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- 4 Ladies, Damara Folk, Composer Not Specified, Dargie, Dave

Censorship of the press in South Africa during the Angolan War: a case study of news manipulation and suppression

- Addison, Graeme

  • Authors: Addison, Graeme
  • Date: 1982
  • Subjects: Mass media -- Censorship -- South Africa Censorship -- South Africa Mass media -- Censorship -- South Africa Government and the press -- South Africa Freedom of the press -- South Africa Angola -- History -- Civil War, 1975-2002 Angola -- History -- South African Invasion, 1975-1976
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:3495 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003058
  • Description: During the Angolan War of 1975-6, whilst South African troops were actively engaged on the side of the Unita/FNLA alliance, news media in South Africa were prohibited from disclosing information about the country's role in the war. Under Section 118 of the Defence Amendment Act of 1967, no information about SA troop movements or plans could be published without the permission of the Minister of Defence or his nominees. This case study shows how the Government used the Defence Act to censor certain news while releasing other news which suited its political outlook and objectives. The study documents the history of the Defence Act and of the military-press liaison machinery which grew out of it. The introduction defines propaganda as a technique of ideological control designed to supplement the control of society by means of repression. The study sets in context the Government's propaganda strategy before, during and after the Angolan War, arguing that the structures of white domination, including the newspaper industry, are being drawn into the Government's scheme of total co-ordination to fight a total war.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1982

DDC201a-10.mp3

- Andrew

  • Authors: Andrew
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/454992 , vital:75393
  • Description: Traditional Sotho dance song with drum and whistle accompaniment
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1982

On becoming a psychotherapist

- Anema, Margaret Catherine

  • Authors: Anema, Margaret Catherine
  • Date: 1982
  • Subjects: Psychotherapist and patient , Psychotherapy , Psychotherapists
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2913 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002078
  • Description: From Introduction: To learn to focus on the other, I first have to learn my natural limits. Unless my natural limits are found, I cannot focus on myself or the other with freedom. I will either draw back or intrude. As I learn my natural limits, I free the energy I previously used in questioning limits. Having recognised that I am bounded, the effect of my released energy is to deepen my space. The infinity which used to lie beyond the horizon is brought into the realm of the human where it can be useful. As a psychotherapist the deepening (that is differentiation) of my own space is very important. It means that the space I share with the other is better explored and better known. The raw data for this thesis is a record of 2½ weeks of intensive psychotherapy and 3 weeks of intensive explication. During this time I explored the interrelated themes of my own limits and the particular shadowedness of the space I shared with Tony, the person in psychotherapy with me.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1982

An investigation into the taxonomy of the diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of the Sundays and Great Fish Rivers, with ecological observations on the Sundays River

- Archibald, Robert Eldred Mostert

  • Authors: Archibald, Robert Eldred Mostert
  • Date: 1982
  • Subjects: Diatoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Diatoms -- Classification Aquatic ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Sundays River
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:4180 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003728
  • Description: This report on the diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of the Sundays and Great Fish rivers is divided into two sections. In Volume 1 the taxonomy of the diatoms from these two river systems is examined. A total of 331 taxa were studied, of which 5 are described as new species. Two taxa are given new names, since they were previously known under later homonyms. Twenty seven taxa were recorded for the first time from South Africa, while a number of species are given amended descriptions in the light of fresh information obtained concerning them. A few taxa (chiefly South African forms) have been united with previously described taxa. For the remainder of the taxa mentioned in the text, comments are passed with regard to their taxonomy and dimensions, based on facts gained through literature surveys and personal observations of the relevant taxa. As far as possible all taxa examined in Volume 1 are illustrated, and these illustrations are presented in Volume 3 of this study. Volume 2 deals with the ecology of the diatoms in the Sundays River. Special emphasis is laid on relating the composition of the diatom associations at the selected stations to the ambient salinity and ionic composition of the water. A new index, the Salinity Tolerance Index (STI), is proposed to summarize by means of a numerical value the information obtained from the analysis of a diatom association with respect to the character of the component taxa, and to indicate whether the association is derived from a freshwater, brackish water or marine source. The efficacy of the STI is evaluated in the text. The effect of the geological formations of the Sundays River valley and the underground waters emanating from them is discussed in the text. The consequences of a severe drought in the lower Sundays River, including hypersaline water in the upper estuary, on the diatom flora are also investigated.
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  • Date Issued: 1982

