Form and idea in the fiction and non-fiction of John Fowles
- Authors: Etter, Julie-Anne
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Fowles, John, 1926-2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2179 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001830
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Etter, Julie-Anne
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Fowles, John, 1926-2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2179 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001830
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Competition and segmentation : an analysis of wage determination and labour adjustments in manufacturing industry
- Authors: McCartan, Patrick John
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Labour supply , Labour market , Competition , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:927 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001453
- Description: The thesis itself proceeds according to the following outline. Chapter One is concerned with the neoclassical theory of the labour market. Three particular models are surveyed all of which attempt to explain wage differentials and labour adjustments within a competitive equilibrium framework. The basic model of the labour market which rests upon the marginal productivity theory of labour demand, the utility-maximising approach to labour supply and the competitive theory of market equilibrium is dealt with first.This is followed by an outline of human capital theory which emphasises the crucial role played by education and training in determining individual earnings . Finally, attention is focused on disequilibrium wage models of adjustment which account for wage dispersion in terms of the amount and quality of information available to transactors in the labour market.(Introduction, p. 3-4)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: McCartan, Patrick John
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Labour supply , Labour market , Competition , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:927 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001453
- Description: The thesis itself proceeds according to the following outline. Chapter One is concerned with the neoclassical theory of the labour market. Three particular models are surveyed all of which attempt to explain wage differentials and labour adjustments within a competitive equilibrium framework. The basic model of the labour market which rests upon the marginal productivity theory of labour demand, the utility-maximising approach to labour supply and the competitive theory of market equilibrium is dealt with first.This is followed by an outline of human capital theory which emphasises the crucial role played by education and training in determining individual earnings . Finally, attention is focused on disequilibrium wage models of adjustment which account for wage dispersion in terms of the amount and quality of information available to transactors in the labour market.(Introduction, p. 3-4)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
A study of petrol and diesel fuel blends with special reference to their thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria
- Authors: Heyward, Caroline
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21167 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6695
- Description: The ternary phase behaviour of the n-heptane-l-propanol-water system was studied and compared with the theoretical prediction based on the UNIQUAC model for non-electrolyte solutions. The results showed that this model adequately approximated experimental studies. The excess enthalpies and excess volumes for several binary mixtures were determined. The excess enthalpies were measured using a LKB flow microcalorimeter and the excess -volumes determined using a PAAR densitometer. The study showed that no significant enthalpy or volume changes occurred when petrol/n-heptane were mixed with alcohols. Ternary phase diagrams, including tie lines have been determined for a number of petrol-alcohol-water systems (including the Sasol blend of alcohols). The tie line results show that the concentration of water in the water-rich layer is strongly dependent on the type of alcohol used. The Sasol alcohol blended with petrol resulted in a high water concentration in the water-rich layer which forms on phase separation. This is believed to contribute significantly to the corrosion problems experienced by motorists using the Sasol blended fuel on the Witwatersrand. The effect of temperature on several of these blends was included in the study. Diesel-alcohol blends and the co-solvent properties of ethyl acetate investigated. Ethyl acetate ensures miscibility at low concentrations for diesel-ethanol blends. Octyl nitrate and two cetane improvers from AECI were assessed in terms of their ability to restore cetane rating of blended diesel fuel to that of pure diesel fuel. The results indicated that all three samples were successful in this application.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Heyward, Caroline
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21167 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6695
- Description: The ternary phase behaviour of the n-heptane-l-propanol-water system was studied and compared with the theoretical prediction based on the UNIQUAC model for non-electrolyte solutions. The results showed that this model adequately approximated experimental studies. The excess enthalpies and excess volumes for several binary mixtures were determined. The excess enthalpies were measured using a LKB flow microcalorimeter and the excess -volumes determined using a PAAR densitometer. The study showed that no significant enthalpy or volume changes occurred when petrol/n-heptane were mixed with alcohols. Ternary phase diagrams, including tie lines have been determined for a number of petrol-alcohol-water systems (including the Sasol blend of alcohols). The tie line results show that the concentration of water in the water-rich layer is strongly dependent on the type of alcohol used. The Sasol alcohol blended with petrol resulted in a high water concentration in the water-rich layer which forms on phase separation. This is believed to contribute significantly to the corrosion problems experienced by motorists using the Sasol blended fuel on the Witwatersrand. The effect of temperature on several of these blends was included in the study. Diesel-alcohol blends and the co-solvent properties of ethyl acetate investigated. Ethyl acetate ensures miscibility at low concentrations for diesel-ethanol blends. Octyl nitrate and two cetane improvers from AECI were assessed in terms of their ability to restore cetane rating of blended diesel fuel to that of pure diesel fuel. The results indicated that all three samples were successful in this application.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An historical perspective of income tax legislation in South Africa, 1910 to 1925
- Authors: Surtees, Peter Geoffrey
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:898 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004578 , Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Description: From Introduction: This work considers the period from Union, 31 May 1910 until promulgation of the Income Tax Act No. 40 of 1925.(1) It will describe the means, both financial and otherwise, by which the fledgling Government of the Union of South Africa contrived to balance its budget, and will consider the various sources of revenue available up to 1914, when the Government of Gen. Louis Botha first decided that a tax on income was necessary in order to maintain the solvency of the new State. Similarly the political pressures which shaped the nature of the Income Tax Acts up to 1925 will be discussed, and the political principles (or expediencies, depending on the degree of cynicism of the reader) which led the parties in power from time to time to make the decisions they did regarding the provisions of the various Acts. The effect of external political situations such as the Great War of 1914 - 1918 will be examined, as will the consequences of the rebellion of 1914 and the strikes of 1913 and 1922. The legislation predictably spawned a considerable body of litigation as taxpayers hastened to find and exploit loopholes in it; the resultant Income Tax Cases, in the Income Tax Special Court, Supreme Court and Appeal Court, formed the embryo of a body of judicial precedent which today encompasses some two thousand case reports. A few of the cases decided in the period up to 1925 are still quoted today; for example, CIR v Lunnon 1924 AD 1 SATC 7. The relevant cases from the period will enjoy consideration, with descriptions of how their verdicts affected either subsequent income tax principles or later legislation. Also considered will be the inception during this period of the way in which income tax legislation largely develops: the legislature promulgates an Act, the taxpayers discover legitimate ways to reduce their tax burden and the Minister of Finance consequently causes the Act to be changed in order to protect the tax base. Thereupon the resolute taxpayers seek loopholes anew. The effect of economic conditions on income tax legislation will engage attention; several such conditions cast their shadows into the House of Assembly during that 15 year period, notably the post-war recession and the drought of 1919. The selection of this period is apposite for several reasons: it covers the period during which income tax legislation came into being; - it includes several notable political occurrences. thus making possible a consideration of their effect on income tax legislation; it includes a natural cataclysm. namely a major drought. which also had an effect on subsequent Income Tax Acts; - a sufficient number of income tax cases was heard during the period to afford a fair indication both of how the body of case law would develop and how it would perpetually interplay with the legislation; it clearly illustrates the differences between the two great political parties of the time, differences largely caused by the vested interests of each; the dominant South African Party, with its need to retain the support of the commercial and particularly the mining sectors, and the smaller but even then growing National Party with its face set firmly towards the rural constituencies and the embattled farmers; - the period culminates in the Income Tax Act of 1925, a significant change from its predecessors, and the second Income Tax Act of the Pact Government. The imposition of taxes by the respective provinces does not form part of this work, as the scope of the discussion is limited to the various Income Tax Acts, and their development has been overseen by the central government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Surtees, Peter Geoffrey
