Negotiating the line between information and panic: a case study of vanguard’s coverage of the ebola outbreak in Nigeria
- Authors: Akingbade, Olutobi Elijah
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Digital media -- Marketing , Marketing -- Technological innovations , Internet marketing , Carbonated beverages -- Marketing , Coca Cola (Trademark) -- Marketing , Social media -- Economic aspects , Soft drink industry -- Internet marketing , Health behavior in adolescence , Advertising -- Carbonated beverages , Obesity in adolescence , Drinking behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5903 , vital:20986
- Description: This study titled ‘Negotiating the line between information and panic: A case study of Vanguard’s coverage of the Ebola Outbreak in Nigeria’ investigates and evaluates Vanguard’s coverage of the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Nigeria. This study was conducted to understand how Vanguard negotiated the line between the dissemination of actual EVD information and the possibility of creating panic and fear during the coverage of the outbreak. Using qualitative content analysis and interview embedded within a qualitative research design, the study was carried out against the backdrop of relevant literature that asserts that the mass media is an important carrier, prime mover and producer of tensions, anxieties, fears and panics while the print media specifically is argued to have as part of its history the business of irrational fear mongering and the creation of panic about social problems. Vanguard, rated as one of the ten largest newspapers in Nigeria, was purposively selected for this study. Vanguard did substantial reporting and dissemination of the 2014 EVD outbreak and it was possible to draw on the availability and accessibility of the electronic archives of the EVD articles. Using the theory of moral panic, the normative theories of the media and theories about essential constituents of journalism culture as a theoretical framework, the study reveals that Vanguard’s coverage of the 2014 EVD outbreak was challenging and more demanding compared to coverage of previous outbreaks of viral diseases in Nigeria by the print medium. The study shows that lack of sufficient understanding of the science that underlies EVD, the initial exclusion of the media from the national response to contain the outbreak, and the lack of sufficient proactive measures by government and the print medium were powerful factors in how the epidemic was reported. The study also shows an interesting dimension in Vanguard’s early and latter coverage of the EVD outbreak while it lasted in Nigeria. This dimension reveals a high number of EVD articles with the propensity to inspire fear and panic in the early days of the coverage compared to EVD articles with the propensity to douse fear and panic in the early and latter days of the outbreak. The study shows that while the challenges encountered stem from Ebola’s mode of transmission, lack of scientific and medically proven cure and early coverage amidst uncertainties, the inherent tensions and anxieties that characterised the outbreak coupled with Vanguard’s fire brigade approach led to the relatively high number of EVD articles with the propensity to inspire fear and panic. The study recommends the mass media’s inclusion in national responses to epidemics and ongoing training for health journalists to update their knowledge base about emerging and infectious diseases. The study also recommends for further study a reception analysis to enhance the socio-cultural understanding of how the EVD articles were received.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Akingbade, Olutobi Elijah
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Digital media -- Marketing , Marketing -- Technological innovations , Internet marketing , Carbonated beverages -- Marketing , Coca Cola (Trademark) -- Marketing , Social media -- Economic aspects , Soft drink industry -- Internet marketing , Health behavior in adolescence , Advertising -- Carbonated beverages , Obesity in adolescence , Drinking behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5903 , vital:20986
- Description: This study titled ‘Negotiating the line between information and panic: A case study of Vanguard’s coverage of the Ebola Outbreak in Nigeria’ investigates and evaluates Vanguard’s coverage of the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Nigeria. This study was conducted to understand how Vanguard negotiated the line between the dissemination of actual EVD information and the possibility of creating panic and fear during the coverage of the outbreak. Using qualitative content analysis and interview embedded within a qualitative research design, the study was carried out against the backdrop of relevant literature that asserts that the mass media is an important carrier, prime mover and producer of tensions, anxieties, fears and panics while the print media specifically is argued to have as part of its history the business of irrational fear mongering and the creation of panic about social problems. Vanguard, rated as one of the ten largest newspapers in Nigeria, was purposively selected for this study. Vanguard did substantial reporting and dissemination of the 2014 EVD outbreak and it was possible to draw on the availability and accessibility of the electronic archives of the EVD articles. Using the theory of moral panic, the normative theories of the media and theories about essential constituents of journalism culture as a theoretical framework, the study reveals that Vanguard’s coverage of the 2014 EVD outbreak was challenging and more demanding compared to coverage of previous outbreaks of viral diseases in Nigeria by the print medium. The study shows that lack of sufficient understanding of the science that underlies EVD, the initial exclusion of the media from the national response to contain the outbreak, and the lack of sufficient proactive measures by government and the print medium were powerful factors in how the epidemic was reported. The study also shows an interesting dimension in Vanguard’s early and latter coverage of the EVD outbreak while it lasted in Nigeria. This dimension reveals a high number of EVD articles with the propensity to inspire fear and panic in the early days of the coverage compared to EVD articles with the propensity to douse fear and panic in the early and latter days of the outbreak. The study shows that while the challenges encountered stem from Ebola’s mode of transmission, lack of scientific and medically proven cure and early coverage amidst uncertainties, the inherent tensions and anxieties that characterised the outbreak coupled with Vanguard’s fire brigade approach led to the relatively high number of EVD articles with the propensity to inspire fear and panic. The study recommends the mass media’s inclusion in national responses to epidemics and ongoing training for health journalists to update their knowledge base about emerging and infectious diseases. The study also recommends for further study a reception analysis to enhance the socio-cultural understanding of how the EVD articles were received.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal and toxicological properties of Hermannia Incana cav.: a South African medicinal plant
