Responsive integrative treatment of PTSD and trauma related disorders : an expanded evidence-based model
- Authors: Edwards, David J A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6223 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007679
- Description: In this article a practitioner oriented review of the literature on the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder is used to construct a phase-based model that can serve as a basis for case formulation and treatment planning. Treatments shown to be efficacious in randomized controlled trials are listed and two discourses about them are contrasted. One calls for therapists to implement treatments scrupulously according to the manual, the other calls for flexibility and responsiveness to contextual understanding of the situation and personality of individual clients. Evidence for the centrality of the principles of this latter discourse for professional practice is summarized from work on case formulation, standards for therapist competence, and the concept of evidence-based practice. This provides the foundation for a model for treatment of PTSD, both simple and complex, that has five levels which represent increasing degrees of depth of clinical work. In accordance with the phased approach, conditions at one level need to be satisfied before proceeding to work on a deeper level. At each level specific areas of clinical focus are highlighted including risk management (at level 1), building the therapeutic alliance (at level 2) and trauma-focused work (at level 3). The model serves as a broad structured summary of accumulated clinical knowledge about PTSD and its treatment that provides an evidence-based foundation for assessment and treatment planning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Edwards, David J A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6223 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007679
- Description: In this article a practitioner oriented review of the literature on the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder is used to construct a phase-based model that can serve as a basis for case formulation and treatment planning. Treatments shown to be efficacious in randomized controlled trials are listed and two discourses about them are contrasted. One calls for therapists to implement treatments scrupulously according to the manual, the other calls for flexibility and responsiveness to contextual understanding of the situation and personality of individual clients. Evidence for the centrality of the principles of this latter discourse for professional practice is summarized from work on case formulation, standards for therapist competence, and the concept of evidence-based practice. This provides the foundation for a model for treatment of PTSD, both simple and complex, that has five levels which represent increasing degrees of depth of clinical work. In accordance with the phased approach, conditions at one level need to be satisfied before proceeding to work on a deeper level. At each level specific areas of clinical focus are highlighted including risk management (at level 1), building the therapeutic alliance (at level 2) and trauma-focused work (at level 3). The model serves as a broad structured summary of accumulated clinical knowledge about PTSD and its treatment that provides an evidence-based foundation for assessment and treatment planning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
From panic disorder to complex traumatic stress disorder : retrospective reflections on the case of Tariq
- Authors: Edwards, David J A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6234 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007784
- Description: This is a phenomenological-hermeneutic case study of Tariq who initially presented with panic disorder. It documents how, as therapy proceeded, the underlying meaning of his initial panic deepened as its roots in traumatic memories of childhood emerged. There were four spaced phases of treatment over four years. The first focused on anxiety management; the second was conceptualized within schema-focused therapy, and evoked and worked with childhood memories using inner child guided imagery; in the third and fourth phases insights gained led to an authentic re-engagement with family members in relationships that had been problematic. The panic attacks resolved and there were two dreams representing a reconfiguring of his relationship with his deceased father. The first two phases were the focus of an unpublished case study presented at a conference in 1995. This article incorporates material from that study and looks back at the case both in light of developments in phases two and three and also in light of theoretical developments in our understanding of complex trauma since the initial presentation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Edwards, David J A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6234 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007784
- Description: This is a phenomenological-hermeneutic case study of Tariq who initially presented with panic disorder. It documents how, as therapy proceeded, the underlying meaning of his initial panic deepened as its roots in traumatic memories of childhood emerged. There were four spaced phases of treatment over four years. The first focused on anxiety management; the second was conceptualized within schema-focused therapy, and evoked and worked with childhood memories using inner child guided imagery; in the third and fourth phases insights gained led to an authentic re-engagement with family members in relationships that had been problematic. The panic attacks resolved and there were two dreams representing a reconfiguring of his relationship with his deceased father. The first two phases were the focus of an unpublished case study presented at a conference in 1995. This article incorporates material from that study and looks back at the case both in light of developments in phases two and three and also in light of theoretical developments in our understanding of complex trauma since the initial presentation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Form over function? The practical application of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 1998 in South Africa
- Authors: Kruuse, Helen
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54094 , vital:26389 , http://journals.co.za/content/ju_jur/2013/1/EJC148455
