Rural Tourism and Inclusive Development in Port St. Johns - South Africa
- Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu, Ndolose, Ludwe, Solomon, Khunou Pula
- Authors: Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu , Ndolose, Ludwe , Solomon, Khunou Pula
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Rural tourism Community Inclusive development; Sustainable development Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7023 , vital:52758 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.197"
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore ways of achieving an inclusive approach to tourism development in rural communities. Although tourism has generally been recommended as a means of orchestrating development in rural communities, achieving this laudable goal has often been illusive due to the fragmented approach adopted by tourism stakeholders. An exploratory quantitative research approach was adopted by using a structured survey instrument to generate 307 valid responses from community members in Port St. John in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa. Results obtained reveal similarities and some differences based on demographic characteristics with regards to the benefits of rural tourism to the community. Importantly, the study illuminates the fragmented way in which residents perceive tourism benefits, both from a gender perspective and personal benefit versus community dichotomy. The paper discusses policy as well as practical local economic development implications. Keywords: Rural tourism; community; Port St. Johns; inclusive development; sustainable development
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu , Ndolose, Ludwe , Solomon, Khunou Pula
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Rural tourism Community Inclusive development; Sustainable development Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7023 , vital:52758 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.197"
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore ways of achieving an inclusive approach to tourism development in rural communities. Although tourism has generally been recommended as a means of orchestrating development in rural communities, achieving this laudable goal has often been illusive due to the fragmented approach adopted by tourism stakeholders. An exploratory quantitative research approach was adopted by using a structured survey instrument to generate 307 valid responses from community members in Port St. John in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa. Results obtained reveal similarities and some differences based on demographic characteristics with regards to the benefits of rural tourism to the community. Importantly, the study illuminates the fragmented way in which residents perceive tourism benefits, both from a gender perspective and personal benefit versus community dichotomy. The paper discusses policy as well as practical local economic development implications. Keywords: Rural tourism; community; Port St. Johns; inclusive development; sustainable development
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
An Analysis of Employee Motivation in a Multinational Context in Sub Saharan Africa
- Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu, Masaraure, Robson
- Authors: Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu , Masaraure, Robson
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Employee motivation Sub-Saharan Africa Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7021 , vital:52757 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-119"
- Description: This study assesses motivational preferences of employees in a multinational context in Sub Saharan Africa. Using the Grundfos group operating sites in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa as a case study, the study explores quantitative data on possible differences in employee motivational factors based on selected variables such as location, length of service and managerial status. Questionnaires were employed in collecting data from 131 participants from the three locations of Grundfos Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Results of the study reveal that the factor “equal treatment of employees” is considered most important among the respondents. It is also noted that there were no significant statistical differences among the participants based on the examined variables. Policy and practical implications of the findings of this study are discussed, particularly around the development and implementation of Human resources policies that address employee perceptions of equity. This study makes a contribution to existing literature on employee motivation in multinational settings. Keywords: Employee motivation, motivational factors, multinational context, Sub-Saharan Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu , Masaraure, Robson
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Employee motivation Sub-Saharan Africa Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7021 , vital:52757 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-119"
- Description: This study assesses motivational preferences of employees in a multinational context in Sub Saharan Africa. Using the Grundfos group operating sites in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa as a case study, the study explores quantitative data on possible differences in employee motivational factors based on selected variables such as location, length of service and managerial status. Questionnaires were employed in collecting data from 131 participants from the three locations of Grundfos Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Results of the study reveal that the factor “equal treatment of employees” is considered most important among the respondents. It is also noted that there were no significant statistical differences among the participants based on the examined variables. Policy and practical implications of the findings of this study are discussed, particularly around the development and implementation of Human resources policies that address employee perceptions of equity. This study makes a contribution to existing literature on employee motivation in multinational settings. Keywords: Employee motivation, motivational factors, multinational context, Sub-Saharan Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Antiviral drug discovery: preparing for the next pandemic
- Adamson, Catherine S, Chibale, Kelly, Goss, Rebecca J M, Jaspars, Marcel, Newman, David J, Dorrington, Rosemary A
- Authors: Adamson, Catherine S , Chibale, Kelly , Goss, Rebecca J M , Jaspars, Marcel , Newman, David J , Dorrington, Rosemary A
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177499 , vital:42827 , DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01118e
- Description: Clinically approved antiviral drugs are currently available for only 10 of the more than 220 viruses known to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has exposed the critical need for compounds that can be rapidly mobilised for the treatment of re-emerging or emerging viral diseases, while vaccine development is underway. We review the current status of antiviral therapies focusing on RNA viruses, highlighting strategies for antiviral drug discovery and discuss the challenges, solutions and options to accelerate drug discovery efforts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Adamson, Catherine S , Chibale, Kelly , Goss, Rebecca J M , Jaspars, Marcel , Newman, David J , Dorrington, Rosemary A
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177499 , vital:42827 , DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01118e
- Description: Clinically approved antiviral drugs are currently available for only 10 of the more than 220 viruses known to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has exposed the critical need for compounds that can be rapidly mobilised for the treatment of re-emerging or emerging viral diseases, while vaccine development is underway. We review the current status of antiviral therapies focusing on RNA viruses, highlighting strategies for antiviral drug discovery and discuss the challenges, solutions and options to accelerate drug discovery efforts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Skills for communicating severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 result to patients and/or relatives
- Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Kayembe, Dominique K
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Kayembe, Dominique K
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: COVID-19 Structured model Medical consultation Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7236 , vital:53095 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5221"
- Description: Clinicians notify positive results of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 polymerase chain reaction to patients and/or relatives, whilst short message service (SMS) has been adopted as a means of disseminating negative results. Therefore, clinicians should be adequately equipped to provide telephonic consultation whilst delivering a positive test result to patients. The news of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test result often invokes fear of impending death in patients, especially the elderlies and those with comorbidities. In addition, several survivors have reported persistent symptoms and COVID-19-related stigma, which precludes them from immediate re-integration into their workplaces. Consequently, COVID-19 results are perceived as bad news by the members of the public. This article justifies why COVID-19 test results are bad news and also discusses the notification steps to follow when delivering COVID-19 results, whilst also addressing patients’ immediate concerns. The article concludes by highlighting an important safety net for COVID-19 patients and the attending clinician.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Kayembe, Dominique K
