List of Titles

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Influence of the oil phase dispersion in a cream base on the in vivo release of betamethasone 17-valerate

- Haigh, J M, Smith, E W, Meyer, E, Fassihi, A R

Authors: Haigh, J M , Smith, E W , Meyer, E , Fassihi, A R
Date: 1992
Language: English
Type: Article
Identifier: vital:6365 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006065
Description: Release of betamethasone valerate (betamethasone 17-valerate) from 3 extemporaneous cream formulations (1 control, 1 containing propylene glycol, and 1 containing \b/-cyclodextrin) and a commercial cream formulation (Betnovate) was compared using the human skin blanching assay in 12 healthy male volunteers. All 3 extemporaneous formulations showed similar drug release rates, equivalent to or better than the commercial preparation containing betamethasone in a 10 fold higher concentration. Electron microscopic examination showed considerably finer dispersion of the oil phase in the extemporaneous formulations. It was concluded that the increased surface area available for partitioning of betamethasone between the cream and the skin is responsible for the improved topical availability of the drug from the extemporaneous formulations.
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Date Issued: 1992

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The administration and organisation of independent study topics with special reference to secondary school geography

- Van Harmelen, U

Authors: Van Harmelen, U
Date: 1992
Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching (Secondary) , Project method in teaching
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
Identifier: vital:1419 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003300
Description: Traditional school subjects are having to compete for a place in a curriculum which is increasingly judged according to its perceived utilitarian value. According to current educational theory, geography's role in the curriculum is to develop concepts, skills, values and attitudes that allow pupils to understand the human and environmental issues which face their communities and communities throughout the world. In order to achieve these aims, teachers need to adopt a learner-centred teaching approach, yet geography teachers are faced with the dilemma of having to develop participatory teaching strategies within an existing structure which is largely product oriented. This thesis attempts to illustrate how changes can be effected in the approach to the teaching of geography, while working within existing syllabus constraints and while continuing to meet the demands made by the current examination system. To this end, Independent Study Topics are analysed as a means to bring about the desired changes in geographical education. The concept, Independent Study Topics as a 'blanket term' (Diepeveen, 1986) for pupil-centred activities is relatively recent in terms of the South African geography syllabus. In order to obtain greater clarity about the concept and its implications for geography teaching, this study examines current geographical theory relating to learner-centred approaches and relates them to teachers' perceptions of the role of IST in the geography curriculum. The second aspect of the study is concerned with the implementation of Independent Study Topics in a classroom research setting. The organisation and administration of Independent Study Topics in a single school setting is analysed and evaluated as a process of change. This analysis provides guidelines for developing a learner-centred approach which is necessary to ensure that geography retains its position in the school curriculum of the 1990's and beyond.
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Date Issued: 1992

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A rhetorical analysis of 1 Timothy 2:9-15 with a special focus on the role of women in the church

- Williams, Allan Alexander

Authors: Williams, Allan Alexander
Date: 1992
Subjects: Bible -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. , Women in the Bible , Women in Christianity -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600 , Women in Christianity , Sexism in religion
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
Identifier: vital:1299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015721
Description: This thesis investigates the role of women in the early church as portrayed in 1 Timothy 2:9-15 using the recently-developed method of Rhetorical Analysis. It makes use of a rhetorical approach largely based on the method proposed by Kennedy, supplemented by insights from scholars who have emphasised the argumentative element in rhetoric. This method illustrates how the role of women in the church is decisively determined by the argument in the letter as a whole. A brief survey of classical rhetoric is given. The typical structure of a rhetorical discourse is listed with its component sections. The validity of using rhetorical analysis as a means for interpreting New Testament texts is justified. Textual units are identified from the structure of the text. Rhetorical insights are used to explain how the identified units cohere within the overall structure of the letter and how they relate to one another and interact. The thesis is developed that the section on women and teaching can only be meaningfully investigated in the light of the text as a whole and of the motifs in the letter. The thesis has a special focus on 2:9-15. This section is analysed in more detail than the rest of the text with the exception of 1 Timothy 1. As exordium, the latter provides the introduction to the situation dealt with in the letter, introduces the case, and sets the tone for the rest of the letter. The persuasive power of rhetoric in any situation depends to a large extent on its use of common tradition. The socio-cultural setting of the author is consequently analysed. Finally, the role of women in Graeco-Roman society is analysed in terms of motifs found in 1 Timothy 2:9-15.
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Date Issued: 1992