- Description: The Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 is a major legislative measure for the development of customary marriages in line with the constitutional principle of equality, specifically for women. The article explores the interactions between this ideal in the Act with empirical observations and the latest judicial decisions concerning its application. It considers various examples of the lack of protection of women in relationships of a customary nature, and it concludes that both the state and courts favour a formal or definitional approach to customary marriage. In considering alternative approaches that could adequately protect vulnerable parties, two conclusions emerge: First, the article recommends a wholesale revision of the South African family law approach from a focus on form to dependency. Second (and as a short-term measure), the article advocates for the putative marriage doctrine to be applied in the customary marriage context to protect many women who are denied access to 'customary marriage' as a form, and as a result, all of the benefits that flow from such marriage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Kruuse, Helen
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54094 , vital:26389 , http://journals.co.za/content/ju_jur/2013/1/EJC148455
- Description: The Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 is a major legislative measure for the development of customary marriages in line with the constitutional principle of equality, specifically for women. The article explores the interactions between this ideal in the Act with empirical observations and the latest judicial decisions concerning its application. It considers various examples of the lack of protection of women in relationships of a customary nature, and it concludes that both the state and courts favour a formal or definitional approach to customary marriage. In considering alternative approaches that could adequately protect vulnerable parties, two conclusions emerge: First, the article recommends a wholesale revision of the South African family law approach from a focus on form to dependency. Second (and as a short-term measure), the article advocates for the putative marriage doctrine to be applied in the customary marriage context to protect many women who are denied access to 'customary marriage' as a form, and as a result, all of the benefits that flow from such marriage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Finding the best clay: experiences of rural potter Alice Gqa Nongebeza contextualised
- Authors: Steele, John
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1023 , vital:30216
- Description: When creating artefacts that belong in the material world artists choose specific raw materials for particular reasons, including that selected resources are accessible and well suited to fitness for purpose and expression of intentions. Many potters in Africa are engaged in zero electricity usage ceramics practice, and each creative cycle usually starts with extracting clay from local sites according to preferences and well established procedures that may sometimes include certain rituals. Ways in which some potters who source their own clay are particular about certain factors that are thought to be capable of influencing the effectiveness of physical properties of that raw material are explored, with particular reference to what is known about the practices of Eastern Cape potter Alice Gqa Nongebeza, of Nkonxeni Village [31°37‘59.66“S, 29°23‘22.26“E], Tombo, near Port St Johns. Specific choices enacted by potters when gathering and using clayey raw materials are considered in order to better understand some aspects of conceptual and social frameworks that may influence clay extraction procedures. Thus, by means of comparisons between particular potter’s practices, as well as through analysis of interview material and observed events, this paper aims to contextualise how it transpired, inter alia, that clay seams close to the Nongebeza homestead were ignored by her in favour of a relatively distant and almost inaccessible site that yielded a particular clay well suited to her unique firing style of placing raw ware onto an already roaring bonfire, thereby effectively creating pots for daily use and enjoyment
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Steele, John
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/1023 , vital:30216
- Description: When creating artefacts that belong in the material world artists choose specific raw materials for particular reasons, including that selected resources are accessible and well suited to fitness for purpose and expression of intentions. Many potters in Africa are engaged in zero electricity usage ceramics practice, and each creative cycle usually starts with extracting clay from local sites according to preferences and well established procedures that may sometimes include certain rituals. Ways in which some potters who source their own clay are particular about certain factors that are thought to be capable of influencing the effectiveness of physical properties of that raw material are explored, with particular reference to what is known about the practices of Eastern Cape potter Alice Gqa Nongebeza, of Nkonxeni Village [31°37‘59.66“S, 29°23‘22.26“E], Tombo, near Port St Johns. Specific choices enacted by potters when gathering and using clayey raw materials are considered in order to better understand some aspects of conceptual and social frameworks that may influence clay extraction procedures. Thus, by means of comparisons between particular potter’s practices, as well as through analysis of interview material and observed events, this paper aims to contextualise how it transpired, inter alia, that clay seams close to the Nongebeza homestead were ignored by her in favour of a relatively distant and almost inaccessible site that yielded a particular clay well suited to her unique firing style of placing raw ware onto an already roaring bonfire, thereby effectively creating pots for daily use and enjoyment
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Victimisation in the lives of lesbian-identified women in South Africa : implications for clinical assessment and treatment
- Padmanabhanunni, A, Edwards, David J A
- Authors: Padmanabhanunni, A , Edwards, David J A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6237 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007787
- Description: Few clinical studies have examined victimisation in the lives of lesbian women in South Africa and whether there are distinct implications for psychological treatment. This paper presents the assessment and treatment of a lesbian-identified South African survivor of childhood sexual abuse who, as an adult, was raped and later gang raped. Her victimisation in adulthood represented ‘corrective rape’ motivated by the prejudiced assumption that the sexuality of lesbian women is pathological and should be ‘corrected’ through rape. This paper lends insights into the role of heterosexism in shaping vulnerability to victimisation and the process of recovery. It provides recommendations for work with sexual minority clients and highlights the implications when there is an absence of safety and support in the external environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Padmanabhanunni, A , Edwards, David J A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6237 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007787
