A contribution to the oceanology of the Prince Edward Islands
- Authors: Parker, Llewellyn Derek
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Oceanography -- Prince Edward Islands
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5605 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002055
- Description: While the terrestrial ecosystem of the Prince Edward Island Group has been subject to intensive research, the marine ecosystem has to a large extent been neglected. This together with the possible existence of an "island effect" at these islands, as was first proposed after the visit to these islands of the French vessel Marion Dufresne, led to the initiation of a programme to determine the distribution of standing stocks and the productivity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the neritic seas of these islands. To do this and before a detailed biological survey could be attempted, it was first necessary to define the physical and chemical properties of the circuminsular waters. This dissertation discusses the results of several surveys to these islands in the light of a possible "island effect" and comments upon processes likely to influence such an effect
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Parker, Llewellyn Derek
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Oceanography -- Prince Edward Islands
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5605 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002055
- Description: While the terrestrial ecosystem of the Prince Edward Island Group has been subject to intensive research, the marine ecosystem has to a large extent been neglected. This together with the possible existence of an "island effect" at these islands, as was first proposed after the visit to these islands of the French vessel Marion Dufresne, led to the initiation of a programme to determine the distribution of standing stocks and the productivity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the neritic seas of these islands. To do this and before a detailed biological survey could be attempted, it was first necessary to define the physical and chemical properties of the circuminsular waters. This dissertation discusses the results of several surveys to these islands in the light of a possible "island effect" and comments upon processes likely to influence such an effect
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of erythromycin in serum and urine
- Authors: Stubbs, Christopher
- Date: 1985 , 2013-03-13
- Subjects: High performance liquid chromatography , Erythromycin , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics , Chromatographic analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004581 , High performance liquid chromatography , Erythromycin , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics , Chromatographic analysis
- Description: Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic used mainly against gram-positive bacteria has been in clinical use since 1952 (1). Previous pharmacokinetic data published on this antibiotic have been derived predominantly from microbiological assay techniques. However, these techniques are relatively imprecise as well as being non-specific and extremely tedious to perform. A novel high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of erythromycin in human serum and urine using U.V. detection at 200 nm and/or electrochemical detection using both an amperometric and a coulometric electrochemical detector is presented. The method involves a solid phase extraction procedure followed by a simple phase separation step and chromatography on a reverse phase column. In order to select the optimum U.V. detector for this analysis, five "state of the art" detectors were compared in terms of their signal-to-noise ratios at U.V. wavelengths between 200 and 210 nm. A known metabolite des-N-methylerythromycin is readily detectable using U.V. detection, whilst another metabolite/degradation product anhydroerythromycin is not seen using U.V. detection but is readily observable using an electrochemical detector. The method has a limit of sensitivity of 0.25 μg/mL and 1.00 μg/mL in serum and urine respectively (U.V. detection) and is sufficiently sensitive to monitor serum and urine concentrations of erythromycin in man after administration of a single 500 mg erythromycin stearate tablet. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Stubbs, Christopher
- Date: 1985 , 2013-03-13
- Subjects: High performance liquid chromatography , Erythromycin , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics , Chromatographic analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004581 , High performance liquid chromatography , Erythromycin , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics , Chromatographic analysis
- Description: Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic used mainly against gram-positive bacteria has been in clinical use since 1952 (1). Previous pharmacokinetic data published on this antibiotic have been derived predominantly from microbiological assay techniques. However, these techniques are relatively imprecise as well as being non-specific and extremely tedious to perform. A novel high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of erythromycin in human serum and urine using U.V. detection at 200 nm and/or electrochemical detection using both an amperometric and a coulometric electrochemical detector is presented. The method involves a solid phase extraction procedure followed by a simple phase separation step and chromatography on a reverse phase column. In order to select the optimum U.V. detector for this analysis, five "state of the art" detectors were compared in terms of their signal-to-noise ratios at U.V. wavelengths between 200 and 210 nm. A known metabolite des-N-methylerythromycin is readily detectable using U.V. detection, whilst another metabolite/degradation product anhydroerythromycin is not seen using U.V. detection but is readily observable using an electrochemical detector. The method has a limit of sensitivity of 0.25 μg/mL and 1.00 μg/mL in serum and urine respectively (U.V. detection) and is sufficiently sensitive to monitor serum and urine concentrations of erythromycin in man after administration of a single 500 mg erythromycin stearate tablet. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
East London: the creation and development of a frontier community, 1835-1873
- Tankard, Keith Peter Tempest
- Authors: Tankard, Keith Peter Tempest
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: East London (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2580 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004550 , East London (South Africa) -- History
- Description: From Preface: Although East London exists today as one of the major ports of South Africa, the city appears to have been forgotten by historians. Little has been done to chronicle its history. In 1932, Bruce Gordon set out to initiate this research and he investigated East London's history to the end of 1865. However, Gordon's thesis, though accurate, is short and inadequate by today's standards. Furthermore, no-one continued from where Gordon left off. Several articles have been written over the previous six decades, each dealing with aspects of East London's past but these, on the whole, are inaccurate and misleading. The time is ripe, therefore, to begin again the research into the history of East London. East London owed its foundation to the state of unrest which existed on the eastern frontier of the Cape of Good Hope between 1834 and 1847. Although the geographic and climatic conditions were in the port's favour, East London remained in a suppressed condition until about 1870. It is the purpose of this thesis to examine the factors which gave rise to this truncated growth. The thesis will examine first the wider perspective of imperial and colonial policy in which East London was conceived and in which it had its early existence. The implications of this policy for East London at the various levels of the port's development will be explored in subsequent chapters. British and Cape colonial policy, however, evolved in a chronological sequence and so the examination of this policy likewise will tend to follow a chronological pattern within each chapter. The establishment of Port Rex in November/December 1836 enters into East London's story in several ways: its political development, the creation and development of the harbour on the Buffalo River, the evolution of trade, the growth of the community and the status of the black population at the mouth of the Buffalo River. It has been found necessary, therefore, to refer often to this beginning of East London's history. Although several theses have already been written which deal with topics related to British Kaffraria, none of these do more than allude to the creation and development of East London. Although, for example, the German Settlers played an important role in the growth of the port, Schnell's thesis hardly mentions the two communities at Panmure and Cambridge. The research for this thesis led me to two important and little known sources of early information, both in Cape Town. The first was the multiple volumed "Unsorted Archives" on East London which consists of reports and letters to the Resident Magistrate. It is a treasure chest of information on East London's early years. The second source was G.M. Theal's newspapers, The Kaffrarian Recorder and East London Shipping Gazette and, later, The Kaffrarian, East London's second newspaper which was believed to have been lost until copies were discovered recently in the South African Library in Cape Town. Theal, later prominent as a historian, had a clear insight into the problems which confronted the community at East London and the editorials of his newspaper make interesting reading. East London's first newspaper is, unfortunately, still lost. It was the East London Times which had its first issue in January 1863, and lasted a mere two months. It consisted of half a sheet of foolscap printed on one side, the other side being left blank, the editor of the King William's Town Gazette wrote, "'for want of room' or from lack of matter."
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Tankard, Keith Peter Tempest
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: East London (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2580 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004550 , East London (South Africa) -- History
- Description: From Preface: Although East London exists today as one of the major ports of South Africa, the city appears to have been forgotten by historians. Little has been done to chronicle its history. In 1932, Bruce Gordon set out to initiate this research and he investigated East London's history to the end of 1865. However, Gordon's thesis, though accurate, is short and inadequate by today's standards. Furthermore, no-one continued from where Gordon left off. Several articles have been written over the previous six decades, each dealing with aspects of East London's past but these, on the whole, are inaccurate and misleading. The time is ripe, therefore, to begin again the research into the history of East London. East London owed its foundation to the state of unrest which existed on the eastern frontier of the Cape of Good Hope between 1834 and 1847. Although the geographic and climatic conditions were in the port's favour, East London remained in a suppressed condition until about 1870. It is the purpose of this thesis to examine the factors which gave rise to this truncated growth. The thesis will examine first the wider perspective of imperial and colonial policy in which East London was conceived and in which it had its early existence. The implications of this policy for East London at the various levels of the port's development will be explored in subsequent chapters. British and Cape colonial policy, however, evolved in a chronological sequence and so the examination of this policy likewise will tend to follow a chronological pattern within each chapter. The establishment of Port Rex in November/December 1836 enters into East London's story in several ways: its political development, the creation and development of the harbour on the Buffalo River, the evolution of trade, the growth of the community and the status of the black population at the mouth of the Buffalo River. It has been found necessary, therefore, to refer often to this beginning of East London's history. Although several theses have already been written which deal with topics related to British Kaffraria, none of these do more than allude to the creation and development of East London. Although, for example, the German Settlers played an important role in the growth of the port, Schnell's thesis hardly mentions the two communities at Panmure and Cambridge. The research for this thesis led me to two important and little known sources of early information, both in Cape Town. The first was the multiple volumed "Unsorted Archives" on East London which consists of reports and letters to the Resident Magistrate. It is a treasure chest of information on East London's early years. The second source was G.M. Theal's newspapers, The Kaffrarian Recorder and East London Shipping Gazette and, later, The Kaffrarian, East London's second newspaper which was believed to have been lost until copies were discovered recently in the South African Library in Cape Town. Theal, later prominent as a historian, had a clear insight into the problems which confronted the community at East London and the editorials of his newspaper make interesting reading. East London's first newspaper is, unfortunately, still lost. It was the East London Times which had its first issue in January 1863, and lasted a mere two months. It consisted of half a sheet of foolscap printed on one side, the other side being left blank, the editor of the King William's Town Gazette wrote, "'for want of room' or from lack of matter."