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The development and evaluation of an andragogic training programme for Ciskeian retailers

- Kotzé, Clifford Jennings

Authors: Kotzé, Clifford Jennings
Date: 1992
Subjects: Small business -- South Africa -- Ciskei Retail trade -- South Africa -- Ciskei
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
Identifier: vital:1184 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002801
Description: One of the greatest challenges facing South Africa and the "independent states" of Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei over the next decade will be job creation and the development of the skills of the people. This is particularly true of Ciskei with its rapid population growth, unemployment, shortage of skilled manpower and over abundance of unskilled labour. Small business and, in particular, retailing with its relatively low entry requirements, can play a significant role in the creation of jobs. Small business, and small business retailing in particular, suffers, however, from a high failure rate resulting in a waste of financial and human resources which a developing nation like Ciskei can ill afford. The training of people involved in small business retailing is, therefore, of great importance. There is no unanimity of opinion, however, as to what training models or approaches are most appropriate. The purpose of this study was, thus, to design a training model, develop an andragogic training programme for Ciskeian small retailers based upon the model and test it. In accordance with the model developed, the nature of the retailers performance problem was established, the job of the small retailer was analysed, the training needs of retailers were identified, performance standards were set, the course curriculum was developed, training strategies and styles were selected, the necessary training resources were obtained and the training programme was implemented. A pilot training programme was run in 1987 and then the amended programme was run for two years. The results of the training were measured in terms of: -the delegates reaction to the training programme -what the delegates learnt -changes in the business as perceived by regular customers -reaction of the delegates to the training programme one year later -case studies and survival rates Statistically significant positive results were obtained in all aspects evaluated. It can, therefore, be concluded that the andragogic training model for Ciskeian retailers resulted in a positive reaction of delegates to the training, an improvement in the retailer's knowledge of retailing, positive changes in the businesses as perceived by regular customer and improved survival rates of these small retail businesses.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Petrogenesis of late Archaean flood-type basic lavas from the Klipriviersberg Group, Ventersdorp Supergroup, South Africa

- Marsh, Julian S, Bowen, M P, Rogers, N W, Bowen, T B

Authors: Marsh, Julian S , Bowen, M P , Rogers, N W , Bowen, T B
Date: 1992
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145829 , vital:38470 , https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/33.4.817
Description: The Klipriviersberg Group is a small continental flood-type tholeiitic suite forming the basal unit of the Ventersdorp Supergroup, an undeformed late-Archaean supracrustal sequence covering 200000 km2 in the SW part of the Kaapvaal Craton. From the base up, the Klipriviersberg Group consists of the Westonaria, Alberton, Orkney, Jeannette, Loraine, and Edenville formations, with a maximum combined thickness of 1–8 km. Samples were obtained from several borehole cores in the Klerksdorp goldfield close to the type area of the Klipriviersberg Group.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Up Beat Issue Number 5 1992

