Action for increasing energy-saving behaviour in student residences at Rhodes University, South Africa
- Ancha, Angel, Bulunga, Lindelwa, Thondhlana, Gladman
- Authors: Ancha, Angel , Bulunga, Lindelwa , Thondhlana, Gladman
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67801 , vital:29146 , https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2017-0107
- Description: Publisher version , Purpose: In response to increasing energy demand and financial constraints to invest in green infrastructure, behaviour change energy-saving interventions are increasingly being considered as a tool for encouraging pro-environmental behaviour in campus residences. This paper aims to report on a pilot programme aimed at reducing energy consumption via behaviour change interventions, variably applied in residences at Rhodes University, South Africa. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected via structured questionnaires, energy consumption records and post-intervention programme focus group discussions. Findings: Participant residences that received a mix of different interventions in the forms of pamphlets, face-to-face discussions, incentives and feedback recorded more energy reductions of up to 9 per cent than residences that received a single or no intervention. In post-experiment discussions, students cited personal, institutional and structural barriers to pro-environmental energy-use behaviour. Practical implications: Overall, the results of this study suggest that information provision of energy-saving tips combined with regular feedback and incentives can result in energy-use reductions in university residences, which may yield environmental and economic benefits for universities, but addressing barriers to pro-environmental behaviour might maximise the results. Originality/value: Given the lack of literature on energy conservation in the global South universities, this study provides the basis for discussing the potential for using behavioural interventions in universities for stirring pathways towards sustainability.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ancha, Angel , Bulunga, Lindelwa , Thondhlana, Gladman
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67801 , vital:29146 , https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2017-0107
- Description: Publisher version , Purpose: In response to increasing energy demand and financial constraints to invest in green infrastructure, behaviour change energy-saving interventions are increasingly being considered as a tool for encouraging pro-environmental behaviour in campus residences. This paper aims to report on a pilot programme aimed at reducing energy consumption via behaviour change interventions, variably applied in residences at Rhodes University, South Africa. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected via structured questionnaires, energy consumption records and post-intervention programme focus group discussions. Findings: Participant residences that received a mix of different interventions in the forms of pamphlets, face-to-face discussions, incentives and feedback recorded more energy reductions of up to 9 per cent than residences that received a single or no intervention. In post-experiment discussions, students cited personal, institutional and structural barriers to pro-environmental energy-use behaviour. Practical implications: Overall, the results of this study suggest that information provision of energy-saving tips combined with regular feedback and incentives can result in energy-use reductions in university residences, which may yield environmental and economic benefits for universities, but addressing barriers to pro-environmental behaviour might maximise the results. Originality/value: Given the lack of literature on energy conservation in the global South universities, this study provides the basis for discussing the potential for using behavioural interventions in universities for stirring pathways towards sustainability.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Ageing, wellbeing and development: Brazil and South Africa
- Barrientos, Amando, Moller, Valerie, Saboia, Joao, Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter, Mase, Julia
- Authors: Barrientos, Amando , Moller, Valerie , Saboia, Joao , Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter , Mase, Julia
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: book chapter , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61690 , vital:28049 , https://books.google.co.za/books?id=0tFMDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Barrientos, Amando , Moller, Valerie , Saboia, Joao , Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter , Mase, Julia
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: book chapter , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61690 , vital:28049 , https://books.google.co.za/books?id=0tFMDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
The party-state in the land occupations of Zimbabwe: the case of Shamva district
- Bhatasara, Sandra, Helliker, Kirk D
- Authors: Bhatasara, Sandra , Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71353 , vital:29836 , https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616658316
- Description: There has been significant debate about the land occupations which occurred from the year 2000 in Zimbabwe, with a key controversy concerning the role of the state and ruling party (or party-state) in the occupations. This controversy, deriving from two grand narratives about the occupations, remains unresolved. A burgeoning literature exists on the Zimbabwean state’s fast-track land reform programme, which arose in the context of the occupations, but this literature is concerned mainly with post-occupation developments on fast-track farms. This article seeks to contribute to resolving the controversy surrounding the party-state and the land occupations by examining the occupations in the Shamva District of Mashonaland Central Province. The fieldwork for our Shamva study focused exclusively on the land occupations (and not on the fast-track farms) and was undertaken in May 2015. We conclude from our Shamva study that involvement by the party-state did not take on an institutionalised form but was of a personalised character entailing interventions by specific party and state actors.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Bhatasara, Sandra , Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71353 , vital:29836 , https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616658316
- Description: There has been significant debate about the land occupations which occurred from the year 2000 in Zimbabwe, with a key controversy concerning the role of the state and ruling party (or party-state) in the occupations. This controversy, deriving from two grand narratives about the occupations, remains unresolved. A burgeoning literature exists on the Zimbabwean state’s fast-track land reform programme, which arose in the context of the occupations, but this literature is concerned mainly with post-occupation developments on fast-track farms. This article seeks to contribute to resolving the controversy surrounding the party-state and the land occupations by examining the occupations in the Shamva District of Mashonaland Central Province. The fieldwork for our Shamva study focused exclusively on the land occupations (and not on the fast-track farms) and was undertaken in May 2015. We conclude from our Shamva study that involvement by the party-state did not take on an institutionalised form but was of a personalised character entailing interventions by specific party and state actors.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Largest reported groups for the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) found in Algoa Bay, South Africa: trends and potential drivers
