Bicultural young African adults reuniting with their absent fathers during adolescence: experiences and coping strategies used when negotiating and integrating their bicultural identity
- Authors: Ndamase, Sandile
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Negotiation -- Cross-cultural studies , Biculturalism -- South Africa , Absentee fathers -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/74952 , vital:79869
- Description: Being bicultural refers to the integration of two distinct cultures, often involving the constant juggling of diverse cultural norms, languages, and identities, frequently complicated by asymmetrical power relations. In the context of African youth, biculturalism can present challenges, particularly when shaped by the absence of fathers and divergent cultural expectations. This study therefore explored the experiences of African youths in negotiating and integrating their bicultural identity within their families and communities after reuniting with their absent fathers during adolescence. Using a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive design rooted in phenomenology, the research aimed to develop an understanding of how participants experienced and coped with their dual cultural identities. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling, and semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted until the point of data saturation. Thematic analysis was applied to identify key themes. The findings revealed that participants encountered significant challenges in reintegrating with their paternal families, including cultural exclusion, language barriers, and limited emotional support. Despite these difficulties, they employed various coping strategies such as learning about both cultural backgrounds, practicing self-construction, integrating, or separating cultures, and relying on religious or traditional practices. Biculturalism offered benefits like exposure to diverse cultural perspectives and bilingualism but also posed challenges of misidentification and unclear social expectations. Family support, particularly socio-emotional support, was highlighted as critical in navigating these complexities. The study contributes valuable insights into the lived experiences of bicultural African youths, emphasizing the need for effective family communication and emotional support to foster successful cultural integration. The findings shows that successful integration of bicultural identity can be promoted through cultural understanding, addressing language 8 barriers, and fostering bicultural identity development through programs such as language immersion, cultural education, community initiatives, and mentorship. By supporting bicultural youth with emotional and social support, enhanced communication with their families, and through opportunities for cultural integration, families and communities can create more inclusive environments that enable bicultural youth to thrive in both their personal and professional lives. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04
- Authors: Ndamase, Sandile
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Negotiation -- Cross-cultural studies , Biculturalism -- South Africa , Absentee fathers -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/74952 , vital:79869
- Description: Being bicultural refers to the integration of two distinct cultures, often involving the constant juggling of diverse cultural norms, languages, and identities, frequently complicated by asymmetrical power relations. In the context of African youth, biculturalism can present challenges, particularly when shaped by the absence of fathers and divergent cultural expectations. This study therefore explored the experiences of African youths in negotiating and integrating their bicultural identity within their families and communities after reuniting with their absent fathers during adolescence. Using a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive design rooted in phenomenology, the research aimed to develop an understanding of how participants experienced and coped with their dual cultural identities. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling, and semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted until the point of data saturation. Thematic analysis was applied to identify key themes. The findings revealed that participants encountered significant challenges in reintegrating with their paternal families, including cultural exclusion, language barriers, and limited emotional support. Despite these difficulties, they employed various coping strategies such as learning about both cultural backgrounds, practicing self-construction, integrating, or separating cultures, and relying on religious or traditional practices. Biculturalism offered benefits like exposure to diverse cultural perspectives and bilingualism but also posed challenges of misidentification and unclear social expectations. Family support, particularly socio-emotional support, was highlighted as critical in navigating these complexities. The study contributes valuable insights into the lived experiences of bicultural African youths, emphasizing the need for effective family communication and emotional support to foster successful cultural integration. The findings shows that successful integration of bicultural identity can be promoted through cultural understanding, addressing language 8 barriers, and fostering bicultural identity development through programs such as language immersion, cultural education, community initiatives, and mentorship. By supporting bicultural youth with emotional and social support, enhanced communication with their families, and through opportunities for cultural integration, families and communities can create more inclusive environments that enable bicultural youth to thrive in both their personal and professional lives. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04