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:898 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004578 , Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Description: From Introduction: This work considers the period from Union, 31 May 1910 until promulgation of the Income Tax Act No. 40 of 1925.(1) It will describe the means, both financial and otherwise, by which the fledgling Government of the Union of South Africa contrived to balance its budget, and will consider the various sources of revenue available up to 1914, when the Government of Gen. Louis Botha first decided that a tax on income was necessary in order to maintain the solvency of the new State. Similarly the political pressures which shaped the nature of the Income Tax Acts up to 1925 will be discussed, and the political principles (or expediencies, depending on the degree of cynicism of the reader) which led the parties in power from time to time to make the decisions they did regarding the provisions of the various Acts. The effect of external political situations such as the Great War of 1914 - 1918 will be examined, as will the consequences of the rebellion of 1914 and the strikes of 1913 and 1922. The legislation predictably spawned a considerable body of litigation as taxpayers hastened to find and exploit loopholes in it; the resultant Income Tax Cases, in the Income Tax Special Court, Supreme Court and Appeal Court, formed the embryo of a body of judicial precedent which today encompasses some two thousand case reports. A few of the cases decided in the period up to 1925 are still quoted today; for example, CIR v Lunnon 1924 AD 1 SATC 7. The relevant cases from the period will enjoy consideration, with descriptions of how their verdicts affected either subsequent income tax principles or later legislation. Also considered will be the inception during this period of the way in which income tax legislation largely develops: the legislature promulgates an Act, the taxpayers discover legitimate ways to reduce their tax burden and the Minister of Finance consequently causes the Act to be changed in order to protect the tax base. Thereupon the resolute taxpayers seek loopholes anew. The effect of economic conditions on income tax legislation will engage attention; several such conditions cast their shadows into the House of Assembly during that 15 year period, notably the post-war recession and the drought of 1919. The selection of this period is apposite for several reasons: it covers the period during which income tax legislation came into being; - it includes several notable political occurrences. thus making possible a consideration of their effect on income tax legislation; it includes a natural cataclysm. namely a major drought. which also had an effect on subsequent Income Tax Acts; - a sufficient number of income tax cases was heard during the period to afford a fair indication both of how the body of case law would develop and how it would perpetually interplay with the legislation; it clearly illustrates the differences between the two great political parties of the time, differences largely caused by the vested interests of each; the dominant South African Party, with its need to retain the support of the commercial and particularly the mining sectors, and the smaller but even then growing National Party with its face set firmly towards the rural constituencies and the embattled farmers; - the period culminates in the Income Tax Act of 1925, a significant change from its predecessors, and the second Income Tax Act of the Pact Government. The imposition of taxes by the respective provinces does not form part of this work, as the scope of the discussion is limited to the various Income Tax Acts, and their development has been overseen by the central government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Elie Wiesel's fictional universe : the paradox of the mute narrator
- Authors: Berman, Mona
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Wiesel, Elie, 1928- -- Criticism and interpretation , Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) -- Personal narratives , Auschwitz , Narration , Silence , English literature , Criticism
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2178 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001829
- Description: The approach I have chosen for my study is to analyse the narrative techniques in Wiesel's fiction, with particular emphasis on the role of the narrator and listener in the narratives. This will not only highlight aspects of his authorial strategy involving the reader's response to various dimensions of the Holocaust, but will allow an appraisal of the literary merit of Wiesel's novels. The hushed reverence that tends to accompany allusions to Auschwitz and its literature has impeded certain theoretical investigations, with the result that most critical studies undertaken on Wiesel's works have dealt predominantly with themes and content rather than with form. A narrative approach, however, while it accounts for themes, does so within the narrative process of the work. Form and content are examined as interwoven entities in the particular context of an individual work. My decision to adopt this pursuit is based on the conviction that Wiesel's fiction is a significant contribution to the literature of testimony, not only because of its subject matter, but also because of the way in which his narrators unfold their stories with words suspended by silence in the text. The paradox of the mute narrator, the title of my study, is intended to convey the paradoxical quality of Wiesel's fiction and to show how silence, which is manifested in the themes of his work, is concretized by his strategy of entrusting the transmission of the tale to narrators, who, for various reasons have been silenced. A mute by definition cannot emit an articulate sound. A narrator, on the other hand, is a storyteller who is reliant on verbal articulation for communication. This contradiction in terms is dramatized in the novels and is symptomatic of the dilemma of Wiesel's narrators who are compelled to bear testimony through their silence. In my study of Wiesel's fiction, I will follow the chronological sequence in which the novels were written, although I will not be using a developmental approach, except to point out that the trilogy which marks the beginning of his exploration into narrative strategies, and The Testament, the last book I will be dealing with, are a culmination of his previous fictional techniques. While a developmental analysis of his fiction, particularly from a thematic point of view, enables the reader to gain insight into his background, which is important in a comprehensive study of his works, I feel that this avenue of investigation has been competently dealt with by other critics. Ellen Fine's Legacy of Night, one of the first book-length studies of Wiesel, puts forward a convincing argument for examining his fiction in chronological sequence as a kind of serialized journey from being a witness in l'univers concentrationnaire to bearing - witness in a post-Holocaust world. Furthermore, it is possible to trace the direction Wiesel's fiction follows, as in each book the seeds are sown for new ideas which are expanded upon in subsequent books. My discussion, however, will deal with the narrative process of each novel as an individual work in its own particular context. Apart from the trilogy which is examined in one chapter, and The Testament which serves as a conclusion to the study, I have not used cross references to Wiesel's other fiction when analysing specific books. Moreover, I have deliberately avoided including Wiesel's comments on his works and references to them in his essays, interviews and non-fiction writing. The reason for this approach is that I consider each novel to be a separate narrative work which merits an interpretative response that is independent of the comparative criteria that has up to now influenced the assessment of his fiction. (Introduction, p. 12-14)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Berman, Mona
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Wiesel, Elie, 1928- -- Criticism and interpretation , Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) -- Personal narratives , Auschwitz , Narration , Silence , English literature , Criticism
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2178 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001829
- Description: The approach I have chosen for my study is to analyse the narrative techniques in Wiesel's fiction, with particular emphasis on the role of the narrator and listener in the narratives. This will not only highlight aspects of his authorial strategy involving the reader's response to various dimensions of the Holocaust, but will allow an appraisal of the literary merit of Wiesel's novels. The hushed reverence that tends to accompany allusions to Auschwitz and its literature has impeded certain theoretical investigations, with the result that most critical studies undertaken on Wiesel's works have dealt predominantly with themes and content rather than with form. A narrative approach, however, while it accounts for themes, does so within the narrative process of the work. Form and content are examined as interwoven entities in the particular context of an individual work. My decision to adopt this pursuit is based on the conviction that Wiesel's fiction is a significant contribution to the literature of testimony, not only because of its subject matter, but also because of the way in which his narrators unfold their stories with words suspended by silence in the text. The paradox of the mute narrator, the title of my study, is intended to convey the paradoxical quality of Wiesel's fiction and to show how silence, which is manifested in the themes of his work, is concretized by his strategy of entrusting the transmission of the tale to narrators, who, for various reasons have been silenced. A mute by definition cannot emit an articulate sound. A narrator, on the other hand, is a storyteller who is reliant on verbal articulation for communication. This contradiction in terms is dramatized in the novels and is symptomatic of the dilemma of Wiesel's narrators who are compelled to bear testimony through their silence. In my study of Wiesel's fiction, I will follow the