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
A hydrogeological assessment of the Uitenhage-Coega artesian system
- Authors: Venables, Anthony John
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Hydrogeology -- South Africa Aquifers -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4808 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003815
- Description: The Uitenhage artesian aquifer north-west of Port Elizabeth in South Africa, is one of the few artesian groundwater systems in Southern Africa. The Uitenhage - Coega, and Kruis River areas, are the most important portions of the Uitenhage Artesian System in terms of water abstraction and water use. This study concentrates on the Uitenhage - Coega area and in particular, on the Coega Ridge where the Table Mountain Sandstone (TNS) aquifer occurs at relatively shallow depths. The investigation is aimed at assessing the geological, hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics of the HIS and any other aquifers present, with the object of providing quantitative data for use in future decisions on the water resource management of the area. In order to achieve these objectives, field work, involving a hydrocensus, geological mapping, geophysical exploration, drilling, aquifer testing and hydrochemical sampling was carried out. Analysis of these data provided information on the extent of the aquifers, their hydrogeological characteristics and the chemical nature of the various groundwater types.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Venables, Anthony John
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Hydrogeology -- South Africa Aquifers -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4808 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003815
- Description: The Uitenhage artesian aquifer north-west of Port Elizabeth in South Africa, is one of the few artesian groundwater systems in Southern Africa. The Uitenhage - Coega, and Kruis River areas, are the most important portions of the Uitenhage Artesian System in terms of water abstraction and water use. This study concentrates on the Uitenhage - Coega area and in particular, on the Coega Ridge where the Table Mountain Sandstone (TNS) aquifer occurs at relatively shallow depths. The investigation is aimed at assessing the geological, hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics of the HIS and any other aquifers present, with the object of providing quantitative data for use in future decisions on the water resource management of the area. In order to achieve these objectives, field work, involving a hydrocensus, geological mapping, geophysical exploration, drilling, aquifer testing and hydrochemical sampling was carried out. Analysis of these data provided information on the extent of the aquifers, their hydrogeological characteristics and the chemical nature of the various groundwater types.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Turbidite-hosted gold deposits
- Authors: Leeming, Prudence Mary
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Gold ores , Turbidites
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5010 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005939 , Gold ores , Turbidites
- Description: Turbidite-hosted gold deposits contribute a significant proportion to world lode gold production and have also provided substantial gold to alluvial resources. Turbidity current deposits occur throughout geological time within Archaean greenstone belts, Proterozoic orogenic belts and rifted passive continental margins, and Palaeozoic geosynclines. Representing the end member of the sedimentary cycle, turbidites have the attribute of preservation not only on an individual bed basis but also due to below wave base accumulation in submarine deeps. Cyclic deposition according to the Bouma sequence punctuates turbidite deposition by a series of diastems. Accumulation of organic, pelagic and chemical sediments may concentrate gold to protore enrichment levels i n a primary sedimentary environment. Dewatering during diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism under reducing conditions may redistribute gold with transport as low energy organo- and thio-complexes. Gold may precipitate with diagenetic pyrite and silica near black shale and/or partially replace fine carbonate detritus. Gold solubility increases with high grade amphibolite facies metamorphism (T 400ºC) when efficient leaching of gold and transport by simple chloro- and hydroxychloro - complexes to lower greenschist regions takes place. Reduced permeability of turbidite strata induces hydrofracturing which focuses dewatering solutions. Gold is deposited due to pressure and temperature decrease or local changes in physico - chemico conditions caused by the reaction of fluids with wall rocks (reactive beds in turbidites are predominantly carbonaceous strata). The largest of turbidite - hosted goldfields are confined to back -arc or marginal sea basins with restricted oceanic circulation. The richest concentrations of gold occur proximal to the original source within the greenschist facies formations lowermost in a thick turbidite sequence and exhibit strong combined structural and lithological association. Turbidites represent important strata for the concentration and preservation of gold not only during sedimentation and diagenesis but also during later deformation and metamorphism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Leeming, Prudence Mary
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Gold ores , Turbidites
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5010 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005939 , Gold ores , Turbidites
- Description: Turbidite-hosted gold deposits contribute a significant proportion to world lode gold production and have also provided substantial gold to alluvial resources. Turbidity current deposits occur throughout geological time within Archaean greenstone belts, Proterozoic orogenic belts and rifted passive continental margins, and Palaeozoic geosynclines. Representing the end member of the sedimentary cycle, turbidites have the attribute of preservation not only on an individual bed basis but also due to below wave base accumulation in submarine deeps. Cyclic deposition according to the Bouma sequence punctuates turbidite deposition by a series of diastems. Accumulation of organic, pelagic and chemical sediments may concentrate gold to protore enrichment levels i n a primary sedimentary environment. Dewatering during diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism under reducing conditions may redistribute gold with transport as low energy organo- and thio-complexes. Gold may precipitate with diagenetic pyrite and silica near black shale and/or partially replace fine carbonate detritus. Gold solubility increases with high grade amphibolite facies metamorphism (T 400ºC) when efficient leaching of gold and transport by simple chloro- and hydroxychloro - complexes to lower greenschist regions takes place. Reduced permeability of turbidite strata induces hydrofracturing which focuses dewatering solutions. Gold is deposited due to pressure and temperature decrease or local changes in physico - chemico conditions caused by the reaction of fluids with wall rocks (reactive beds in turbidites are predominantly carbonaceous strata). The largest of turbidite - hosted goldfields are confined to back -arc or marginal sea basins with restricted oceanic circulation. The richest concentrations of gold occur proximal to the original source within the greenschist facies formations lowermost in a thick turbidite sequence and exhibit strong combined structural and lithological association. Turbidites represent important strata for the concentration and preservation of gold not only during sedimentation and diagenesis but also during later deformation and metamorphism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Gerard Manley Hopkins's poetic art as "current language heightened" : (with reference to selected sonnets and in the light of contemporary stylistic theory)
- Authors: McDermott, Lydia Eva
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 1844-1889 , English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2337 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002019
- Description: The aim of this thesis is twofold: To examine Hopkins's writings on poetics and to relate these to modern theories of poetic stylistics; and to show, through an examination of two sets of Hopkins sonnets, the ways in which Hopkins's writings on language and poetics are reflected in his verse (Introductory outline, p. 5)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: McDermott, Lydia Eva
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 1844-1889 , English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2337 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002019
- Description: The aim of this thesis is twofold: To examine Hopkins's writings on poetics and to relate these to modern theories of poetic stylistics; and to show, through an examination of two sets of Hopkins sonnets, the ways in which Hopkins's writings on language and poetics are reflected in his verse (Introductory outline, p. 5)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
The influence of ants on the insect fauna of broad-leaved, savanna trees
- Authors: Grant, Susan
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Ants -- Behavior , Insects -- Host plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5811 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006971 , Ants -- Behavior , Insects -- Host plants
- Description: The influence of foraging ants on the insect fauna within the canopy of the tree species Terminalia sericea, Burkea africana and Ochna pulchra was studied in an area of typical South African savanna, over a two year period. The number of individual insects and their species composition was compared on unbanded, ant-infested plants and on banded plants where ants had been excluded. Differences in the level of herbivory recorded on banded and unbanded trees were related to the guild composition of insects within the canopy, and the results are discussed in terms of plant protection as a consequence of ant - insect interactions. Twenty-six ant species were recorded on the study trees at Nylsvley, with individuals belonging to the genus Crematogaster being numerically abundant and dominant within the canopy of each species of tree. These dominant ant species influenced the insect fauna by their strong dependence on honeydew, encouraging a build up in numbers of Homoptera on the branches and leaves of foraged trees, and supporting homopterous populations within the confines of their nest compartments . The exclusion of ants from trees led to fewer "mobile" homopterans (Aphididae, Membracidae, Psyllidae and Cicadellidae) and "sessile" homopterans (mainly Coccidae but also Pseudococcidae). Pyrethrum spraying showed that the guild composition of non-homopterous insects was similar on banded and unbanded trees. Differences in the level of herbivory on banded and unbanded trees suggested that, although slight, foraged trees were protected from some damage by the presence of ant species within the canopy. A trend did exist towards a greater number of insect individuals and species on unbanded trees, and it is postulated that during the period 1982 1984 when drought conditions prevailed over Nylsvley, ants do not reduce insect numbers through predation or disturbance but simply deter phyllophagous feeding. A separate experiment showed that Crematogaster constructor would feed on the eggs and early instar larvae of the saturnid moth, Cirina forda, but low numbers of lepidopterous larvae on the trees may have forced ants to seek honeydew. The negative impact of large homopterous populations on foraged trees was only seen in an isolated field observation where Polyrachis schistacea was found to associate with the lac insect Tachardina sp . . In conclusion it can be said that where homopterans are not the dominant phyllophages, plants do benefit from foraging populations of ants in that damage to the leaves is reduced.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Grant, Susan