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: COVID-19 Structured model Medical consultation Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7236 , vital:53095 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5221"
- Description: Clinicians notify positive results of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 polymerase chain reaction to patients and/or relatives, whilst short message service (SMS) has been adopted as a means of disseminating negative results. Therefore, clinicians should be adequately equipped to provide telephonic consultation whilst delivering a positive test result to patients. The news of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test result often invokes fear of impending death in patients, especially the elderlies and those with comorbidities. In addition, several survivors have reported persistent symptoms and COVID-19-related stigma, which precludes them from immediate re-integration into their workplaces. Consequently, COVID-19 results are perceived as bad news by the members of the public. This article justifies why COVID-19 test results are bad news and also discusses the notification steps to follow when delivering COVID-19 results, whilst also addressing patients’ immediate concerns. The article concludes by highlighting an important safety net for COVID-19 patients and the attending clinician.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Management approach of patients with violent and aggressive behaviour in a district hospital setting in South Africa
- Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Puzi, Ntandazo
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Puzi, Ntandazo
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: mental health Emergency medical services violennce Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7284 , vital:53108 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5393"
- Description: Background: Given the physical and mental health consequences of tobacco use amongst individuals with mental illness, it was imperative to assess the burden of tobacco use in this population. Aim: This study examined the patterns and factors associated with tobacco use in individuals attending the outpatient unit. Setting: Cecilia Makiwane Hospital Mental Health Department in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Methods: Lifetime (ever use) use and current use of any tobacco products were examined in a cross-sectional study of 390 individuals between March and June 2020. A logistic regression was fitted to determine the correlates of lifetime and current use of any tobacco products. Results: The rates of ever use and current use of tobacco products were 59.4% and 44.6%, respectively. Of the participants interviewed, lifetime tobacco use was more prevalent amongst individuals with schizophrenia (67.9%) and cannabis-induced disorders (97.3%) and lower in those with major depressive disorders (36.1%) and bipolar and related disorders (43.5%). Men were six times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products in comparison to women. Also, those who had a salaried job or owned a business were over three times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products compared with those receiving government social grants. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use in this study was significantly higher than the general population in the Eastern Cape. Therefore, smoking prevention and cessation interventions targeted at the general population should target this often neglected sub-population in the region. Keywords: aggressive and violent behaviour; assisted user; emergency centres; involuntary user; Mental Health Care Act.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Puzi, Ntandazo
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: mental health Emergency medical services violennce Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7284 , vital:53108 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5393"
- Description: Background: Given the physical and mental health consequences of tobacco use amongst individuals with mental illness, it was imperative to assess the burden of tobacco use in this population. Aim: This study examined the patterns and factors associated with tobacco use in individuals attending the outpatient unit. Setting: Cecilia Makiwane Hospital Mental Health Department in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Methods: Lifetime (ever use) use and current use of any tobacco products were examined in a cross-sectional study of 390 individuals between March and June 2020. A logistic regression was fitted to determine the correlates of lifetime and current use of any tobacco products. Results: The rates of ever use and current use of tobacco products were 59.4% and 44.6%, respectively. Of the participants interviewed, lifetime tobacco use was more prevalent amongst individuals with schizophrenia (67.9%) and cannabis-induced disorders (97.3%) and lower in those with major depressive disorders (36.1%) and bipolar and related disorders (43.5%). Men were six times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products in comparison to women. Also, those who had a salaried job or owned a business were over three times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products compared with those receiving government social grants. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use in this study was significantly higher than the general population in the Eastern Cape. Therefore, smoking prevention and cessation interventions targeted at the general population should target this often neglected sub-population in the region. Keywords: aggressive and violent behaviour; assisted user; emergency centres; involuntary user; Mental Health Care Act.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Nanohybrid electrocatalyst based on cobalt phthalocyanine-carbon nanotube-reduced graphene oxide for ultrasensitive detection of glucose in human saliva
- Adeniyi, Omotayo, Nwahara, Nnamdi, Mwanza, Daniel, Nyokong, Tebello, Mashazi, Philani N
- Authors: Adeniyi, Omotayo , Nwahara, Nnamdi , Mwanza, Daniel , Nyokong, Tebello , Mashazi, Philani N
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/231356 , vital:49880 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.130723"
- Description: The current diabetes management systems require collecting blood samples via an invasive and painful finger pricking leading to the formation of callus, scarring and loss of sensibility to patients due to continuous monitoring. Therefore, a non-invasive and painless method of determining glucose levels would be desirable to diabetes patients who need constant monitoring. Saliva glucose measurement is a non-invasive alternative for diabetes management. A highly sensitive, stable, and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor that can accurately quantify saliva glucose is required. A single-walled carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide/cobalt phthalocyanines nanohybrid modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc) has been fabricated for the non-enzymatic determination of glucose in human saliva. The SWCNT/rGO/CoPc was characterized using various spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques. The synergistic effect between SWCNT, rGO, and CoPc facilitated excellent electron transfer process that improved the sensor sensitivity. The GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc sensor exhibited two linear responses in the 0.30 μM to 0.50 mM and 0.50–5.0 mM glucose concentration ranges, and the detection limit was 0.12 μM. The sensor had an excellent saliva glucose detection sensitivity of 992.4 μA·mM−1·cm−2 and high specificity for glucose in the presence of other coexisting analytes. In addition, it showed good storage stability, reusability, and a fast response time of about 1.2 s. The GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc nanohybrid electrode showed excellent potential for developing accurate, non-invasive, and painless glucose sensing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Adeniyi, Omotayo , Nwahara, Nnamdi , Mwanza, Daniel , Nyokong, Tebello , Mashazi, Philani N
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/231356 , vital:49880 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.130723"
- Description: The current diabetes management systems require collecting blood samples via an invasive and painful finger pricking leading to the formation of callus, scarring and loss of sensibility to patients due to continuous monitoring. Therefore, a non-invasive and painless method of determining glucose levels would be desirable to diabetes patients who need constant monitoring. Saliva glucose measurement is a non-invasive alternative for diabetes management. A highly sensitive, stable, and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor that can accurately quantify saliva glucose is required. A single-walled carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide/cobalt phthalocyanines nanohybrid modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc) has been fabricated for the non-enzymatic determination of glucose in human saliva. The SWCNT/rGO/CoPc was characterized using various spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques. The synergistic effect between SWCNT, rGO, and CoPc facilitated excellent electron transfer process that improved the sensor sensitivity. The GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc sensor exhibited two linear responses in the 0.30 μM to 0.50 mM and 0.50–5.0 mM glucose concentration ranges, and the detection limit was 0.12 μM. The sensor had an excellent saliva glucose detection sensitivity of 992.4 μA·mM−1·cm−2 and high specificity for glucose in the presence of other coexisting analytes. In addition, it showed good storage stability, reusability, and a fast response time of about 1.2 s. The GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc nanohybrid electrode showed excellent potential for developing accurate, non-invasive, and painless glucose sensing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Partial Purification and Characterization of Endoxylanase from a fungus, Leohumicola incrustata