chronological sequence in which the novels were written, although I will not be using a developmental approach, except to point out that the trilogy which marks the beginning of his exploration into narrative strategies, and The Testament, the last book I will be dealing with, are a culmination of his previous fictional techniques. While a developmental analysis of his fiction, particularly from a thematic point of view, enables the reader to gain insight into his background, which is important in a comprehensive study of his works, I feel that this avenue of investigation has been competently dealt with by other critics. Ellen Fine's Legacy of Night, one of the first book-length studies of Wiesel, puts forward a convincing argument for examining his fiction in chronological sequence as a kind of serialized journey from being a witness in l'univers concentrationnaire to bearing - witness in a post-Holocaust world. Furthermore, it is possible to trace the direction Wiesel's fiction follows, as in each book the seeds are sown for new ideas which are expanded upon in subsequent books. My discussion, however, will deal with the narrative process of each novel as an individual work in its own particular context. Apart from the trilogy which is examined in one chapter, and The Testament which serves as a conclusion to the study, I have not used cross references to Wiesel's other fiction when analysing specific books. Moreover, I have deliberately avoided including Wiesel's comments on his works and references to them in his essays, interviews and non-fiction writing. The reason for this approach is that I consider each novel to be a separate narrative work which merits an interpretative response that is independent of the comparative criteria that has up to now influenced the assessment of his fiction. (Introduction, p. 12-14)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An analysis of the influence exerted by the pharmacist and pharmacy assistant in the purchase decision of health and beauty aid products
- Authors: Suttner, Raymond Sharl
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Cosmetics -- Marketing , Consumer behavior , Pharmacists -- Information services , Drugstores -- Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1189 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004383 , Cosmetics -- Marketing , Consumer behavior , Pharmacists -- Information services , Drugstores -- Marketing
- Description: [Introduction] The 1980s have ushered in an era of extreme competitive pressure for the modern business organisation. In previous times many business organisations have succeeded simply because of the excellence of their products, with little concern or attention being paid to the wants and needs of potential customers. As the business environment has become more competitive, however, the point of focus has changed. There is ample evidence which suggests a correlation between success in business and firms which have adopted a marketing-orientated philosophy of business. The evolution of marketing as a discipline has been hastened in recent times by the need of the firm to survive in the face of increasing competition. This "increasing attention" is occurring because of the realisation that sheer product excellence alone will not necessarily mean that the firm will succeed in establishing a group of satisfied customers in the long term. It is the adoption of the so-called "marketing concept" which provides the opportunity for the firm to develop a competitive edge which will more likely eventuate in success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Suttner, Raymond Sharl
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Cosmetics -- Marketing , Consumer behavior , Pharmacists -- Information services , Drugstores -- Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1189 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004383 , Cosmetics -- Marketing , Consumer behavior , Pharmacists -- Information services , Drugstores -- Marketing
- Description: [Introduction] The 1980s have ushered in an era of extreme competitive pressure for the modern business organisation. In previous times many business organisations have succeeded simply because of the excellence of their products, with little concern or attention being paid to the wants and needs of potential customers. As the business environment has become more competitive, however, the point of focus has changed. There is ample evidence which suggests a correlation between success in business and firms which have adopted a marketing-orientated philosophy of business. The evolution of marketing as a discipline has been hastened in recent times by the need of the firm to survive in the face of increasing competition. This "increasing attention" is occurring because of the realisation that sheer product excellence alone will not necessarily mean that the firm will succeed in establishing a group of satisfied customers in the long term. It is the adoption of the so-called "marketing concept" which provides the opportunity for the firm to develop a competitive edge which will more likely eventuate in success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
A preliminary investigation into the use of computers in the teaching of mathematics
- Van Hille, Gilles Ernst Willem
- Authors: Van Hille, Gilles Ernst Willem
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Computer-assisted instruction Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Data processing Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004382
- Description: Like many South African high school mathematics teachers I have followed the development of computers with interest and I have tried wherever possible to gain some experience on them. Thus when microcomputers became more readily available the mathematics department at our school, Graeme College in Grahamstown, motivated for the school to acquire this powerful new tool. The eventual outcome was that the Old Boys' Association donated to the school 3 BBC B microcomputers with monitors, a disc drive, a printer and two tape recorders. These have now been in the school for three years. The acquisition prompted this research project which takes the following form:- 1) An investigation into some of the uses of microcomputers in schools and, in particular, in the mathematics classroom. 2) A statement on the present position adopted by the Cape Education Department on the use of computers in schools. 3) A study of what the experience has been in other countries, particularly in Britain and the United States of America. 4) A description of an investigation which was undertaken at our school using the method of Action Research and Triangulation. Its aim was to investigate the feasibility of using a microcomputer to aid in the teaching of mathematics and the reaction of the pupils to this innovation. Three different approaches were implemented. a) The algorithmic approach: In this investigation a class of standard eight pupils were required, with the help of the teacher, to write, enter and test a short computer program which would solve any pair of simultaneous linear equations of the form, ax + by = c. Their reaction to this form of instruction was noted by myself and a non-participant observer. The pupils themselves were also asked to express their reactions, both verbally and by filling in a prepared questionnaire. Examples of worksheets, exam questions and analysed questionnaires are given in the appendix. Short programs which examine various other mathematical concepts are also listed and discussed. b) The audio-visual approach: In this case use was made of a graphs software package in which the computer would draw either a straight line, circle, parabola or hyperbola when the appropriate variables were entered. This package also includes a graph game facility where participants are required to find the equation of the graph which will pass through three given points. Points are awarded if the correct type of graph is chosen and the variables are entered within a certain time interval. The pupils involved in this investigation were standard eight higher grade mathematics pupils and their reaction to this form of instruction was again noted using the methods described in (a) above. c) Computer Aided Instruction: Here I was most fortunate to be able to make use of the Rhodes University PLATO Centre. This allowed me to take a class of eighteen standard eight higher grade mathematics pupils to the Centre. Here during four sessions, each of just over an hour, the pupils interacted with the software on the computer terminal. The software used was a set of five lessons written by Barbara Lederman of the Community College Maths Group, of the University of Illinois in 1976. The lessons give instruction and require the pupils to transform, plot and draw the graphs of linear equations of the form, ax + by + c = 0, x = c and y = b. They are also taught and required to find the equations of given straight lines. Their reactions to this form of instruction are discussed after each session. 5) In conclusion some thoughts are given on how computers can best be utilised in the school situation, with particular reference to the teaching of mathematics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Van Hille, Gilles Ernst Willem
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Computer-assisted instruction Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Data processing Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004382