Investigations into the ecology of a population of Citrus Red Scale (Aonidiella aurantii Mask.) in the Swaziland lowlands

- Atkinson, P R

  • Authors: Atkinson, P R
  • Date: 1982
  • Subjects: Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- Africa, Southern
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:5619 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003733
  • Description: In the Swaziland lowlands, biological control of the citrus pest red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask), has been consistently unsuccessful although it is successful in middle altitude regions. However, recent cases of resistance to organophosphate insecticides elsewhere in southern Africa, make it important to reconsider biological control of red scale in the lowlands. Should similar resistance be evolved in this region, the pest could be controlled only by natural means together with oils. This account attempts to answer questions about the natural control of a red scale population in the lowlands, by examining data collected between 1972 and 1975. The population was continuously breeding with overlapped generations. It consisted of three sections, on leaves, twigs and fruit, having different rates of reproduction, development and mortality. These sections are considered separately but that on leaves, being relatively unimportant, is largely ignored. The generation mortality is estimated in the sections on twigs and fruit and related to climatic and biotic indices. The causes of seasonal and between-years variation in the sections on twigs and fruit are elucidated. The effectiveness of each kind of natural enemy is examined and the factors affecting natural enemy numbers are investigated. The question of population regulation is discussed. Differences in mean infestation levels in middle altitude and lowland regions are explained in terms of different rates of reproduction and mortality.
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  • Date Issued: 1982

Some development issues in Ciskei

- Bekker, S B, Black, Philip A, Rouz, A D

  • Authors: Bekker, S B , Black, Philip A , Rouz, A D
  • Date: 1982
  • Subjects: Ciskei (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Ciskei (South Africa) -- Economic policy Ciskei (South Africa) -- Population
  • Language: English
  • Type: Book , Text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2249 , vital:20269 , ISBN 0868100986
  • Description: The territory known as Ciskei - an independent national state - and its de facto residents, known as Ciskeians, are the administrative, organisational and financial responsibility of the Ciskei government. As such, this government plans strategies aimed at promoting development for Ciskeians in its territory. Very broadly, 'development' is understood to mean the improvement of the life chances and living conditions of Ciskeians, and of poorer Ciskeians in particular (Ward, 1980). The Ciskei government, by its very nature, thus sees itself as intimately involved in the creation and implementation of a development strategy focussed on its territory. This paper has three interrelated aims. First, a demographic and socio-economic profile of Ciskei will be presented. This will be attempted by using such generally accepted indicators as trends in population, gross national product, unemployment rates, and per capita income. In addition, three types of classification will be introduced to sharpen this profile. Ciskeian resident communities will be grouped together, on the basis of their location and access to productive activities, into (i) urban communities, (ii) rural villages, and (iii) closer settlements. In the second place, cash- -earning workers will be grouped together, on the basis of their places of residence and of work, into (i) Ciskeian workers, (ii) frontier commuters (Riekert, 1979), and (iii) migrants. Finally, a distinction will be drawn between the income accruing to resident Ciskeian households (i) which is earned within Ciskei itself, and (ii) which is earned outside Ciskei. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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  • Date Issued: 1982

Langkloof farmers' practices and attitudes regarding coloured and black farmworkers