Dual and targeted photodynamic therapy ablation of bacterial and cancer cells using phthalocyanines and porphyrins in the presence of carbon-based nanomaterials
- Authors: Openda, Yolande Ikala
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Phthalocyanines , Porphyrins , Active oxygen , Biofilms , Breast Cancer Treatment , Nanostructured materials , Combination therapy , Photochemotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/365945 , vital:65804 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962//365946
- Description: Phthalocyanines (Pcs) and porphyrins bearing substituents that possess antibacterial/anticancer properties are used as photosensitizers (PS) for the first time in the work. For targeting specificity and improved photoactivity, the PSs were afterward functionalized with carbon nanomaterials such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) via covalent conjugation (amide or ester bonds) or by non-covalent conjugation (π-π stacking and electrostatic interactions). Furthermore, the PSs-DNDs nanoconjugates were conjugated to either chitosan-capped silver nanoparticles (CSAg) via amide bonds or to the bare silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using the silver- nitrogen affinity. The as-synthesized nanoconjugates were also fully characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic methods together with thermal analysis. The potential photocytotoxicity of the complexes alone and their nanoconjugates against S. aureus and/or E. coli planktonic and biofilm cultures has been evaluated in vitro. Compared to the non- quaternized PSs, the cationic analogs exhibited a higher photodynamic inactivation against the planktonic cells with log10 reduction values above 9 in the viable count using a concentration of ca. 1.25 μM following 30 min exposure to light (Light dose: 943 J/cm2 for Pcs and 250 mW/cm2 for porphyrins). Whereas, at a concentration of ca. 100 μM the cationic PSs showed complete eradication of biofilms upon 30 min exposure to light. As a result of conjugation to carbon-based nanomaterials and silver nanoparticles, the compounds proved to be more effective as they exhibited stronger antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities on the multi-drug resistant bacteria strains due to synergetic effect, compared to PSs alone. This suggests that the newly prepared nanohybrids (PS concentration ca. 100 μM) could be used as potential antimicrobial agents in the treatment of biofilm-related infections. The target nanoconjugates showed all the advantages of two different groups existing on a single entity. In light of the potential advantages of combined chemotherapy and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), this work reports for the first time the use of PACT-ciprofloxacin (CIP) dual therapy using selected indium quaternized PSs which showed higher photoactivity with complete eradication of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria biofilms at concentrations of 8 μM of PS versus 2 μg/mL of the antibiotic following 15 min irradiation time (light dose: 471 J/cm2 for Pcs and fluence: 250 mW/cm2 for porphyrins) on S. aureus. Whereas the total killing of E. coli was obtained when combining 8 or 16 μM of PS combined with 4 μg/mL of CIP. The combined treatment resulted in the complete eradication of the matured biofilms with the highest log10 reduction values of 7.05 and 7.20 on S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Used as a model, positively charged dimethylamino-chalcone Pcs also exhibited interesting photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity against MCF-7 cancer cells giving IC50 values of 17.9 and 7.4 μM, respectively following 15 min irradiation. Additionally, the TD-B3LYP/LanL2DZ calculations were run on the dimethylaminophenyl- porphyrins to compare the singlet excitation energies of quaternized and non-quaternized porphyrins in vacuo. the study shows excellent agreement between time-dependent density- functional theory (TD-DFT) exciting energies and the experimental S1>S0 excitation energies. The small deviation observed between the calculated and experimental spectra arises from the solvent effect. The excitation energies observed in these UV-Vis spectra mostly originated from electron promotion between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) for the less intense band and the HOMO-1 for the most intense band of the ground states to the lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the excited states. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Openda, Yolande Ikala
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Phthalocyanines , Porphyrins , Active oxygen , Biofilms , Breast Cancer Treatment , Nanostructured materials , Combination therapy , Photochemotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/365945 , vital:65804 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962//365946