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Ants -- Behavior , Insects -- Host plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5811 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006971 , Ants -- Behavior , Insects -- Host plants
- Description: The influence of foraging ants on the insect fauna within the canopy of the tree species Terminalia sericea, Burkea africana and Ochna pulchra was studied in an area of typical South African savanna, over a two year period. The number of individual insects and their species composition was compared on unbanded, ant-infested plants and on banded plants where ants had been excluded. Differences in the level of herbivory recorded on banded and unbanded trees were related to the guild composition of insects within the canopy, and the results are discussed in terms of plant protection as a consequence of ant - insect interactions. Twenty-six ant species were recorded on the study trees at Nylsvley, with individuals belonging to the genus Crematogaster being numerically abundant and dominant within the canopy of each species of tree. These dominant ant species influenced the insect fauna by their strong dependence on honeydew, encouraging a build up in numbers of Homoptera on the branches and leaves of foraged trees, and supporting homopterous populations within the confines of their nest compartments . The exclusion of ants from trees led to fewer "mobile" homopterans (Aphididae, Membracidae, Psyllidae and Cicadellidae) and "sessile" homopterans (mainly Coccidae but also Pseudococcidae). Pyrethrum spraying showed that the guild composition of non-homopterous insects was similar on banded and unbanded trees. Differences in the level of herbivory on banded and unbanded trees suggested that, although slight, foraged trees were protected from some damage by the presence of ant species within the canopy. A trend did exist towards a greater number of insect individuals and species on unbanded trees, and it is postulated that during the period 1982 1984 when drought conditions prevailed over Nylsvley, ants do not reduce insect numbers through predation or disturbance but simply deter phyllophagous feeding. A separate experiment showed that Crematogaster constructor would feed on the eggs and early instar larvae of the saturnid moth, Cirina forda, but low numbers of lepidopterous larvae on the trees may have forced ants to seek honeydew. The negative impact of large homopterous populations on foraged trees was only seen in an isolated field observation where Polyrachis schistacea was found to associate with the lac insect Tachardina sp . . In conclusion it can be said that where homopterans are not the dominant phyllophages, plants do benefit from foraging populations of ants in that damage to the leaves is reduced.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
The effect of sewage on the distribution of seaweed at the Bats Cave east bank sewage outfall in East London, South Africa
- Authors: Klenk, Theodore Charles
- Date: 1985 , 2013-03-13
- Subjects: Marine algae -- Dispersal -- South Africa -- East London , Sewage disposal in the ocean -- South Africa -- East London , Plants -- Effect of sewage on
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4238 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004768 , Marine algae -- Dispersal -- South Africa -- East London , Sewage disposal in the ocean -- South Africa -- East London , Plants -- Effect of sewage on
- Description: In order to determine which seaweeds were unable to survive in the stressed area and how far the effect of the effluent extended along the coast, various methods were applied and carried out over a two-year period between November 1982 and November 1984. Three major long-term studies took place. The first study was to determine the presence or absence of the seaweeds throughout (1) the entire study area and then (2) in areas broken up into sections with known distances from the outfalls. The second method involved statistical evaluations using point intersect methods and photography to produce information to determine species density, diversity, evenness, and to provide the information required to work with a number of ecological equations in the future. The third method incorporated a long-term survey on cleared plots in various sectors of the study area. The recolonization of the plots was recorded over a thirty-week period. (par. 1.1, p. 6-7)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Klenk, Theodore Charles
- Date: 1985 , 2013-03-13
- Subjects: Marine algae -- Dispersal -- South Africa -- East London , Sewage disposal in the ocean -- South Africa -- East London , Plants -- Effect of sewage on
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4238 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004768 , Marine algae -- Dispersal -- South Africa -- East London , Sewage disposal in the ocean -- South Africa -- East London , Plants -- Effect of sewage on
- Description: In order to determine which seaweeds were unable to survive in the stressed area and how far the effect of the effluent extended along the coast, various methods were applied and carried out over a two-year period between November 1982 and November 1984. Three major long-term studies took place. The first study was to determine the presence or absence of the seaweeds throughout (1) the entire study area and then (2) in areas broken up into sections with known distances from the outfalls. The second method involved statistical evaluations using point intersect methods and photography to produce information to determine species density, diversity, evenness, and to provide the information required to work with a number of ecological equations in the future. The third method incorporated a long-term survey on cleared plots in various sectors of the study area. The recolonization of the plots was recorded over a thirty-week period. (par. 1.1, p. 6-7)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Towards a phenomenological model for a critical psychotherapy
- Gennrich-de Lisle, Peter Hirzel
- Authors: Gennrich-de Lisle, Peter Hirzel
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Psychotherapy , Phenomenology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3106 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004513 , Psychotherapy , Phenomenology
- Description: This thesis aims to establish a model of psychotherapy that is based on experience, but which takes social structure into account. To do this it first sets up a theoretical model of psychotherapy. Thereafter the model is used to analyse four protocols as a way of examining its effectiveness. The analysis of the protocols provides the basis for coming to certain conclusions about the nature of psychotherapy. The theoretical phase first examines the area traditionally known as etiology, but here the approach is from a broadly existential perspective. Thus this section starts by proposing a view of human nature, and then it goes on to say how this nature comes to be disrupted. The influence of the broader social context upon human existence is also considered here. Secondly, there is an attempt to understand how psychotherapy works. Drawing on existential and cultural anthropological material, various themes of psychotherapy are examined, and these are then placed within their social context. Finally, the theoretical phase brings together the themes emerging from the two foregoing sections and integrates them into a single model of "etiology" and "cure". In the following chapter, the adequacy of this model is examined by using it to analyse four protocols written by subjects on their experience of therapy. In the final chapter various conclusions are drawn.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Gennrich-de Lisle, Peter Hirzel
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Psychotherapy , Phenomenology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3106 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004513 , Psychotherapy , Phenomenology
- Description: This thesis aims to establish a model of psychotherapy that is based on experience, but which takes social structure into account. To do this it first sets up a theoretical model of psychotherapy. Thereafter the model is used to analyse four protocols as a way of examining its effectiveness. The analysis of the protocols provides the basis for coming to certain conclusions about the nature of psychotherapy. The theoretical phase first examines the area traditionally known as etiology, but here the approach is from a broadly existential perspective. Thus this section starts by proposing a view of human nature, and then it goes on to say how this nature comes to be disrupted. The influence of the broader social context upon human existence is also considered here. Secondly, there is an attempt to understand how psychotherapy works. Drawing on existential and cultural anthropological material, various themes of psychotherapy are examined, and these are then placed within their social context. Finally, the theoretical phase brings together the themes emerging from the two foregoing sections and integrates them into a single model of "etiology" and "cure". In the following chapter, the adequacy of this model is examined by using it to analyse four protocols written by subjects on their experience of therapy. In the final chapter various conclusions are drawn.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
The petrology of the basalts of the Dordabis Formation in the vicinity of Dordabis in central S.W.A./Namibia|
- Authors: Williams-Jones, Ian Eric
- Date: 1985 , 2013-03-14
- Subjects: Basalt -- Namibia , Petrology -- Namibia , Geochemistry -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5062 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013277