- Bekker, S B, Humphries, Richard G, Meterlerkamp, D

  • Authors: Bekker, S B , Humphries, Richard G , Meterlerkamp, D
  • Date: 1982
  • Subjects: Africans -- Employment Colored people (South Africa) -- Employment Langkloof (South Africa) Farmers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Agricultural laborers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Book , Text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2238 , vital:20268 , ISBN 0868100919
  • Description: This paper reports on an investigation of the effects of the policy of Coloured Labour Preference in a rural area of the Western Cape. This policy, which has been analysed more fully elsewhere1, aims to restrict the number of black employees in the Western Cape, the region within which the policy is applied, by granting Coloureds preferential access to urban and rural labour markets. The Langkloof is a valley in which modern mechanised agricultural techniques are employed to specialise in the production of deciduous fruit, apples in particular. Farms are owned by whites, and the majority of farm workers are (classified) Coloured. A substantial number of black farm workers are also employed. The Kloof is served by two good roads and a narrow gauge railway linking the villages of the Kloof to Port Elizabeth. The Langkloof, moreover, is situated close to the boundary of the Western Cape, and therefore close to the line demarcating the region within which the policy of Coloured Labour Preference is applied. The investigation, which was executed in late 1980, included a number of visits to the Langkloof, interviews with officials of the Departments of Agriculture and Manpower, and of the Eastern Cape Administration Board, as well as a survey of white farmers' attitudes and practices. This survey was designed to elicit information relevant to the rural labour situation in the Langkloof, and to identify differences in attitudes and practices with regard to Coloured and black farmworkers. The focus of the survey was on the eastern half of the valley, commonly known as the Middel- and Onder-Langkloof. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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  • Date Issued: 1982

Some human and structural constraints on rural development: the Amatola Basin, a Ciskeian case study

- Bekker, S B, de Wet, Christopher J

  • Authors: Bekker, S B , de Wet, Christopher J
  • Date: 1982
  • Subjects: Amatola River Watershed (South Africa) Agriculture -- South Africa -- Ciskei Land tenure -- South Africa -- Ciskei Middledrift (South Africa)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Book , Text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2227 , vital:20267 , ISBN 0868100900
  • Description: A rural development project is currently under way in the Amatola Basin, Ciskei. This paper introduces the project and outlines the socio-economic and agricultural conditions current in the area. An overview of present project activities is included. It then attempts to identify a number of potential and actual human and structural constraints operating on the implementation of the project. Such constraints arise out of the existing agricultural system in the project area, as well as out of the state bureaucratic structures operating in Ciskei, and the agency implementing the project itself. One aim is to identify the units involved in dryland cultivation. This is done by tracing ties of cooperation between cultivating households in one Amatola village. It will be shown, in this village at least, that the household does not form the main unit of cultivation. A second aim of this paper is to show that checks on rural development in general should not be sought solely within the area under consideration, but derive to an important degree from outside sources. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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  • Date Issued: 1982