- SACHED

Authors: SACHED
Date: 1992
Subjects: SACHED
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116248 , vital:34343
Description: Richard is in Std 9. He sits in the same row as Thabo and Mike. They are his great friends. Every day at break they sneak out the schoolyard to go and smoke dagga. Richard doesn't like smoking. He wants to say no. But he is scared his friends won’t like him if he does. He doesn’t want to risk that. These are his chommies! They all watch soccer together and share secrets about girls. Maybe you find yourself in Richard’s position. You are also too scared to say no to your friends. Try to be brave and stand up for yourself. Tell your friends that you don’t want to smoke, because drugs are harmful. You may be surprised to find that someone else in the group agrees with you. He was just too scared to say so. Or maybe your friends will cut you out. You’ll feel lonely for awhile but others will come to respect you. We all look up to people who make a stand. It is hard to go against your friends. But you must learn to do what’s right for you. Arm yourself with information. Read, listen and learn. Then make your choice. Upbeat is filled with important information to help you make decisions about your life. In this issue read why Prophets of the City say No to drugs. Don’t miss our hot debate on sex education. We’ve got information on AIDS. So tell your friends about it and help stop the disease spreading. We all love listening to music. But do you know how a record is made? Find out all about the recording industry on page 17. That will really impress your friends! When they look surprised and say ‘how do you know all that’, just say you read it in Upbeat. You’ll be a winner at parties.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Up Beat Issue Number 8 1992

- SACHED

Authors: SACHED
Date: 1992
Subjects: SACHED
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116659 , vital:34420
Description: Forte High School in Dobsonville, Soweto has closed down. Students told us what went wrong.'Schooling was normal until hostel dwellers started bothering us. They did not want students to walk past the hostel. But the hostel lies between our school and the township,' explains Thapelo Mohapi, a Std 8 student from Forte. Masego Sekelema was also a student at Forte. 'In March, the hostel dwellers attacked our school,' Masego said. 'Police came in. We thought they would stop the attack. But they shot teargas into the school. One of our students was seriously hurt.' So the principal of Forte called a meeting. At the meeting people agreed that Forte should close. Students' lives were in danger. Since then, Forte students have been attending school at three primary schools in Molapo. 'This arrangement is better than nothing,' said Florence Smith who is in Std 9. 'But we find it difficult to travel so far and it costs our parents money.'
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Date Issued: 1992

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The effect of temperature and photoperiod on the digestive physiology of the South African abalone Haliotis midae

- Dixon, Mark Geoffrey

Authors: Dixon, Mark Geoffrey
Date: 1992
Subjects: Abalone culture , Gastropoda -- Physiology , Gastropoda -- Food , Abalones -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: vital:5276 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005120 , Abalone culture , Gastropoda -- Physiology , Gastropoda -- Food , Abalones -- South Africa
Description: Inadequate information of the nutritive physiology and the dietary requirements of abalone are the principle factors that currently limit the development of a formulated feed for the commercial culture of Haliotis midae. The need to develop a method to determine apparent digestibility co-efficient's for abalone in order to facilitate further applied nutritional research was identified. Animals between 50 and 80 mm were collected from natural stocks along the east Cape coast of South Africa at Port Alfred and Great Fish point, and acclimated to laboratory conditions. Initial trials demonstrated that H. midae accepted and preferred a semi-purified diet to the seaweed Plocamium corallorhiza, one of the main components of it's natural diet. A technique of determining apparent digestibility co-efficient's (ADC) using the indirect method with chromic oxide as an inert marker was developed. Digestibility trials yielded higher dry matter (DMADC) and crude protein apparent digestibility co-efficient's (CPADC) for the semi-purified diet than for two species of algae, Gelidium amanzii and P. corallorhiza (83.7% and 95.6%, 70.7% and 80.0%, and 29.9% and 57.3% respectively). The ability of the animals to utilize terrestrial animal and plant ingredients efficiently makes it feasible to use conventional feed ingredients in formulated feeds for H. midae. Trials to determine the effect of different temperatures (15°C, 18°C and 22°C) on DMADC and CPADC of the semipurified diet showed that peak digestibility occurred at 18°C. There was also a positive relationship between temperature and consumption rate. Although no enzyme studies with H. midae have been conducted, the peak ADC's at 18°C is attributed to an increase in enzyme activity at this temperature. Transit time, an inverse function of temperature and consumption, is considered to be responsible for the decrease in the ADC' s at 22°C in conjunction with a possible decrease in enzyme activity at this temperature. A photoperiod trial to investigate the effect of darkness on DMADC and CPADC of the semi-purified diet revealed that digestive efficiency decreased with increasing hours of darkness. There was also a positive relationship between duration of darkness and the rate of consumption. The decrease in ADC's is attributed to decreased transit times as the duration of darkness increased . The contribution of this project to the understanding of abalone nutrition, the development of a formulated abalone feed and systems design for abalone farms is discussed.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Ngalanga 2nd movements

