significant effects for age, sex, English versus Xhosa language or white versus black race groups, on any of the tests with the exception of Digits Backward which yielded marginally lower scores for black Subjects. Although the mean IQ estimate based on the Draw-A-Person test was equivalent across age, sex, English versus Xhosa language and white versus black race groups, an intelligence rating of subjects by teachers revealed that black subjects were evaluated significantly lower than white subjects. This suggests the presence of prejudicial racial attitudes amongst educators in these predominantly English speaking white schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Avis, Cheryl Esme
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3155 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007506 , Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to develop age-related normative data for the WISC-R Digits Forward, Digits Backward, Digits Difference, Digit Supraspan, and Coding Incidental Recall (Immediate and 30' Delayed) tests for a non-clinical population of South African school children aged 6 and 7. The effects of sex, English versus Xhosa language, and white versus black race groups, were additional investigations. Subjects were randomly selected from three English speaking Grahamstown schools; level of education ranged from pre-school to Sub Standard B; English speaking subjects included predominantly white children, with a small proportion of coloured, Chinese and Indian children; Xhosa speaking children were all black. Interim normative data on all tests across two age groups (6 and 7) are presented, and are considered reliable and diagnostically useful in clinical neuropsychological assessment. There were no significant effects for age, sex, English versus Xhosa language or white versus black race groups, on any of the tests with the exception of Digits Backward which yielded marginally lower scores for black Subjects. Although the mean IQ estimate based on the Draw-A-Person test was equivalent across age, sex, English versus Xhosa language and white versus black race groups, an intelligence rating of subjects by teachers revealed that black subjects were evaluated significantly lower than white subjects. This suggests the presence of prejudicial racial attitudes amongst educators in these predominantly English speaking white schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Function of a cloned polyphenolase in organic synthesis
- Authors: Naidoo, Michael Joseph
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Polyphenols , Catechol , Streptomacyes , Organic compounds -- Synthesis , Mutagenesis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4042 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004103 , Polyphenols , Catechol , Streptomacyes , Organic compounds -- Synthesis , Mutagenesis
- Description: The enzyme polyphenolase, which catalyses the oxidation of phenols to catechols and subsequently dehydrogenates these to o-quinones, is widely distributed in nature. The multicopy plasmid vector pIJ702 contains a mel gene from Streptomyces antibioticus, that codes for the production of a polyphenol oxidase. The plasmid was isolated from Streptomyces lividans 66pIJ702 and subjected to a variety of mutagenic treatments in order to establish a structurefunction relationship for the polyphenolase enzymes. An attempt was made to engineer the polyphenolase enzyme by localized random mutagenesis in vitro of the mel gene on pIJ702, in order to alter properties like productivity, activity and substrate specificity. It was hoped to alter the amino acid sequence of the active site of the enzyme in order to facilitate catalysis in an organic environment. The plasmid was subsequently transformed into a plasmid-free Streptomyces strain, and enzyme production was carried out in batch culture systems, in order to determine the effect of the height treatment, and to isolate and propagate functional polyphenolase mutants for organic synthesis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Naidoo, Michael Joseph
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Polyphenols , Catechol , Streptomacyes , Organic compounds -- Synthesis , Mutagenesis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4042 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004103 , Polyphenols , Catechol , Streptomacyes , Organic compounds -- Synthesis , Mutagenesis
- Description: The enzyme polyphenolase, which catalyses the oxidation of phenols to catechols and subsequently dehydrogenates these to o-quinones, is widely distributed in nature. The multicopy plasmid vector pIJ702 contains a mel gene from Streptomyces antibioticus, that codes for the production of a polyphenol oxidase. The plasmid was isolated from Streptomyces lividans 66pIJ702 and subjected to a variety of mutagenic treatments in order to establish a structurefunction relationship for the polyphenolase enzymes. An attempt was made to engineer the polyphenolase enzyme by localized random mutagenesis in vitro of the mel gene on pIJ702, in order to alter properties like productivity, activity and substrate specificity. It was hoped to alter the amino acid sequence of the active site of the enzyme in order to facilitate catalysis in an organic environment. The plasmid was subsequently transformed into a plasmid-free Streptomyces strain, and enzyme production was carried out in batch culture systems, in order to determine the effect of the height treatment, and to isolate and propagate functional polyphenolase mutants for organic synthesis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
COSATU Press Release
- COSATU
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175651 , vital:42603
- Description: COSATU noting the unfolding education crisis within the Western Cape has called for a stayaway of all of its members and supporters in the Western Cape in support of its demand for measures that will guarantee quality public education, should the Provincial Government fail to meet the demands detailed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175651 , vital:42603
- Description: COSATU noting the unfolding education crisis within the Western Cape has called for a stayaway of all of its members and supporters in the Western Cape in support of its demand for measures that will guarantee quality public education, should the Provincial Government fail to meet the demands detailed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Comprehending strike action: the South African experience c.1950-1990 and the theoretical implications thereof
- Authors: Wood, Geoffrey Thomas
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Strikes and lockouts -- South Africa -- History Industrial relations -- South Africa -- History Labor unions -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3319 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003107