- Description: Few clinical studies have examined victimisation in the lives of lesbian women in South Africa and whether there are distinct implications for psychological treatment. This paper presents the assessment and treatment of a lesbian-identified South African survivor of childhood sexual abuse who, as an adult, was raped and later gang raped. Her victimisation in adulthood represented ‘corrective rape’ motivated by the prejudiced assumption that the sexuality of lesbian women is pathological and should be ‘corrected’ through rape. This paper lends insights into the role of heterosexism in shaping vulnerability to victimisation and the process of recovery. It provides recommendations for work with sexual minority clients and highlights the implications when there is an absence of safety and support in the external environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Obituary: John Mayne English 1922-2013
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6162 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004782
- Description: In 1962 John moved south to Johannesburg, but that bustling city held few attractions for him and he moved further south, to the cathedral city of Grahamstown. Grahamstown, with its nineteenth century Gothic cathedral, elegant Georgian buildings, and distinctive grandeur of Rhodes University, St Andrew's College and other buildings designed by Herbert Baker and his colleagues, suited John. He particularly enjoyed the academic, social, artistic and dramatic life of the community, where many older members of society were distinguished old-Africa hands. John thoroughly enjoyed Grahamstown where, in the partnership of Hoskins and English, he made his mark in the restoration and extension of many significant buildings. His addition to the Anglican chapel at Hog's Back is a masterpiece, as is his incorporation of the old fayade into the rebuilding and extension of the Magistrates' Court.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6162 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004782
- Description: In 1962 John moved south to Johannesburg, but that bustling city held few attractions for him and he moved further south, to the cathedral city of Grahamstown. Grahamstown, with its nineteenth century Gothic cathedral, elegant Georgian buildings, and distinctive grandeur of Rhodes University, St Andrew's College and other buildings designed by Herbert Baker and his colleagues, suited John. He particularly enjoyed the academic, social, artistic and dramatic life of the community, where many older members of society were distinguished old-Africa hands. John thoroughly enjoyed Grahamstown where, in the partnership of Hoskins and English, he made his mark in the restoration and extension of many significant buildings. His addition to the Anglican chapel at Hog's Back is a masterpiece, as is his incorporation of the old fayade into the rebuilding and extension of the Magistrates' Court.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Curriculum Vitae of Prof Tebello Nyokong (OMB)
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:7233 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006180
- Description: Department of Science and Technology (DST) and National Research Foundation (NRF) Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Nanotechnology and Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:7233 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006180
- Description: Department of Science and Technology (DST) and National Research Foundation (NRF) Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Nanotechnology and Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Rural racing is thriving: competing is mainly for prestige
- MacGregor, David, Paterson, Craig
- Authors: MacGregor, David , Paterson, Craig
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7100 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006618
- Description: Commissioned by the Eastern Cape Gambling and Betting Board (ECGBB), the Status of Traditional Horse Racing in the Eastern Cape report provides a fascinating glimpse into the long-lasting and often little known connection many Xhosa people have with horses. A cornerstone of rural Xhosa life, horses have been used for generations for work and transport - as well as racing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: MacGregor, David , Paterson, Craig
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7100 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006618
- Description: Commissioned by the Eastern Cape Gambling and Betting Board (ECGBB), the Status of Traditional Horse Racing in the Eastern Cape report provides a fascinating glimpse into the long-lasting and often little known connection many Xhosa people have with horses. A cornerstone of rural Xhosa life, horses have been used for generations for work and transport - as well as racing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-x : a heat shock protein at the host-parasite interface
- Hatherley, R, Blatch, Gregory L, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Hatherley, R , Blatch, Gregory L , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6489 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007081 , https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2013.834849
- Description: Plasmodium falciparum 70 kDa heat shock proteins (PfHsp70s) are expressed at all stages of the pathogenic erythrocytic phase of the malaria parasite lifecycle. There are six PfHsp70s,all of which have orthologues in other plasmodial species, except for PfHsp70-x which is unique to P. falciparum. This paper highlights a number of original results obtained by a detailed bioinformatics analysis of the protein. Large scale sequence analysis indicated the presence of an extended transit peptide sequence of PfHsp70-x which potentially directs it to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Further analysis showed that PfHsp70-x does not have an ER-retention sequence, suggesting that the protein transits through the ER and is secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) or beyond into the erythrocyte cytosol. These results are consistent with experimental findings. Next, possible interactions between PfHsp70-x and exported P. falciparum Hsp40s or host erythrocyte DnaJs were interrogated by modeling and docking. Docking results indicated that interaction between PfHsp70-x and each of the Hsp40s, regardless of biological feasibility, seems equally likely. This suggests that J domain might not provide the specificity in the formation of unique Hsp70-Hsp40 complexes, but that the specificity might be provided by other domains of Hsp40s. By studying different structural conformations of PfHsp70-x, it was shown that Hsp40s can only bind when PfHsp70-x is in a certain conformation. Additionally, this work highlighted the possible dependence of the substrate binding domain residues on the orientation of the α-helical lid for formation of the substrate binding pocket.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Hatherley, R , Blatch, Gregory L , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6489 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007081 , https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2013.834849