- Bouveroux, Thibaut N, Caputo, Michelle, Froneman, P William, Plön, Stephanie
- Authors: Bouveroux, Thibaut N , Caputo, Michelle , Froneman, P William , Plön, Stephanie
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67913 , vital:29168 , https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12471
- Description: Publisher version , This study investigates how group size of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) changes temporally, spatially, and/or with predominant behavior at two discreet sites along the Eastern Cape coastline of South Africa: Algoa Bay and the Wild Coast. The mean group size of bottlenose dolphins was large with an average of 52 animals. Significantly larger groups were observed in Algoa Bay ( = 60, range = 1–600) than off the Wild Coast ( = 32.9, range = 1–250). In Algoa Bay, the mean group size increased significantly over the study period, from an average 18 animals in 2008 to 76 animals in 2016. Additionally, the largest average and maximum group sizes ever reported both in South Africa and worldwide, were recorded in Algoa Bay (maximum group size = 600). Neither season nor behavior had a significant effect on mean group size at both sites. Similarly environmental variables such as the depth and substrate type also had no influence on group size. It remains unclear which ecological drivers, such as predation risk and food availability, are leading to the large groups observed in this area, and further research on abundance and distribution of both predators and prey is necessary.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Bouveroux, Thibaut N , Caputo, Michelle , Froneman, P William , Plön, Stephanie
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67913 , vital:29168 , https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12471
- Description: Publisher version , This study investigates how group size of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) changes temporally, spatially, and/or with predominant behavior at two discreet sites along the Eastern Cape coastline of South Africa: Algoa Bay and the Wild Coast. The mean group size of bottlenose dolphins was large with an average of 52 animals. Significantly larger groups were observed in Algoa Bay ( = 60, range = 1–600) than off the Wild Coast ( = 32.9, range = 1–250). In Algoa Bay, the mean group size increased significantly over the study period, from an average 18 animals in 2008 to 76 animals in 2016. Additionally, the largest average and maximum group sizes ever reported both in South Africa and worldwide, were recorded in Algoa Bay (maximum group size = 600). Neither season nor behavior had a significant effect on mean group size at both sites. Similarly environmental variables such as the depth and substrate type also had no influence on group size. It remains unclear which ecological drivers, such as predation risk and food availability, are leading to the large groups observed in this area, and further research on abundance and distribution of both predators and prey is necessary.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Going to university: the Influence of higher education on the lives of young South Africans
- Case, Jennifer M, Marshall, Delia, McKenna, Sioux, Mogashana, Disaapele
- Authors: Case, Jennifer M , Marshall, Delia , McKenna, Sioux , Mogashana, Disaapele
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Education, Higher -- Aims and objectives -- South Africa Education, Higher -- South Africa College students -- South Africa Education, Higher -- South Africa -- Social aspects Education, Higher -- South Africa -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: e-book , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61134 , vital:27981 , https://books.google.co.za/books?id=T-RMDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Case, Jennifer M , Marshall, Delia , McKenna, Sioux , Mogashana, Disaapele
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Education, Higher -- Aims and objectives -- South Africa Education, Higher -- South Africa College students -- South Africa Education, Higher -- South Africa -- Social aspects Education, Higher -- South Africa -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: e-book , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61134 , vital:27981 , https://books.google.co.za/books?id=T-RMDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Phototransferred thermoluminescence of synthetic quartz: analysis of illumination-time response curves
- Chithambo, Makaiko L, Niyonzima, P, Kalita, Jitumani M
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L , Niyonzima, P , Kalita, Jitumani M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111020 , vital:33364 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.02.029
- Description: Phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) induced in synthetic quartz by 470 nm blue light is reported. The glow curve measured at 5 °C/s up to 500 °C after irradiation to 100 Gy shows six peaks at 94, 116, 175, 212, 280 and 348 °C labelled I through VI and another one at 80 °C (labelled A1). PTTL is only observed for peaks A1 and I and is induced at peak A1 as long as peak III has been removed by preheating and at peak I after preheating to deplete peak VI. The inducement of PTTL even when all peaks have been removed points to deep electron traps in the quartz also acting as donors in addition to the putative ones below 500 °C. The PTTL intensity as a function of duration of illumination for A1 goes through a peak and decreases monotonically or to a stable value depending on the preheating temperature. The change of PTTL intensity as a function of illumination time is described using a set of coupled linear differential equations. The number of acceptors and donors in a particular system described in this way is influenced by the preheating temperature.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L , Niyonzima, P , Kalita, Jitumani M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111020 , vital:33364 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.02.029
- Description: Phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) induced in synthetic quartz by 470 nm blue light is reported. The glow curve measured at 5 °C/s up to 500 °C after irradiation to 100 Gy shows six peaks at 94, 116, 175, 212, 280 and 348 °C labelled I through VI and another one at 80 °C (labelled A1). PTTL is only observed for peaks A1 and I and is induced at peak A1 as long as peak III has been removed by preheating and at peak I after preheating to deplete peak VI. The inducement of PTTL even when all peaks have been removed points to deep electron traps in the quartz also acting as donors in addition to the putative ones below 500 °C. The PTTL intensity as a function of duration of illumination for A1 goes through a peak and decreases monotonically or to a stable value depending on the preheating temperature. The change of PTTL intensity as a function of illumination time is described using a set of coupled linear differential equations. The number of acceptors and donors in a particular system described in this way is influenced by the preheating temperature.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Optically stimulated luminescence of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: a study of dosimetric features
- Chithambo, Makaiko L, Kalita, Jitumani M
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L , Kalita, Jitumani M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110035 , vital:33217 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.06.006