- Venancio Mbande and his Timbila players, Tracey, Andrew T N

Authors: Venancio Mbande and his Timbila players , Tracey, Andrew T N
Date: 1992
Subjects: Chopi (African people) -- Music , Folk music -- South Africa , Xylophone (Musical instrument) , Drum (Musical instruments) , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Wildebeesfontein f-za
Language: Chopi
Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/98872 , vital:31636 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC076a-02
Description: Traditional Ngalanga dance song for young people with 3 Timbila xylophone and 3 drums accompaniment
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Date Issued: 1992

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A geographical study of agricultural change since the 1930s in Shixini Location, Gatyana district, Transkei

- Andrew, Maura

Authors: Andrew, Maura
Date: 1992
Subjects: Agriculture -- South Africa -- Transkei Land tenure -- South Africa -- Transkei Transkei (South Africa) -- Rural conditions
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: vital:4834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005509
Description: This study examines the dynamics of agricultural change amongst traditional African smallholder farmers in Shixini location, Gatyana District, Transkei. This entailed an examination of the historical, regional and local causes of agricultural change and the response of the local community. What became evident was that there had been a gradual decline in agricultural output after the 1930s due to a combination of socio-economic and environmental constraints. Pressure on limited resources and land degradation, a consequence of socio-economic pressures on the African peasantry and agricultural expansion, reduced carrying capacities and soil fertility within the African reserves. Racially discriminatory policies also reduced African access to agricultural markets and forced peasants into migrant labour. The initial response to this agricultural decline was to maintain cultivation and pastoral practices, despite declining output, and rely more heavily on migrant labour. However, massive population ~owth from the mid 1950s onwards stimulated a rapid change in cultivation practices. Rural households found it increasingly difficult to gain access to arable land in river valleys and growing poverty undermined their ability to cultivate fields. In response to these conditions the rural population abandoned their fields and expanded garden cultivation. Garden cultivation was a more intensive method of cultivation which made more efficient use of household resources, maintained long-term yields and had a less detrimental impact on the soil. This study attempts to make a contribution to southern African historiography and historical geography. Since the rise of radical human geography in the 1970s there has been a growing number of political economy studies focusing on capitalist expansion, racially discriminatory state policies and associated class conflicts in South Africa. However, most of these studies have focused on urban communities. The political economy of African rural areas has been sorely neglected by human geographers despite the enormous growth of such studies amongst historians and other social scientists. This study of agricultural change in Shixini location, Transkei adds to the small collection of geographical research on the political economy of African rural areas. It also adds to the large body of historical research by focusing on the recent past, a much less well documented period. The most important component of the study was an examination of the response of the rural community to socio-economic and environmental changes. This brought the often neglected role of human agency within the world political economy into the study. Environmental factors, often neglected by'historians and human geographers, were also brought into the analysis. The examination of such a broad range of factors was facilitated through the use of a wide variety of source material including historical, anthropological and socio-economic literature, official statistics, archival records, aerial photographs and a sample survey
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Date Issued: 1992

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Working with the contemptuous client in psychotherapy