- Description: Plasmodium falciparum 70 kDa heat shock proteins (PfHsp70s) are expressed at all stages of the pathogenic erythrocytic phase of the malaria parasite lifecycle. There are six PfHsp70s,all of which have orthologues in other plasmodial species, except for PfHsp70-x which is unique to P. falciparum. This paper highlights a number of original results obtained by a detailed bioinformatics analysis of the protein. Large scale sequence analysis indicated the presence of an extended transit peptide sequence of PfHsp70-x which potentially directs it to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Further analysis showed that PfHsp70-x does not have an ER-retention sequence, suggesting that the protein transits through the ER and is secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) or beyond into the erythrocyte cytosol. These results are consistent with experimental findings. Next, possible interactions between PfHsp70-x and exported P. falciparum Hsp40s or host erythrocyte DnaJs were interrogated by modeling and docking. Docking results indicated that interaction between PfHsp70-x and each of the Hsp40s, regardless of biological feasibility, seems equally likely. This suggests that J domain might not provide the specificity in the formation of unique Hsp70-Hsp40 complexes, but that the specificity might be provided by other domains of Hsp40s. By studying different structural conformations of PfHsp70-x, it was shown that Hsp40s can only bind when PfHsp70-x is in a certain conformation. Additionally, this work highlighted the possible dependence of the substrate binding domain residues on the orientation of the α-helical lid for formation of the substrate binding pocket.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The Evil of sluits : a re-assessment of soil erosion in the Karoo of South Africa as portrayed in century-old sources
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate M
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6725 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006803
- Description: Deep, linear gullies are a common feature of the present landscape of the Karoo of South Africa, where they were known locally in the early twentieth century as ‘sluits’. Recent research has shown that many of these features are now stable and are no longer significant sediment sources, although they are efficient connectors in the landscape. Because most of the gully networks predate the first aerial photographs, little is known in the scientific literature about the timing of their formation. One secondary source, however, throws interesting light on the origin of these features, and the early response by landowners to their rehabilitation. The Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope at the turn of the Twentieth Century carried a number of articles by farmers and agricultural officers concerning the "evil of sluits". The authors gave accounts of widespread incision of valley bottoms by deep, wide gullies. Many of these gullies had been in existence for some thirty years but apparently had formed within living memory. A number of attempts to prevent further erosion had been put in place at the time of writing. This paper presents a review of land degradation, specifically gully erosion, and rehabilitation recommendations as given by authors writing in this journal. It reflects on the findings in the context of assessing land degradation processes through the local knowledge portrayed in the journal.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate M
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6725 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006803
- Description: Deep, linear gullies are a common feature of the present landscape of the Karoo of South Africa, where they were known locally in the early twentieth century as ‘sluits’. Recent research has shown that many of these features are now stable and are no longer significant sediment sources, although they are efficient connectors in the landscape. Because most of the gully networks predate the first aerial photographs, little is known in the scientific literature about the timing of their formation. One secondary source, however, throws interesting light on the origin of these features, and the early response by landowners to their rehabilitation. The Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope at the turn of the Twentieth Century carried a number of articles by farmers and agricultural officers concerning the "evil of sluits". The authors gave accounts of widespread incision of valley bottoms by deep, wide gullies. Many of these gullies had been in existence for some thirty years but apparently had formed within living memory. A number of attempts to prevent further erosion had been put in place at the time of writing. This paper presents a review of land degradation, specifically gully erosion, and rehabilitation recommendations as given by authors writing in this journal. It reflects on the findings in the context of assessing land degradation processes through the local knowledge portrayed in the journal.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The status of traditional horse racing in the Eastern Cape
- Roberts, Jaine, Griffith, Michelle, Paterson, Craig, Mantolo, Thumeka, Dume, Monde
- Authors: Roberts, Jaine , Griffith, Michelle , Paterson, Craig , Mantolo, Thumeka , Dume, Monde
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7099 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006617 , http://www.ecgbb.co.za/ecgb/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/THR-WEB.pdf
- Description: From introduction: The Eastern Cape Gambling and Betting Board advertised a tender for research assessing and auditing the status of traditional horse racing in the Eastern Cape. The term ‘traditional horse racing’ (THR) is used for convenience but covers a range of horse racing events, not all of which are ‘traditional’. The term, within the research and this report, is used to denote all horse racing in the Eastern Cape which lies outside of the formal gambling horse racing industry which is localised to Port Elizabeth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Roberts, Jaine , Griffith, Michelle , Paterson, Craig , Mantolo, Thumeka , Dume, Monde