- Description: Phthalocyanines (Pcs) and porphyrins bearing substituents that possess antibacterial/anticancer properties are used as photosensitizers (PS) for the first time in the work. For targeting specificity and improved photoactivity, the PSs were afterward functionalized with carbon nanomaterials such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) via covalent conjugation (amide or ester bonds) or by non-covalent conjugation (π-π stacking and electrostatic interactions). Furthermore, the PSs-DNDs nanoconjugates were conjugated to either chitosan-capped silver nanoparticles (CSAg) via amide bonds or to the bare silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using the silver- nitrogen affinity. The as-synthesized nanoconjugates were also fully characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic methods together with thermal analysis. The potential photocytotoxicity of the complexes alone and their nanoconjugates against S. aureus and/or E. coli planktonic and biofilm cultures has been evaluated in vitro. Compared to the non- quaternized PSs, the cationic analogs exhibited a higher photodynamic inactivation against the planktonic cells with log10 reduction values above 9 in the viable count using a concentration of ca. 1.25 μM following 30 min exposure to light (Light dose: 943 J/cm2 for Pcs and 250 mW/cm2 for porphyrins). Whereas, at a concentration of ca. 100 μM the cationic PSs showed complete eradication of biofilms upon 30 min exposure to light. As a result of conjugation to carbon-based nanomaterials and silver nanoparticles, the compounds proved to be more effective as they exhibited stronger antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities on the multi-drug resistant bacteria strains due to synergetic effect, compared to PSs alone. This suggests that the newly prepared nanohybrids (PS concentration ca. 100 μM) could be used as potential antimicrobial agents in the treatment of biofilm-related infections. The target nanoconjugates showed all the advantages of two different groups existing on a single entity. In light of the potential advantages of combined chemotherapy and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), this work reports for the first time the use of PACT-ciprofloxacin (CIP) dual therapy using selected indium quaternized PSs which showed higher photoactivity with complete eradication of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria biofilms at concentrations of 8 μM of PS versus 2 μg/mL of the antibiotic following 15 min irradiation time (light dose: 471 J/cm2 for Pcs and fluence: 250 mW/cm2 for porphyrins) on S. aureus. Whereas the total killing of E. coli was obtained when combining 8 or 16 μM of PS combined with 4 μg/mL of CIP. The combined treatment resulted in the complete eradication of the matured biofilms with the highest log10 reduction values of 7.05 and 7.20 on S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Used as a model, positively charged dimethylamino-chalcone Pcs also exhibited interesting photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity against MCF-7 cancer cells giving IC50 values of 17.9 and 7.4 μM, respectively following 15 min irradiation. Additionally, the TD-B3LYP/LanL2DZ calculations were run on the dimethylaminophenyl- porphyrins to compare the singlet excitation energies of quaternized and non-quaternized porphyrins in vacuo. the study shows excellent agreement between time-dependent density- functional theory (TD-DFT) exciting energies and the experimental S1>S0 excitation energies. The small deviation observed between the calculated and experimental spectra arises from the solvent effect. The excitation energies observed in these UV-Vis spectra mostly originated from electron promotion between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) for the less intense band and the HOMO-1 for the most intense band of the ground states to the lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the excited states. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
Former farm workers of foreign descent in communal areas in post-fast track Zimbabwe : the case of Shamva District
- Authors: Chadambuka, Patience
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Migrant agricultural laborers -- Zimbabwe -- Shamva District , Agricultural laborers, Foreign -- Zimbabwe -- Shamva District , Land reform -- Zimbabwe , Belonging (Social psychology) -- Zimbabwe -- Shamva District , Social integration-- Zimbabwe -- Shamva District , Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP)
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178420 , vital:42938 , 10.21504/10962/178420
- Description: Land and ethnicity continue to condition contestations in relation to belonging amongst rural Zimbabweans. The colonial era defined Zimbabwe’s land politics in a highly racialised and ethnicised manner. Racially, the colonial era gave birth to white-owned fertile farm lands, while blacks (or Africans) were resettled in agriculturally-unproductive Reserves, later referred to as communal areas in the post-colonial era. Though they were initially created with a segregatory and oppressive intent bent on disenfranchising native Africans, the Reserves became a definitive landscape embedded in ethnic and ancestral belonging for the autochthonous Natives. The Reserves were created exclusively for autochthonous Africans, and the colonial administration ensured that foreign migrant Africans recruited mainly as covenanted labour from nearby colonies would not be accommodated and consequently belong in Reserves. Migrant Africans were instead domiciled in white commercial farms, mines and urban areas, and deprived of land rights accorded to the autochthones. In the case of white farms specifically, the labourers experienced a conditional belonging (to the farm). This overall exclusionary system was later inherited and maintained by the post-colonial Zimbabwean government, up until the year 2000. Zimbabwe’s highly documented Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) from the year 2000 did away with the entrenched racial bifurcations of land, as white commercial farms became fast track farms. However, it did not undercut the existence of communal areas. The FTLRP had a profound effect on the lives of commercial farm workers, particularly those of foreign origin who had no other home or source of livelihood to fall back on after fast track displacements. Some though sought to move into communal areas, from which they had been excluded previously. Within this context, most scholarly studies of the post fast track period ignore the plight of former