- Description: The late Proterozoic volcanic and sedimentary sequence in the Dordabis area SWA/Namibia has been named the Dordabis Formation and subdivided, on the basis of field, petrological and petrographic evidence, into the Opdam and Bitterwater Members. Relict phases including augite and minor plagioclase only occur in the Bitterwater metalavas, as recrystallisation is complete in the Opdam metal avas. The composition of the relict feldspars ranges from labradorite in the ophitic basalts to oligoclase in the blastoporphyritic metalavas. The feldspars in the Opdam member are albitic in composition (An content 0,0 to 1,7) . Epidote compositions are typical of those occurring in metabasic rocks. Samples with high-iron whole-rock compositions are accompanied by high concentrations of Fe3+ in concomitant epidotes. Sixty three samples were analysed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to determine concentrations of major and 16 trace elements. Although greenschist facies metamorphism, metasomatism and shearing have produced scatter in the more mobile element concentrations, variation trends in other elements closely resemble modelled low-pressure fractional crystallisation trends. The Dordabis metalavas are petrologically classified as sub-alkaline, tholeiitic continental basalts. Low K/Rb ratios and low ratios of less incompatible to more incompatible elements probably reflect a source that has either been metasomati ca lly enriched or that has undergone little previous partial melting. Overlapping whole-rock variation trends indicate that the generally more evolved Opdam and primitive tholeiitic Bittenwater lavas are cogenetic. A comparison of the Dordabis Formation with the Sinclair Sequence and the Koras Group shows that their ages, petrology, petrography, associ a ted sedimentary suites and depositional environments are similar. It is concluded that they may possibly be coeval equivalents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Williams-Jones, Ian Eric
- Date: 1985 , 2013-03-14
- Subjects: Basalt -- Namibia , Petrology -- Namibia , Geochemistry -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5062 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013277
- Description: The late Proterozoic volcanic and sedimentary sequence in the Dordabis area SWA/Namibia has been named the Dordabis Formation and subdivided, on the basis of field, petrological and petrographic evidence, into the Opdam and Bitterwater Members. Relict phases including augite and minor plagioclase only occur in the Bitterwater metalavas, as recrystallisation is complete in the Opdam metal avas. The composition of the relict feldspars ranges from labradorite in the ophitic basalts to oligoclase in the blastoporphyritic metalavas. The feldspars in the Opdam member are albitic in composition (An content 0,0 to 1,7) . Epidote compositions are typical of those occurring in metabasic rocks. Samples with high-iron whole-rock compositions are accompanied by high concentrations of Fe3+ in concomitant epidotes. Sixty three samples were analysed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to determine concentrations of major and 16 trace elements. Although greenschist facies metamorphism, metasomatism and shearing have produced scatter in the more mobile element concentrations, variation trends in other elements closely resemble modelled low-pressure fractional crystallisation trends. The Dordabis metalavas are petrologically classified as sub-alkaline, tholeiitic continental basalts. Low K/Rb ratios and low ratios of less incompatible to more incompatible elements probably reflect a source that has either been metasomati ca lly enriched or that has undergone little previous partial melting. Overlapping whole-rock variation trends indicate that the generally more evolved Opdam and primitive tholeiitic Bittenwater lavas are cogenetic. A comparison of the Dordabis Formation with the Sinclair Sequence and the Koras Group shows that their ages, petrology, petrography, associ a ted sedimentary suites and depositional environments are similar. It is concluded that they may possibly be coeval equivalents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Spenser's Colin Clout : an introductory study
- Authors: Brown, Molly Anne
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Spenser, Edmund, 1552?-1599 -- Criticism and interpretation , Faerie Queene , English poetry , Epic , Criticism , Interpretation , Clout, Colin (Fictitious character)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2180 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001831
- Description: From introduction: In the sixth book of The Faerie Qveene, the reader is presented with a vision of the Graces and their attendants dancing on Mount Acidale to the piping of a simple shepherd. Spenser identifies this favoured musician as Colin Clout and then goes on to pose a seemingly inconsequential rhetorical question. "Who knowes not Colin Cloute?” he asks. The note of confident pride which can be discerned in the query clearly reveals Spenser's peculiar interest in one of his most intriguing creations. It is almost impossible to read a representative selection of Spenser's poetical works without noticing the hauntingly frequent appearances of his "Southerne shepheardes boye". Colin appears or is named in no fewer than six of Spenser's poems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Brown, Molly Anne
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Spenser, Edmund, 1552?-1599 -- Criticism and interpretation , Faerie Queene , English poetry , Epic , Criticism , Interpretation , Clout, Colin (Fictitious character)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2180 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001831
- Description: From introduction: In the sixth book of The Faerie Qveene, the reader is presented with a vision of the Graces and their attendants dancing on Mount Acidale to the piping of a simple shepherd. Spenser identifies this favoured musician as Colin Clout and then goes on to pose a seemingly inconsequential rhetorical question. "Who knowes not Colin Cloute?” he asks. The note of confident pride which can be discerned in the query clearly reveals Spenser's peculiar interest in one of his most intriguing creations. It is almost impossible to read a representative selection of Spenser's poetical works without noticing the hauntingly frequent appearances of his "Southerne shepheardes boye". Colin appears or is named in no fewer than six of Spenser's poems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
The plea of truth and public benefit as a defence to an action for defamation in South African law
- Authors: Grogan, John
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Libel and slander -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3708 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006974
- Description: From introduction: The study begins with a detailed examination of the origins of the defence in Roman law, and traces the dispute over the role of the veritas convicii through the writings of the Roman-Dutch jurists and the decisions of the pre-Union colonial courts in South Africa. The gradual absorption of the requirement of public benefit into the contemporary law is examined. Subsequent sections attempt to extract from the case law and to systematise the rules relating to the requirements of the defence of truth and public benefit, with a view to setting forth the circumstances in which the truth may lawfully be published. Section 2 deals with problems relating to proof of the truth of the imputation; Section 3 with the problem of when publication can be said to serve the public benefit. The final section seeks to examine the juridical basis of the defence and to relate it to recent developments in the law of defamation as a whole. Brief conclusions are then drawn and recommendations made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Grogan, John
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Libel and slander -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3708 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006974
- Description: From introduction: The study begins with a detailed examination of the origins of the defence in Roman law, and traces the dispute over the role of the veritas convicii through the writings of the Roman-Dutch jurists and the decisions of the pre-Union colonial courts in South Africa. The gradual absorption of the requirement of public benefit into the contemporary law is examined. Subsequent sections attempt to extract from the case law and to systematise the rules relating to the requirements of the defence of truth and public benefit, with a view to setting forth the circumstances in which the truth may lawfully be published. Section 2 deals with problems relating to proof of the truth of the imputation; Section 3 with the problem of when publication can be said to serve the public benefit. The final section seeks to examine the juridical basis of the defence and to relate it to recent developments in the law of defamation as a whole. Brief conclusions are then drawn and recommendations made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
The petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Witwatersrand triad in the Klerksdorp area, Transvaal
- Authors: Bowen, Michael Peter
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Volcanic rocks , Witwatersrand triad , Klerksdorp , Transvaal , Northwest Province , South Africa , Chemical analysis , Magma , Geology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4909 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001569