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7099 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006617 , http://www.ecgbb.co.za/ecgb/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/THR-WEB.pdf
- Description: From introduction: The Eastern Cape Gambling and Betting Board advertised a tender for research assessing and auditing the status of traditional horse racing in the Eastern Cape. The term ‘traditional horse racing’ (THR) is used for convenience but covers a range of horse racing events, not all of which are ‘traditional’. The term, within the research and this report, is used to denote all horse racing in the Eastern Cape which lies outside of the formal gambling horse racing industry which is localised to Port Elizabeth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Vrou is gif : the representation of violence against women in Margie Orford’s Clare Hart novels
- Authors: Naidu, Samantha
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:26372 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/53997 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/asp/article/view/136092 , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-8657
- Description: This article takes as its starting point that crime fiction is a public and political response to gender-based violence. Using the methods of both discourse analysis and literary analysis of the crime fiction genre, the novels of Margie Orford, internationally acclaimed crime author and patron of Rape Crisis, are examined for their representations of violence against women, and the role played by these representations in Orford’s overall feminist project in the Clare Hart series. The article also considers theories about gender-based violence which link male violence to a purported crisis in the established gender order of South Africa. An attempt is made to understand the relationship between fictionalised representations of violence and the ‘banality’ of real-life violence. Finally, Hart, Orford’s hard-boiled female detective figure, is assessed to determine whether this character constitutes a significant feminist achievement that contributes to discourses which counter gender-based violence
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Naidu, Samantha
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:26372 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/53997 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/asp/article/view/136092 , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-8657
- Description: This article takes as its starting point that crime fiction is a public and political response to gender-based violence. Using the methods of both discourse analysis and literary analysis of the crime fiction genre, the novels of Margie Orford, internationally acclaimed crime author and patron of Rape Crisis, are examined for their representations of violence against women, and the role played by these representations in Orford’s overall feminist project in the Clare Hart series. The article also considers theories about gender-based violence which link male violence to a purported crisis in the established gender order of South Africa. An attempt is made to understand the relationship between fictionalised representations of violence and the ‘banality’ of real-life violence. Finally, Hart, Orford’s hard-boiled female detective figure, is assessed to determine whether this character constitutes a significant feminist achievement that contributes to discourses which counter gender-based violence
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
Eudicella trimeni Janson, 1884 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Goliathini): Description of larva with notes on conservation status, biology and taxonomy
- Perissinotto, R, Orozco, Jesús (Entomologist)
- Authors: Perissinotto, R , Orozco, Jesús (Entomologist)
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Afrotropical , Goliathini , Eudicella trimeni , Scarab beetles , Fruit chafers , Flower chafers , Larva , Grubs , Rosenkäfer
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6559 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006605 , http://africaninvertebrates.org/ojs/index.php/AI/article/view/307
- Description: Eudicella trimeni is reportedly one of the most endangered species of the genus, having been declared virtually extinct until recently. Present research has shown that the species occurs in an area wider than previously known. However, its habitat is disappearing at a fast rate and the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal populations appear to be sufficiently different from each other to warrant at least subspecies status and further investigation. Third instar larvae of the northern population were collected recently in the Karkloof Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal. They were reared to adulthood under environmentally controlled conditions and are here described.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Perissinotto, R , Orozco, Jesús (Entomologist)
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Afrotropical , Goliathini , Eudicella trimeni , Scarab beetles , Fruit chafers , Flower chafers , Larva , Grubs , Rosenkäfer
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6559 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006605 , http://africaninvertebrates.org/ojs/index.php/AI/article/view/307
- Description: Eudicella trimeni is reportedly one of the most endangered species of the genus, having been declared virtually extinct until recently. Present research has shown that the species occurs in an area wider than previously known. However, its habitat is disappearing at a fast rate and the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal populations appear to be sufficiently different from each other to warrant at least subspecies status and further investigation. Third instar larvae of the northern population were collected recently in the Karkloof Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal. They were reared to adulthood under environmentally controlled conditions and are here described.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The Essential Oil of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden Inhibits Microbial Growth by Inducing Membrane Damage
- Soyingbe, Oluwagbemiga Sewanu, Oyedeji, Adebola, Basson, Albert Kortze, Opoku, Andy Rowland
- Authors: Soyingbe, Oluwagbemiga Sewanu , Oyedeji, Adebola , Basson, Albert Kortze , Opoku, Andy Rowland
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/731 , vital:29666