farm workers especially those that moved to, and into, communal areas. This ethnographic study, specifically of former farm workers of foreign origin in Shamva communal areas, therefore seeks to contribute to Zimbabwean studies in this regard. It documents and examines the perceptions, practices and lived experiences of former farm workers of foreign origin now residing in the Bushu communal areas of Shamva, and how they interface with Bushu autochthones in seeking to belong to Bushu. This is pursued by way of qualitative research methods (including lengthy stays in the study sites) as well as through the use of a theoretical framing focusing on lifeworlds, interfaces, belonging, othering and strangerhood. Key findings reveal that belonging by the former farm workers in Bushu entails a non-linear and convoluted process characterised by a series of contestations around for instance land shortages, limited livelihood strategies and cultural difference. This project of belonging does not entail assimilation on the part of the former farm workers, as they continue to uphold certain historical practices, leading to a form of co-existence between the autochthones and allochthones in Bushu. In this way, the former farm workers seem to develop a conditional belonging in (and to) Bushu, albeit different than the one experienced on white farms in the past. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Chadambuka, Patience
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Migrant agricultural laborers -- Zimbabwe -- Shamva District , Agricultural laborers, Foreign -- Zimbabwe -- Shamva District , Land reform -- Zimbabwe , Belonging (Social psychology) -- Zimbabwe -- Shamva District , Social integration-- Zimbabwe -- Shamva District , Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP)
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178420 , vital:42938 , 10.21504/10962/178420
- Description: Land and ethnicity continue to condition contestations in relation to belonging amongst rural Zimbabweans. The colonial era defined Zimbabwe’s land politics in a highly racialised and ethnicised manner. Racially, the colonial era gave birth to white-owned fertile farm lands, while blacks (or Africans) were resettled in agriculturally-unproductive Reserves, later referred to as communal areas in the post-colonial era. Though they were initially created with a segregatory and oppressive intent bent on disenfranchising native Africans, the Reserves became a definitive landscape embedded in ethnic and ancestral belonging for the autochthonous Natives. The Reserves were created exclusively for autochthonous Africans, and the colonial administration ensured that foreign migrant Africans recruited mainly as covenanted labour from nearby colonies would not be accommodated and consequently belong in Reserves. Migrant Africans were instead domiciled in white commercial farms, mines and urban areas, and deprived of land rights accorded to the autochthones. In the case of white farms specifically, the labourers experienced a conditional belonging (to the farm). This overall exclusionary system was later inherited and maintained by the post-colonial Zimbabwean government, up until the year 2000. Zimbabwe’s highly documented Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) from the year 2000 did away with the entrenched racial bifurcations of land, as white commercial farms became fast track farms. However, it did not undercut the existence of communal areas. The FTLRP had a profound effect on the lives of commercial farm workers, particularly those of foreign origin who had no other home or source of livelihood to fall back on after fast track displacements. Some though sought to move into communal areas, from which they had been excluded previously. Within this context, most scholarly studies of the post fast track period ignore the plight of former farm workers especially those that moved to, and into, communal areas. This ethnographic study, specifically of former farm workers of foreign origin in Shamva communal areas, therefore seeks to contribute to Zimbabwean studies in this regard. It documents and examines the perceptions, practices and lived experiences of former farm workers of foreign origin now residing in the Bushu communal areas of Shamva, and how they interface with Bushu autochthones in seeking to belong to Bushu. This is pursued by way of qualitative research methods (including lengthy stays in the study sites) as well as through the use of a theoretical framing focusing on lifeworlds, interfaces, belonging, othering and strangerhood. Key findings reveal that belonging by the former farm workers in Bushu entails a non-linear and convoluted process characterised by a series of contestations around for instance land shortages, limited livelihood strategies and cultural difference. This project of belonging does not entail assimilation on the part of the former farm workers, as they continue to uphold certain historical practices, leading to a form of co-existence between the autochthones and allochthones in Bushu. In this way, the former farm workers seem to develop a conditional belonging in (and to) Bushu, albeit different than the one experienced on white farms in the past. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Identification of novel therapeutic agents targeting Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) lytic replication
- Authors: Okpara, Michael Obinna
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432181 , vital:72849
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Okpara, Michael Obinna
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432181 , vital:72849
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
The implications of alluvial diamond mining for rural communities of Chiadzwa-Marange, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Mukamba, Adonia