Theories of economic underdevelopment: a general equilibrium analysis

- Black, Philip Andrew

  • Authors: Black, Philip Andrew
  • Date: 1982
  • Subjects: Equilibrium (Economics) -- Mathematical models Economic development -- Mathematical models Developing countries -- Economic conditions -- Mathematical models
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:1049 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006235
  • Description: This thesis is mainly concerned with the question whether 'conventional' economic theory - especially the neoclassical theory of general equilibrium - is sufficiently flexible to accommodate the particular conditions prevailing in the developing countries. It is argued that most existing theories of economic underdevelopment adopt an interpretative approach which essentially amounts to relaxing some of the chief assumptions of the neoclassical theory. When applied to the two-sector model of general equilibrium, these theories generally yield predictions which are vastly different from those associated with the neoclassical assumptions of perfect competition, unlimited factor substitutability and unrestricted resource mobility. Several theories seek to explain the development problem in terms of the specific production processes used in poor countries. Myrdal's (1957) theory of cumulative causation, for example, effectively introduces increasing returns to scale in at least one sector or region of the economy; in contrast to the neoclassical theory, he thus nvisages a cumulative process of regional divergence in the output level per worker. Similarly, Richard Eckaus's (1955) explanation of the "factor-proportions problem" is based on the assumption of limited factor substitutability. This enables him to establish the existence of a so-called "unemployment equiIibrium", thus implying that developing countries may be faced with a conflict between the objective of maximizing social -welfare on the one hand, and that of full employment on the other. More recently, Leibenstein (1960) has shown that this trade-off may be complicated by the introduction of capital-biased technological inventions and innovations. The solution to the factor-proportions problem consists in the adoption of more appropriate, usually labour-biased technologies, increased capital formation and a reduction in the rate of population growth. Much of the postwar literature on economic development has focused on the imperfectly competitive structure of the product and the factor markets in developing countries. Myint (1954) has highlighted the role played by monopolies and ligopolies during the "opening-up" process of economic development. Likewise, both Lewis's (1954) dualist theory and Todaro's (1969; 1971) model of rural-urban migration attempt to explain the unemployment problem in terms of various factor price distortions. In an international context, Prebisch (1950; 1959) and Singer (1950) have again shown how prevailing differences in the structure of markets between developed and developing countries may turn the terms of trade against the latter; using a two-sector model, Bhagwati (1958) has demonstrated that such a deterioration in the terms of trade could bring about a net decrease in the welfare level of the countries concerned. Generally, the policy measures relevant to the "market imperfections" problem include the creation of job opportunities in the rural (rather than urban) sector, the encouragement of informal-sector enterprises,and the imposition of factor taxes and subsidies as a means of counteracting the adverse effect of factor price distortions on employment. A more recent approach to the unemployment problem is the plea by the International Labor Office (1970; 1972) for a redistribution of income within the developing countries. In terms of the two-sector model, such a policy may well succeed in eliminating labour unemployment caused by fixed factor proportions and/or factor price distortions. It should be realized, though, that a redistribution of income may lower the aggregate savings level, and hence also the growth rates of capital and labour employment in the economy. On the whole, it would seem that these theories do indeed adopt a modified version of the neoclassical theory in providing a fairly comprehensive explanation of the economic problems of labour unemployment, low incomes and inequality.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1982

The life history of a minnow, Barbus Anoplus, in a man-made lake in South Africa

- Cambray, James Alfred

  • Authors: Cambray, James Alfred
  • Date: 1982
  • Subjects: Minnows -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:5346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006861
  • Description: Aspects of the life history strategy of Barbus anoplus Weber were studied in a turbid man-made lake (P.K. Ie Roux impoundment, Orange River system, South Africa). The minnow has successfully colonized the shoreline of the P.K. Ie Roux impoundment, where the preferred habitats of the chubbyhead barb are flooded stream beds, erosion gullies and flooded ruderal communities. B. anoplus reaches sexual maturity in one year, at a length of about 40mm FL. They have a multiple spawning habit, with the first spawn in November or December and the second spawn in February or March. A part of the adult population undertakes a spawning migration up inflowing tributaries, while the other part breeds along the shoreline. The eggs and young develop rapidly and a proportion of the protolarvae float near the water surface, where they are probably dispersed by water currents. Most of the males die off after their second summer, whereas many females live into a third summer. Females also attain a larger maximum size (73mm FL) than males (60mm FL). The importance of increasing the reproductive potential of B. anoplus by multiple spawning is discussed. Feeding studies indicate that B. anoplus are opportunistic predators on invertebrates. The feeding habits of minnows collected from four different habitats varied. Minnows collected in the open water fed mainly on zooplankton, while shoreline populations fed on chironomid larvae and zooplankton. The most varied diet was found in fish living in a well-vegetated tributary of the impoundment which was not subject to inundation. B. anoplus is basically an r-strategist (i.e. it is small in size, shortlived, males have bright colouration, high seasonal reproductive potential). These characteristics enable the species to colonize and successfully inhabit unstable environments and probably accounts for the fact that it is the most widespread species south of the Limpopo River system. It is recommended that B. anoplus be considered as a candidate in southern Africa for further studies on life history strategies.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1982

Sondelani

- Cedara church music workshop participants, Dargie, Dave

Gloria

- Church Choir, Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

Ntsikana's Great Hymn

- Church Choir, Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

Pater Noster

- Church Choir, Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

Alleluia

- Church Choir, Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

Kyrie

- Church Choir, Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

Recessional Hymn

- Church Choir, Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

Hambane Kangane

- Church Choir, Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

Happy is the man

- Church Choir, Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

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