- Adeoyo, Olusegun R, Pletschke, Brett I, Dames, Joanna F
- Authors: Adeoyo, Olusegun R , Pletschke, Brett I , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440393 , vital:73779 , 10.4314/br.v19i1.2
- Description: Xylanases are glycoside hydrolases (GH) that degrade β-1, 4-xylan, a linear polysaccharide found as hemicellulose in cell wall of plants. Endoxylanase (Endo-1, 4-β-xylanase, EC 3.2. 1.8) randomly catalyses xylan to produce varying short xylooligosaccharides (XOS). This study aimed to determine the characteristics of a partially purified endoxylanase from Leohumicola incrustata. Enzyme production was carried out using beechwood (BW) xylan, after which the cell-free crude filtrate was concentrated using the ammonium sulphate precipitation method. The hydrolysed products were analysed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and zymography. The result showed that the enzyme produced varying smaller-sized linear xylooligosaccharides with R f values corresponding to those of xylobiose, xylotriose, xylotetraose, xylopentaose, xylohexaose and other higher oligomers. The endoxylanase had a molecular mass of 72 kDa. The enzyme is stable in the presence of K+, Na+, Ca 2+, Fe 2+, Mg 2+, Zn 2+, Co 2+, pH of 5.0 and temperature of 37 o C. However, the activity gradually decreased after 60 min at 50 o C and retained over 69% activity after 120 min, while at 60 and 70 o C, the enzyme activity sharply decreased (pre-incubation periods). Endoxylanase from L. incrustata is comparable to those of other microorganisms and should be considered an attractive candidate for future industrial applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Adeoyo, Olusegun R , Pletschke, Brett I , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440393 , vital:73779 , 10.4314/br.v19i1.2
- Description: Xylanases are glycoside hydrolases (GH) that degrade β-1, 4-xylan, a linear polysaccharide found as hemicellulose in cell wall of plants. Endoxylanase (Endo-1, 4-β-xylanase, EC 3.2. 1.8) randomly catalyses xylan to produce varying short xylooligosaccharides (XOS). This study aimed to determine the characteristics of a partially purified endoxylanase from Leohumicola incrustata. Enzyme production was carried out using beechwood (BW) xylan, after which the cell-free crude filtrate was concentrated using the ammonium sulphate precipitation method. The hydrolysed products were analysed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and zymography. The result showed that the enzyme produced varying smaller-sized linear xylooligosaccharides with R f values corresponding to those of xylobiose, xylotriose, xylotetraose, xylopentaose, xylohexaose and other higher oligomers. The endoxylanase had a molecular mass of 72 kDa. The enzyme is stable in the presence of K+, Na+, Ca 2+, Fe 2+, Mg 2+, Zn 2+, Co 2+, pH of 5.0 and temperature of 37 o C. However, the activity gradually decreased after 60 min at 50 o C and retained over 69% activity after 120 min, while at 60 and 70 o C, the enzyme activity sharply decreased (pre-incubation periods). Endoxylanase from L. incrustata is comparable to those of other microorganisms and should be considered an attractive candidate for future industrial applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation amongst college students in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, South Africa
- Adeyinka A. Alabi, ROlawumi K. Oladimeji, Oladele V. Adeniyi
- Authors: Adeyinka A. Alabi , ROlawumi K. Oladimeji , Oladele V. Adeniyi
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3337 , vital:43315 , https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5195
- Description: Background: Suicidal behaviour amongst college students constitutes a significant social and public health problem globally. This study determined the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation amongst students of higher education in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM), South Africa. Methods: In this institution-based cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster sampling of 826 participants, drawn from a college in NMBM, was conducted from January to March 2020. Data were collected with a standardised self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with suicidal ideation. Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 24 years, with a mean age of 20.49 years (standard deviation, 1.88 years). The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and plans in the preceding 12 months were 24.5% and 9.6%, respectively. The odds of suicidal ideation were higher in students who experienced bullying (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2.65), mental illness (AOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.35–2.65), a history of sexual assault (AOR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20–5.21) and experience of sexual assault by or to a close family member (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.01–2.82). Underlying chronic illness was associated with a twofold risk for suicidal ideation in both sexes. Conclusion: About a quarter of the students sampled at the college had experienced suicidal ideation and some had had suicidal plans in the preceding 12 months. Screening for the identified risk factors amongst the student population coupled with prompt interventions would mitigate the risk of suicide in the study population. Keywords: suicidal behaviour; suicidal plans; higher education; students; South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Adeyinka A. Alabi , ROlawumi K. Oladimeji , Oladele V. Adeniyi
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3337 , vital:43315 , https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5195
- Description: Background: Suicidal behaviour amongst college students constitutes a significant social and public health problem globally. This study determined the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation amongst students of higher education in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM), South Africa. Methods: In this institution-based cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster sampling of 826 participants, drawn from a college in NMBM, was conducted from January to March 2020. Data were collected with a standardised self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with suicidal ideation. Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 24 years, with a mean age of 20.49 years (standard deviation, 1.88 years). The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and plans in the preceding 12 months were 24.5% and 9.6%, respectively. The odds of suicidal ideation were higher in students who experienced bullying (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2.65), mental illness (AOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.35–2.65), a history of sexual assault (AOR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20–5.21) and experience of sexual assault by or to a close family member (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.01–2.82). Underlying chronic illness was associated with a twofold risk for suicidal ideation in both sexes. Conclusion: About a quarter of the students sampled at the college had experienced suicidal ideation and some had had suicidal plans in the preceding 12 months. Screening for the identified risk factors amongst the student population coupled with prompt interventions would mitigate the risk of suicide in the study population. Keywords: suicidal behaviour; suicidal plans; higher education; students; South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Photodynamic therapy activities of phthalocyanine-based macromolecular photosensitizers on MCF-7 breast cancer cells
- Ahmetali, Erem, Sen, Pinar, Süer, N Ceren, Nyokong, Tebello, Erin, Tarik, Sener, M Kasim
- Authors: Ahmetali, Erem , Sen, Pinar , Süer, N Ceren , Nyokong, Tebello , Erin, Tarik , Sener, M Kasim
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185655 , vital:44407 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2021.1934012"
- Description: Poly(oxanorbornene)s with zinc(II) phthalocyanine side chains have been synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The incorporation of zinc(II) phthalocyanine into cationic polymer has given poly(oxanorbornene)s noteworthy photophysicochemical properties and the capacity to generate singlet oxygen under light irradiation. To investigate photosensitizer’s properties of the newly synthesized polymers P6 and P7: fluorescence (ΦF), singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) and triplet (ΦT) quantum yields of polymers have been measured in dimethyl sulfoxide and aqueous medium. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of P6 and P7 have been found to be 0.22 and 0.20 in dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively. Then, photodynamic therapy activities of polymers (P1-P7) against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7 cells) have been investigated. The copolymer P5 bearing pendant zinc(II) phthalocyanine and triethyl phosphonium functionalities has showed enhanced PDT activity with less than 10% viable cells at 60 μg/mL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Ahmetali, Erem , Sen, Pinar , Süer, N Ceren , Nyokong, Tebello , Erin, Tarik , Sener, M Kasim