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Diamond mines and mining -- Zimmbambwe , Rural development -- Economic aspects -- Zimbabwe , Economic development -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73119 , vital:79348
- Description: The extraction of metals and minerals has had, and continues to have, material implications for society. Given the significant growth in alluvial diamond mining activities witnessed in Chiadzwa, a rural community situated just southwest of Zimbabwe's third largest city, Mutare. This study focuses on the implications of alluvial diamond mining for rural communities of Chiadzwa-Marange, Zimbabwe. It assesses the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of alluvial mining on rural communities. It also establishes the measures put in place by mining companies and governments to mitigate and enhance the effects of alluvial diamonds. It further identifies policy gaps and recommends strategies for improving the positive implications while mitigating the negative impact of alluvial diamond mining. The study was influenced by the Resource Curse Theory, Political Ecology Theory and the Conflict Theory. The study was an explorative case study utilising qualitative data collection methods. Qualitative data were gathered through a systematic review of the literature and bibliometric research. The bibliometric research findings discussed the current state of the research and probable future directions on the study topic. Documents were selected using non-probability sampling methods, including purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The systematic review employed qualitative content analysis and bibliometric analysis to examine the collected data. Whilst the bibliometric analysis used VOS viewer software to perform bibliometric network visualizations, trend, and clustering and citation analysis on the study topic. Both the systematic literature review and bibliometric research were, carried out using multiple data bases. The study findings showed that the implications of alluvial diamond mining activities for the Chiadzwa community were two-fold, namely, positive and negative. A major finding of this study was that the adverse effects of alluvial diamond mining outweighed the potential positive benefits of alluvial diamond mining for the host community. Hence, there was a need to avert this gap. It was evident from the study findings that alluvial diamond mining activities continued to have adverse implications on the well-being and lives of the Chiadzwa people. As such, the host community were largely excluded from the significant benefits of alluvial diamond mining. The findings were further corroborated by a bibliometric analysis carried that examined 2,159 publications on alluvial diamond mining. The keywords "Zimbabwe," "diamond," and "mining," which had a total link strength of 2,385 emerged as the most frequently occurring terms. This highlights the significance of research focused on understanding the impact of alluvial diamond discoveries and mining activities in the Chiadzwa-Marange community in Zimbabwe.This signified the importance of research to understand the implications of alluvial diamond discoveries and mining taking place in Chiadzwa-Marange community in Zimbabwe.The diamond discoveries in Chiadzwa mirror other African countries where natural resources are becoming a curse rather than a blessing to countries. The study contributes to our understanding of the implications of alluvial diamond mining for rural communities in Zimbabwe and other regions experiencing the same phenomena. Given the adverse implications, it is recommended that multi-stakeholder platforms, improved legal frameworks, corporate social responsibility initiatives, and effective monitoring mechanisms be used to ensure sustainable and equitable alluvial diamond mining practices in the Zimbabwean mining sector. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04
- Authors: Mukamba, Adonia
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Diamond mines and mining -- Zimmbambwe , Rural development -- Economic aspects -- Zimbabwe , Economic development -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73119 , vital:79348
- Description: The extraction of metals and minerals has had, and continues to have, material implications for society. Given the significant growth in alluvial diamond mining activities witnessed in Chiadzwa, a rural community situated just southwest of Zimbabwe's third largest city, Mutare. This study focuses on the implications of alluvial diamond mining for rural communities of Chiadzwa-Marange, Zimbabwe. It assesses the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of alluvial mining on rural communities. It also establishes the measures put in place by mining companies and governments to mitigate and enhance the effects of alluvial diamonds. It further identifies policy gaps and recommends strategies for improving the positive implications while mitigating the negative impact of alluvial diamond mining. The study was influenced by the Resource Curse Theory, Political Ecology Theory and the Conflict Theory. The study was an explorative case study utilising qualitative data collection methods. Qualitative data were gathered through a systematic review of the literature and bibliometric research. The bibliometric research findings discussed the current state of the research and probable future directions on the study topic. Documents were selected using non-probability sampling methods, including purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The systematic review employed qualitative content analysis and bibliometric analysis to examine the collected data. Whilst the bibliometric analysis used VOS viewer software to perform bibliometric