- Description: Several hundred chemical analyses of early Proterozoic lavas of the Witwatersrand triad (incorporating the Dominion Group, Witwatersrand Supergroup and Ventersdorp Supergroup) in the Klerksdorp area, have revealed the presence of various distinct magma types. These essentially correspond to formally defined lithostratigraphic units, but several inconsistencies have necessitated the use of informal nomenclature. The lavas have been regionally metamorphosed to low-grade, greenschist facies assemblages. Original igneous textures are preserved, despite a metamorphic overprint. Metamorphism has resulted in a certain degree of random chemical remobilization. Ba, Sr, Rb, K₂0, Na₂0 and CaO have been highly mobile, and their usefulness in petrogenetic modelling is extremely limited. In contrast, Zr, Nb, Y, LREE's, Cr, Ni, Ti0₂ P₂0₅ and Al₂0₃ have remained immobile. Ti/Zr and Ti/P ratios together constitute efficient discriminating variables for characterizing the different magma types. Lava compositions range from primitive Mg-rich tholeiites to rhyolites, the bulk being tholeiitic andesites. Al₂0₃ contents do not exceed 15%, a feature which reflects the tholeiitic, as opposed to calcalkaline, character of these lavas. Two magma-types are present within the Dominion Group, which is a typical example of bimodal volcanism. The Dominion basic lavas are overlain by the Dominion acid porphyries, with a limited amount of interfingering. The basic lava suite is highly fractionated, with compositions ranging from Mg-, Cr- and Ni-rich tholeiites (close to primary mantle melts) to evolved tholeiitic andesites. The most primitive liquids evolved by 45% fractional crystallization of hornblende, followed by a further 70% crystallization of an orthopyroxene-plagioclase assemblage containing up to 3% sulphides. The Dominion porphyries are rhyolitic, display very limited compositional variation, and probably represent a crustal melt related to the same magmatic event which produced the basic lavas. The only lavas from the Witwatersrand Supergroup present in the Klerksdorp area are those of the Crown Formation (Jeppestown amygdaloid). These are tholeiitic dacites which display extremely limited compositional variation, and are unrelated to any of the other magmas of the Witwatersrand triad. The Ventersdorp Supergroup comprises 4 magma-types: The Kliprivierberg Group lavas at the base are subdivisible into 3 sub-types on the basis of Zr contents. (Zr>11Oppm) are the most evolved. They are tholeiitic andesites which display fairly limited compositional variation. It is likely that more evolved compositions are present in other areas where the porphyritic lavas which characterize this unit are better developed. The overlying Orkney lavas are characterized by 110ppm>Zr>90ppm. They are tholeiitic andesites of similar composition to the Alberton lavas, but have lower incompatible element levels, higher siderophile element levels, and are of extremely uniform composition. The uppermost Loraine/Edenville lavas range from magnesian tholeiites to tholeiitic andesites. They are distinguished by Zr< 90ppm, and contain the most primitive magmas af the Witwatersrand triad, with up to 17,5% MgO, 2600ppm Cr, 600ppm Ni and M-values up to 77. The most primitive liquids evolved by 38% fractional crystallization of orthopyroxene ∓ chromite, followed by 35% fractional crystallization of an extract containing clinopyroxene and plagioclase. The absence of olivine precipitation is a result of the inherently high Si0₂ content of the magma. The Loraine/Edenville, Orkney and Alberton lavas do not lie on a common liquid line of descent, but are probably consanguinous. The Platberg Group overlies the Kliprivierberg Group, and has a coarse-clastic sedimentary unit, the Kameeldoorns Formation, at the base. Three petrographically distinct porphyritic lava sequences overlie the Kameeldoorns Formation, namely the informal "Goedgenoeg formation", the Makwassie quartz-feldspar porphyries and the Rietgat Formation. Despite petrographic differences, the Goedgenoeg and Rietgat lavas are chemically indistinguishable and thus form a single magma-type. The Makwassie porphyries are dacitic in composition with a high proportion of feldspar and quartz phenocrysts. Rational variation trends are attributed to a nett loss of Si0₂ during secondary alteration. The porphyries are probably of crustal origin. The Goedgenoeg/Rietgat lavas display unusual chemistry and a broad, irrational compositional spectrum. They contain very high incompatible element levels, high nonnative quartz, as well as high MgO, M-values, Cr and Ni relative to the other tholeiitic andesites of the Witwatersrand triad. It is tentatively suggested that they are hybrid magmas containing both crust and mantle components, the former possibly represented by the Makwassie porphyries. Field evidence suggests that Platberg volcanism commenced directly after Klipriviersberg volcanism ceased, and was accompanied by a period of enhanced tectonic activity. The Platberg lavas thus probably reflect a crustal melting cycle associated with the Klipriviersberg magmatic event. The Allanridge lavas are the youngest rocks of the Witwatersrand triad. They are separated from the Platberg Group by a unit of flat-lying sediments, the Bothaville Formation, which was deposited after an extended period of peneplanation. The Allanridge lavas form a separate magma-type. They are tholeiitic andesites of similar composition to the Alberton lavas, but have higher incompatible element levels and are not consanguinous. The compositional similarities amongst the basic magma-types of the Witwatersrand triad suggests that all were generated in an hydrous mantle. Interelement ratio differences between the various magma-types nevertheless support the concept that the mantle was chemically heterogeneous during the early Proterozoic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Bowen, Michael Peter
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Volcanic rocks , Witwatersrand triad , Klerksdorp , Transvaal , Northwest Province , South Africa , Chemical analysis , Magma , Geology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4909 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001569
- Description: Several hundred chemical analyses of early Proterozoic lavas of the Witwatersrand triad (incorporating the Dominion Group, Witwatersrand Supergroup and Ventersdorp Supergroup) in the Klerksdorp area, have revealed the presence of various distinct magma types. These essentially correspond to formally defined lithostratigraphic units, but several inconsistencies have necessitated the use of informal nomenclature. The lavas have been regionally metamorphosed to low-grade, greenschist facies assemblages. Original igneous textures are preserved, despite a metamorphic overprint. Metamorphism has resulted in a certain degree of random chemical remobilization. Ba, Sr, Rb, K₂0, Na₂0 and CaO have been highly mobile, and their usefulness in petrogenetic modelling is extremely limited. In contrast, Zr, Nb, Y, LREE's, Cr, Ni, Ti0₂ P₂0₅ and Al₂0₃ have remained immobile. Ti/Zr and Ti/P ratios together constitute efficient discriminating variables for characterizing the different magma types. Lava compositions range from primitive Mg-rich tholeiites to rhyolites, the bulk being tholeiitic andesites. Al₂0₃ contents do not exceed 15%, a feature which reflects the tholeiitic, as opposed to calcalkaline, character of these lavas. Two magma-types are present within the Dominion Group, which is a typical example of bimodal volcanism. The Dominion basic lavas are overlain by the Dominion acid porphyries, with a limited amount of interfingering. The basic lava suite is highly fractionated, with compositions ranging from Mg-, Cr- and Ni-rich tholeiites (close to primary mantle melts) to evolved tholeiitic andesites. The most primitive liquids evolved by 45% fractional crystallization of hornblende, followed by a further 70% crystallization of an orthopyroxene-plagioclase assemblage containing up to 3% sulphides. The Dominion porphyries are rhyolitic, display very limited compositional variation, and probably represent a crustal melt related to the same magmatic event which produced the basic lavas. The only lavas from the Witwatersrand Supergroup present in the Klerksdorp area are those of the Crown Formation (Jeppestown amygdaloid). These are tholeiitic dacites which display extremely limited compositional variation, and are unrelated to any of the other magmas of the Witwatersrand triad. The Ventersdorp Supergroup comprises 4 magma-types: The Kliprivierberg Group lavas at the base are subdivisible into 3 sub-types on the basis of Zr contents. (Zr>11Oppm) are the most evolved. They are tholeiitic andesites which display fairly limited compositional variation. It is likely that more evolved compositions are present in other areas where the porphyritic lavas which characterize this unit are better developed. The overlying Orkney lavas are characterized by 110ppm>Zr>90ppm. They are tholeiitic andesites of similar composition to the Alberton lavas, but have lower incompatible element levels, higher siderophile element levels, and are of extremely uniform composition. The uppermost Loraine/Edenville lavas range from magnesian tholeiites to tholeiitic andesites. They are distinguished by Zr< 90ppm, and contain the most primitive magmas af the Witwatersrand triad, with up to 17,5% MgO, 2600ppm Cr, 600ppm Ni and M-values up to 77. The most primitive liquids evolved by 38% fractional crystallization of orthopyroxene ∓ chromite, followed by 35% fractional crystallization of an extract containing clinopyroxene and plagioclase. The absence of olivine precipitation is a result of the inherently high Si0₂ content of the magma. The Loraine/Edenville, Orkney and Alberton lavas do not lie on a common liquid line of descent, but are probably consanguinous. The Platberg Group overlies the Kliprivierberg Group, and has a coarse-clastic sedimentary unit, the Kameeldoorns Formation, at the base. Three petrographically distinct porphyritic lava sequences overlie the Kameeldoorns Formation, namely the informal "Goedgenoeg formation", the Makwassie quartz-feldspar porphyries and the Rietgat Formation. Despite petrographic differences, the Goedgenoeg and Rietgat lavas are chemically indistinguishable and thus form a single magma-type. The Makwassie porphyries are dacitic in composition with a high proportion of feldspar and quartz phenocrysts. Rational variation trends are attributed to a nett loss of Si0₂ during secondary alteration. The porphyries are probably of crustal origin. The Goedgenoeg/Rietgat lavas display unusual chemistry and a broad, irrational compositional spectrum. They contain very high incompatible element levels, high nonnative quartz, as well as high MgO, M-values, Cr and Ni relative to the other tholeiitic andesites of the Witwatersrand triad. It is tentatively suggested that they are hybrid magmas containing both crust and mantle components, the former possibly represented by the Makwassie porphyries. Field evidence suggests that Platberg volcanism commenced directly after Klipriviersberg volcanism ceased, and was accompanied by a period of enhanced tectonic activity. The Platberg lavas thus probably reflect a crustal melting cycle associated with the Klipriviersberg magmatic event. The Allanridge lavas are the youngest rocks of the Witwatersrand triad. They are separated from the Platberg Group by a unit of flat-lying sediments, the Bothaville Formation, which was deposited after an extended period of peneplanation. The Allanridge lavas form a separate magma-type. They are tholeiitic andesites of similar composition to the Alberton lavas, but have higher incompatible element levels and are not consanguinous. The compositional similarities amongst the basic magma-types of the Witwatersrand triad suggests that all were generated in an hydrous mantle. Interelement ratio differences between the various magma-types nevertheless support the concept that the mantle was chemically heterogeneous during the early Proterozoic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Skoolvoorligting in die primêreskool met spesifieke verwysing na druiping van intelligente leerlinge in Kaapland
- Authors: Maritz, Jacob Petrus