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185655 , vital:44407 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2021.1934012"
- Description: Poly(oxanorbornene)s with zinc(II) phthalocyanine side chains have been synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The incorporation of zinc(II) phthalocyanine into cationic polymer has given poly(oxanorbornene)s noteworthy photophysicochemical properties and the capacity to generate singlet oxygen under light irradiation. To investigate photosensitizer’s properties of the newly synthesized polymers P6 and P7: fluorescence (ΦF), singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) and triplet (ΦT) quantum yields of polymers have been measured in dimethyl sulfoxide and aqueous medium. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of P6 and P7 have been found to be 0.22 and 0.20 in dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively. Then, photodynamic therapy activities of polymers (P1-P7) against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7 cells) have been investigated. The copolymer P5 bearing pendant zinc(II) phthalocyanine and triethyl phosphonium functionalities has showed enhanced PDT activity with less than 10% viable cells at 60 μg/mL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Elucidating Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) invasion and enhancing its management in Eastern Africa : spread, socio-ecological impacts, and potential of a newly imported larval parasitoid for classical biological control Eastern in Africa
- Aigbedion-Atalor, Pascal Osabhahiemen
- Authors: Aigbedion-Atalor, Pascal Osabhahiemen
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Tuta absoluta -- Biological control , Tomatoes -- Diseases and pests -- Africa, East , Braconidae , Gelechiidae -- Biological control -- Africa, East , Insects as biological pest control agents -- Africa, East
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170421 , vital:41920 , 10.21504/10962/170421
- Description: Agriculture is a fundamental source of sustainable livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa and millions of people in the region rely solely on small-scale farming for their food security. However, the impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on crop production are serious, and there is no sign of this abating. Among the recent IAS that have invaded Africa in the last decade, the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has been one of the most damaging. Following its first record in the Maghreb region of Africa in 2008, T. absoluta rapidly spread throughout Africa with substantial impacts on tomato production, often causing 100% yield loss. Management options adopted against T. absoluta by tomato growers in Africa have been based on the use of synthetic insecticides. While chemical insecticide applications are an important component of an integrated pest management programme, misuse and over-reliance often exacerbates the impacts of T. absolutadue to the development of resistance to commonly used active substances, increasing the fitness of the pest. This thesis sought to understand the socio-economic impacts of the spread of T. absoluta in Eastern Africa and provide effective sustainable pest management strategies to reduce its impacts below economic thresholds. Mapping surveys of Tabsoluta were conducted in 226 tomato agro-ecosystems across four eastern countries (Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda) Eastern Africa from 2016 to 2018 to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of the pest. The impacts of T. absoluta on the livelihoods of tomato growers were also assessed. Here, 200 tomato growers in Kenya were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Although T. absoluta, a recent invader, was distributed at high infestation levels throughout the subregion (all four countries) and was considered as the most damaging invasive alien species of agriculturally sustainable livelihoods. The arrival of T. absoluta in the subregion has resulted in livelihood losses and increased the cost of tomato production and price of the fruit, and the frequency of pesticide applications. The impact of this pest and the and the absence of effective indigenous natural enemies of the pest in Eastern Africa, was the rationale for the importation of a larval parasitoid, Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris Marsh Syn.: Apanteles gelechiidivoris Marsh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), of T. absoluta from Peru into the quarantine facility of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and ecologyz(icipe), in Kenya. Pre-release assessments on the parasitzation potential of D. gelechiidivoris, encompassing host larval preference and the host suitability, and its reproductive strategy, for classical biological control of T. absoluta in Africa were conducted. Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris females preferentially oviposited in early (1st and 2nd) larval instars of T. absoluta but parasitized and completed development in all four instars of the host. Host instar did not affect D. gelechiidivoris sex-ratio but females reared on the first instar had significantly fewer eggs than when reared in late larval instars (3rd and 4th). Females of the parasitoid emerged with a high mature egg load which peaked 2 d post-eclosion. The females of D. gelechiidivoris survived 8.51±0.65 d and produced 103±8 offspring per female at 26±4°C (range: 24 to 29°C) and 50–70% relative humidity (RH) in the presence of males and fed honey-water (80% honey). Increasing maternal age decreased the proportion of female offspring. Under the aforementioned laboratory conditions, the Gross and Net reproductive rates were 72 and 39.5 respectively, while the mean generation time was 20 d. The estimated intrinsic rate of natural increase was 0.18. These findings indicate that D. gelechiidivorisis a potential biological control agent of T. absoluta and should be considered for augmentative/inundative release in Kenya and across Africa following host specificity testing and risk assessments. The nature of the interaction between D. gelechidivoris and the predatory mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), an important and widespread natural enemy of T. absoluta in Africa was evaluated because N. tenuis, although being a voracious predator of T. absoluta eggs, it can also prey on the early host larval instars (1st and 2nd) which are the preferred oviposition host stages of D. gelechiidivoris. Here, the impact of N. tenuis feeding on T. absoluta and the effects on D. gelechiidivoris performance was tested. Regardless of the order of introductions (i.e. the sequence of combination with D. gelechiidivoris) and densities (i.e. number of N. tenuis combined with D. gelechiidivoris), there was no intraguild predation by N. tenuis on D. gelechiidivorisas there was little host larval feeding behaviour. Also, the presence of N. tenuis did not affect the oviposition performance of D. gelechiidivoris. Further investigations revealed that the combined efficacy of N. tenuis and D. gelechiidivorison T. absoluta population was significantly higher than either natural enemy alone, thus contributes to the data supporting the release of D. gelechiidivoris in Africa. In concluding, integrating D. gelechiidivoris and N. tenuis in the management of T. absolut could potentially reduce yield losses in tomato in Eastern Africa where the socio-economic impacts of the pest are very serious.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Aigbedion-Atalor, Pascal Osabhahiemen
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Tuta absoluta -- Biological control , Tomatoes -- Diseases and pests -- Africa, East , Braconidae , Gelechiidae -- Biological control -- Africa, East , Insects as biological pest control agents -- Africa, East
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170421 , vital:41920 , 10.21504/10962/170421
- Description: Agriculture is a fundamental source of sustainable livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa and millions of people in the region rely solely on small-scale farming for their food security. However, the impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on crop production are serious, and there is no sign of this abating. Among the recent IAS that have invaded Africa in the last decade, the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has been one of the most damaging. Following its first record in the Maghreb region of Africa in 2008, T. absoluta rapidly spread throughout Africa with substantial impacts on tomato production, often causing 100% yield loss. Management options adopted against T. absoluta by tomato growers in Africa have been based on the use of synthetic insecticides. While chemical insecticide applications are an important component of an integrated pest management programme, misuse and over-reliance often exacerbates the impacts of T. absolutadue to the development of resistance to commonly used active substances, increasing the fitness of the pest. This thesis sought to understand the socio-economic impacts of the spread of T. absoluta in Eastern Africa and provide effective sustainable pest management strategies to reduce its impacts below economic thresholds. Mapping surveys of Tabsoluta were conducted in 226 tomato agro-ecosystems across four eastern countries (Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda) Eastern Africa from 2016 to 2018 to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of the pest. The impacts of T. absoluta on the livelihoods of tomato growers were also assessed. Here, 200 tomato growers in Kenya were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Although T. absoluta, a recent invader, was distributed at high infestation levels throughout the subregion (all four countries) and was considered as the most damaging invasive alien species of agriculturally sustainable livelihoods. The arrival of T. absoluta in the subregion has resulted in livelihood losses and increased the cost of tomato production and price of the fruit, and the frequency of pesticide applications. The impact of this pest and the and the absence of effective indigenous natural enemies of the pest in Eastern Africa, was the rationale for the importation of a larval parasitoid, Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris Marsh Syn.: Apanteles gelechiidivoris Marsh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), of T. absoluta from Peru into the quarantine facility of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and ecologyz(icipe), in Kenya. Pre-release assessments on the parasitzation potential of D. gelechiidivoris, encompassing host larval preference and the host suitability, and its reproductive strategy, for classical biological control of T. absoluta in Africa were conducted. Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris females preferentially oviposited in early (1st and 2nd) larval instars of T. absoluta but parasitized and completed development in all four instars of the host. Host instar did not affect D. gelechiidivoris sex-ratio but females reared on the first instar had significantly fewer eggs than when reared in late larval instars (3rd and 4th). Females of the parasitoid emerged with a high mature egg load which peaked 2 d post-eclosion. The females of D. gelechiidivoris survived 8.51±0.65 d and produced 103±8 offspring per female at 26±4°C (range: 24 to 29°C) and 50–70% relative humidity (RH) in the presence of males and fed honey-water (80% honey). Increasing maternal age decreased the proportion of female offspring. Under the aforementioned laboratory conditions, the Gross and Net reproductive rates were 72 and 39.5 respectively, while the mean generation time was 20 d. The estimated intrinsic rate of natural increase was 0.18. These findings indicate that D. gelechiidivorisis a potential biological control agent of T. absoluta and should be considered for augmentative/inundative release in Kenya and across Africa following host specificity testing and risk assessments. The nature of the interaction between D. gelechidivoris and the predatory mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), an important and widespread natural enemy of T. absoluta in Africa was evaluated because N. tenuis, although being a voracious predator of T. absoluta eggs, it can also prey on the early host larval instars (1st and 2nd) which are the preferred oviposition host stages of D. gelechiidivoris. Here, the impact of N. tenuis feeding on T. absoluta and the effects on D. gelechiidivoris performance was tested. Regardless of the order of introductions (i.e. the sequence of combination with D. gelechiidivoris) and densities (i.e. number of N. tenuis combined with D. gelechiidivoris), there was no intraguild predation by N. tenuis on D. gelechiidivorisas there was little host larval feeding behaviour. Also, the presence of N. tenuis did not affect the oviposition performance of D. gelechiidivoris. Further investigations revealed that the combined efficacy of N. tenuis and D. gelechiidivorison T. absoluta population was significantly higher than either natural enemy alone, thus contributes to the data supporting the release of D. gelechiidivoris in Africa. In concluding, integrating D. gelechiidivoris and N. tenuis in the management of T. absolut could potentially reduce yield losses in tomato in Eastern Africa where the socio-economic impacts of the pest are very serious.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation amongst college students in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, South Africa
- Alabi, Adeyinka A, Oladimeji, Olawumi K, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Authors: Alabi, Adeyinka A , Oladimeji, Olawumi K , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Suicidal behaviour Education (Higher) Students Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7235 , vital:53093 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5195"
- Description: Background: Suicidal behaviour amongst college students constitutes a significant social and public health problem globally. This study determined the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation amongst students of higher education in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM), South Africa. Methods: In this institution-based cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster sampling of 826 participants, drawn from a college in NMBM, was conducted from January to March 2020. Data were collected with a standardised self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with suicidal ideation. Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 24 years, with a mean age of 20.49 years (standard deviation, 1.88 years). The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and plans in the preceding 12 months were 24.5% and 9.6%, respectively. The odds of suicidal ideation were higher in students who experienced bullying (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2.65), mental illness (AOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.35–2.65), a history of sexual assault (AOR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20–5.21) and experience of sexual assault by or to a close family member (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.01–2.82). Underlying chronic illness was associated with a twofold risk for suicidal ideation in both sexes. Conclusion: About a quarter of the students sampled at the college had experienced suicidal ideation and some had had suicidal plans in the preceding 12 months. Screening for the identified risk factors amongst the student population coupled with prompt interventions would mitigate the risk of suicide in the study population. Keywords: suicidal behaviour; suicidal plans; higher education; students; South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Alabi, Adeyinka A , Oladimeji, Olawumi K , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Suicidal behaviour Education (Higher) Students Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7235 , vital:53093 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5195"
- Description: Background: Suicidal behaviour amongst college students constitutes a significant social and public health problem globally. This study determined the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation amongst students of higher education in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM), South Africa. Methods: In this institution-based cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster sampling of 826 participants, drawn from a college in NMBM, was conducted from January to March 2020. Data were collected with a standardised self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with suicidal ideation. Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 24 years, with a mean age of 20.49 years (standard deviation, 1.88 years). The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and plans in the preceding 12 months were 24.5% and 9.6%, respectively. The odds of suicidal ideation were higher in students who experienced bullying (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2.65), mental illness (AOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.35–2.65), a history of sexual assault (AOR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20–5.21) and experience of sexual assault by or to a close family member (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.01–2.82). Underlying chronic illness was associated with a twofold risk for suicidal ideation in both sexes. Conclusion: About a quarter of the students sampled at the college had experienced suicidal ideation and some had had suicidal plans in the preceding 12 months. Screening for the identified risk factors amongst the student population coupled with prompt interventions would mitigate the risk of suicide in the study population. Keywords: suicidal behaviour; suicidal plans; higher education; students; South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
The potential influence of commercial plant nurseries in shaping the urban forest in South Africa
- Arnoldi, Marco, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Arnoldi, Marco , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/398408 , vital:69409 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127254"
- Description: A substantial portion of urban green infrastructure is under private tenure in residents’ and business/corporate gardens. Therefore, the ways that urban residents manage their gardens can influence the type, quantity and quality of ecosystem services and disservices in urban areas. Plant nurseries are a major source of trees for urban residents, and so the types of trees and species that nurseries stock influence the composition of private gardens. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the roles that plant nurseries play in shaping the urban forest in South Africa. To do so, an online and direct questionnaire was used to gather data from 30 nurseries across 19 urban centres in South Africa. The main questions included species selection criteria, customer tree inquiries, best-selling tree species, attitudes towards increasing urban tree cover and diversity and whether they think climate change will affect the selection of species to stock. The results show that there is a strong preference for indigenous trees, which were also most commonly listed as best-sellers. Non-native species that were commonly sold were ones that provided provisioning services, particularly edible fruits. Drought tolerance influenced selection criteria and customer demand. Vachellia spp. and Olea europaea were commonly inquired about and most commonly listed amongst the best-sellers. Nursery owners valued the importance of increasing tree cover and diversity in urban areas, listing many perceived benefits for doing so. We conclude that there is a clear preference for indigenous tree species by customers and nursery owners, which in time could increase the proportion and cover of native species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Arnoldi, Marco , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/398408 , vital:69409 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127254"