network visualizations, trend, and clustering and citation analysis on the study topic. Both the systematic literature review and bibliometric research were, carried out using multiple data bases. The study findings showed that the implications of alluvial diamond mining activities for the Chiadzwa community were two-fold, namely, positive and negative. A major finding of this study was that the adverse effects of alluvial diamond mining outweighed the potential positive benefits of alluvial diamond mining for the host community. Hence, there was a need to avert this gap. It was evident from the study findings that alluvial diamond mining activities continued to have adverse implications on the well-being and lives of the Chiadzwa people. As such, the host community were largely excluded from the significant benefits of alluvial diamond mining. The findings were further corroborated by a bibliometric analysis carried that examined 2,159 publications on alluvial diamond mining. The keywords "Zimbabwe," "diamond," and "mining," which had a total link strength of 2,385 emerged as the most frequently occurring terms. This highlights the significance of research focused on understanding the impact of alluvial diamond discoveries and mining activities in the Chiadzwa-Marange community in Zimbabwe.This signified the importance of research to understand the implications of alluvial diamond discoveries and mining taking place in Chiadzwa-Marange community in Zimbabwe.The diamond discoveries in Chiadzwa mirror other African countries where natural resources are becoming a curse rather than a blessing to countries. The study contributes to our understanding of the implications of alluvial diamond mining for rural communities in Zimbabwe and other regions experiencing the same phenomena. Given the adverse implications, it is recommended that multi-stakeholder platforms, improved legal frameworks, corporate social responsibility initiatives, and effective monitoring mechanisms be used to ensure sustainable and equitable alluvial diamond mining practices in the Zimbabwean mining sector. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04
The implications of alluvial diamond mining for rural communities of Chiadzwa-Marange, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Mukamba, Adonia
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Diamond mines and mining -- Zimbabwe -- Chiadzwa-Marange , Rural communities -- Zimbabwe -- Chiadzwa-Marange , Finance, Public -- Zimbabwe -- Chiadzwa-Marange
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73094 , vital:79332
- Description: The extraction of metals and minerals has had, and continues to have, material implications for society. Given the significant growth in alluvial diamond mining activities witnessed in Chiadzwa, a rural community situated just southwest of Zimbabwe's third largest city, Mutare. This study focuses on the implications of alluvial diamond mining for rural communities of Chiadzwa-Marange, Zimbabwe. It assesses the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of alluvial mining on rural communities. It also establishes the measures put in place by mining companies and governments to mitigate and enhance the effects of alluvial diamonds. It further identifies policy gaps and recommends strategies for improving the positive implications while mitigating the negative impact of alluvial diamond mining. The study was influenced by the Resource Curse Theory, Political Ecology Theory and the Conflict Theory. The study was an explorative case study utilising qualitative data collection methods. Qualitative data were gathered through a systematic review of the literature and bibliometric research. The bibliometric research findings discussed the current state of the research and probable future directions on the study topic. Documents were selected using non-probability sampling methods, including purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The systematic review employed qualitative content analysis and bibliometric analysis to examine the collected data. Whilst the bibliometric analysis used VOS viewer software to perform bibliometric network visualizations, trend, and clustering and citation analysis on the study topic. Both the systematic literature review and bibliometric research were, carried out using multiple data bases. The study findings showed that the implications of alluvial diamond mining activities for the Chiadzwa community were two-fold, namely, positive and negative. A major finding of this study was that the adverse effects of alluvial diamond mining outweighed the potential positive benefits of alluvial diamond mining for the host community. Hence, there was a need to avert this gap. It was evident from the study findings that alluvial diamond mining activities continued to have adverse implications on the well-being and lives of the Chiadzwa people. As such, the host community were largely excluded from the significant benefits of alluvial diamond mining. The findings were further corroborated by a bibliometric analysis carried that examined 2,159 publications on alluvial diamond mining. The keywords "Zimbabwe," "diamond," and "mining," which had a total link strength of 2,385 emerged as the most frequently occurring terms. This highlights the significance of research focused on understanding the impact of alluvial diamond discoveries and mining activities in the Chiadzwa-Marange community in Zimbabwe.This signified the importance of research to understand the implications of alluvial diamond discoveries and mining taking place in Chiadzwa-Marange community in Zimbabwe.The diamond discoveries in Chiadzwa mirror other African countries where natural resources are becoming a curse rather than a blessing to countries. The study contributes to our understanding of the implications of alluvial diamond mining for rural communities in Zimbabwe and other regions experiencing the same phenomena. Given the adverse implications, it is recommended that multi-stakeholder platforms, improved legal frameworks, corporate social responsibility initiatives, and effective monitoring mechanisms be used to ensure sustainable and equitable alluvial diamond mining practices in the Zimbabwean mining sector. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04