- Hoffman, Elan

Authors: Hoffman, Elan
Date: 1992
Subjects: Psychotherapist and patient -- Case studies
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: vital:3213 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012315 , Psychotherapist and patient -- Case studies
Description: The purpose of this case study is to explore the issue of contempt in the therapeutic relationship. The aims are twofold; namely, to illustrate to what extent the case studied throws light on existing theories on contempt in psychotherapy, and to enquire about which stance adopted by the therapist is most appropriate in the therapeutic interaction with a contemptuous client. It investigates the validity of using the case study method in examining both the content and the process of this particular course of psychotherapy. Literature on contempt in psychotherapy is reviewed, as well as the foundation-stone on which it rests, namely, the Kleinian approach to envy . The concepts of the superego and false self are also drawn upon in understanding this particular client's dynamics. The client's therapy is then presented and explored, in order to gain insight into how a psychotherapist's understanding of the contemptuous client can clarify the process of therapy. It highlights the limitations and potentialities that exist in working in this sphere of resistance, and raises questions relevant to therapists faced with these clients. The case study shows how theory in this area is helpful in understanding the contemptuous client, and that the ability of the therapist to endure and survive the contempt of the client is a crucial factor in working with the contemptuous individual.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Geological controls for coal exploration and mining

- Noppé , Mark Adrian

Authors: Noppé , Mark Adrian
Date: 1992
Subjects: Coal -- Geology , Coal mines and mining
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: vital:4954 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005566 , Coal -- Geology , Coal mines and mining
Description: The identification and interpretation of geological features is essential for the planning and ultimate success of any mining venture. Examples of geological features significant for mining are presented, and their identification during exploration discussed. In particular, the importance of coal qualities, seam thickness and seam elevation are emphasised in relation to longwall mining. Geostatistical analysis provides a powerful tool for improving the prediction and decision-making capabilities of both exploration and mine geologists. The availability of geostatistics, and the benefits resulting from its application, are demonstrated using actual data for calorific value, seam thickness and seam elevation. Contamination of run-of-mine coal is a common problem on highly-mechanised collieries. The problem generally arises from over-cutting of the designated mining horizon. A practical system for monitoring and controlling contamination on a mechanised bord-and-pillar and longwall colliery is presented. The results and benefits of applying such a system are cited for an actual longwall colliery. Numerical geological predictions are not always reported in terms of the reliability of such estimates. Many of these values can be reported in terms of confidence limits, particularly for routine grade control purposes. The methods and benefits of such reporting are described and illustrated by way of examples for calorific value and contamination levels.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Die sosio-ekonomiese opname as instrument vir die inisiëring van 'n ontwikkelingsproses in 'n landelike gemeenskap met spesifieke verwysing na Wartburg

- Rossouw, Anthonie Michael Müller

Authors: Rossouw, Anthonie Michael Müller
Date: 1992
Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Wartburg Social service -- South Africa -- Wartburg Social service -- Research Rural poor -- South Africa
Language: Afrikaans
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
Identifier: vital:3280 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006475
Description: Aim of this study. The problem of poverty, especially in rural S.A ., formed the basis for the questions and hypotheses posed in this study. Poverty stricken communities, with the accompanying suffering, the immobilizing effect of poverty and the present climate of urgent changes in S.A., were also apparent in Wartburg (study area). The problem was to initiate development in such a way that the chances of failure and therefore the wasting of already scarce resources is minimized. The manner in which development is initiated and what are viewed as desirable elements of development should culminate into achieving self-sustaining development in the long term. It became clear therefore that a complete data base needs to be established in order to initiate such a development process. In this study the aim was to investigate the role which research plays in the process of development. Method. This study can be divided into two sections, viz an investigation into the theoretical basis for achieving a self-sustaining process of development and how research should be done within such a process. Secondly, the practical application of such a theoretical basis was tested and forms the empirical section of this study. The first section was completed by undertaking a literature study. The conditions set for the development process guided the researcher increasingly to a holistic perspective, Community Development and the state of the art of Social Work Practice. The second part of this study was done through empirical research. The questionnaire method was utilized where structured interviews were conducted by properly trained field workers who were of similar cultural background as the community involved in the survey. The data was processed by using the B.M.D.P. programme and recorded in section B of this report. From section A and B of this report conclusions were drawn regarding the development process, the role research has in this process and the task of the Social Work Profession in this regard. Findings. From the theory it seemed that the state of the art regarding social Work Practice upholds a holistic perspective and views community practice and development as an important function within this perspective. It seems that a unitary approach to Social Work is increasingly becoming a reality in the pursuit of a holistic perspective as well as by stressing the importance of community practice. The integrated approach to Social Work Practice seems to collaborate with these views. The role of research is equally important to social Work Practice as it is to Community Development and should be viewed as an integral part of the Social Work Process/Practice. The empirical section of this study is a clear example of what can be achieved by a properly planned and executed research project which forms an integral part of a development process. Together with the community valuable data were drawn from the data base. These conclusions were directly employed to identify priorities and in planning specific projects. Conclusions. This study concludes, firstly, that Social Work Practice has an obvious task in the field of community development. This profession can contribute to a large extent toward making development more human and to acknowledge the importance of both man and his environment when considering development. The study also showed that research is an integral part of a development process, especially where the aim is that of a perpetuating, self-sustaining development process. In short, it seems that the Socio-economic research meets the requirements set by the aforementioned development process, but that refining seems necessary in order to make it more effective and useful as an instrument for initiating such a process of development as discussed in the above paragraphs.
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Date Issued: 1992