- Description: Like many South African high school mathematics teachers I have followed the development of computers with interest and I have tried wherever possible to gain some experience on them. Thus when microcomputers became more readily available the mathematics department at our school, Graeme College in Grahamstown, motivated for the school to acquire this powerful new tool. The eventual outcome was that the Old Boys' Association donated to the school 3 BBC B microcomputers with monitors, a disc drive, a printer and two tape recorders. These have now been in the school for three years. The acquisition prompted this research project which takes the following form:- 1) An investigation into some of the uses of microcomputers in schools and, in particular, in the mathematics classroom. 2) A statement on the present position adopted by the Cape Education Department on the use of computers in schools. 3) A study of what the experience has been in other countries, particularly in Britain and the United States of America. 4) A description of an investigation which was undertaken at our school using the method of Action Research and Triangulation. Its aim was to investigate the feasibility of using a microcomputer to aid in the teaching of mathematics and the reaction of the pupils to this innovation. Three different approaches were implemented. a) The algorithmic approach: In this investigation a class of standard eight pupils were required, with the help of the teacher, to write, enter and test a short computer program which would solve any pair of simultaneous linear equations of the form, ax + by = c. Their reaction to this form of instruction was noted by myself and a non-participant observer. The pupils themselves were also asked to express their reactions, both verbally and by filling in a prepared questionnaire. Examples of worksheets, exam questions and analysed questionnaires are given in the appendix. Short programs which examine various other mathematical concepts are also listed and discussed. b) The audio-visual approach: In this case use was made of a graphs software package in which the computer would draw either a straight line, circle, parabola or hyperbola when the appropriate variables were entered. This package also includes a graph game facility where participants are required to find the equation of the graph which will pass through three given points. Points are awarded if the correct type of graph is chosen and the variables are entered within a certain time interval. The pupils involved in this investigation were standard eight higher grade mathematics pupils and their reaction to this form of instruction was again noted using the methods described in (a) above. c) Computer Aided Instruction: Here I was most fortunate to be able to make use of the Rhodes University PLATO Centre. This allowed me to take a class of eighteen standard eight higher grade mathematics pupils to the Centre. Here during four sessions, each of just over an hour, the pupils interacted with the software on the computer terminal. The software used was a set of five lessons written by Barbara Lederman of the Community College Maths Group, of the University of Illinois in 1976. The lessons give instruction and require the pupils to transform, plot and draw the graphs of linear equations of the form, ax + by + c = 0, x = c and y = b. They are also taught and required to find the equations of given straight lines. Their reactions to this form of instruction are discussed after each session. 5) In conclusion some thoughts are given on how computers can best be utilised in the school situation, with particular reference to the teaching of mathematics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Die Ndzundza-Ndebele en die blankes in Transvaal, 1845-1883
- Van Jaarsveld, Floris Albertus, 1922-1995
- Authors: Van Jaarsveld, Floris Albertus, 1922-1995
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Ndebele (African people) -- History , Transvaal (South Africa) -- History
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2578 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004379 , Ndebele (African people) -- History , Transvaal (South Africa) -- History
- Description: In 1969 het Leonard Thompson met reg beweer dat Suid-Afrikaanse historici hulle tot op hede hoofsaaklik besig gehou het met die doen en late van 'n Blanke gemeenskap wat die land sedert 1652 oorheers het. Die Swartman was die "forgotten factor" in die geskiedenis van Suider-Afrika. Waar die Swartman die onderwerp van wetenskaplike studie was, is dit aan argeoloë, linguiste, etnoloë en fisiese en sosiale antropoloë oorgelaat. Tereg het Thompson kort hierna opgemerk: "We need to know much more about the complex process by which African chiefdoms became incorporated in white controlled politics in the late nineteenth century. Only when monographs have been written on several individual cases, shall we be in a position to reach definite conclusions about the process as a whole ". Sedert hierdie uitspraak van Thompson het verskeie historici hulle op die terrein van die "forgotten factor" begewe. Omvangryke publikasies oor onder andere die Zulu, Pedi, Sotho asook die Swazi's het sedertdien die lig gesien, terwyl 'n werk oor die Tswana van Wes-Transvaal pas verskyn het. Hierteenoor het heelwat van die kleiner en minder invloedryke swart groeperinge tot op hede steeds agterweë gebly. Wat Noordoos Transvaal betref - meer spesifiek die gebied tussen die Elandsrivier, die Lebomboberg en die Krokodilrivier wat die Ohrigstadse Volksraad in 1846 van Mswati gekoop het, was daar behalwe die Pedi verskeie ander groepe aanwesig wat almal gedurende die loop van die negentiende eeu onder Blanke gesag gekom het. Hieronder het getel die Ndzundza, die Kopa, Tau, Kwena, Ntwane, Koni, Rôka, Kutswe , Pai en Pulana, waarvan die Ndzundza en Kopa die belangrikste was. Ten spyte van die feit dat daar heelwat argivale bronne oor hierdie groepe bestaan, het geen navorser dit tot op hede nog ontgin nie. Oor die onderwerping van hierdie stamme aan Blanke gesag gedurende die negentiende eeu, is daar weinig bekend. Wat die Ndzundza-geskiedenis betref, geld Thompson se opmerking nog steeds dat historici wetenskaplike studie oor die Swartes tradisioneel aan navorsers uit ander dissiplines oorgelaat het. Dit blyk duidelik uit 'n ontleding van sekondêre materiaal wat oor die Ndzundza bestaan. Verskeie studies van volkekundige aard is oor die verskillende kulturele fasette en pre-koloniale geskiedenis van die Transvaalse Ndebele, waarvan die Ndzundza deel uitmaak, gedoen. In die meeste van hierdie studies word die pre-Blanke geskiedenis van die Ndzundza as inleiding aangebied, terwyl daar in sommige gevalle ook na die historiese tydperk verwys word. Op hierdie wyse is die herkomsgeskiedenis van die Ndzundza met behulp van mondelinge tradisies redelik volledig opgeteken. As gevolg van die feit dat geen argivale bronne geraadpleeg is nie, is die volkekundige werke wat die historiese tydperk betref, deurspek met spekulasies, onjuisthede en valse aannames. Met enkele uitsonderings berus verwysings deur die enkele historici wat die Ndzundza-geskiedenis behandel, veral met betrekking tot die tydperk voor 1882, grootliks op die uitsprake van volkekundiges. Dit het meegebring dat die huidige beeld en feitelikhede omtrent die negentiende eeuse Ndzundza-geskiedenis onjuis is, veral soos dit in algemene geskiedenisse opgeteken staan. Hierteenoor het verskeie historici die Mapoch-oorlog van 1882- 1883, waartydens die Ndzundza hul onafhanklikheid verloor het, behandel. In sy biografie oor genl P. J. Joubert het J. A. Mouton die oorlog tot 'n enkele hoofstuk beperk. Vir Mouton gaan dit egter om Joubert se persoonlike aandeel en gee hy gevolglik nie veel aandag aan die belangrikste aspek van die oorlog, naamlik die oorsake, nie. H. P. van Coller het in 1941 'n MA-verhandeling die lig laat sien waarin die oorsake en verloop van die Mapoch-oorlog beskryf word. Van Coller se uiteensetting omtrent die oorsake van die oorlog is egter ontoereikend aangesien dit heelwat onjuisthede bevat, geweldig subjektief is en nie ontkom aan naïewe aannames en uitsprake nie. Die belangrikste oorsaak van die oorlog, naamlik gronddispute, word deur Van Coller geignoreer. Voorts behandel hy die oorlog as 'n gevolg van die moord op Sekhukhune, sodat die Ndzundza "toevallig" betrek word. Ander historici se verwysings na die oorlog is ook ontoereikend omdat dit in die meeste gevalle beperk bly tot enkele bladsye en paragrawe. Tot op hede is die negentiende eeuse Ndzundza-geskiedenis dus nog of onvolledig, of onjuis opgeteken. Met hierdie studie word gepoog om 'n bydrae in hierdie verband te maak. Omdat die historisiese feite omtrent die verloop van die 1882-1883 oorlog grootliks bekend is, val die klem op die tydperk daarvóór. Voorts moet dit gemeld word dat dit in hierdie studie hoofsaaklik gaan om die faktore wat die verhoudinge tussen die Ndzundza en die Blankes bepaal het, te elimineer. Ander aspekte wat ter sprake kom is onder andere die uitwerking wat die Blanke besetting van Noordoos-Transvaal op die Ndzundza gehad het, gronddispute, arbeidsaangeleenthede, Swazi- en die Pedi-deelname in die Blankes se pogings om die Ndzundza te onderwerp van die asook die uiteindelike vernietiging en verlies onafhanklikheid van die Ndzundza. Die spelwyse van sekere name en benaminge wat in hierdie verhandeling voorkom, het in sommige gevalle probleme opgelewer. Die meerderheid Ndebele name is gespel volgens die voorskrifte van die Suid-Ndebele taalraad. Waar die korrekte moderne spelling van Swartes se name nie vasgestel kon word nie, is dit in aanhalingstekens weergegee soos dit in die dokument voorkom. AIle amptelike benamings soos staatspresident of koloniale sekretaris is in die teks met 'n kleinlettertjie gespel maar in die voetnotas met 'n hoofletter. Die motivering hiervoor is die Afrikaanse gebruik om amptelike benamings binne Westerse staatsverband met 'n hoofletter te spel maar benamings in tradisionele verband soos kaptein, opperhoof of hoofman met 'n kleinlettertjie, wat myns insiens op diskriminasie neerkom. Wat die spel van die woord swart betref: Waar dit as byvoeglike naamwoord gebruik word (bv. swart kindertjies), is deurgaans van kleinletters gebruik gemaak. Hoofletters is gebruik wanneer dit as selfstandige naamwoord gebruik word, bv. Die Swartes. Die terme kaffer en meid is waar moontlik, vermy. Die aangehaalde stukke waarin dit weI voorkom, moet nie as beledigend beskou word nie maar as verteenwoordigend van die terminolgoie van 'n bepaalde tyd in die geskiedenis. Die bedoeling was geensins om enigiemand te na te kom nie. wat ter sprake kom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Van Jaarsveld, Floris Albertus, 1922-1995
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Ndebele (African people) -- History , Transvaal (South Africa) -- History
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2578 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004379 , Ndebele (African people) -- History , Transvaal (South Africa) -- History