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Counseling in elementary education -- South Africa--Western Cape , School failure -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1366 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001432 , Counseling in elementary education -- South Africa--Western Cape , School failure -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Description: Die doelstellings van onderwys in die primereskool maak o.a. voorsiening vir al die behoeftes van leerlinge. Om die doel te bereik is dit nood saaklik dat alle moontlike middele en dienste benut word. Skoolvoorligting maak 'n noodsaaklike deel uit van die spektrum van voorsiening. Skoolvoorligting is nie iets nuut wat van buite op die skool afgedruk word nie, maar vorm 'n integrale deel van gesonde onderwyspraktyk. Die gevaar bestaan dat skoolvoorligting sy invloed kan verloor ten koste van 'n meer a kademiesgerigte leerplan. In die lig hiervan is dit nodig om te bepaal wat die aard en doel van skoolvoorligting in die primereskool is (Introduction, p. 8)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Maritz, Jacob Petrus
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Counseling in elementary education -- South Africa--Western Cape , School failure -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1366 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001432 , Counseling in elementary education -- South Africa--Western Cape , School failure -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Description: Die doelstellings van onderwys in die primereskool maak o.a. voorsiening vir al die behoeftes van leerlinge. Om die doel te bereik is dit nood saaklik dat alle moontlike middele en dienste benut word. Skoolvoorligting maak 'n noodsaaklike deel uit van die spektrum van voorsiening. Skoolvoorligting is nie iets nuut wat van buite op die skool afgedruk word nie, maar vorm 'n integrale deel van gesonde onderwyspraktyk. Die gevaar bestaan dat skoolvoorligting sy invloed kan verloor ten koste van 'n meer a kademiesgerigte leerplan. In die lig hiervan is dit nodig om te bepaal wat die aard en doel van skoolvoorligting in die primereskool is (Introduction, p. 8)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Singing and dancing in Holy Spirit: an understanding of the Xhosa Zionist healing service
- Authors: Miller, Martin Jonathan
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Health -- Religious aspects -- Zionist churches (Africa) , Healing -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Religious aspects , Zionist churches (Africa) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3158 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007638 , Health -- Religious aspects -- Zionist churches (Africa) , Healing -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Religious aspects , Zionist churches (Africa) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Description: Introduction: This project takes as its subject a particular example of ecstatic Christianity of the African Zionist type, practised by a group of urban African persons in Grahamstown, South Africa. The study is concerned specifically with the meanings of music (singing and drumming) and movement (dancing and clapping) in the context of a Church service whose overall intention is the employment of spiritual powers in the healing of sick persons.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Miller, Martin Jonathan
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Health -- Religious aspects -- Zionist churches (Africa) , Healing -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Religious aspects , Zionist churches (Africa) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3158 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007638 , Health -- Religious aspects -- Zionist churches (Africa) , Healing -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Religious aspects , Zionist churches (Africa) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Description: Introduction: This project takes as its subject a particular example of ecstatic Christianity of the African Zionist type, practised by a group of urban African persons in Grahamstown, South Africa. The study is concerned specifically with the meanings of music (singing and drumming) and movement (dancing and clapping) in the context of a Church service whose overall intention is the employment of spiritual powers in the healing of sick persons.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Mineralogy and petrology of the Townlands iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite
- Authors: Phillips, David
- Date: 1985 , 2013-09-09
- Subjects: Ultrabasic rocks -- South African -- Rustenburg , Platinum ores -- South Africa -- Rustenburg , Pegmatites -- South Africa -- Rustenburg , Mines and mineral resources -- South Africa -- Rustenburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5040 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007617 , Ultrabasic rocks -- South African -- Rustenburg , Platinum ores -- South Africa -- Rustenburg , Pegmatites -- South Africa -- Rustenburg , Mines and mineral resources -- South Africa -- Rustenburg
- Description: The Townlands iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite is a relatively large pipelike body situated in the western corner of Rustenburg Section, Rustenburg Platinum Mines. It is characterised by a strong negative magnetic signature and transgresses the noritic layered sequence of the upper critical zone of the Bushveld Complex. The layered rocks are downwarped in the vicinity of the pipe and are in sharp contact with the pegmatitic material. The pegmatite varies in composition between dunite and wehrlite, with the marginal zones being more wehrlitic in composition. Olivine (Fo₃₀ - Fo₅₂) and clinopyroxene (Wo₄₅En₃₀Fs₂₅ - Wo₄₅En₃₇Fs₁₈) are the dominant constituents and accessory phases include ilmenite, Ti -magnetite, apatite, amphiboles, chlorite-group minerals, biotite, ilvaite and a host of unusual ore minerals. The Fe-Ti oxides exhibit exsolution textures typically found in slowly cooled igneous rocks and temperatures of formati on are consi dered to be in excess of 800°C. The UG2 chromitite leader layers intersected by borehole TLP.l are enriched in Fe and Ti and exhibit compositions intermediate between chromite and Ti-magnetite. The ore mineral assemblage includes a primary sulphide assemblage consisting of troilite, chalcopyrite, cubanite and pentlandite, and an array of unusual phases formed by late-stage secondary processes. The unusual sulphides mooihoekite and haycockite, that occur in certain parts of the pegmatite, are considered to have formed by partial replacement of the primary assemblage and a possible paragenetic sequence is discussed. Mineral compositions and whole rock geochemical data are consistent with an origin for the pegmatite by crystallization from a fractionated melt. It is suggested that intercumulus fluids, trapped during the crystallization of the noritic layered sequence, accumulated in an area of structural weakness, in response to an increasing overburden pressure and/or tectonic activity. Evidence is also presented that indicates that the Townlands pegmatite may consist of at least two separate, but adjoining pegmatite bodies. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Phillips, David
- Date: 1985 , 2013-09-09
- Subjects: Ultrabasic rocks -- South African -- Rustenburg , Platinum ores -- South Africa -- Rustenburg , Pegmatites -- South Africa -- Rustenburg , Mines and mineral resources -- South Africa -- Rustenburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5040 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007617 , Ultrabasic rocks -- South African -- Rustenburg , Platinum ores -- South Africa -- Rustenburg , Pegmatites -- South Africa -- Rustenburg , Mines and mineral resources -- South Africa -- Rustenburg
- Description: The Townlands iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite is a relatively large pipelike body situated in the western corner of Rustenburg Section, Rustenburg Platinum Mines. It is characterised by a strong negative magnetic signature and transgresses the noritic layered sequence of the upper critical zone of the Bushveld Complex. The layered rocks are downwarped in the vicinity of the pipe and are in sharp contact with the pegmatitic material. The pegmatite varies in composition between dunite and wehrlite, with the marginal zones being more wehrlitic in composition. Olivine (Fo₃₀ - Fo₅₂) and clinopyroxene (Wo₄₅En₃₀Fs₂₅ - Wo₄₅En₃₇Fs₁₈) are the dominant constituents and accessory phases include ilmenite, Ti -magnetite, apatite, amphiboles, chlorite-group minerals, biotite, ilvaite and a host of unusual ore minerals. The Fe-Ti oxides exhibit exsolution textures typically found in slowly cooled igneous rocks and temperatures of formati on are consi dered to be in excess of 800°C. The UG2 chromitite leader layers intersected by borehole TLP.l are enriched in Fe and Ti and exhibit compositions intermediate between chromite and Ti-magnetite. The ore mineral assemblage includes a primary sulphide assemblage consisting of troilite, chalcopyrite, cubanite and pentlandite, and an array of unusual phases formed by late-stage secondary processes. The unusual sulphides mooihoekite and haycockite, that occur in certain parts of the pegmatite, are considered to have formed by partial replacement of the primary assemblage and a possible paragenetic sequence is discussed. Mineral compositions and whole rock geochemical data are consistent with an origin for the pegmatite by crystallization from a fractionated melt. It is suggested that intercumulus fluids, trapped during the crystallization of the noritic layered sequence, accumulated in an area of structural weakness, in response to an increasing overburden pressure and/or tectonic activity. Evidence is also presented that indicates that the Townlands pegmatite may consist of at least two separate, but adjoining pegmatite bodies. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Influence of endogenous female sex-steroids on mutagen metabolism
- Authors: Goold, Richard David
- Date: 1985 , 2013-03-15
- Subjects: Mutagenesis , Drugs -- Metabolism , Steroid hormones -- Receptors , Cytochrome P-450
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3819 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004919 , Mutagenesis , Drugs -- Metabolism , Steroid hormones -- Receptors , Cytochrome P-450