- Description: A substantial portion of urban green infrastructure is under private tenure in residents’ and business/corporate gardens. Therefore, the ways that urban residents manage their gardens can influence the type, quantity and quality of ecosystem services and disservices in urban areas. Plant nurseries are a major source of trees for urban residents, and so the types of trees and species that nurseries stock influence the composition of private gardens. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the roles that plant nurseries play in shaping the urban forest in South Africa. To do so, an online and direct questionnaire was used to gather data from 30 nurseries across 19 urban centres in South Africa. The main questions included species selection criteria, customer tree inquiries, best-selling tree species, attitudes towards increasing urban tree cover and diversity and whether they think climate change will affect the selection of species to stock. The results show that there is a strong preference for indigenous trees, which were also most commonly listed as best-sellers. Non-native species that were commonly sold were ones that provided provisioning services, particularly edible fruits. Drought tolerance influenced selection criteria and customer demand. Vachellia spp. and Olea europaea were commonly inquired about and most commonly listed amongst the best-sellers. Nursery owners valued the importance of increasing tree cover and diversity in urban areas, listing many perceived benefits for doing so. We conclude that there is a clear preference for indigenous tree species by customers and nursery owners, which in time could increase the proportion and cover of native species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
The Primacy of Effective Human Capital Management to the Growth of Entrepreneurship Ventures. A Study of Cases from the Fast Food Restaurant Sector in Cape Town
- Asoba, Samson Nambei, Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship Human capital Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8135 , vital:61400 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/the-primacy-of-effective-human-capital-management-to-the-growth-of-entrepreneurship-ventures-a-study-of-cases-from-the-fast-food-r-10259.html"
- Description: This paper draws on two fields, human resources management and entrepreneurship to examine the observed problem of stalled established business ownership even despite favourable Total Early Stage entrepreneurship (TEA) among many nations. The aim of the study was to established the perceptions of entrepreneurs on the influence of human capital on the growth and sustainability of entrepreneurial ventures from the restaurant sector in Cape Town. The study adopted a qualitative research design which was based on interviews to infer the entrepreneurs’ perceptions on the role of effective human capital management to growth of entrepreneurial ventures. Fifteen interviews were conducted and analysed following a thematic analyse procedure. Various themes and sub themes which pointed to the critically of effective human capital management were established. It was found the people possess certain social, philosophical, psychological and ideological attributes that cannot be found from other resources. At the end of the analysis, it was established that human resources are central to the growth of entrepreneurial ventures as they possess certain exploitable entrepreneurial talents, are capable of unlocking the value of other resources and also they are the drivers of growth. Following these findings, it was recommended that entrepreneurs should centralise effective human capital management for growth. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Human Capital, Small Businesses, Business Growth, Competitive Advantage
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship Human capital Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8135 , vital:61400 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/the-primacy-of-effective-human-capital-management-to-the-growth-of-entrepreneurship-ventures-a-study-of-cases-from-the-fast-food-r-10259.html"
- Description: This paper draws on two fields, human resources management and entrepreneurship to examine the observed problem of stalled established business ownership even despite favourable Total Early Stage entrepreneurship (TEA) among many nations. The aim of the study was to established the perceptions of entrepreneurs on the influence of human capital on the growth and sustainability of entrepreneurial ventures from the restaurant sector in Cape Town. The study adopted a qualitative research design which was based on interviews to infer the entrepreneurs’ perceptions on the role of effective human capital management to growth of entrepreneurial ventures. Fifteen interviews were conducted and analysed following a thematic analyse procedure. Various themes and sub themes which pointed to the critically of effective human capital management were established. It was found the people possess certain social, philosophical, psychological and ideological attributes that cannot be found from other resources. At the end of the analysis, it was established that human resources are central to the growth of entrepreneurial ventures as they possess certain exploitable entrepreneurial talents, are capable of unlocking the value of other resources and also they are the drivers of growth. Following these findings, it was recommended that entrepreneurs should centralise effective human capital management for growth. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Human Capital, Small Businesses, Business Growth, Competitive Advantage
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Leadership Styles and Employee Job Satisfaction: A Case of Head of Departments in Walter Sisulu UniversityMonitoring and Management Mechanisms on Stress in HEI in Eastern Cape Province in South Africa: Critical Review
- Asoba, Samson Nambei, Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Educational Leadership Education (Higher) College department heads Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8082 , vital:61392 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/leadership-styles-and-employee-job-satisfaction-a-case-of-head-of-departments-in-walter-sisulu-university-10942.html"
- Description: This study was based on the relationship between the leadership styles of Academic head of Department and employee job satisfaction at the Higher Education Institution (HEI). In so doing, the study was based on the following questions: What is the relationship between leadership styles of HODs and employee job satisfaction in a Higher Education institution in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A purposive sampling technique was utilised to select the participants, which comprised 80 academic staff members to which the researcher hand-delivered 80 questionnaires. The study employed a quantitative method to collect and analyse data. The study found that Perceptions on the leadership styles of academic HODs at the HEI are varied. No clear pattern emerged on what leadership styles are prevalent. The relationship between leadership styles and employee job satisfaction appears to be nonlinear. Job satisfaction is a phenomenon that is determined by many factors, not simply leadership styles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Educational Leadership Education (Higher) College department heads Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8082 , vital:61392 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/leadership-styles-and-employee-job-satisfaction-a-case-of-head-of-departments-in-walter-sisulu-university-10942.html"
- Description: This study was based on the relationship between the leadership styles of Academic head of Department and employee job satisfaction at the Higher Education Institution (HEI). In so doing, the study was based on the following questions: What is the relationship between leadership styles of HODs and employee job satisfaction in a Higher Education institution in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A purposive sampling technique was utilised to select the participants, which comprised 80 academic staff members to which the researcher hand-delivered 80 questionnaires. The study employed a quantitative method to collect and analyse data. The study found that Perceptions on the leadership styles of academic HODs at the HEI are varied. No clear pattern emerged on what leadership styles are prevalent. The relationship between leadership styles and employee job satisfaction appears to be nonlinear. Job satisfaction is a phenomenon that is determined by many factors, not simply leadership styles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Sustainable Human Resource Practices for Organizational Competitiveness Post the Covid-19 Pandemic
- Asoba, Samson Nambei, Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Personel Management Covid-19 (Disease) Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8118 , vital:61396 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Sustainable-human-resource-practices-for-organizational-competitiveness-post-the-covid-19-1528-2686-27-2-480.pdf"