- Description: We report the dosimetric features of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) using luminescence optically stimulated using 470 nm blue light. Samples irradiated to between 1 and 1000 Gy produces luminescence that increases with irradiation dose to produce a linear dose response between 1 and 1000 Gy. The sample was determined not to be affected by pre-dose in tests using a pre-dose of 4000 Gy. This characteristic precludes the need for elaborate background erasing routines typical of dosimetry experiments. The signal has good reproducibility. We used this property to test recovery of ‘unknown’ doses with encouraging results. It was observed that luminescence can also be stimulated using 870 nm infrared light. The dose response, fading, pre-dose effect and the ability to optically stimulate luminescence from the polymer is discussed in terms of curing involving free-radicals.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L , Kalita, Jitumani M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110035 , vital:33217 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.06.006
- Description: We report the dosimetric features of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) using luminescence optically stimulated using 470 nm blue light. Samples irradiated to between 1 and 1000 Gy produces luminescence that increases with irradiation dose to produce a linear dose response between 1 and 1000 Gy. The sample was determined not to be affected by pre-dose in tests using a pre-dose of 4000 Gy. This characteristic precludes the need for elaborate background erasing routines typical of dosimetry experiments. The signal has good reproducibility. We used this property to test recovery of ‘unknown’ doses with encouraging results. It was observed that luminescence can also be stimulated using 870 nm infrared light. The dose response, fading, pre-dose effect and the ability to optically stimulate luminescence from the polymer is discussed in terms of curing involving free-radicals.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Thermoluminescence of annealed synthetic quartz: the influence of annealing on kinetic parameters and thermal quenching
- Dawam, Robert R, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Dawam, Robert R , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110050 , vital:33218 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.06.004
- Description: The thermoluminescence of synthetic quartz annealed at various temperatures up to 900 °C is reported. Glow curves measured at 1 oCs−1 following beta irradiation to 40 Gy from a sample annealed at 500 °C and from an unannealed one consist of a prominent peak at 70 °C and secondary peaks at 110, 180 and 310 °C. In comparison, the glow peak from the sample annealed at 900 °C consists of three peaks but with the main peak at 86 °C and other lower intensity peaks at 170 and 310 °C. Kinetic analysis was carried out on the main peak only in each case. The order of kinetics of this peak was determined to be first order using various methods. The activation energy was evaluated as an average of 0.90±0.02eV for the unannealed sample and the one annealed at 500 °C. However, when the synthetic quartz is annealed at 900 °C, the activation energy decreases to 0.65±0.02eV. The main point of interest however concerns thermal quenching. It was noted that for the sample annealed at 500 °C as well as the unannealed one, the maximum intensity of the main peak decreases with heating rate. This phenomenon is associated with thermal quenching. When the same experiment is carried out using quartz annealed at 900 °C and irradiated to the same dose, namely 40 Gy, the intensity increases with heating rate. This would imply that this sample is not affected by thermal quenching. Using the notion that the radiative and non-radiative recombination routes are competitive, we repeated the experiment using a low dose of 3 Gy. In this case, the intensity decreased with heating rate showing that the process can be tuned. The activation energy for thermal quenching for the samples annealed at 900 °C, 500 °C and unnannealed one was found as 0.65±0.02eV, 0.82±0.02eV and 0.95±0.06eV. Evidently, annealing affects recombination processes in synthetic quartz.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dawam, Robert R , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110050 , vital:33218 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.06.004
- Description: The thermoluminescence of synthetic quartz annealed at various temperatures up to 900 °C is reported. Glow curves measured at 1 oCs−1 following beta irradiation to 40 Gy from a sample annealed at 500 °C and from an unannealed one consist of a prominent peak at 70 °C and secondary peaks at 110, 180 and 310 °C. In comparison, the glow peak from the sample annealed at 900 °C consists of three peaks but with the main peak at 86 °C and other lower intensity peaks at 170 and 310 °C. Kinetic analysis was carried out on the main peak only in each case. The order of kinetics of this peak was determined to be first order using various methods. The activation energy was evaluated as an average of 0.90±0.02eV for the unannealed sample and the one annealed at 500 °C. However, when the synthetic quartz is annealed at 900 °C, the activation energy decreases to 0.65±0.02eV. The main point of interest however concerns thermal quenching. It was noted that for the sample annealed at 500 °C as well as the unannealed one, the maximum intensity of the main peak decreases with heating rate. This phenomenon is associated with thermal quenching. When the same experiment is carried out using quartz annealed at 900 °C and irradiated to the same dose, namely 40 Gy, the intensity increases with heating rate. This would imply that this sample is not affected by thermal quenching. Using the notion that the radiative and non-radiative recombination routes are competitive, we repeated the experiment using a low dose of 3 Gy. In this case, the intensity decreased with heating rate showing that the process can be tuned. The activation energy for thermal quenching for the samples annealed at 900 °C, 500 °C and unnannealed one was found as 0.65±0.02eV, 0.82±0.02eV and 0.95±0.06eV. Evidently, annealing affects recombination processes in synthetic quartz.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Influence of annealing on thermoluminescence of natural quartz: kinetic analysis and experimental study of apparent inverse thermal quenching
- Folley, Damilola E, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Folley, Damilola E , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/109996 , vital:33212 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.04.010
- Description: The influence of annealing on the main thermoluminescence glow-peak of natural quartz is reported. For comparison, results from un-annealed quartz are included. The glow-curve measured at 1 °Cs−1 after beta irradiation to 50 Gy revealed six peaks each for quartz annealed at 800 °C for 1 h and the un-annealed sample. The main peak in both quartzes was observed at 72 °C. This report focusses on kinetic analysis of the main peak. The analysis was carried out using various methods consisting of the initial rise, whole glow-peak, peak shape, variable heating rate and phosphorescence-based methods. The activation energy obtained using the various methods ranges between and for the annealed sample and between and for the un-annealed sample. The result suggests that annealing has little effect on the activation energy. The luminescence intensity decreased with heating rate in the un-annealed sample in a manner suggestive of thermal quenching. In contrast, the dependence of intensity on heating rate in the annealed sample is influenced by the dose the sample is irradiated to. Whereas thermal quenching was noted for a dose of 50 Gy in the un-annealed sample, the annealed sample showed evidence of thermal quenching at a low dose of 3 Gy with the opposite effect when irradiated to 50 Gy. The activation energies of thermal quenching were found as and for the un-annealed and annealed samples respectively. We ascribe the apparent dependence of thermal quenching on dose in the annealed sample to competition between radiative and non-radiative transitions at the recombination centre.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Folley, Damilola E , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/109996 , vital:33212 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.04.010