- Description: Eucalyptus grandis is a medicinal plant which has been indicated by Zulu traditional healer in the treatment of respira- tory tract infections, bronchial infections, asthma and cough. The investigation of the essential oil of this plant could help to verify the rationale behind the use of the plant as a cure for these illnesses. Essential oil was hydro-distilled from the fresh leaves and characterised for the chemical constituents and bioactivity. The main constituents of the oil of the E. grandis are α-Pinene (29.69%), p-Cymene (19.89%), 1,8-cineole (12.80%), α-Terpineol (6.48%), Borneol (3.48%) and D-Limonene (3.14%). The essential oil of E. grandis showed high scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals, and was active against 13 of the 16 organisms tested with the MIC ranging from 0.625 mg - 5.0 mg/ml; the MBC value ranged from 2.5 mg - 10 mg/ml. The essential oil also inhibited the growth of 7 of the 8 antibiotic resistant bacteria tested, with MIC ranging from 5 mg/ml - 10 mg/ml. The DNA extracted from the affected microorganisms did not show any dam- age however, there was an increase of released cytosolic LDH activity. We conclude that the antibacterial activity of the essential oil was exhibited through cell membrane damage rather than the damage of the DNA. It is apparent that the bioactivity of the essential oil of E. grandis plays an important role in the plants’ use in folk medicine for the treatment of respiratory tract illnesses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Soyingbe, Oluwagbemiga Sewanu , Oyedeji, Adebola , Basson, Albert Kortze , Opoku, Andy Rowland
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/731 , vital:29666
- Description: Eucalyptus grandis is a medicinal plant which has been indicated by Zulu traditional healer in the treatment of respira- tory tract infections, bronchial infections, asthma and cough. The investigation of the essential oil of this plant could help to verify the rationale behind the use of the plant as a cure for these illnesses. Essential oil was hydro-distilled from the fresh leaves and characterised for the chemical constituents and bioactivity. The main constituents of the oil of the E. grandis are α-Pinene (29.69%), p-Cymene (19.89%), 1,8-cineole (12.80%), α-Terpineol (6.48%), Borneol (3.48%) and D-Limonene (3.14%). The essential oil of E. grandis showed high scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals, and was active against 13 of the 16 organisms tested with the MIC ranging from 0.625 mg - 5.0 mg/ml; the MBC value ranged from 2.5 mg - 10 mg/ml. The essential oil also inhibited the growth of 7 of the 8 antibiotic resistant bacteria tested, with MIC ranging from 5 mg/ml - 10 mg/ml. The DNA extracted from the affected microorganisms did not show any dam- age however, there was an increase of released cytosolic LDH activity. We conclude that the antibacterial activity of the essential oil was exhibited through cell membrane damage rather than the damage of the DNA. It is apparent that the bioactivity of the essential oil of E. grandis plays an important role in the plants’ use in folk medicine for the treatment of respiratory tract illnesses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Anniversary Bulletin 1943-2013: 70 Years of Struggle... and the Struggle Continues
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Government, Resistance to -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , South Africa -- History -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/37365 , vital:34158 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Bulletin was the official newsletter of the New Unity Movement. It was published about twice a year and contained articles reflecting the organisation's views on resistance to the Apartheid government.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Government, Resistance to -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , South Africa -- History -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/37365 , vital:34158 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Bulletin was the official newsletter of the New Unity Movement. It was published about twice a year and contained articles reflecting the organisation's views on resistance to the Apartheid government.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
Fears and desires in South African crime fiction
- Authors: Naidu, Samantha
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:26323 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/53765 , http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2013.826070 , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-8657
- Description: This article is a review of a burgeoning literary genre, South African crime fiction, as much as it is a review of specific texts. First, for the purposes of contextualisation and historicisation, an overview of the primary literature is provided. Then criticism and theories of extant crime fiction in mainly the UK and USA, of which South African crime fiction is a descendent, are outlined. This outline is followed by descriptions of two sub-genres (the crime thriller novel and the literary detective novel). Two exemplar texts, Devil’s Peak (2007) and Lost Ground (2011) are then reviewed. The artistic merit of the respective sub-genres and their capacity for social analysis is also considered. The article ends with some brief inferences and the claim that the credibility and heft of this popular literary genre have been established
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Naidu, Samantha
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:26323 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/53765 , http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2013.826070 , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-8657
- Description: This article is a review of a burgeoning literary genre, South African crime fiction, as much as it is a review of specific texts. First, for the purposes of contextualisation and historicisation, an overview of the primary literature is provided. Then criticism and theories of extant crime fiction in mainly the UK and USA, of which South African crime fiction is a descendent, are outlined. This outline is followed by descriptions of two sub-genres (the crime thriller novel and the literary detective novel). Two exemplar texts, Devil’s Peak (2007) and Lost Ground (2011) are then reviewed. The artistic merit of the respective sub-genres and their capacity for social analysis is also considered. The article ends with some brief inferences and the claim that the credibility and heft of this popular literary genre have been established
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Prof Nyokong wins NRF Lifetime Achievement Award
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:7215 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006511 , Nyokong, Tebello