- Authors: Mukamba, Adonia
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Diamond mines and mining -- Zimbabwe -- Chiadzwa-Marange , Rural communities -- Zimbabwe -- Chiadzwa-Marange , Finance, Public -- Zimbabwe -- Chiadzwa-Marange
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73094 , vital:79332
- Description: The extraction of metals and minerals has had, and continues to have, material implications for society. Given the significant growth in alluvial diamond mining activities witnessed in Chiadzwa, a rural community situated just southwest of Zimbabwe's third largest city, Mutare. This study focuses on the implications of alluvial diamond mining for rural communities of Chiadzwa-Marange, Zimbabwe. It assesses the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of alluvial mining on rural communities. It also establishes the measures put in place by mining companies and governments to mitigate and enhance the effects of alluvial diamonds. It further identifies policy gaps and recommends strategies for improving the positive implications while mitigating the negative impact of alluvial diamond mining. The study was influenced by the Resource Curse Theory, Political Ecology Theory and the Conflict Theory. The study was an explorative case study utilising qualitative data collection methods. Qualitative data were gathered through a systematic review of the literature and bibliometric research. The bibliometric research findings discussed the current state of the research and probable future directions on the study topic. Documents were selected using non-probability sampling methods, including purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The systematic review employed qualitative content analysis and bibliometric analysis to examine the collected data. Whilst the bibliometric analysis used VOS viewer software to perform bibliometric network visualizations, trend, and clustering and citation analysis on the study topic. Both the systematic literature review and bibliometric research were, carried out using multiple data bases. The study findings showed that the implications of alluvial diamond mining activities for the Chiadzwa community were two-fold, namely, positive and negative. A major finding of this study was that the adverse effects of alluvial diamond mining outweighed the potential positive benefits of alluvial diamond mining for the host community. Hence, there was a need to avert this gap. It was evident from the study findings that alluvial diamond mining activities continued to have adverse implications on the well-being and lives of the Chiadzwa people. As such, the host community were largely excluded from the significant benefits of alluvial diamond mining. The findings were further corroborated by a bibliometric analysis carried that examined 2,159 publications on alluvial diamond mining. The keywords "Zimbabwe," "diamond," and "mining," which had a total link strength of 2,385 emerged as the most frequently occurring terms. This highlights the significance of research focused on understanding the impact of alluvial diamond discoveries and mining activities in the Chiadzwa-Marange community in Zimbabwe.This signified the importance of research to understand the implications of alluvial diamond discoveries and mining taking place in Chiadzwa-Marange community in Zimbabwe.The diamond discoveries in Chiadzwa mirror other African countries where natural resources are becoming a curse rather than a blessing to countries. The study contributes to our understanding of the implications of alluvial diamond mining for rural communities in Zimbabwe and other regions experiencing the same phenomena. Given the adverse implications, it is recommended that multi-stakeholder platforms, improved legal frameworks, corporate social responsibility initiatives, and effective monitoring mechanisms be used to ensure sustainable and equitable alluvial diamond mining practices in the Zimbabwean mining sector. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04
The term structure of interest rate and expected inflation in South Africa
- Authors: Deve, Richard
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Inflation (Finance) , Rational expectations (Economic theory)| , Inflation (Finance) -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20252 , vital:45639
- Description: One of the questions in the minds of policy-makers, monetary authorities and the government is the nature of South Africa’s yield curve and its ability to predict inflation expectations for this country. This calls for an investigation of the relationship between the term structure of interest rates and expected inflation in South Africa. The study seeks to provide answers to three sequentially structured questions: Is there a long-term relationship between the yield curve and inflation expectations in South Africa? Does interest rate term structure contain information about future inflation movements in an inflation-targeting regime for South Africa? And finally: How useful is the yield spread as a predictor for future inflation in South Africa? To shed light on these questions, monthly data for five core variables covering the period January 2000 to January 2017 was used. In South Africa, a tight monetary policy stance affects economic activity positively. The development of sounder bond markets in