- Description: Regular strike action has become a central characteristic of the South African industrial relations system. Whilst in the 1950s strikes were mostly isolated outbursts of relatively short duration, strikes in the 1980s were challenges of unprecedented duration and intensity. It is argued that despite this dramatic change, reflecting a series of discontinuities in both the political and economic arenas, strike action in South Africa does follow distinct patterns, and can be ascribed to a combination of identifiable causes. Principal causal factors include wage aspirations, past experiences and the subjective interpretation thereof, and the role of the union movement. Contingent factors include the prevailing political climate, industrial relations legislation, the amount of information opposing sides possess of their adversaries' intentions as well as spatial issues, such as the internal dynamics of individual communities. Partially as a result of South Africa's political transformation, the late 1980s and early 1990s saw further changes in the industrial relations environment. Reflecting these developments, it is argued that a new type of trade unionism has developed, "coterminous unionism" . This will have far-reaching implications for the nature of industrial conflict. However, it falls fully within the theoretical parameters outlined in this thesis. Despite significant developments in social theory in the 1980s and 1990s, there have been few attempts accordingly to update theories of strike action. One of the objectives of this thesis has been to attempt such an update. It is hoped that the constructs developed will shed light on a widely prevalent form of social conflict, assist in the analysis of future outbreaks, and enable the identification of those situations where a high propensity to engage in strike action may exist.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Wood, Geoffrey Thomas
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Strikes and lockouts -- South Africa -- History Industrial relations -- South Africa -- History Labor unions -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3319 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003107
- Description: Regular strike action has become a central characteristic of the South African industrial relations system. Whilst in the 1950s strikes were mostly isolated outbursts of relatively short duration, strikes in the 1980s were challenges of unprecedented duration and intensity. It is argued that despite this dramatic change, reflecting a series of discontinuities in both the political and economic arenas, strike action in South Africa does follow distinct patterns, and can be ascribed to a combination of identifiable causes. Principal causal factors include wage aspirations, past experiences and the subjective interpretation thereof, and the role of the union movement. Contingent factors include the prevailing political climate, industrial relations legislation, the amount of information opposing sides possess of their adversaries' intentions as well as spatial issues, such as the internal dynamics of individual communities. Partially as a result of South Africa's political transformation, the late 1980s and early 1990s saw further changes in the industrial relations environment. Reflecting these developments, it is argued that a new type of trade unionism has developed, "coterminous unionism" . This will have far-reaching implications for the nature of industrial conflict. However, it falls fully within the theoretical parameters outlined in this thesis. Despite significant developments in social theory in the 1980s and 1990s, there have been few attempts accordingly to update theories of strike action. One of the objectives of this thesis has been to attempt such an update. It is hoped that the constructs developed will shed light on a widely prevalent form of social conflict, assist in the analysis of future outbreaks, and enable the identification of those situations where a high propensity to engage in strike action may exist.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Alternative dispute resolution in the best interests of the child
- Authors: Van Zyl, Lesbury
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Divorce mediation -- South Africa , Dispute resolution (Law) -- South Africa , Custody of children -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003212 , Divorce mediation -- South Africa , Dispute resolution (Law) -- South Africa , Custody of children -- South Africa
- Description: The development of private divorce mediation appears to offer a friendly and informal alternative to the "hostile" adversarial divorce. A close analysis of its claims, however, shows them to be largely unproven. Urgent attention should therefore be given to the philosophical base of the movement. There is also a need for empirical research and for standardised training. Further unanswered questions relate to the part to be played by different professions, and to professional ethics. It is submitted that the appointment of Family Advocates is a step in the right direction but that the establishment of a full Family Court will best protect children's interests.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Van Zyl, Lesbury
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Divorce mediation -- South Africa , Dispute resolution (Law) -- South Africa , Custody of children -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003212 , Divorce mediation -- South Africa , Dispute resolution (Law) -- South Africa , Custody of children -- South Africa
- Description: The development of private divorce mediation appears to offer a friendly and informal alternative to the "hostile" adversarial divorce. A close analysis of its claims, however, shows them to be largely unproven. Urgent attention should therefore be given to the philosophical base of the movement. There is also a need for empirical research and for standardised training. Further unanswered questions relate to the part to be played by different professions, and to professional ethics. It is submitted that the appointment of Family Advocates is a step in the right direction but that the establishment of a full Family Court will best protect children's interests.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
The road ahead
- NUMSA
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113080 , vital:33699
- Description: Comrades, in 1993 we set out what we wanted to win by June 1996. Then we achieved the victory that we had fought so hard for - a non-racial government that is democratic and transparent. But on the shopfloor we still see apartheid: racial inequalities - high wage differences between workers and management, poorly trained workers (mostly black and our members) racist management who oppress our members, badly managed factories with S old machinery. All these are obstacles that prevent us building worker power, worker control and a better life for all. Read what we have won. Discuss what we should campaign around in 1995.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113080 , vital:33699
- Description: Comrades, in 1993 we set out what we wanted to win by June 1996. Then we achieved the victory that we had fought so hard for - a non-racial government that is democratic and transparent. But on the shopfloor we still see apartheid: racial inequalities - high wage differences between workers and management, poorly trained workers (mostly black and our members) racist management who oppress our members, badly managed factories with S old machinery. All these are obstacles that prevent us building worker power, worker control and a better life for all. Read what we have won. Discuss what we should campaign around in 1995.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995