- Description: In 1969 het Leonard Thompson met reg beweer dat Suid-Afrikaanse historici hulle tot op hede hoofsaaklik besig gehou het met die doen en late van 'n Blanke gemeenskap wat die land sedert 1652 oorheers het. Die Swartman was die "forgotten factor" in die geskiedenis van Suider-Afrika. Waar die Swartman die onderwerp van wetenskaplike studie was, is dit aan argeoloë, linguiste, etnoloë en fisiese en sosiale antropoloë oorgelaat. Tereg het Thompson kort hierna opgemerk: "We need to know much more about the complex process by which African chiefdoms became incorporated in white controlled politics in the late nineteenth century. Only when monographs have been written on several individual cases, shall we be in a position to reach definite conclusions about the process as a whole ". Sedert hierdie uitspraak van Thompson het verskeie historici hulle op die terrein van die "forgotten factor" begewe. Omvangryke publikasies oor onder andere die Zulu, Pedi, Sotho asook die Swazi's het sedertdien die lig gesien, terwyl 'n werk oor die Tswana van Wes-Transvaal pas verskyn het. Hierteenoor het heelwat van die kleiner en minder invloedryke swart groeperinge tot op hede steeds agterweë gebly. Wat Noordoos Transvaal betref - meer spesifiek die gebied tussen die Elandsrivier, die Lebomboberg en die Krokodilrivier wat die Ohrigstadse Volksraad in 1846 van Mswati gekoop het, was daar behalwe die Pedi verskeie ander groepe aanwesig wat almal gedurende die loop van die negentiende eeu onder Blanke gesag gekom het. Hieronder het getel die Ndzundza, die Kopa, Tau, Kwena, Ntwane, Koni, Rôka, Kutswe , Pai en Pulana, waarvan die Ndzundza en Kopa die belangrikste was. Ten spyte van die feit dat daar heelwat argivale bronne oor hierdie groepe bestaan, het geen navorser dit tot op hede nog ontgin nie. Oor die onderwerping van hierdie stamme aan Blanke gesag gedurende die negentiende eeu, is daar weinig bekend. Wat die Ndzundza-geskiedenis betref, geld Thompson se opmerking nog steeds dat historici wetenskaplike studie oor die Swartes tradisioneel aan navorsers uit ander dissiplines oorgelaat het. Dit blyk duidelik uit 'n ontleding van sekondêre materiaal wat oor die Ndzundza bestaan. Verskeie studies van volkekundige aard is oor die verskillende kulturele fasette en pre-koloniale geskiedenis van die Transvaalse Ndebele, waarvan die Ndzundza deel uitmaak, gedoen. In die meeste van hierdie studies word die pre-Blanke geskiedenis van die Ndzundza as inleiding aangebied, terwyl daar in sommige gevalle ook na die historiese tydperk verwys word. Op hierdie wyse is die herkomsgeskiedenis van die Ndzundza met behulp van mondelinge tradisies redelik volledig opgeteken. As gevolg van die feit dat geen argivale bronne geraadpleeg is nie, is die volkekundige werke wat die historiese tydperk betref, deurspek met spekulasies, onjuisthede en valse aannames. Met enkele uitsonderings berus verwysings deur die enkele historici wat die Ndzundza-geskiedenis behandel, veral met betrekking tot die tydperk voor 1882, grootliks op die uitsprake van volkekundiges. Dit het meegebring dat die huidige beeld en feitelikhede omtrent die negentiende eeuse Ndzundza-geskiedenis onjuis is, veral soos dit in algemene geskiedenisse opgeteken staan. Hierteenoor het verskeie historici die Mapoch-oorlog van 1882- 1883, waartydens die Ndzundza hul onafhanklikheid verloor het, behandel. In sy biografie oor genl P. J. Joubert het J. A. Mouton die oorlog tot 'n enkele hoofstuk beperk. Vir Mouton gaan dit egter om Joubert se persoonlike aandeel en gee hy gevolglik nie veel aandag aan die belangrikste aspek van die oorlog, naamlik die oorsake, nie. H. P. van Coller het in 1941 'n MA-verhandeling die lig laat sien waarin die oorsake en verloop van die Mapoch-oorlog beskryf word. Van Coller se uiteensetting omtrent die oorsake van die oorlog is egter ontoereikend aangesien dit heelwat onjuisthede bevat, geweldig subjektief is en nie ontkom aan naïewe aannames en uitsprake nie. Die belangrikste oorsaak van die oorlog, naamlik gronddispute, word deur Van Coller geignoreer. Voorts behandel hy die oorlog as 'n gevolg van die moord op Sekhukhune, sodat die Ndzundza "toevallig" betrek word. Ander historici se verwysings na die oorlog is ook ontoereikend omdat dit in die meeste gevalle beperk bly tot enkele bladsye en paragrawe. Tot op hede is die negentiende eeuse Ndzundza-geskiedenis dus nog of onvolledig, of onjuis opgeteken. Met hierdie studie word gepoog om 'n bydrae in hierdie verband te maak. Omdat die historisiese feite omtrent die verloop van die 1882-1883 oorlog grootliks bekend is, val die klem op die tydperk daarvóór. Voorts moet dit gemeld word dat dit in hierdie studie hoofsaaklik gaan om die faktore wat die verhoudinge tussen die Ndzundza en die Blankes bepaal het, te elimineer. Ander aspekte wat ter sprake kom is onder andere die uitwerking wat die Blanke besetting van Noordoos-Transvaal op die Ndzundza gehad het, gronddispute, arbeidsaangeleenthede, Swazi- en die Pedi-deelname in die Blankes se pogings om die Ndzundza te onderwerp van die asook die uiteindelike vernietiging en verlies onafhanklikheid van die Ndzundza. Die spelwyse van sekere name en benaminge wat in hierdie verhandeling voorkom, het in sommige gevalle probleme opgelewer. Die meerderheid Ndebele name is gespel volgens die voorskrifte van die Suid-Ndebele taalraad. Waar die korrekte moderne spelling van Swartes se name nie vasgestel kon word nie, is dit in aanhalingstekens weergegee soos dit in die dokument voorkom. AIle amptelike benamings soos staatspresident of koloniale sekretaris is in die teks met 'n kleinlettertjie gespel maar in die voetnotas met 'n hoofletter. Die motivering hiervoor is die Afrikaanse gebruik om amptelike benamings binne Westerse staatsverband met 'n hoofletter te spel maar benamings in tradisionele verband soos kaptein, opperhoof of hoofman met 'n kleinlettertjie, wat myns insiens op diskriminasie neerkom. Wat die spel van die woord swart betref: Waar dit as byvoeglike naamwoord gebruik word (bv. swart kindertjies), is deurgaans van kleinletters gebruik gemaak. Hoofletters is gebruik wanneer dit as selfstandige naamwoord gebruik word, bv. Die Swartes. Die terme kaffer en meid is waar moontlik, vermy. Die aangehaalde stukke waarin dit weI voorkom, moet nie as beledigend beskou word nie maar as verteenwoordigend van die terminolgoie van 'n bepaalde tyd in die geskiedenis. Die bedoeling was geensins om enigiemand te na te kom nie. wat ter sprake kom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An investigation into the present system of orientation for pupils entering high school under the jurisdiction of the Cape Education Department, leading to an orientation programme
- Heath, John Lionel Potgieter
- Authors: Heath, John Lionel Potgieter
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Education, Secondary -- South Africa Educational change -- South Africa Education and state -- South Africa Educational law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1870 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004769
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Heath, John Lionel Potgieter
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Education, Secondary -- South Africa Educational change -- South Africa Education and state -- South Africa Educational law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1870 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004769
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An examination of Aristotelian modality
- Authors: Munshi, Salma
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Aristotle , Modality (Theory of knowledge)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001978
- Description: From introduction: A popular misconception regarding Aristotle's views on modality is that Aristotle adhered to the doctrine of no unrealized possibilities. According to this doctrine, all possibilities are realized in time; in other words, if it is possible that something could happen, then at some time it is the case that that happens. For example, if it is possible for Socrates to escape from prison, then there will be a time at which Socrates will actually escape from prison. On this view, the possible and the actual co-incide; whereas there is abundant evidence that Aristotle was careful to maintain a distinction between the possible and the actual.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Munshi, Salma
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Aristotle , Modality (Theory of knowledge)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001978
- Description: From introduction: A popular misconception regarding Aristotle's views on modality is that Aristotle adhered to the doctrine of no unrealized possibilities. According to this doctrine, all possibilities are realized in time; in other words, if it is possible that something could happen, then at some time it is the case that that happens. For example, if it is possible for Socrates to escape from prison, then there will be a time at which Socrates will actually escape from prison. On this view, the possible and the actual co-incide; whereas there is abundant evidence that Aristotle was careful to maintain a distinction between the possible and the actual.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Les aspects metephysiques du theatre de Ionesco
- Authors: Thomas, David Croft
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Ionesco, Eugène -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3610 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004534 , Ionesco, Eugène -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: From Introduction: Au cours d'une interview accordée à deux critiques littéraires, le 9 novembre 1976 , Ionesco déclare : Un retour à la métaphysique me semble, à notré epoque, indispensable. Ce point de vue nous semble être d'une importance fondamentale, tant par la référence à un probleme spécifiquement moderne, que par la formulation d'une profonde préoccupation de l'auteur. Ionesco résume par là un débat qui informe continuellement son oeuvre théàtrale. Ce débat, et cette quête, sont les thèmes essentiels que nous voudrions mettre à jour dans cette oeuvre . Nous proposons donc d'étudier le désir et l'effort que manifeste et que tente l ' homme moderne, imbu d'une culture matérialiste, laïque et profane, pour retrouver la vie spirituelle de ses ancêtres son aspiration à la connaissance du sacré . Ce sujet, aussi vaste qu'il est élémentaire, exige l'examen de l'oeuvre complàte afin d'en dégager les constantes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Thomas, David Croft
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Ionesco, Eugène -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3610 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004534 , Ionesco, Eugène -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: From Introduction: Au cours d'une interview accordée à deux critiques littéraires, le 9 novembre 1976 , Ionesco déclare : Un retour à la métaphysique me semble, à notré epoque, indispensable. Ce point de vue nous semble être d'une importance fondamentale, tant par la référence à un probleme spécifiquement moderne, que par la formulation d'une profonde préoccupation de l'auteur. Ionesco résume par là un débat qui informe continuellement son oeuvre théàtrale. Ce débat, et cette quête, sont les thèmes essentiels que nous voudrions mettre à jour dans cette oeuvre . Nous proposons donc d'étudier le désir et l'effort que manifeste et que tente l ' homme moderne, imbu d'une culture matérialiste, laïque et profane, pour retrouver la vie spirituelle de ses ancêtres son aspiration à la connaissance du sacré . Ce sujet, aussi vaste qu'il est élémentaire, exige l'examen de l'oeuvre complàte afin d'en dégager les constantes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Traditional and modern law of procedure and evidence in the chief's courts of the Ciskei