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The culture of Dunaliella salina and the production of β-carotene in tannery effluents

- Laubscher, Richard Keith

Authors: Laubscher, Richard Keith
Date: 1992
Subjects: Dunaliella , Carotenes , Tanneries -- Waste disposal , Recycling (Waste, etc.)
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: vital:4055 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004116 , Dunaliella , Carotenes , Tanneries -- Waste disposal , Recycling (Waste, etc.)
Description: The problems of waste disposal in the tanning industry are unique in that the effluents are highly saline, have a high organic loading and contain heavy metals. Methods are available for the safe treatment and disposal of the latter two components, but the saline component requires the expensive outlay of evaporation ponds. This study has identified a possible use for the saline effluents, turning a problematic waste product into a potentially valuable by-product. A range of tannery effluents were identified and tested for their suitability for the mass cultivation of Dunaliella salina (bardawil strain). The bardawil strain was preferred over a local isolate because of its higher production of β-carotene. Ponded tannery effluents and combined processes effluent proved unsuitable for realistic propagation of the alga. Anaerobic digestion of combined processes effluent did not improve its suitability significantly. Anaerobic digestion of hide-soak effluent may remove persistent antimicrobial agents which influence algal growth, but its contribution to enhancing algal growth is equivocal. Undigested hide-soak effluent lacking in persistent antimicrobial agents was found to be an ideal culture medium, as no additional nutrients needed to be added. Significantly higher biomass was obtained in this effluent compared to chemically defined media. Induction of β-carotene was achieved in nitrogen-deficient defined media after culture in tannery effluent. This suggests that a two-stage system using hide-soak effluent for cell propagation and nitrogen deficient media for β-carotene induction, could be possible for the mass cultivation of D. salina for β-carotene production.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Social development: theory, practice and evaluation