- Description: The influence of annealing on the main thermoluminescence glow-peak of natural quartz is reported. For comparison, results from un-annealed quartz are included. The glow-curve measured at 1 °Cs−1 after beta irradiation to 50 Gy revealed six peaks each for quartz annealed at 800 °C for 1 h and the un-annealed sample. The main peak in both quartzes was observed at 72 °C. This report focusses on kinetic analysis of the main peak. The analysis was carried out using various methods consisting of the initial rise, whole glow-peak, peak shape, variable heating rate and phosphorescence-based methods. The activation energy obtained using the various methods ranges between and for the annealed sample and between and for the un-annealed sample. The result suggests that annealing has little effect on the activation energy. The luminescence intensity decreased with heating rate in the un-annealed sample in a manner suggestive of thermal quenching. In contrast, the dependence of intensity on heating rate in the annealed sample is influenced by the dose the sample is irradiated to. Whereas thermal quenching was noted for a dose of 50 Gy in the un-annealed sample, the annealed sample showed evidence of thermal quenching at a low dose of 3 Gy with the opposite effect when irradiated to 50 Gy. The activation energies of thermal quenching were found as and for the un-annealed and annealed samples respectively. We ascribe the apparent dependence of thermal quenching on dose in the annealed sample to competition between radiative and non-radiative transitions at the recombination centre.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Protection of rights of urban refugees in Kenya: revisiting Kituo Cha Sheria v The Attorney General
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125174 , vital:35740 , DOI: 10.25159/2522-6800/3291
- Description: This article discusses the judgment in the landmark case of Kituo Cha Sheria and Others v Attorney General in the light of the emerging rights jurisprudence in the area of refugee rights. It also explores the impact the judgment could have on the articulation of the rights of urban refugees in Kenya. Based on the assumption that Kenya’s 2010 Constitution provides an opportunity for the robust enforcement of rights, the article analyses the key rights and protection imperatives that were at the centre of the dispute. These include the right to dignity, freedom of movement and to work, and also the principle of refoulement. These rights are at the core of the protection agenda for urban refugees.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125174 , vital:35740 , DOI: 10.25159/2522-6800/3291
- Description: This article discusses the judgment in the landmark case of Kituo Cha Sheria and Others v Attorney General in the light of the emerging rights jurisprudence in the area of refugee rights. It also explores the impact the judgment could have on the articulation of the rights of urban refugees in Kenya. Based on the assumption that Kenya’s 2010 Constitution provides an opportunity for the robust enforcement of rights, the article analyses the key rights and protection imperatives that were at the centre of the dispute. These include the right to dignity, freedom of movement and to work, and also the principle of refoulement. These rights are at the core of the protection agenda for urban refugees.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Protection of internally displaced persons in Kenya under the Prevention, Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and Affected Communities Act of 2012: an appraisal
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126122 , vital:35851 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-107c9cba58
- Description: This article discusses Kenya’s Prevention, Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and Affected Communities Act of 2012, which is among the very few national legislations globally that addresses the plight of internally displaced persons. While it records the momentous achievement in creating a viable and legally enforceable legislative framework for the protection of IDPs, the article highlights some of the areas that could be improved for the Act to realise its promise. It notes for example the inchoate manner in which institutions are created and the lack of resources. The article while isolating these challenges also suggests numerous ways in which such challenges can be overcome. It underscores the need for harmonised legal regimes, improvement of data collection and proper monitoring programmes, all which can be achieved and strengthened by a supportive political establishment as well as strategic amendments to various provisions of the Act.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126122 , vital:35851 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-107c9cba58
- Description: This article discusses Kenya’s Prevention, Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and Affected Communities Act of 2012, which is among the very few national legislations globally that addresses the plight of internally displaced persons. While it records the momentous achievement in creating a viable and legally enforceable legislative framework for the protection of IDPs, the article highlights some of the areas that could be improved for the Act to realise its promise. It notes for example the inchoate manner in which institutions are created and the lack of resources. The article while isolating these challenges also suggests numerous ways in which such challenges can be overcome. It underscores the need for harmonised legal regimes, improvement of data collection and proper monitoring programmes, all which can be achieved and strengthened by a supportive political establishment as well as strategic amendments to various provisions of the Act.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
The principle of complementarity and hybrid courts: the case of the Special Criminal Court for the Central African Republic
- Juma, Laurence, Chigowe, Lloyd
- Authors: Juma, Laurence , Chigowe, Lloyd
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125219 , vital:35747 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-110b0e557f
- Description: This paper seeks to locate the place of hybrid courts in the Rome Statute’s complementarity model using the Central African Republic’s Special Courts as a case study. The introduction of the Special Courts when the International Criminal Court has already intervened in Central African Republic has raised some concern regarding the Special Courts relationship with the International Criminal Court, especially whether it may defeat the complementarity regime established under article 17 of the Rome Statute. This paper seeks to dispel this concern. It argues that the creation of the Special Criminal Court should never be perceived as an indictment to the Rome Statute principle of complementarity, but instead a useful attempt to close the impunity gap that has arisen as a result of the collapse or dysfunctionality of national criminal justice system.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Juma, Laurence , Chigowe, Lloyd
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125219 , vital:35747 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-110b0e557f