- Description: Cytochrome P-450, the terminal oxidase of the metabolic mono-oxygenase system, is thought to exist in multiple forms, which have differing substrate specificities, and are variably inducible by different enzyme inducers. Many mutagens, themselves unreactive, require metabolic activation by one or more of these cytochrome P-450-dependent microsomal enzymes for mutagenic activity. Such mutagens may be detected in the Salmonella mutagenicity test only by the incorporation of an hepatic microsomal (59) fraction into the assay (as a first approximation to in vivo metabolism). Induction of the microsomal enzymes by different agents enhances the metabolic activation of mutagens; in fact, many mutagens are only detected when the 59 fraction has been induced by appropriate agents. Inducers of the phenobarbital-type are known to enhance microsomal steroid hydroxylation when administered at supraphysiological levels, inducers of several mono-oxygenase activities. In turn, the steroids, have been reported to be The inductive effects of the female sex-steroids and the combined effects of steroid and phenobarbital (PB) pretreatment on the metabolic activation of four mutagens have been investigated using the Salmonella assay. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were pret reated with 17a-oestradiol (E2) or progesterone (PRG) , at a level of either 1 mg/kg or 20 mg / kg daily for 14 days. A duplicate set of similarly pretreated groups were also induced with PB. Hepatic microsomal fractions were prepared from each group and incubated with each of the te st mutagens in the presence of a tester strain known to detect each particular type of mutagen. Induction of the hepatic metabolizing system by PB increased the activation of the mutagens significantly (as reflected by an increased number of revertant prototrophic S .typhimurium colonies). The administration of PRG also caused significant, and dose-dependent, induction of the activation of af l atoxin B1, benzo(a)pyrene, and dimethylnitrosamine. In general, E2 exhibited no inductive effect, but it did produce an increase in the activation of aflatoxin B1 (a reaction which is known to be catalysed by a mono-oxygenase prefe rentially inducible by PB). When use was made of a microsomal fraction that was prepared from animals which were both steroidpretreated and induced by PB, mutagenic activation was of the same order of magnitude as that observed when induction was brought about by PB alone. The absence of additive effect, taken together with the observations already mentioned, indicate that steroids induce the same cytochrome isozymes that are induced by PB. The implications of sex-hormonal regulation of the metabolic activation of mutagens are briefly discussed. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Goold, Richard David
- Date: 1985 , 2013-03-15
- Subjects: Mutagenesis , Drugs -- Metabolism , Steroid hormones -- Receptors , Cytochrome P-450
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3819 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004919 , Mutagenesis , Drugs -- Metabolism , Steroid hormones -- Receptors , Cytochrome P-450
- Description: Cytochrome P-450, the terminal oxidase of the metabolic mono-oxygenase system, is thought to exist in multiple forms, which have differing substrate specificities, and are variably inducible by different enzyme inducers. Many mutagens, themselves unreactive, require metabolic activation by one or more of these cytochrome P-450-dependent microsomal enzymes for mutagenic activity. Such mutagens may be detected in the Salmonella mutagenicity test only by the incorporation of an hepatic microsomal (59) fraction into the assay (as a first approximation to in vivo metabolism). Induction of the microsomal enzymes by different agents enhances the metabolic activation of mutagens; in fact, many mutagens are only detected when the 59 fraction has been induced by appropriate agents. Inducers of the phenobarbital-type are known to enhance microsomal steroid hydroxylation when administered at supraphysiological levels, inducers of several mono-oxygenase activities. In turn, the steroids, have been reported to be The inductive effects of the female sex-steroids and the combined effects of steroid and phenobarbital (PB) pretreatment on the metabolic activation of four mutagens have been investigated using the Salmonella assay. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were pret reated with 17a-oestradiol (E2) or progesterone (PRG) , at a level of either 1 mg/kg or 20 mg / kg daily for 14 days. A duplicate set of similarly pretreated groups were also induced with PB. Hepatic microsomal fractions were prepared from each group and incubated with each of the te st mutagens in the presence of a tester strain known to detect each particular type of mutagen. Induction of the hepatic metabolizing system by PB increased the activation of the mutagens significantly (as reflected by an increased number of revertant prototrophic S .typhimurium colonies). The administration of PRG also caused significant, and dose-dependent, induction of the activation of af l atoxin B1, benzo(a)pyrene, and dimethylnitrosamine. In general, E2 exhibited no inductive effect, but it did produce an increase in the activation of aflatoxin B1 (a reaction which is known to be catalysed by a mono-oxygenase prefe rentially inducible by PB). When use was made of a microsomal fraction that was prepared from animals which were both steroidpretreated and induced by PB, mutagenic activation was of the same order of magnitude as that observed when induction was brought about by PB alone. The absence of additive effect, taken together with the observations already mentioned, indicate that steroids induce the same cytochrome isozymes that are induced by PB. The implications of sex-hormonal regulation of the metabolic activation of mutagens are briefly discussed. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Validity and reliability of an objective test of cricket skills
- Authors: Stretch, Richard Aldworth
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Cricket , Cricket -- Training , Athletic ability -- Testing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5134 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005625 , Cricket , Cricket -- Training , Athletic ability -- Testing
- Description: This study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of four self-designed, objective tests of cricket batting, bowling, fielding and general ability skills. The batting test requires the batsman to hit a suspended ball at a target area as many times as possible in 60 seconds. His score is doubled to give his score for the batting test. In the bowling test the bowler is required to bowl ten balls at target areas marked on the pitch. Each delivery is recorded to give him a score out of 100. The fielding test requires the fielder to catch and field seven balls in a predetermined sequence. Each fielded ball that is not thrown through the target area incurs a penalty of three seconds. The total time taken is used to obtain the fielding test score out of 100. In the general ability test the player is required to hit a ball up and down twenty-five times. He then has to run along a predetermined path and field three balls and then bowl three balls at a target. A penalty of three seconds is added onto the time taken for each ball that does not pass through the target area. The actual score, out of 100, is determined from the total time taken. To determine the validity of the objective tests of batting, bowling, fielding and general ability, 155 subjects were subjectively assessed in these four categories by experienced coaches. The four objective tests were then conducted on these subjects and the scores compared. Forty-four subjects were assessed by experienced and inexperienced testers to determine the reliability of the tests when administered by different testers. To determine the reliability of the tests when repeatedly administered by one tester 23 subjects were assessed on five consecutive days. Significant correlations (p < 0,05) were found for the tests of validity between subjective and objective assessment (0,43 to 0,81) and the test for objectivity between experienced and inexperienced testers (0,41 to 0,78). A significant improvement (p < 0,05) in scores occurred during repeated testing, but most of this improvement took place between the first two tests. The results indicate that the tests are valid and reliable tests of cricket batting, bowling, fielding and general ability, if sufficient pre-test practice is allowed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Stretch, Richard Aldworth
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Cricket , Cricket -- Training , Athletic ability -- Testing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5134 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005625 , Cricket , Cricket -- Training , Athletic ability -- Testing
- Description: This study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of four self-designed, objective tests of cricket batting, bowling, fielding and general ability skills. The batting test requires the batsman to hit a suspended ball at a target area as many times as possible in 60 seconds. His score is doubled to give his score for the batting test. In the bowling test the bowler is required to bowl ten balls at target areas marked on the pitch. Each delivery is recorded to give him a score out of 100. The fielding test requires the fielder to catch and field seven balls in a predetermined sequence. Each fielded ball that is not thrown through the target area incurs a penalty of three seconds. The total time taken is used to obtain the fielding test score out of 100. In the general ability test the player is required to hit a ball up and down twenty-five times. He then has to run along a predetermined path and field three balls and then bowl three balls at a target. A penalty of three seconds is added onto the time taken for each ball that does not pass through the target area. The actual score, out of 100, is determined from the total time taken. To determine the validity of the objective tests of batting, bowling, fielding and general ability, 155 subjects were subjectively assessed in these four categories by experienced coaches. The four objective tests were then conducted on these subjects and the scores compared. Forty-four subjects were assessed by experienced and inexperienced testers to determine the reliability of the tests when administered by different testers. To determine the reliability of the tests when repeatedly administered by one tester 23 subjects were assessed on five consecutive days. Significant correlations (p < 0,05) were found for the tests of validity between subjective and objective assessment (0,43 to 0,81) and the test for objectivity between experienced and inexperienced testers (0,41 to 0,78). A significant improvement (p < 0,05) in scores occurred during repeated testing, but most of this improvement took place between the first two tests. The results indicate that the tests are valid and reliable tests of cricket batting, bowling, fielding and general ability, if sufficient pre-test practice is allowed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
A novel adjuvant : polymerised serum albumin beads
- Authors: Dewar, John Barr
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Antigens , Serum albumin
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4104 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011146 , Antigens , Serum albumin