- Authors: Mqeke, Bangilizwe Richman
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Customary law -- South Africa , Customary law -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Evidence (Law) -- South Africa , Procedure (Law) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3687 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003202 , Customary law -- South Africa , Customary law -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Evidence (Law) -- South Africa , Procedure (Law) -- South Africa
- Description: In this thesis it is intended to show, among other things, the evolution of the Ciskeian traditional African Court practice and procedure from the time of the advent of white rule up to the present day. In chapter two we show the manner in which the various Cape Governors tried to suppress the traditional court system and law by superimposing western type law and norms (repugnancy clause) on the unwilling African population. The case law discussed in chapter 3 clearly shows the problems that arose and which to a large extent, still arise in the application of the Chiefs' Civil Courts Rules. Non-compliance with these rules reveals the need both for the training of the personnel of these courts and reform of the rules governing the Chief's courts. The areas that need urgent attention have been identified and the necessary recommendations have been made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Mqeke, Bangilizwe Richman
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Customary law -- South Africa , Customary law -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Evidence (Law) -- South Africa , Procedure (Law) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3687 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003202 , Customary law -- South Africa , Customary law -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Evidence (Law) -- South Africa , Procedure (Law) -- South Africa
- Description: In this thesis it is intended to show, among other things, the evolution of the Ciskeian traditional African Court practice and procedure from the time of the advent of white rule up to the present day. In chapter two we show the manner in which the various Cape Governors tried to suppress the traditional court system and law by superimposing western type law and norms (repugnancy clause) on the unwilling African population. The case law discussed in chapter 3 clearly shows the problems that arose and which to a large extent, still arise in the application of the Chiefs' Civil Courts Rules. Non-compliance with these rules reveals the need both for the training of the personnel of these courts and reform of the rules governing the Chief's courts. The areas that need urgent attention have been identified and the necessary recommendations have been made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Conceptual difficulties in children's understanding of secondary school algebra in standards 6, 7, and 8 : (the application of the CSMS algebra test to a sample of South African school children)
- Authors: McMaster, David Jocelyn
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1355 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001421
- Description: The application of mathematical ways of thinking to nearly all the major fields of knowledge in recent times has increased the value of mathematics in society ... schools, therefore, are increasingly confronted with the task of developing to the maximum the mathematical abilities and interests of all its pupils with the view of meeting the needs of society. This includes an appreciation and understanding of the aesthetic and abstract qualities of mathematics as well as a knowledge of its utilitarian value in society. The question arises whether schools are achieving this? (Chapter 1, p. 3)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: McMaster, David Jocelyn
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1355 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001421
- Description: The application of mathematical ways of thinking to nearly all the major fields of knowledge in recent times has increased the value of mathematics in society ... schools, therefore, are increasingly confronted with the task of developing to the maximum the mathematical abilities and interests of all its pupils with the view of meeting the needs of society. This includes an appreciation and understanding of the aesthetic and abstract qualities of mathematics as well as a knowledge of its utilitarian value in society. The question arises whether schools are achieving this? (Chapter 1, p. 3)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
The development of the meaning of non-ostensive words in a group of primary school children
- Authors: Segal, Denise Erica
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Connotation (Linguistics) , Children -- Language , Language acquisition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2372 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004917 , Connotation (Linguistics) , Children -- Language , Language acquisition
- Description: The purpose of the present study was to investigate word meaning and its development in primary school children (6-12 years) . It was argued that the learning and development of the meanings of words such as pain cannot be primarily explained by means of ostensive definition. Furthermore, existing theories of word meaning which deal predominantly with substantive words fail to account for the learning of non-ostensive words. The pertinent psychological, linguistic and developmental psycholinguistic approaches to word meaning are reviewed briefly. The prototype approaches to word meaning are modified to apply to non-ostensive words . The focus is on conceptual meaning, that is, the way in which the senses of a word alter in different contexts. It is argued that the meaning of the word is its use in a diversity of linguistic contexts. The term "grammar" is applied in a unique way to encompass the meaning of the word (which stems in part from the words with which it co-occurs) as well as its selective use with other words in the language. Ninety-five metalinguistically-phrased tasks comprising short questions and picture-story sequences were analyzed in depth. The tasks were administered individually. A flexible interview afforded additional probing for each question. The analysis comprised percentage scores of responses at different age levels together with verbatim transcripts and qualitative descriptions: Uniformity, variation and developmental trends were found on different tasks for any particular word. Developmental trends were noted in children's understanding of particular words (for example, same), thereby extending the findings of previous researchers. There was evidence for a progression in children's ability to take into consideration that a word alters its sense according to the linguistic context in which it occurs (for example, same as it relates to chair versus dress versus pain). A comprehensive account of the words meaning could be established when a diversity of tasks was applied for each word. Children of different age levels employed different strategies in answering the questions posed. A model is proposed to describe the development of the meaning of non-ostensive words during the primary school years. It is suggested that psycholinguistic studies on word meaning be re-evaluated and that language and reading programmes incorporate the notion of "grammar". Application of this approach to the study of substantive word meaning in preschool children has important implications for theories of word meaning and for therapeutic intervention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Segal, Denise Erica
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Connotation (Linguistics) , Children -- Language , Language acquisition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2372 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004917 , Connotation (Linguistics) , Children -- Language , Language acquisition
- Description: The purpose of the present study was to investigate word meaning and its development in primary school children (6-12 years) . It was argued that the learning and development of the meanings of words such as pain cannot be primarily explained by means of ostensive definition. Furthermore, existing theories of word meaning which deal predominantly with substantive words fail to account for the learning of non-ostensive words. The pertinent psychological, linguistic and developmental psycholinguistic approaches to word meaning are reviewed briefly. The prototype approaches to word meaning are modified to apply to non-ostensive words . The focus is on conceptual meaning, that is, the way in which the senses of a word alter in different contexts. It is argued that the meaning of the word is its use in a diversity of linguistic contexts. The term "grammar" is applied in a unique way to encompass the meaning of the word (which stems in part from the words with which it co-occurs) as well as its selective use with other words in the language. Ninety-five metalinguistically-phrased tasks comprising short questions and picture-story sequences were analyzed in depth. The tasks were administered individually. A flexible interview afforded additional probing for each question. The analysis comprised percentage scores of responses at different age levels together with verbatim transcripts and qualitative descriptions: Uniformity, variation and developmental trends were found on different tasks for any particular word. Developmental trends were noted in children's understanding of particular words (for example, same), thereby extending the findings of previous researchers. There was evidence for a progression in children's ability to take into consideration that a word alters its sense according to the linguistic context in which it occurs (for example, same as it relates to chair versus dress versus pain). A comprehensive account of the words meaning could be established when a diversity of tasks was applied for each word. Children of different age levels employed different strategies in answering the questions posed. A model is proposed to describe the development of the meaning of non-ostensive words during the primary school years. It is suggested that psycholinguistic studies on word meaning be re-evaluated and that language and reading programmes incorporate the notion of "grammar". Application of this approach to the study of substantive word meaning in preschool children has important implications for theories of word meaning and for therapeutic intervention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An analytical study of narrative techniques in Giono's Regain