- Description: This paper seeks to locate the place of hybrid courts in the Rome Statute’s complementarity model using the Central African Republic’s Special Courts as a case study. The introduction of the Special Courts when the International Criminal Court has already intervened in Central African Republic has raised some concern regarding the Special Courts relationship with the International Criminal Court, especially whether it may defeat the complementarity regime established under article 17 of the Rome Statute. This paper seeks to dispel this concern. It argues that the creation of the Special Criminal Court should never be perceived as an indictment to the Rome Statute principle of complementarity, but instead a useful attempt to close the impunity gap that has arisen as a result of the collapse or dysfunctionality of national criminal justice system.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Phototransferred thermoluminescence and thermally-assisted optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry using α-Al2O3:C,Mg annealed at 1200°C
- Kalita, Jitumani M, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/105422 , vital:32511 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.08.085
- Description: We report phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) and thermally-assisted optically stimulated luminescence (TA-OSL) of α-Al2O3:C,Mg annealed at 1200 °C. PTTL is TL measured from an irradiated phosphor after its exposure to light. The other theme of this study, TA-OSL is the additional amount of luminescence optically stimulated from a sample over and above the amount that would be measured at room temperature. A sample irradiated to 10 Gy and preheated to 230 °C at 1 °C/s followed by illumination by 470 nm blue light produced four PTTL peaks at 53, 80, 102 and 173 °C. The PTTL peaks occur at the same positions as the corresponding conventional TL peaks. Their kinetic parameters are also similar. The intensity of the PTTL peaks increased with duration of illumination to a maximum within 200 s for doses between 1 Gy and 10 Gy. The dose response of each of the PTTL peaks at 80, 102 and 173 °C is linear within 1–15 Gy. The rate of fading is low and the peaks are reproducible. When the irradiated sample is optically stimulated at temperatures between 30 °C and 300 °C, after preheating to 500 °C, the intensity of its TA-OSL goes through a peak with temperature at 200 °C. Using the rising edge of the plot, activation energy of thermal assistance for a deep electron trap was estimated as (0.21 ± 0.02) eV. The TA-OSL dose response is sublinear from 10–250 Gy and saturates thereafter. The PTTL and TA-OSL analyses signify that the concentration of deep traps in α-Al2O3:C,Mg increased after annealing at 1200 °C. As a result, the sample produced better PTTL and TA-OSL response than when annealed at lower temperature.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/105422 , vital:32511 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.08.085
- Description: We report phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) and thermally-assisted optically stimulated luminescence (TA-OSL) of α-Al2O3:C,Mg annealed at 1200 °C. PTTL is TL measured from an irradiated phosphor after its exposure to light. The other theme of this study, TA-OSL is the additional amount of luminescence optically stimulated from a sample over and above the amount that would be measured at room temperature. A sample irradiated to 10 Gy and preheated to 230 °C at 1 °C/s followed by illumination by 470 nm blue light produced four PTTL peaks at 53, 80, 102 and 173 °C. The PTTL peaks occur at the same positions as the corresponding conventional TL peaks. Their kinetic parameters are also similar. The intensity of the PTTL peaks increased with duration of illumination to a maximum within 200 s for doses between 1 Gy and 10 Gy. The dose response of each of the PTTL peaks at 80, 102 and 173 °C is linear within 1–15 Gy. The rate of fading is low and the peaks are reproducible. When the irradiated sample is optically stimulated at temperatures between 30 °C and 300 °C, after preheating to 500 °C, the intensity of its TA-OSL goes through a peak with temperature at 200 °C. Using the rising edge of the plot, activation energy of thermal assistance for a deep electron trap was estimated as (0.21 ± 0.02) eV. The TA-OSL dose response is sublinear from 10–250 Gy and saturates thereafter. The PTTL and TA-OSL analyses signify that the concentration of deep traps in α-Al2O3:C,Mg increased after annealing at 1200 °C. As a result, the sample produced better PTTL and TA-OSL response than when annealed at lower temperature.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
The effect of annealing and beta irradiation on thermoluminescence spectra of α-Al2O3: C, Mg
- Kalita, Jitumani M, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112875 , vital:33669 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.12.036
- Description: The effect of annealing on thermoluminescence spectra of beta irradiated α-Al2O3:C,Mg has been studied. Measurements were made on an un-annealed sample and samples annealed at 600, 700 and 900 °C. A glow curve measured at 1 °C/s from samples irradiated to 1 Gy shows a high intensity peak at 163 °C and six secondary peaks of weaker intensity at 43, 73, 195, 280, 329 and 370 °C. When the samples are annealed at 700 or 900 °C, an additional secondary peak appears at 100 °C. The thermoluminescence spectrum of an un-annealed sample measured at 1 °C/s between 300 and 700 nm shows the main emission band at ~ 410 nm and subsidiary emission bands at ~ 325 and 485 nm. The emission from samples annealed at 700 and 900 °C show similar bands except for a decrease in intensity of the emission at 485 nm. The emission bands at 325, 410 and 485 nm are attributed to F+, F and F22+(2Mg) -centres respectively. The decrease of the emission band at 485 nm is deduced to be due to the destruction of the F22+(2Mg) centre at 700 °C. The emission bands are unaffected by irradiation dose between 10 and 320 Gy. However, when the sample is annealed at or beyond 700 °C, any effects on the F+ and F centres emission can be easier distinguished particularly for doses greater than 10 Gy.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112875 , vital:33669 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.12.036
- Description: The effect of annealing on thermoluminescence spectra of beta irradiated α-Al2O3:C,Mg has been studied. Measurements were made on an un-annealed sample and samples annealed at 600, 700 and 900 °C. A glow curve measured at 1 °C/s from samples irradiated to 1 Gy shows a high intensity peak at 163 °C and six secondary peaks of weaker intensity at 43, 73, 195, 280, 329 and 370 °C. When the samples are annealed at 700 or 900 °C, an additional secondary peak appears at 100 °C. The thermoluminescence spectrum of an un-annealed sample measured at 1 °C/s between 300 and 700 nm shows the main emission band at ~ 410 nm and subsidiary emission bands at ~ 325 and 485 nm. The emission from samples annealed at 700 and 900 °C show similar bands except for a decrease in intensity of the emission at 485 nm. The emission bands at 325, 410 and 485 nm are attributed to F+, F and F22+(2Mg) -centres respectively. The decrease of the emission band at 485 nm is deduced to be due to the destruction of the F22+(2Mg) centre at 700 °C. The emission bands are unaffected by irradiation dose between 10 and 320 Gy. However, when the sample is annealed at or beyond 700 °C, any effects on the F+ and F centres emission can be easier distinguished particularly for doses greater than 10 Gy.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Thermoluminescence of α-Al2O3: C, Mg annealed at 1200° C
- Kalita, Jitumani M, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111030 , vital:33365 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2018.03.003