- Henderson, Thelma M

Authors: Henderson, Thelma M
Date: 1992
Subjects: Social service -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Social service -- Evaluation , Community development -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Rhodes University. Centre for Social Development
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
Identifier: vital:697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006418
Description: Prior to 1976 few facilities and projects existed to serve the underprivileged communities in Grahamstown. Numerous attempts to establish development programmes had failed. From 1976 to 1981 informal attempts were initiated and a number of community based facilities were established. From 1981 to 1991 the Centre for Social Development assumed responsibility for this work and was able, with an enlarged staff, to inaugurate a wide range of projects and programmes. These cater to thousands of deprived people and enable them and their children to realise an improved quality of life. The dynamic processes and policies which have been employed are investigated. The value of this work is noteworthy because of the limited number of research papers on indigenous grassroots development projects in South Africa. The methods which have been utilised to enable unemployed people to play meaningful roles in their own communities are investigated. These include the establishment of much needed facilities and the in-service training of workers and committee teams to run and service them. Of particular importance is the role and structure of the Centre as an umbrella and resource organisation. The work of the Centre and its projects is described and evaluated. The qualitative, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive methods are used. The relationships between social welfare, community work and social planning are considered in relation to the theoretical base of the Centre. The situation in the Black and Coloured townships of Grahamstown, where most of the projects are located, is described with special reference to population, housing, basic services, crime and disease. Reasons for the high unemployment rates are enumerated. Various development models are described and their strengths and weaknesses assessed. Of particular significance are the origins of the Centre, the qualities brought to the project by the founding Director, its fundraising techniques, and procedures for training, supervision and project support. Aspects of development strategy not stressed in the literature, but of particular importance in the South African situation, are highlighted. These include the basic necessity for adequate financing, the provision of bursaries for tertiary study, the importance of nutritious food, the creation of job opportunities and the value of child centred projects as an access to the wider community. The necessity of financial control in the individual projects is also stressed. The primary aim of this work is to ascertain how projects have been established and maintained in a community where nothing on this scale has been attempted before. A secondary objective has been to find the theoretical base that best suits the work of the Centre. This is the social planning model in the social welfare field
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Date Issued: 1992

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Selecting educational computer software and evaluating its use, with special reference to biology education

- Beyers, Ronald Noel

Authors: Beyers, Ronald Noel
Date: 1992
Subjects: Biology -- Study and teaching -- Computer programs Education -- Data processing Biology -- Computer-assisted instruction
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
Identifier: vital:1764 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003649
Description: In the field of Biology there is a reasonable amount of software available for educational use but in the researcher's experience there are few teachers who take the computer into the classroom/laboratory, Teachers will make use of video machines and tape recorders quite happily, but a computer is a piece of apparatus which they are not prepared to use in the classroom/laboratory. This thesis is an attempt to devise an educational package, consisting of a Selection Form and an Evaluation Form, which can be used by teachers to select and evaluate educational software in the field of Biology. The forms were designed specifically for teachers to use in preparation of a computer lesson. The evaluation package also provides the teacher with a means of identifying whether the lesson has achieved its objectives or not. The teacher may also be provided with feedback about the lesson. The data is gathered by means of a questionnaire which the pupils complete. It would appear that teachers are uncertain as regards the purchase of software for their subject from the many catalogues that are available. The evaluation package implemented in this research can be regarded as the beginnings of a data base for the accumulation of information to assist teachers with details on which software to select. Evidence is provided in this thesis for the practical application of the Selection and Evaluation Forms, using Biology software.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Up Beat Issue Number 2 1992

- SACHED

Authors: SACHED
Date: 1992
Subjects: SACHED
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116190 , vital:34331
Description: Teenage life is full of challenges.’ That’s what Ebrahim Abader from Cape Town thinks. He’s right. When you are young there is lots to learn and discover about yourself and the big world out there. It's exciting! But it can be a miserable time too. It is not easy to meet a challenge when you are worried about pimples, can’t do your maths and are suffering from a broken heart. You are special but you are not alone. Young people all over the world are probably going through what you are. Believe it or not your parents and teachers where once teenagers too. Ask them what it was like. There is a big challenge facing all of us, especially young people in South Africa today. We have to learn to live together; to accept differences and respect one another’s feelings and beliefs. It is called tolerance! Your parents, brothers, sisters, comrades, neighbours and friends have their own ideas. Listen to them with an open mind. In this issue you can read about a great school in Tongaat in Natal. Here students have learnt to forget about colour and together are discovering what real learning is all about. Meet Simon Nkoli. He knows what it’s like to be treated unfairly and to grow up feeling different and alone. So readers, speak out, listen, read and learn. That’s the way to get wise. That’s the way to meet the challenge of being a teenager in South Africa today. Some of you may be writing supplementary exams. Go for it - you can do it this time! We are holding thumbs.
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Date Issued: 1992

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