- Description: The study was formulated to tap into the future of HRM given the disruptions arising from the Covid-119 pandemic as well as the progression of the global technological environment to the fourth industrial revolution. The aim of the study was to: the Covid-19 induced HRM practices underpinning future organizational competitiveness. A literature review strategy was adopted to achieve the study objective. The study established seven emerging themes to inform HRM practices for the competitiveness of organizations in future following the Covid-19 disturbances. These themes are: primacy of HRM, increased cyber influences, digitalization, remote HRM, human-machine interface skills, human-organisation strategic links as well as human-technology interface competencies. Based on the study findings, the study recommended HRM departments to move to HR 4.0 through the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies, increased automation, and digitalization as well as strengthen virtualization systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Personel Management Covid-19 (Disease) Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8118 , vital:61396 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Sustainable-human-resource-practices-for-organizational-competitiveness-post-the-covid-19-1528-2686-27-2-480.pdf"
- Description: The study was formulated to tap into the future of HRM given the disruptions arising from the Covid-119 pandemic as well as the progression of the global technological environment to the fourth industrial revolution. The aim of the study was to: the Covid-19 induced HRM practices underpinning future organizational competitiveness. A literature review strategy was adopted to achieve the study objective. The study established seven emerging themes to inform HRM practices for the competitiveness of organizations in future following the Covid-19 disturbances. These themes are: primacy of HRM, increased cyber influences, digitalization, remote HRM, human-machine interface skills, human-organisation strategic links as well as human-technology interface competencies. Based on the study findings, the study recommended HRM departments to move to HR 4.0 through the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies, increased automation, and digitalization as well as strengthen virtualization systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Monitoring and Management Mechanisms on Stress in HEI in Eastern Cape Province in South Africa: Critical Review
- Asoba, Samson Nambei, Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Teachers--Job stress , Ill-Discipline of Learners , Middle school education -- Parent participation
- Language: English
- Type: text , article , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8068 , vital:61393 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/monitoring-and-management-mechanisms-on-stress-in-hei-in-eastern-cape-province-in-south-africa-critical-review-10636.html"
- Description: Stress is a global phenomenon that affects everyone regardless of gender, resources and environment. Although this phenomenon is well researched, teachers’ experiences of stress remains a worrying challenge particularly to schools’ effectiveness. This study sought to establish how monitoring and management mechanism that can assist teachers to cope with stress challenges. These are some of the recommendation: that the school disciplinary committee should be trained in various disciplinary measures that may be implemented in the school to curb learner ill-discipline and lack of commitment, that working relationship should be built between schools and the Department of Basic Education, motivational speakers and educational counsellors should meet with all learners on a regular basis to motivate them to have high desire for and interest in education and to build their self-confidence in the classroom, providing all the schools with healthy environment in classrooms, provision of learning and teaching materials to all schools, schools should set up an effective school-parents partnership in order to promote a safe drug and alcohol free environment, employ enough teachers in all secondary schools and the Department of Basic Education at district level should make room for stress management workshops for teachers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Teachers--Job stress , Ill-Discipline of Learners , Middle school education -- Parent participation
- Language: English
- Type: text , article , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8068 , vital:61393 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/monitoring-and-management-mechanisms-on-stress-in-hei-in-eastern-cape-province-in-south-africa-critical-review-10636.html"
- Description: Stress is a global phenomenon that affects everyone regardless of gender, resources and environment. Although this phenomenon is well researched, teachers’ experiences of stress remains a worrying challenge particularly to schools’ effectiveness. This study sought to establish how monitoring and management mechanism that can assist teachers to cope with stress challenges. These are some of the recommendation: that the school disciplinary committee should be trained in various disciplinary measures that may be implemented in the school to curb learner ill-discipline and lack of commitment, that working relationship should be built between schools and the Department of Basic Education, motivational speakers and educational counsellors should meet with all learners on a regular basis to motivate them to have high desire for and interest in education and to build their self-confidence in the classroom, providing all the schools with healthy environment in classrooms, provision of learning and teaching materials to all schools, schools should set up an effective school-parents partnership in order to promote a safe drug and alcohol free environment, employ enough teachers in all secondary schools and the Department of Basic Education at district level should make room for stress management workshops for teachers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Industry 4.0 and Skills Deficiencies in the HRM Function: Case Study of the HRM Department of a selected organisation in Cape Town
- Asoba, Samson Nambei, Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Personel Management Industry 4.0 Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8095 , vital:61395 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/industry-40-and-skills-deficiencies-in-the-hrm-function-case-study-of-the-hrm-department-of-a-selected-organization-in-cape-town-10664.html"
- Description: The study was formulated to tap into the future of HRM given the disruptions arising from the Covid-119 pandemic as well as the progression of the global technological environment to the fourth industrial revolution. The aim of the study was to: the Covid-19 induced HRM practices underpinning future organizational competitiveness. A literature review strategy was adopted to achieve the study objective. The study established seven emerging themes to inform HRM practices for the competitiveness of organizations in future following the Covid-19 disturbances. These themes are: primacy of HRM, increased cyber influences, digitalization, remote HRM, human-machine interface skills, human-organisation strategic links as well as human-technology interface competencies. Based on the study findings, the study recommended HRM departments to move to HR 4.0 through the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies, increased automation, and digitalization as well as strengthen virtualization systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Personel Management Industry 4.0 Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8095 , vital:61395 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/industry-40-and-skills-deficiencies-in-the-hrm-function-case-study-of-the-hrm-department-of-a-selected-organization-in-cape-town-10664.html"
- Description: The study was formulated to tap into the future of HRM given the disruptions arising from the Covid-119 pandemic as well as the progression of the global technological environment to the fourth industrial revolution. The aim of the study was to: the Covid-19 induced HRM practices underpinning future organizational competitiveness. A literature review strategy was adopted to achieve the study objective. The study established seven emerging themes to inform HRM practices for the competitiveness of organizations in future following the Covid-19 disturbances. These themes are: primacy of HRM, increased cyber influences, digitalization, remote HRM, human-machine interface skills, human-organisation strategic links as well as human-technology interface competencies. Based on the study findings, the study recommended HRM departments to move to HR 4.0 through the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies, increased automation, and digitalization as well as strengthen virtualization systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Immigrant trade in Wood crafts Stones and Beads in Cape Towns Craft Markets South Africa A Critical Review
- Asoba, Samson Nambei, Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Markets Immigrants Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8121 , vital:61397 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/immigrant-trade-in-wood-crafts-stones-and-beads-in-cape-towns-craft-markets-south-africa-a-critical-review-10257.html"