- Description: Professor Tebello Nyokong of Rhodes University was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award at this year’s NRF Awards, held in Port Elizabeth, 2013. She is currently a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Rhodes University and holder of the DST-NRF Research Chair in Medicinal Chemistry and Nanotechnology, as well as Director of the DST-Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre focussing on sensors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:7215 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006511 , Nyokong, Tebello
- Description: Professor Tebello Nyokong of Rhodes University was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award at this year’s NRF Awards, held in Port Elizabeth, 2013. She is currently a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Rhodes University and holder of the DST-NRF Research Chair in Medicinal Chemistry and Nanotechnology, as well as Director of the DST-Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre focussing on sensors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Observables in a lattice Universe : the cosmological fitting problem
- Bruneton, J-P, Larena, Julien
- Authors: Bruneton, J-P , Larena, Julien
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6790 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006943
- Description: We explore observables in a lattice Universe described by a recently found solution to Einstein field equations. This solution models a regular lattice of evenly distributed objects of equal masses. This inhomogeneous solution is perturbative, and, up to second order in a small parameter, it expands at a rate exactly equal to the one expected in a dust dominated Friedmann-Lema^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model with the equivalent, smoothed, energy density. Therefore, the kinematics of both cosmologies are identical up to the order of perturbation studied. Looking at the behaviour of the redshift and angular distance, we find a condition on the compactness of the objects at the centre of each cell under which corrections to the FLRW observables remain small, i.e. of order of a few percents at most. Nevertheless, we show that, if this condition is violated, i.e. if the objects are too compact, our perturbative scheme breaks down as far as the calculations of observables are concerned, even though the kinematics of the lattice remains identical to its FLRW counter-part (at the perturbative order considered). This may be an indication of an actual fitting problem, i.e. a situation in which the FLRW model obtained from lightcone observables does not correspond to the FLRW model obtained by smoothing the spatial distribution of matter. Fully non-perturbative treatments of the observables will be necessary to answer that question.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Bruneton, J-P , Larena, Julien
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6790 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006943
- Description: We explore observables in a lattice Universe described by a recently found solution to Einstein field equations. This solution models a regular lattice of evenly distributed objects of equal masses. This inhomogeneous solution is perturbative, and, up to second order in a small parameter, it expands at a rate exactly equal to the one expected in a dust dominated Friedmann-Lema^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model with the equivalent, smoothed, energy density. Therefore, the kinematics of both cosmologies are identical up to the order of perturbation studied. Looking at the behaviour of the redshift and angular distance, we find a condition on the compactness of the objects at the centre of each cell under which corrections to the FLRW observables remain small, i.e. of order of a few percents at most. Nevertheless, we show that, if this condition is violated, i.e. if the objects are too compact, our perturbative scheme breaks down as far as the calculations of observables are concerned, even though the kinematics of the lattice remains identical to its FLRW counter-part (at the perturbative order considered). This may be an indication of an actual fitting problem, i.e. a situation in which the FLRW model obtained from lightcone observables does not correspond to the FLRW model obtained by smoothing the spatial distribution of matter. Fully non-perturbative treatments of the observables will be necessary to answer that question.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Biogeographical boundaries, functional group structure and diversity of rocky shore communities along the Argentinean coast
- Wieters, Evie A, McQuaid, Christopher D, Palomo, Gabriela, Pappalardo, Paula
- Authors: Wieters, Evie A , McQuaid, Christopher D , Palomo, Gabriela , Pappalardo, Paula
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6835 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010956
- Description: We investigate the extent to which functional structure and spatial variability of intertidal communities coincide with major biogeographical boundaries, areas where extensive compositional changes in the biota are observed over a limited geographic extension. We then investigate whether spatial variation in the biomass of functional groups, over geographic (10′s km) and local (10′s m) scales, could be associated to species diversity within and among these groups. Functional community structure expressed as abundance (density, cover and biomass) and composition of major functional groups was quantified through field surveys at 20 rocky intertidal shores spanning six degrees of latitude along the southwest Atlantic coast of Argentina and extending across the boundaries between the Argentinean and Magellanic Provinces. Patterns of abundance of individual functional groups were not uniformly matched with biogeographical regions. Only ephemeral algae showed an abrupt geographical discontinuity coincident with changes in biogeographic boundaries, and this was limited to the mid intertidal zone. We identified 3–4 main ‘groups’ of sites in terms of the total and relative abundance of the major functional groups, but these did not coincide with biogeographical boundaries, nor did they follow latitudinal arrangement. Thus, processes that determine the functional structure of these intertidal communities are insensitive to biogeographical boundaries. Over both geographical and local spatial scales, and for most functional groups and tidal levels, increases in species richness within the functional group was significantly associated to increased total biomass and reduced spatial variability of the group. These results suggest that species belonging to the same functional group are sufficiently uncorrelated over space (i.e. metres and site-to-site ) to stabilize patterns of biomass variability and, in this manner, provide a buffer, or “insurance”, against spatial variability in environmental conditions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Wieters, Evie A , McQuaid, Christopher D , Palomo, Gabriela , Pappalardo, Paula