- Authors: Abel, Hermione
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: French fiction , Novels , Criticism , Symbolism , Regain , Giono, Jean, 1895-1970 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3561 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002008
- Description: The dominant theme in Regain is that of death leading to rebirth. This dissertation attempts to explore Giono's narrative techniques within this context. No single chapter will be devoted to a specific technique; instead, the various devices used by the author are discussed as they emerge from the structure of the chapters. Justifying the field of study as defined in the "Introduction", the following three chapters outline the passage of life from death to eventual rebirth. With acknowledgement to Frank Kermode, who writes: "A concord of past, present and future three dreams which, as Augustine said, cross in our minds, as in the present of things past, the present of things present, and the present of things future" ¹, the first three chapters bear his terminology for their headings. Chapter One, "The Present of Things Past", deals with Mameche's loss of her husband and son. Chapter Two, "The Present of Things Present", focuses upon Mameche' s realization of Gaubert's departure, and the decision that she must do something to save the dying village of Aubignane. Chapter Three, "The Present of Things Future", sees Mameche setting out in search of a wife for Panturle, and succeeding. This brings to an end Part One of the novel. Interwoven throughout the chapters are paradigms from Greek mythology, rich in universal symbolism, and the author's belief in man's ability to fuse himself with his surroundings. The conclusion summarizes the findings of this study, attempting to show how an analysis of Giono's narrative technique provides an insight into such a novel as Regain. ¹The Sense of an Ending (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), rpt., 1970, p. 50.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Abel, Hermione
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: French fiction , Novels , Criticism , Symbolism , Regain , Giono, Jean, 1895-1970 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3561 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002008
- Description: The dominant theme in Regain is that of death leading to rebirth. This dissertation attempts to explore Giono's narrative techniques within this context. No single chapter will be devoted to a specific technique; instead, the various devices used by the author are discussed as they emerge from the structure of the chapters. Justifying the field of study as defined in the "Introduction", the following three chapters outline the passage of life from death to eventual rebirth. With acknowledgement to Frank Kermode, who writes: "A concord of past, present and future three dreams which, as Augustine said, cross in our minds, as in the present of things past, the present of things present, and the present of things future" ¹, the first three chapters bear his terminology for their headings. Chapter One, "The Present of Things Past", deals with Mameche's loss of her husband and son. Chapter Two, "The Present of Things Present", focuses upon Mameche' s realization of Gaubert's departure, and the decision that she must do something to save the dying village of Aubignane. Chapter Three, "The Present of Things Future", sees Mameche setting out in search of a wife for Panturle, and succeeding. This brings to an end Part One of the novel. Interwoven throughout the chapters are paradigms from Greek mythology, rich in universal symbolism, and the author's belief in man's ability to fuse himself with his surroundings. The conclusion summarizes the findings of this study, attempting to show how an analysis of Giono's narrative technique provides an insight into such a novel as Regain. ¹The Sense of an Ending (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), rpt., 1970, p. 50.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Some aspects of the autecology of Rhizoclonuium riparium (Roth) Harv. with special reference to its growth in the maturation ponds of the Grahamstown sewage works
- Authors: Snook, Deborah Jane
- Date: 1986 , 2013-03-11
- Subjects: Green algae , Marine algae -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4236 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004724 , Green algae , Marine algae -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Description: During 1982 benthic and floating filamentous algal mats appeared in the maturation ponds of the Grahamstown Sewage Disposal Works. These mats clogged the ponds and reduced the efficiency by which the effluent was purified. As they continued to be a problem despite numerous efforts to remove them, this study was initiated to investigate the alga, establish why it was successful in the pond environment, and how its growth could be controlled. The physico-chemical environment of a representative maturation pond was characterised while laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the growth, photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics in the alga. The alga was identified as Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harv. although its morphological variability was greater than that reported in the literature. Growth and photosynthetic studies indicated that the alga favoured temperatures between 20 and 30⁰C and relatively high light intensity (700μE.m⁻².s⁻¹) and that it was highly productive. In addition, the alga exhibited photoadaptive ability, although it seemed to be sensitive to photoinhibition. Its success in the maturation pond was attributed to the favourable physico-chemical environment, particularly the high transparency of the effluent which allowed the penetration of PAR to the pond floor and to the alga's ability to adapt to the change in environment when it floated from the pond floor to its surface. Although the algal mats contribute to the oxidation of the effuent within the maturation pond, they are generally detrimental to the system because they shade the water column and inhibit wind-induced mixing. Recommendations on methods of controlling of the mats are presented. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Snook, Deborah Jane
- Date: 1986 , 2013-03-11
- Subjects: Green algae , Marine algae -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4236 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004724 , Green algae , Marine algae -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Description: During 1982 benthic and floating filamentous algal mats appeared in the maturation ponds of the Grahamstown Sewage Disposal Works. These mats clogged the ponds and reduced the efficiency by which the effluent was purified. As they continued to be a problem despite numerous efforts to remove them, this study was initiated to investigate the alga, establish why it was successful in the pond environment, and how its growth could be controlled. The physico-chemical environment of a representative maturation pond was characterised while laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the growth, photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics in the alga. The alga was identified as Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harv. although its morphological variability was greater than that reported in the literature. Growth and photosynthetic studies indicated that the alga favoured temperatures between 20 and 30⁰C and relatively high light intensity (700μE.m⁻².s⁻¹) and that it was highly productive. In addition, the alga exhibited photoadaptive ability, although it seemed to be sensitive to photoinhibition. Its success in the maturation pond was attributed to the favourable physico-chemical environment, particularly the high transparency of the effluent which allowed the penetration of PAR to the pond floor and to the alga's ability to adapt to the change in environment when it floated from the pond floor to its surface. Although the algal mats contribute to the oxidation of the effuent within the maturation pond, they are generally detrimental to the system because they shade the water column and inhibit wind-induced mixing. Recommendations on methods of controlling of the mats are presented. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Western influences on the Zulu system of personal naming
- Authors: Dickens, Sybil Maureen
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Zulu language -- Etymology -- Names , Names, Personal -- Zulu , Names, Zulu
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2378 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007158 , Zulu language -- Etymology -- Names , Names, Personal -- Zulu , Names, Zulu
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Dickens, Sybil Maureen
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Zulu language -- Etymology -- Names , Names, Personal -- Zulu , Names, Zulu
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2378 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007158 , Zulu language -- Etymology -- Names , Names, Personal -- Zulu , Names, Zulu
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Techniques in contemporary book illustration
- Authors: Huggins, Linda Wreford
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Illustration of books -- History -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2462 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008567