- Description: Although extensive studies and investigations exist within provincial and national spheres of the craft making and trading sector in South Africa, most of these investigations have aimed to conceptualise craft and the identification of the obstacles, as well as the demurred in the craft industry as whole. However, not much is known about immigrant traders in the African craft market. The objective of this study was to investigate the process involves in the manufacturing and trading of woodcraft, stones carving and beads stores owned by immigrant traders. The study utilised a desk methodology to review literature in Green Market Square, Stellenbosch Craft markets, Hout Bay Craft Market and Franschhoek Craft market. The findings revealed that the art of wood carving uses cutting tools to make wooden figures, ornamental objects and sculptures. The beads are made of fine glass, broken and unusable bottles and other varieties of scrap glass. The finding also revealed that most craft businesses are seasonal the markets do not have shades and unpredictable weather pattern in Cape Town is also a problem, which limits growth prospects.The study recommended that policy makers should developed these markets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Markets Immigrants Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8121 , vital:61397 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/immigrant-trade-in-wood-crafts-stones-and-beads-in-cape-towns-craft-markets-south-africa-a-critical-review-10257.html"
- Description: Although extensive studies and investigations exist within provincial and national spheres of the craft making and trading sector in South Africa, most of these investigations have aimed to conceptualise craft and the identification of the obstacles, as well as the demurred in the craft industry as whole. However, not much is known about immigrant traders in the African craft market. The objective of this study was to investigate the process involves in the manufacturing and trading of woodcraft, stones carving and beads stores owned by immigrant traders. The study utilised a desk methodology to review literature in Green Market Square, Stellenbosch Craft markets, Hout Bay Craft Market and Franschhoek Craft market. The findings revealed that the art of wood carving uses cutting tools to make wooden figures, ornamental objects and sculptures. The beads are made of fine glass, broken and unusable bottles and other varieties of scrap glass. The finding also revealed that most craft businesses are seasonal the markets do not have shades and unpredictable weather pattern in Cape Town is also a problem, which limits growth prospects.The study recommended that policy makers should developed these markets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Theories of Job Satisfaction In The Higher Education Context Education Context
- Asoba, Samson Nambei, Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Motivation Job Satisfaction Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8125 , vital:61399 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/the-primacy-of-effective-human-capital-management-to-the-growth-of-entrepreneurship-ventures-a-study-of-cases-from-the-fast-food-r-10259.html"
- Description: In South Africa, stagnant economic growth and high unemployment rates have called for solutions from all key national institutions, including institutions of higher learning, to provide solutions. This call must be considered within the transformation discourse that arose in South Africa after the fall of the apartheid regime in 1994 and the need to equalize educational opportunities, reduce poverty and improve lives through education. All this underscores the need for a vibrant motivated, satisfied and dedicated workforce. To explain and understand the phenomena of job-satisfaction several theories have been suggested by Maslow, Vroom, Adams, McGregor, Herzberg, Alderfer’s and other authors, however theories on employee job satisfaction varies with time and place, the old theory needs to be either modified, or replaced with a new model. The study attempt to synthesize the theories of job satisfaction in the Higher Education Institution in Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. The study adopted a desktop that was designed primarily as a descriptive study to source literatures on motivation, job satisfaction, and theories. Theories are neither right nor wrong rather it depends on the context where it is applied. Theories need to be restructured according to the new areas of research in human psychology. The evidence established from this study suggest theories of job satisfaction have to be tested against these emerging factors of positive psychology and their impact on human behaviour at individual, group and organizational levels in other Higher Education institutions in South Africa. Keywords: Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Theories, University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Motivation Job Satisfaction Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8125 , vital:61399 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/the-primacy-of-effective-human-capital-management-to-the-growth-of-entrepreneurship-ventures-a-study-of-cases-from-the-fast-food-r-10259.html"
- Description: In South Africa, stagnant economic growth and high unemployment rates have called for solutions from all key national institutions, including institutions of higher learning, to provide solutions. This call must be considered within the transformation discourse that arose in South Africa after the fall of the apartheid regime in 1994 and the need to equalize educational opportunities, reduce poverty and improve lives through education. All this underscores the need for a vibrant motivated, satisfied and dedicated workforce. To explain and understand the phenomena of job-satisfaction several theories have been suggested by Maslow, Vroom, Adams, McGregor, Herzberg, Alderfer’s and other authors, however theories on employee job satisfaction varies with time and place, the old theory needs to be either modified, or replaced with a new model. The study attempt to synthesize the theories of job satisfaction in the Higher Education Institution in Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. The study adopted a desktop that was designed primarily as a descriptive study to source literatures on motivation, job satisfaction, and theories. Theories are neither right nor wrong rather it depends on the context where it is applied. Theories need to be restructured according to the new areas of research in human psychology. The evidence established from this study suggest theories of job satisfaction have to be tested against these emerging factors of positive psychology and their impact on human behaviour at individual, group and organizational levels in other Higher Education institutions in South Africa. Keywords: Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Theories, University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Perceptions of Cultural and Heritage Tourism Entrepreneurship among Students at a Higher Educational Institution in Cape Town
- Asoba, Samson Nambei, Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Heritage Tourism Entrepreneurship Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8085 , vital:61394 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/perceptions-of-cultural-and-heritage-tourism-entrepreneurship-among-students-at-a-higher-educational-institution-in-cape-town-13940.html"
- Description: This study was inspired by the need to increase entrepreneurial opportunities in South Africa. It analysed the opportunity presented by tourism as a possible entrepreneurial field for you entrepreneurs from Universities. The study was based on the position that despite the attacks on colonial heritage sites, they can present possible entrepreneurial opportunities. The study adopted the quantitative approach to collect and analyse the perceptions of entrepreneurship students at a Higher Education Institution. Evidence was found that there were many benefits of heritage entrepreneurship which included creating financial viability, creation of employment and improving the environment and infrastructure in communities. It was also found that most of the students held a positive impression of the role of tourist and tourism entrepreneurship in the communities. They held a good image of the tourist and felt that they did not offer any threat to locals. Youth are recommended to adopt heritage tourism entrepreneurship as employment opportunity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Heritage Tourism Entrepreneurship Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8085 , vital:61394 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/perceptions-of-cultural-and-heritage-tourism-entrepreneurship-among-students-at-a-higher-educational-institution-in-cape-town-13940.html"
- Description: This study was inspired by the need to increase entrepreneurial opportunities in South Africa. It analysed the opportunity presented by tourism as a possible entrepreneurial field for you entrepreneurs from Universities. The study was based on the position that despite the attacks on colonial heritage sites, they can present possible entrepreneurial opportunities. The study adopted the quantitative approach to collect and analyse the perceptions of entrepreneurship students at a Higher Education Institution. Evidence was found that there were many benefits of heritage entrepreneurship which included creating financial viability, creation of employment and improving the environment and infrastructure in communities. It was also found that most of the students held a positive impression of the role of tourist and tourism entrepreneurship in the communities. They held a good image of the tourist and felt that they did not offer any threat to locals. Youth are recommended to adopt heritage tourism entrepreneurship as employment opportunity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021