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6835 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010956
- Description: We investigate the extent to which functional structure and spatial variability of intertidal communities coincide with major biogeographical boundaries, areas where extensive compositional changes in the biota are observed over a limited geographic extension. We then investigate whether spatial variation in the biomass of functional groups, over geographic (10′s km) and local (10′s m) scales, could be associated to species diversity within and among these groups. Functional community structure expressed as abundance (density, cover and biomass) and composition of major functional groups was quantified through field surveys at 20 rocky intertidal shores spanning six degrees of latitude along the southwest Atlantic coast of Argentina and extending across the boundaries between the Argentinean and Magellanic Provinces. Patterns of abundance of individual functional groups were not uniformly matched with biogeographical regions. Only ephemeral algae showed an abrupt geographical discontinuity coincident with changes in biogeographic boundaries, and this was limited to the mid intertidal zone. We identified 3–4 main ‘groups’ of sites in terms of the total and relative abundance of the major functional groups, but these did not coincide with biogeographical boundaries, nor did they follow latitudinal arrangement. Thus, processes that determine the functional structure of these intertidal communities are insensitive to biogeographical boundaries. Over both geographical and local spatial scales, and for most functional groups and tidal levels, increases in species richness within the functional group was significantly associated to increased total biomass and reduced spatial variability of the group. These results suggest that species belonging to the same functional group are sufficiently uncorrelated over space (i.e. metres and site-to-site ) to stabilize patterns of biomass variability and, in this manner, provide a buffer, or “insurance”, against spatial variability in environmental conditions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Catching on to concatenation : evidence for prepollination intrasexual selection in plants
- Peter, Craig I, Shuttleworth, Adam
- Authors: Peter, Craig I , Shuttleworth, Adam
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6560 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011615 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12838
- Description: [from introduction] Darwin (1871) proposed the mechanism of sexual selection to explain the extreme traits, secondary sex characters, seen primarily in male animals for either display or competition. These elaborate traits for attracting members of the opposite sex or competing for access to mates, inter- and intra-sexual selection, respectively, would increase the mating success of individuals but may reduce individual survival. Sexual selection has traditionally been associated with motile, dioecious animals that have well-developed sensory abilities and has long been viewed as absent as a mode of selection in plants (Grant, 1995). However, since the 1980s, several workers have argued that sexual selection is applicable to plants and should be considered as a factor in floral evolution (Skogsmyr & Lankinen, 2002). Opponents such as Grant (1995) point to incompatibility with Darwin’s usage, hermaphroditism, the absence of obvious secondary sex characters and the apparent absence of female choice in plants (Skogsmyr & Lankinen, 2002; Moore & Pannell, 2011). Proponents, however, argue that historical definitions should be expanded to explain modern evidence and that sexual selection can, in principle, occur in hermaphrodites and hence play a role in the evolution of floral traits. The latter view is supported by a recent study by Cocucci et al. (this issue of New Phytologist, pp. 280–286) which demonstrates intra-sexual selection in plants via direct male–male competition between the pollinaria of milkweeds for optimal attachment sites on pollinators to ensure subsequent pollinium deposition. This is the first example of male–male competition resulting in secondary sex characters in hermaphrodite plants, highlighting the possibility of overlooked mechanisms of sexual selection in plants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Peter, Craig I , Shuttleworth, Adam
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6560 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011615 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12838
- Description: [from introduction] Darwin (1871) proposed the mechanism of sexual selection to explain the extreme traits, secondary sex characters, seen primarily in male animals for either display or competition. These elaborate traits for attracting members of the opposite sex or competing for access to mates, inter- and intra-sexual selection, respectively, would increase the mating success of individuals but may reduce individual survival. Sexual selection has traditionally been associated with motile, dioecious animals that have well-developed sensory abilities and has long been viewed as absent as a mode of selection in plants (Grant, 1995). However, since the 1980s, several workers have argued that sexual selection is applicable to plants and should be considered as a factor in floral evolution (Skogsmyr & Lankinen, 2002). Opponents such as Grant (1995) point to incompatibility with Darwin’s usage, hermaphroditism, the absence of obvious secondary sex characters and the apparent absence of female choice in plants (Skogsmyr & Lankinen, 2002; Moore & Pannell, 2011). Proponents, however, argue that historical definitions should be expanded to explain modern evidence and that sexual selection can, in principle, occur in hermaphrodites and hence play a role in the evolution of floral traits. The latter view is supported by a recent study by Cocucci et al. (this issue of New Phytologist, pp. 280–286) which demonstrates intra-sexual selection in plants via direct male–male competition between the pollinaria of milkweeds for optimal attachment sites on pollinators to ensure subsequent pollinium deposition. This is the first example of male–male competition resulting in secondary sex characters in hermaphrodite plants, highlighting the possibility of overlooked mechanisms of sexual selection in plants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013