- Description: Introduction: Although the hackneyed adage "one picture is worth a thousand words" defies proof and begs argument, the basic value of illustration in graphic communications is beyond dispute. Without attempting to put a relative value on illustration as compared with words, we can still be aware of the special effectiveness of images, in accomplishing communication goals. The roots of illustration go hack to prehistoric pictorial art of engraved or painted figures done on stone. The hand print can be interpreted as one of the first attempts at drawing. Prehistoric pictorial art depicted visually what could not be expressed by word or gestures some had religious significance, some the presence of myth, others plainly diadactic, showing daily life, social communication, the magic of the hunt, death, birth, group life and sexual symbolism. Little is known of the vast lapse of time between prehistoric art and the imagery that man devised in the service of developing civilisations at the dawn of history. With steadily increasing demands upon his skills, the artisan's mastery of the tools and materials progressed, so that by the beginning of recorded time he was in possession of the potential elements for printmaking. Yet the importance of communication, as we know it today, only developed centuries later with the motivating force of religion. The print could tell its story to those who could not read or write but could quickly grasp the meaning of a picture.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Huggins, Linda Wreford
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Illustration of books -- History -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2462 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008567
- Description: Introduction: Although the hackneyed adage "one picture is worth a thousand words" defies proof and begs argument, the basic value of illustration in graphic communications is beyond dispute. Without attempting to put a relative value on illustration as compared with words, we can still be aware of the special effectiveness of images, in accomplishing communication goals. The roots of illustration go hack to prehistoric pictorial art of engraved or painted figures done on stone. The hand print can be interpreted as one of the first attempts at drawing. Prehistoric pictorial art depicted visually what could not be expressed by word or gestures some had religious significance, some the presence of myth, others plainly diadactic, showing daily life, social communication, the magic of the hunt, death, birth, group life and sexual symbolism. Little is known of the vast lapse of time between prehistoric art and the imagery that man devised in the service of developing civilisations at the dawn of history. With steadily increasing demands upon his skills, the artisan's mastery of the tools and materials progressed, so that by the beginning of recorded time he was in possession of the potential elements for printmaking. Yet the importance of communication, as we know it today, only developed centuries later with the motivating force of religion. The print could tell its story to those who could not read or write but could quickly grasp the meaning of a picture.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
The manipulated photographic images of Man Ray and Moholy-Nagy: "a deconstructural approach"
- Authors: Fry, Roger Bruce
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Man Ray, 1890-1976 Moholy-Nagy, László, 1895-1946 Photography, Artistic
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009447
- Description: From introduction: In the following essay an emphasis has been placed on manipulated photographic images. Although this implies a whole variety of ways in which these images can be manipulated e.g. in collage, silkscreen etc., the emphasis here is on images that have a fabricated or deliberate manipulation of subject matter to make up the photograph.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Fry, Roger Bruce
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Man Ray, 1890-1976 Moholy-Nagy, László, 1895-1946 Photography, Artistic
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009447
- Description: From introduction: In the following essay an emphasis has been placed on manipulated photographic images. Although this implies a whole variety of ways in which these images can be manipulated e.g. in collage, silkscreen etc., the emphasis here is on images that have a fabricated or deliberate manipulation of subject matter to make up the photograph.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Some aspects of the ecology of the Eastern Cape rocky Sandelia Bainsii (Pisces : Anabantidae) in the Tyume River, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Mayekiso, Monde
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Anabantidae , Perciformes , Labyrinth fishes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5196 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001972 , Anabantidae , Perciformes , Labyrinth fishes
- Description: This is an account of some aspects of the ecology of the eastern Cape rocky, Sandelia bainsii Castelnau in the Tyume river in the eastern Cape. Previous unpublished work carried out by the Zoology Department of the University of Fort Hare in the mid-seventies indicated that the species was rare in the Tyume river. Because of its uncertain conservation status, its restricted geographic distribution and the lack of information on its biology, demography, feeding and reproductive biology were studied. The species occurs in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Tyume river and is common in rocky , shallow habitats in the middle reaches of the system. The most important threats to the survival of S. bainsii appear to be habitat alteration and alien species. The presence of these threats and the small size of the population suggest that the species may be vulnerable to local extinction. As the total range of the species extends to only a few rivers in the eastern Cape, the species might face extinction if these threats are faced throughout its range. A detailed study on the autecology of S. bainsii was therefore carried out in order to provide a basis for rational conservation and management of the remaining populations of the species.The age structure and the growth rate of S. bainsii was determined using checks on scales and otoliths. Males grow faster and reach a larger size than females. The maximum length of S. bainsii is compared to that of other anabantids. The longevity of males is 5 years and that of females 3 years. Food preferences were determined by three different methods and the indices of relative importance of food items calculated for different length groups and seasons. S. bainsii was found to be an euryphagous and opportunistic predator whose diet consists largely of insects. A considerable overlap was found between the diet of S. bainsii and that of the two alien species, Salmo gairdneri and Micropterus salmoides which indicates a possibility of competition for food. Mark and recapture experiments showed that S. bainsii is a "sedentary " species which is unlikely to be seriously affected by man-made barriers to fish migration, such as weirs. The species reaches maturity during its second growing season (males 80 - 89mm and females 60 - 69mm) and the length at maturity is related to the modal length of males and females. A large proportion of the fish are thus mature at any given time. The fish spawn repeatedly during the summer breeding season, October to February resulting in near continuous recruitment. The possible adaptive value of this habit is discussed. An attempt is made to evaluate the life history style of S. bainsii in terms of the theory of r - and K- selection and altricial and precocial life history styles
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Mayekiso, Monde
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Anabantidae , Perciformes , Labyrinth fishes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5196 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001972 , Anabantidae , Perciformes , Labyrinth fishes
- Description: This is an account of some aspects of the ecology of the eastern Cape rocky, Sandelia bainsii Castelnau in the Tyume river in the eastern Cape. Previous unpublished work carried out by the Zoology Department of the University of Fort Hare in the mid-seventies indicated that the species was rare in the Tyume river. Because of its uncertain conservation status, its restricted geographic distribution and the lack of information on its biology, demography, feeding and reproductive biology were studied. The species occurs in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Tyume river and is common in rocky , shallow habitats in the middle reaches of the system. The most important threats to the survival of S. bainsii appear to be habitat alteration and alien species. The presence of these threats and the small size of the population suggest that the species may be vulnerable to local extinction. As the total range of the species extends to only a few rivers in the eastern Cape, the species might face extinction if these threats are faced throughout its range. A detailed study on the autecology of S. bainsii was therefore carried out in order to provide a basis for rational conservation and management of the remaining populations of the species.The age structure and the growth rate of S. bainsii was determined using checks on scales and otoliths. Males grow faster and reach a larger size than females. The maximum length of S. bainsii is compared to that of other anabantids. The longevity of males is 5 years and that of females 3 years. Food preferences were determined by three different methods and the indices of relative importance of food items calculated for different length groups and seasons. S. bainsii was found to be an euryphagous and opportunistic predator whose diet consists largely of insects. A considerable overlap was found between the diet of S. bainsii and that of the two alien species, Salmo gairdneri and Micropterus salmoides which indicates a possibility of competition for food. Mark and recapture experiments showed that S. bainsii is a "sedentary " species which is unlikely to be seriously affected by man-made barriers to fish migration, such as weirs. The species reaches maturity during its second growing season (males 80 - 89mm and females 60 - 69mm) and the length at maturity is related to the modal length of males and females. A large proportion of the fish are thus mature at any given time. The fish spawn repeatedly during the summer breeding season, October to February resulting in near continuous recruitment. The possible adaptive value of this habit is discussed. An attempt is made to evaluate the life history style of S. bainsii in terms of the theory of r - and K- selection and altricial and precocial life history styles
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986