- Description: Lee, T. et al (1981) proposed the encapsulation of hormones such as progesterone into serum albumin beads, such that their in vivo proteolysis would allow a gradual release of hormone at low levels, for extended hormone action. It was proposed, in the Department of Microbiology, Rhodes University, to replace the hormone component of the above bead formulation, with virus as antigen, in the development of a vaccine. Beads optimally crosslinked at 1% final glutaraldehyde concentration, containing Nodamura virus, were shown to promote an adjuvant effect in vivo, analogous to the release of antigen from Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA), so that extended immunostimulation resulted. It was shown that soluble antigen promoted a short-lived primary immune response, peaking around day 25 following inoculation. Antigen presented in beads, on the other hand, initially elicited a low humoral response, but this response gradually increased up to a peak around day 110 post inoculation, before decreasing. No apparent adverse side-effects were noted following inoculation of antigen-containing serum albumin beads, compared to necrosis following antigen in FCA inoculation, supporting the proposal of using albumin homotypic for the test inoculee animal, so that the beads would themselves be non-immunogenic and would merely act as a vehicle in the vaccine formulation. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to monitor the humoral response to antigen following inoculation. Results showed that covalent crosslinking of albumin in the formation of the beads did not promote immunogenicity on the part of the chemically altered albumin. The ELISA test was used to indicate the kinetics of the IgG response to Nodamura virus when presented in formulations such as: Freely soluble virus or its subunit; soluble intact virus inactivated by treatment with glutaraldehyde; intact virus entrapped in serum albumin beads cross; linked at different percentage final glutaraldehyde concentrations and also virus subunit prepared in albumin beads. The presence of virus-neutral ising antibodies was noted in serum obtained from rabbits inoculated with virus entrapped in albumin beads. Virus infectivity, titrated in mice, showed protection against virus challenge after incubation of virus with serum obtained above.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Dewar, John Barr
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Antigens , Serum albumin
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4104 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011146 , Antigens , Serum albumin
- Description: Lee, T. et al (1981) proposed the encapsulation of hormones such as progesterone into serum albumin beads, such that their in vivo proteolysis would allow a gradual release of hormone at low levels, for extended hormone action. It was proposed, in the Department of Microbiology, Rhodes University, to replace the hormone component of the above bead formulation, with virus as antigen, in the development of a vaccine. Beads optimally crosslinked at 1% final glutaraldehyde concentration, containing Nodamura virus, were shown to promote an adjuvant effect in vivo, analogous to the release of antigen from Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA), so that extended immunostimulation resulted. It was shown that soluble antigen promoted a short-lived primary immune response, peaking around day 25 following inoculation. Antigen presented in beads, on the other hand, initially elicited a low humoral response, but this response gradually increased up to a peak around day 110 post inoculation, before decreasing. No apparent adverse side-effects were noted following inoculation of antigen-containing serum albumin beads, compared to necrosis following antigen in FCA inoculation, supporting the proposal of using albumin homotypic for the test inoculee animal, so that the beads would themselves be non-immunogenic and would merely act as a vehicle in the vaccine formulation. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to monitor the humoral response to antigen following inoculation. Results showed that covalent crosslinking of albumin in the formation of the beads did not promote immunogenicity on the part of the chemically altered albumin. The ELISA test was used to indicate the kinetics of the IgG response to Nodamura virus when presented in formulations such as: Freely soluble virus or its subunit; soluble intact virus inactivated by treatment with glutaraldehyde; intact virus entrapped in serum albumin beads cross; linked at different percentage final glutaraldehyde concentrations and also virus subunit prepared in albumin beads. The presence of virus-neutral ising antibodies was noted in serum obtained from rabbits inoculated with virus entrapped in albumin beads. Virus infectivity, titrated in mice, showed protection against virus challenge after incubation of virus with serum obtained above.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Granitoid related Sn-W mineralisation with special reference to southern Africa, the Variscan Belt in Europe, and the Malay Peninsula
- Authors: Bentley, Philip Nelson
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Geotectonic settings , Granitoids , Granites , Tin-tungsten , Mineralisation , Greisen environment , Minerals , Exploration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4908 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001568
- Description: A review of the geotectonic settings of granitoids and various tin-tungsten provinces in Europe, Malaysia and southern Africa shows a close spatial and temporal association of mineralisation to S-type ilmenite series granitoids. Granitoids with these affinities are derived from crustal anatexis and are most commonly found in continental collision and different ensialic, intraplate orogenic settings, (e.g. SW England, Malaysia, Namibia) as well as in association with anorogenic magmatism (Nigeria, Brazil, South Africa). Tin-tungsten mineralisation is related to late- to post-tectonic granites, emplaced into areas of substantial tectonic thickening. Crustal anatexis leads to an observable calcalkaline chemical trend, with a source of gabbroic or amphibolite composition through anatexis to; mafic-intermediate enclaves, para-autochthonous anatectic granitoids (tonalite, granodiorite), to intermediate level quartz monzonite, granodiorite, biotite-granite, to late-tectonic highly fractionated muscovite-bearing granites, and high level porphyry intrusions. Mineralisation is spatially related to apical protrusions of the youngest most differentiated granite. Various mineralised environments are recognised, including endogranitic veins, primary disseminations, pegmatites and pipes, and exogranitic stockwork and fissure veins, and replacement bodies. A common factor to all these deposits is the inherent greisen environment, characterised by postmagmatic metasomatic alteration and mineral deposition. Common alteration mineral assemblages include albite, quartz, muscovite, tourmaline, and fluorite ∓ topaz. Ore mineral assemblages commonly display a paragenetic sequence of oxides (cassiterite, wolframite, scheelite), followed by sulphides (molybdenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite sphalerite, arsenopyrite/loëllingite, Pb-Bi(Ag) sulphosalts) and then lower temperature carbonates (calcite, siderite, ankerite). Analysis of Pan African orogenic provinces in southern Africa (Damara and Saldanian Provinces) shows there is good potential for applying integrated exploration techniques in search of endo-exogreisen Sn-W systems. Careful analysis and interpretation of granitoid geochemistry (K₂0, Na₂0, FeO/Fe₂0₃, F, B, Sn, W, Mo, Cu, Rb, Sr, Ti, Zr) should aid delineation of Sn-W and Mo-Cu metallogenic provinces in these regions. Magnetic susceptibility determinations should also aid distinction of S-type ilmenite series (less than 1 x lO⁻⁴emu/g ) from I-type magnetite series (more than 1 x lO⁻⁴emu/g ) granitoids
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Bentley, Philip Nelson
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Geotectonic settings , Granitoids , Granites , Tin-tungsten , Mineralisation , Greisen environment , Minerals , Exploration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4908 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001568
- Description: A review of the geotectonic settings of granitoids and various tin-tungsten provinces in Europe, Malaysia and southern Africa shows a close spatial and temporal association of mineralisation to S-type ilmenite series granitoids. Granitoids with these affinities are derived from crustal anatexis and are most commonly found in continental collision and different ensialic, intraplate orogenic settings, (e.g. SW England, Malaysia, Namibia) as well as in association with anorogenic magmatism (Nigeria, Brazil, South Africa). Tin-tungsten mineralisation is related to late- to post-tectonic granites, emplaced into areas of substantial tectonic thickening. Crustal anatexis leads to an observable calcalkaline chemical trend, with a source of gabbroic or amphibolite composition through anatexis to; mafic-intermediate enclaves, para-autochthonous anatectic granitoids (tonalite, granodiorite), to intermediate level quartz monzonite, granodiorite, biotite-granite, to late-tectonic highly fractionated muscovite-bearing granites, and high level porphyry intrusions. Mineralisation is spatially related to apical protrusions of the youngest most differentiated granite. Various mineralised environments are recognised, including endogranitic veins, primary disseminations, pegmatites and pipes, and exogranitic stockwork and fissure veins, and replacement bodies. A common factor to all these deposits is the inherent greisen environment, characterised by postmagmatic metasomatic alteration and mineral deposition. Common alteration mineral assemblages include albite, quartz, muscovite, tourmaline, and fluorite ∓ topaz. Ore mineral assemblages commonly display a paragenetic sequence of oxides (cassiterite, wolframite, scheelite), followed by sulphides (molybdenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite sphalerite, arsenopyrite/loëllingite, Pb-Bi(Ag) sulphosalts) and then lower temperature carbonates (calcite, siderite, ankerite). Analysis of Pan African orogenic provinces in southern Africa (Damara and Saldanian Provinces) shows there is good potential for applying integrated exploration techniques in search of endo-exogreisen Sn-W systems. Careful analysis and interpretation of granitoid geochemistry (K₂0, Na₂0, FeO/Fe₂0₃, F, B, Sn, W, Mo, Cu, Rb, Sr, Ti, Zr) should aid delineation of Sn-W and Mo-Cu metallogenic provinces in these regions. Magnetic susceptibility determinations should also aid distinction of S-type ilmenite series (less than 1 x lO⁻⁴emu/g ) from I-type magnetite series (more than 1 x lO⁻⁴emu/g ) granitoids
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985