- Description: Stimulated luminescence in α-Al2O3:C,Mg has thus far been studied for samples annealed at temperature no higher than 900 °C as can be seen by an examination of the literature. We report the thermoluminescence (TL) features of α-Al2O3:C,Mg annealed at 1200 °C. A glow curve measured at 1 °C/s from the samples annealed at 1200 °C shows eight peaks at 54, 80, 102, 173, 238, 290, 330 and 387 °C. Kinetic analyses show that the peak at 54 °C follows general order kinetics (b = 1.3) whereas the rest follow first order kinetics. The values of the activation energy of the peaks are between 0.77 eV and 1.90 eV and the frequency factors are of the order of 1010–1014 s−1. The intensity of the peaks at 54, 80, 102 and 173 °C increase with heating rate whereas those of the peaks at 238 and 290 °C decrease with heating rate. The decrease of intensity of the peaks at 238 and 290 °C with heating rate is due to thermal quenching whereas the increase of intensity of the peaks with heating rate indicates an inverse thermal-quenching-like behaviour. Interestingly this behaviour is observed only after annealing at 1200 °C. The activation energy for thermal quenching as calculated using the peaks at 238 and 290 °C are (1.02 ± 0.16) eV and (1.33 ± 0.15) eV respectively. Regarding the dosimetric features, the dose response of the peaks at 54, 80 and 102 °C are sublinear within 1–10 Gy and the peak at 54 °C saturates above 6 Gy. In contrast, the response of the peak at 173 °C is sublinear with 1–4 Gy and superlinear between 4 and 10 Gy. The peaks are found to fade at different rates and the rate of fading is also affected by annealing.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111030 , vital:33365 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2018.03.003
- Description: Stimulated luminescence in α-Al2O3:C,Mg has thus far been studied for samples annealed at temperature no higher than 900 °C as can be seen by an examination of the literature. We report the thermoluminescence (TL) features of α-Al2O3:C,Mg annealed at 1200 °C. A glow curve measured at 1 °C/s from the samples annealed at 1200 °C shows eight peaks at 54, 80, 102, 173, 238, 290, 330 and 387 °C. Kinetic analyses show that the peak at 54 °C follows general order kinetics (b = 1.3) whereas the rest follow first order kinetics. The values of the activation energy of the peaks are between 0.77 eV and 1.90 eV and the frequency factors are of the order of 1010–1014 s−1. The intensity of the peaks at 54, 80, 102 and 173 °C increase with heating rate whereas those of the peaks at 238 and 290 °C decrease with heating rate. The decrease of intensity of the peaks at 238 and 290 °C with heating rate is due to thermal quenching whereas the increase of intensity of the peaks with heating rate indicates an inverse thermal-quenching-like behaviour. Interestingly this behaviour is observed only after annealing at 1200 °C. The activation energy for thermal quenching as calculated using the peaks at 238 and 290 °C are (1.02 ± 0.16) eV and (1.33 ± 0.15) eV respectively. Regarding the dosimetric features, the dose response of the peaks at 54, 80 and 102 °C are sublinear within 1–10 Gy and the peak at 54 °C saturates above 6 Gy. In contrast, the response of the peak at 173 °C is sublinear with 1–4 Gy and superlinear between 4 and 10 Gy. The peaks are found to fade at different rates and the rate of fading is also affected by annealing.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
The effect of pre-dose on thermally and optically stimulated luminescence from α-Al2O3C, Mg and α-Al2O3: C
- Kalita, Jitumani M, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111011 , vital:33363 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.06.012
- Description: We report the effect of pre-dose on the thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dose response of α-Al2O3:C,Mg and α-Al2O3:C. Before any luminescence measurement, the samples were irradiated with different doses, namely 100, 500 and 1000 Gy to populate the deep electron traps. This is the pre-dose. The results from TL and OSL studies are compared with results from samples used without any pre-measurement dose. The TL glow curves and OSL decay curves of α-Al2O3:C,Mg recorded after pre-doses of 100, 500 and 1000 Gy are identical to those from a sample used without any pre-dose. Further, the TL and OSL dose response of all α-Al2O3:C,Mg samples are similar regardless of pre-dose. In comparison, the TL glow curves and OSL decay curves of α-Al2O3:C are influenced by pre-dose. We conclude that the differences in the TL and OSL dose response of various pre-dosed samples of α-Al2O3:C are due to the concentration of charge in the deep traps. On the other hand, owing to the lower concentration of such deep traps in α-Al2O3:C,Mg, the TL or OSL dose responses are not affected by pre-dose in this material.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111011 , vital:33363 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.06.012
- Description: We report the effect of pre-dose on the thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dose response of α-Al2O3:C,Mg and α-Al2O3:C. Before any luminescence measurement, the samples were irradiated with different doses, namely 100, 500 and 1000 Gy to populate the deep electron traps. This is the pre-dose. The results from TL and OSL studies are compared with results from samples used without any pre-measurement dose. The TL glow curves and OSL decay curves of α-Al2O3:C,Mg recorded after pre-doses of 100, 500 and 1000 Gy are identical to those from a sample used without any pre-dose. Further, the TL and OSL dose response of all α-Al2O3:C,Mg samples are similar regardless of pre-dose. In comparison, the TL glow curves and OSL decay curves of α-Al2O3:C are influenced by pre-dose. We conclude that the differences in the TL and OSL dose response of various pre-dosed samples of α-Al2O3:C are due to the concentration of charge in the deep traps. On the other hand, owing to the lower concentration of such deep traps in α-Al2O3:C,Mg, the TL or OSL dose responses are not affected by pre-dose in this material.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Invaded habitat incompatibility affects the suitability of the potential biological control agent Listronotus sordidus for Sagittaria platyphylla in South Africa
- Martin, Grant D, Coetzee, Julie A, Lloyd, Melissa, Nombewu, Sinoxolo E, Ndlovu, Mpilonhle S, Kwong, Raelene M
- Authors: Martin, Grant D , Coetzee, Julie A , Lloyd, Melissa , Nombewu, Sinoxolo E , Ndlovu, Mpilonhle S , Kwong, Raelene M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/103926 , vital:32323 , https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2018.1460314
- Description: Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelmann) J.G. Smith (Alismataceae) was first recorded in South Africa in 2008 and is considered to be an emerging weed with naturalised populations occurring throughout the country. A biological control programme was initiated in Australia and surveys conducted between 2010 and 2012 yielded potential agents, including the crown feeding weevil, Listronotus sordidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The potential of L. sordidus as a candidate biological control agent against S. platyphylla in South Africa was examined. Although adult feeding was recorded on a number of plant species, oviposition and larval development indicated a narrow host range restricted to the Alismataceae. In South Africa, S. platyphylla populations are primarily found in inundated systems. However, laboratory studies showed that L. sordidus did not oviposit on inundated plants, potentially nullifying the impact of the insect on South African populations. It is suggested that even though L. sordidus is a damaging, specific agent, its limited impact on inundated plant populations in South Africa does not justify the inherent risk associated with the release of a biological control agent.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Martin, Grant D , Coetzee, Julie A , Lloyd, Melissa , Nombewu, Sinoxolo E , Ndlovu, Mpilonhle S , Kwong, Raelene M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/103926 , vital:32323 , https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2018.1460314