developed economies, which enhance economic development, creates predictable monetary policy direction relative to developing economies that are cha-racterised by unstable economic conditions coupled with policy inconsistence. This phenomenon results in less credible central banks, and hence leads to less anchored inflation expectations. However, South Africa has well-anchored inflation expectations and one of the most liquid bond markets in the world, which sets it in an excellent position to compete with developed economies. South Africa’s risk premium and inflation are less volatile than those of other developing countries. This particular study finds that a tight monetary policy stance results in an increase in short-term interest rates, leading consequently to a decline in future inflation expectations, and hence leading to a decrease in long-term interest rates, through which the credibility of the central bank is recognised. The positive marginal effect of the yield spread on inflation expectations suggests that the inflation expectation changes are influenced positively by changes in the yield spread. An observed long-run relationship exists between inflation expectations and the yield spread signals that the yield spread has predictive ability for inflation ex-pectations in South Africa. The forecast inflation mimics realised inflation, which could suggest that the forecast is fairly accurate and valuable in explaining the influence of the inflation targeting regime adopted by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB). On the other hand, inflation expectations are viewed as a lagging indicator. In this line of argument, Mishkin (1990b) mentions that past studies have used the yield curve to extract information about future inflation. This is in line with the findings of the SARB (2016). That study (2016) found that the yield spread is useful for predicting expected future yield over 24 quarters in the South African economy. The study found that the yield curve does have a predictive ability with regard to expected inflation, which is moderate. However, it was found that the repo rate and the current levels of inflation had more predictive power than the yield curve. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
- Authors: Deve, Richard
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Inflation (Finance) , Rational expectations (Economic theory)| , Inflation (Finance) -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20252 , vital:45639
- Description: One of the questions in the minds of policy-makers, monetary authorities and the government is the nature of South Africa’s yield curve and its ability to predict inflation expectations for this country. This calls for an investigation of the relationship between the term structure of interest rates and expected inflation in South Africa. The study seeks to provide answers to three sequentially structured questions: Is there a long-term relationship between the yield curve and inflation expectations in South Africa? Does interest rate term structure contain information about future inflation movements in an inflation-targeting regime for South Africa? And finally: How useful is the yield spread as a predictor for future inflation in South Africa? To shed light on these questions, monthly data for five core variables covering the period January 2000 to January 2017 was used. In South Africa, a tight monetary policy stance affects economic activity positively. The development of sounder bond markets in developed economies, which enhance economic development, creates predictable monetary policy direction relative to developing economies that are cha-racterised by unstable economic conditions coupled with policy inconsistence. This phenomenon results in less credible central banks, and hence leads to less anchored inflation expectations. However, South Africa has well-anchored inflation expectations and one of the most liquid bond markets in the world, which sets it in an excellent position to compete with developed economies. South Africa’s risk premium and inflation are less volatile than those of other developing countries. This particular study finds that a tight monetary policy stance results in an increase in short-term interest rates, leading consequently to a decline in future inflation expectations, and hence leading to a decrease in long-term interest rates, through which the credibility of the central bank is recognised. The positive marginal effect of the yield spread on inflation expectations suggests that the inflation expectation changes are influenced positively by changes in the yield spread. An observed long-run relationship exists between inflation expectations and the yield spread signals that the yield spread has predictive ability for inflation ex-pectations in South Africa. The forecast inflation mimics realised inflation, which could suggest that the forecast is fairly accurate and valuable in explaining the influence of the inflation targeting regime adopted by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB). On the other hand, inflation expectations are viewed as a lagging indicator. In this line of argument, Mishkin (1990b) mentions that past studies have used the yield curve to extract information about future inflation. This is in line with the findings of the SARB (2016). That study (2016) found that the yield spread is useful for predicting expected future yield over 24 quarters in the South African economy. The study found that the yield curve does have a predictive ability with regard to expected inflation, which is moderate. However, it was found that the repo rate and the current levels of inflation had more predictive power than the yield curve. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
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