- Description: Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelmann) J.G. Smith (Alismataceae) was first recorded in South Africa in 2008 and is considered to be an emerging weed with naturalised populations occurring throughout the country. A biological control programme was initiated in Australia and surveys conducted between 2010 and 2012 yielded potential agents, including the crown feeding weevil, Listronotus sordidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The potential of L. sordidus as a candidate biological control agent against S. platyphylla in South Africa was examined. Although adult feeding was recorded on a number of plant species, oviposition and larval development indicated a narrow host range restricted to the Alismataceae. In South Africa, S. platyphylla populations are primarily found in inundated systems. However, laboratory studies showed that L. sordidus did not oviposit on inundated plants, potentially nullifying the impact of the insect on South African populations. It is suggested that even though L. sordidus is a damaging, specific agent, its limited impact on inundated plant populations in South Africa does not justify the inherent risk associated with the release of a biological control agent.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
HOP expression is regulated by p53 and RAS and characteristic of a cancer gene signature
- Mattison, Stacey A, Blatch, Gregory L, Edkins, Adrienne L
- Authors: Mattison, Stacey A , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66278 , vital:28928 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-016-0755-8
- Description: publisher version , The Hsp70/Hsp90 organising protein (HOP) is a co-chaperone essential for client protein transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90 within the Hsp90 chaperone machine. Although HOP is upregulated in various cancers, there is limited information from in vitro studies on how HOP expression is regulated in cancer. The main objective of this study was to identify the HOP promoter and investigate its activity in cancerous cells. Bioinformatic analysis of the -2500 to +16 bp region of the HOP gene identified a large CpG island and a range of putative cis-elements. Many of the cis-elements were potentially bound by transcription factors which are activated by oncogenic pathways. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the upstream region of the HOP gene contains an active promoter in vitro. Truncation of this region suggested that the core HOP promoter region was -855 to +16 bp. HOP promoter activity was highest in Hs578T, HEK293T and SV40- transformed MEF1 cell lines which expressed mutant or inactive p53. In a mutant p53 background, expression of wild-type p53 led to a reduction in promoter activity, while inhibition of wild-type p53 in HeLa cells increased HOP promoter activity. Additionally, in Hs578T and HEK293T cell lines containing inactive p53, expression of HRAS increased HOP promoter activity. However, HRAS activation of the HOP promoter was inhibited by p53 overexpression. These findings suggest for the first time that HOP expression in cancer may be regulated by both RAS activation and p53 inhibition. Taken together, these data suggest that HOP may be part of the cancer gene signature induced by a combination of mutant p53 and mutated RAS that is associated with cellular transformation.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mattison, Stacey A , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66278 , vital:28928 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-016-0755-8
- Description: publisher version , The Hsp70/Hsp90 organising protein (HOP) is a co-chaperone essential for client protein transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90 within the Hsp90 chaperone machine. Although HOP is upregulated in various cancers, there is limited information from in vitro studies on how HOP expression is regulated in cancer. The main objective of this study was to identify the HOP promoter and investigate its activity in cancerous cells. Bioinformatic analysis of the -2500 to +16 bp region of the HOP gene identified a large CpG island and a range of putative cis-elements. Many of the cis-elements were potentially bound by transcription factors which are activated by oncogenic pathways. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the upstream region of the HOP gene contains an active promoter in vitro. Truncation of this region suggested that the core HOP promoter region was -855 to +16 bp. HOP promoter activity was highest in Hs578T, HEK293T and SV40- transformed MEF1 cell lines which expressed mutant or inactive p53. In a mutant p53 background, expression of wild-type p53 led to a reduction in promoter activity, while inhibition of wild-type p53 in HeLa cells increased HOP promoter activity. Additionally, in Hs578T and HEK293T cell lines containing inactive p53, expression of HRAS increased HOP promoter activity. However, HRAS activation of the HOP promoter was inhibited by p53 overexpression. These findings suggest for the first time that HOP expression in cancer may be regulated by both RAS activation and p53 inhibition. Taken together, these data suggest that HOP may be part of the cancer gene signature induced by a combination of mutant p53 and mutated RAS that is associated with cellular transformation.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
The National Wellbeing Index in the isiXhosa translation: focus group discussions on how South Africans view the quality of their society
- Moller, Valerie, Roberts, Benjamin J, Zani, Dalindyebo
- Authors: Moller, Valerie , Roberts, Benjamin J , Zani, Dalindyebo
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67135 , vital:29035 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1481-4
- Description: publisher version , The International Wellbeing Index covers two complementary measures, the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and the National Wellbeing Index (NWI). The focus group study reported here tested the understanding of the NWI when translated into isiXhosa, a language spoken by 6 million South Africans, or 16% of the country’s population. A challenge for the NWI in measuring national well-being is the tendency for meaning to get ‘lost in translation’ in the wording of the instrument, owing to the disparities that exist between levels of living in developed and developing nations. The focussed discussions with native isiXhosa speakers conveyed the different shades of meaning associated with the six domains that make up the NWI. The isiXhosa keywords for the domains of social conditions, the natural environment, national security, and management of the country’s affairs (government) were readily understood, but discussants asked for further clarification of keywords for the domains relating to the economy and business. Conversations showed up the close link between personal and national well-being: discussants drew upon their personal and parochial life experiences along with their knowledge of current affairs to evaluate the nation’s quality of life. They described the social contract between citizens and their government to create a ‘caring society’ that promotes well-being across key domains of national life. Many of the reference standards used to evaluate national well-being were ones postulated to influence personal well-being (Michalos A.C, Social Indicators Research 16(4): 347–413 1985 ). The study also pointed to a potential problem for longitudinal studies if the bipolar satisfaction scale, formerly used to measure the International Wellbeing Index’s PWI and NWI, is changed to a unipolar one. Findings from this pilot study confirm the potential of the NWI as a tool for measuring national well-being cross-culturally.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Moller, Valerie , Roberts, Benjamin J , Zani, Dalindyebo
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67135 , vital:29035 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1481-4
- Description: publisher version , The International Wellbeing Index covers two complementary measures, the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and the National Wellbeing Index (NWI). The focus group study reported here tested the understanding of the NWI when translated into isiXhosa, a language spoken by 6 million South Africans, or 16% of the country’s population. A challenge for the NWI in measuring national well-being is the tendency for meaning to get ‘lost in translation’ in the wording of the instrument, owing to the disparities that exist between levels of living in developed and developing nations. The focussed discussions with native isiXhosa speakers conveyed the different shades of meaning associated with the six domains that make up the NWI. The isiXhosa keywords for the domains of social conditions, the natural environment, national security, and management of the country’s affairs (government) were readily understood, but discussants asked for further clarification of keywords for the domains relating to the economy and business. Conversations showed up the close link between personal and national well-being: discussants drew upon their personal and parochial life experiences along with their knowledge of current affairs to evaluate the nation’s quality of life. They described the social contract between citizens and their government to create a ‘caring society’ that promotes well-being across key domains of national life. Many of the reference standards used to evaluate national well-being were ones postulated to influence personal well-being (Michalos A.C, Social Indicators Research 16(4): 347–413 1985 ). The study also pointed to a potential problem for longitudinal studies if the bipolar satisfaction scale, formerly used to measure the International Wellbeing Index’s PWI and NWI, is changed to a unipolar one. Findings from this pilot study confirm the potential of the NWI as a tool for measuring national well-being cross-culturally.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
‘I don’t belong nowhere really’: the figure of the London migrant in Dan Jacobson’s ‘A Long Way from London’ and Jean Rhys’s ‘Let Them Call It Jazz’
- Naidu, Samantha, Thorpe, Andrea
- Authors: Naidu, Samantha , Thorpe, Andrea
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68422 , vital:29254 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10131752.2018.1461477
- Description: Publisher version , In this article we compare and contrast the figure of the migrant, central to Dan Jacobson’s short story ‘A Long Way from London’ ([1953] 1958. A Long Way from London and other stories. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson), and to Jean Rhys’s short story ‘Let Them Call It Jazz’ ([1962] 1987. The Collected Stories. New York: Norton), both of which are set in London in the early to mid-twentieth century. The main argument is that these figures, as migrants in London from South Africa and the Caribbean respectively, similarly occupy a liminal space despite stark differences in class, race and gender. In both stories this liminal space is described through evocations of London as a hostile diasporic space, lacking in hospitality, and experienced by the migrant figure as a place of confinement and incarceration. Also, both stories utilize the technique of silence or lacunae when it comes to issues of specific discrimination and abuse, such as racism or sexual exploitation. For the purposes of comparison, the character Manwera from ‘A Long Way from London’ and, Selina, the protagonist of ‘Let Them Call It Jazz’, are selected for analysis. Particularly, their respective responses (Manwera’s pride and dignity, and Selina’s recovery after a breakdown, and her musical talent) to the exigencies of migration are suggestive of ‘adaptive strength’ (Steve Vertovec and Robin Cohen [1999] 2001. Migration, Diasporas and Transnationalism. Cheltenham and Northampton MA: Elgar Reference Collection, xviii), a common feature in transnational literature which attempts to celebrate liminality and multiplicity as key characteristics of a transnational subjectivity. In addition, the protagonist of ‘A Long Way from London’, Arthur, offers a contrast to Manwera and Selina, not only because of race and class, but because he is depicted as having adapted to and assimilated into British culture, while being strangely detached from and ambivalent about both homeland and diasporic home. Varying forms of adaptive strength are portrayed in both stories, but they close with intimations of bleak futures for the migrant figures. The essay thus concludes with the observation that in these two stories, the figure of the London migrant is rendered as facing further grave challenges, and that all three figures ‘belong nowhere’ (Rhys [1962] 1987 Rhys, Jean. [1962] 1987. The Collected Stories. New York: Norton. [Google Scholar] , 175).
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Naidu, Samantha , Thorpe, Andrea
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68422 , vital:29254 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10131752.2018.1461477
- Description: Publisher version , In this article we compare and contrast the figure of the migrant, central to Dan Jacobson’s short story ‘A Long Way from London’ ([1953] 1958. A Long Way from London and other stories. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson), and to Jean Rhys’s short story ‘Let Them Call It Jazz’ ([1962] 1987. The Collected Stories. New York: Norton), both of which are set in London in the early to mid-twentieth century. The main argument is that these figures, as migrants in London from South Africa and the Caribbean respectively, similarly occupy a liminal space despite stark differences in class, race and gender. In both stories this liminal space is described through evocations of London as a hostile diasporic space, lacking in hospitality, and experienced by the migrant figure as a place of confinement and incarceration. Also, both stories utilize the technique of silence or lacunae when it comes to issues of specific discrimination and abuse, such as racism or sexual exploitation. For the purposes of comparison, the character Manwera from ‘A Long Way from London’ and, Selina, the protagonist of ‘Let Them Call It Jazz’, are selected for analysis. Particularly, their respective responses (Manwera’s pride and dignity, and Selina’s recovery after a breakdown, and her musical talent) to the exigencies of migration are suggestive of ‘adaptive strength’ (Steve Vertovec and Robin Cohen [1999] 2001. Migration, Diasporas and Transnationalism. Cheltenham and Northampton MA: Elgar Reference Collection, xviii), a common feature in transnational literature which attempts to celebrate liminality and multiplicity as key characteristics of a transnational subjectivity. In addition, the protagonist of ‘A Long Way from London’, Arthur, offers a contrast to Manwera and Selina, not only because of race and class, but because he is depicted as having adapted to and assimilated into British culture, while being strangely detached from and ambivalent about both homeland and diasporic home. Varying forms of adaptive strength are portrayed in both stories, but they close with intimations of bleak futures for the migrant figures. The essay thus concludes with the observation that in these two stories, the figure of the London migrant is rendered as facing further grave challenges, and that all three figures ‘belong nowhere’ (Rhys [1962] 1987 Rhys, Jean. [1962] 1987. The Collected Stories. New York: Norton. [Google Scholar] , 175).
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018