- Authors: Appidi, Jaipal Reddy
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Sterculiaceae , Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Diarrhea , Botany, Medical
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:11304 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/259 , Sterculiaceae , Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Diarrhea , Botany, Medical
- Description: Hermannia incana Cav. (Sterculiaceae), known as sweet yellow bells, is a medicinal plant used by the people of the Eastern Cape for the treatment of stomach-ache and diarrhoea. It has purgative and diaphoretic effects. It is a prostrate herb with yellow flowers and sparsely hairy and slightly glandular leaves, occurring in grassland and marshes in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Based on the ethnomedical uses of this plant, the research project was designed to evaluate its antidiarrhoeal and toxicological properties. An ethnobotanical study of plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in the Eastern Cape Province was carried out, using a questionnaire which was administered to herbalists, traditional healers and rural dwellers. This survey indicated a total of 17 plant species from 14 families. Elephantorrhiza elephantine (Burch.) Skeels, Hermannia incana Cav., Pelargonium reniforme Curt., Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh. and Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) Roem. et Schult. were the most frequently mentioned and highly recommended plants for the treatment of diarrhoea by both the traditional healers and rural dwellers. The root, bark and leaves are the common parts of plants used, while decoctions and infusions are the main methods of preparation. The agar dilution method was used to study the antimicrobial activity. The methanol extracts of the plant showed appreciable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 7.0 mg/ml. The acetone and water extracts of both the leaves and the roots showed moderate activity against Gram positive bacteria and less activity against Gram negative bacteria. All the extracts inhibited the growth of the fungi Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Mucor hiemalis with growth inhibition ranging from 54.31 percent to 96.67 percent at 0.1-10 mg/ml. None of the extracts suppressed the growth of Candida albicans at the maximum concentration (10 mg/ml) tested. iii In the in vivo antidiarrhoeal evaluation using Wistar rats, the aqueous extract at all the doses tested, significantly prolonged the time of induction of diarrhoea and also reduced the frequency of diarrhoeal episodes and fecal parameters (total number, number of wet, fresh and dry weight and water content of the faeces). The percentage inhibition of defecation and intestinal content (enteropooling) were increased in dose dependent manner. The doses also reduced the intestinal transit time of charcoal, masses and volumes of intestinal fluid (gastrointestinal motility). These results are indications of antidiarrhoeal property of H. incana leaf extract with the 600 mg/kg body weight of the extract being the most effective. In the toxicological evaluation using Wistar rats, the oral administration of the extract did not produce any significant effect on the liver and kidney body weight ratios, RBC, HB, PCV, MCV MCH, MCHC, RCDW, WBC, neutrophils, monocytes and basophils cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic index. The extract also did not affect the levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, albumin, total and conjugated bilirubin. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransaminase in the serum were increased by the extract whereas aspartate aminotransaminase was decreased. The levels of LUC, platelets, lymphocytes and eosinophils were significantly affected at 600 mg/kg body weight. The available evidence in this study suggests that the extract of H. incana leaf is mild, parameter and dose specific. The structure and distribution of foliar appendages on the leaves of this plant were investigated with the JEOL (JSM-6390LV) scanning electron microscope (SEM). Both glandular and non-glandular trichomes were observed. Long stalked glandular trichomes were present on both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces while short stalked glandular trichomes were present only on the adaxial surface. Glandular trichomes were capitate while nonglandular trichomes were stellate with many arms. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopyiv SEM showed that Al, Ca, K, Na, Ti and Si were the major constituents of the crystals analyzed from the leaf surfaces. The phytochemical screening of H. incana revealed the presence of bioactive antidiarrhoeal agents such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, cardenolides and dienolides. Two flavonoids, epicatechin and 3, 5, 7, 2’ tetra-hydroxy flavone-3- O--D-glucopyranoside were isolated from the leaves of the plant through bio-active guided fractionation. Both these compounds were screened against diarrhoea causative organisms (Echerichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 100 μg/ml. The findings from this research have generally justified the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of diarrhoea in this province.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Appidi, Jaipal Reddy
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Sterculiaceae , Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Diarrhea , Botany, Medical
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:11304 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/259 , Sterculiaceae , Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Diarrhea , Botany, Medical
- Description: Hermannia incana Cav. (Sterculiaceae), known as sweet yellow bells, is a medicinal plant used by the people of the Eastern Cape for the treatment of stomach-ache and diarrhoea. It has purgative and diaphoretic effects. It is a prostrate herb with yellow flowers and sparsely hairy and slightly glandular leaves, occurring in grassland and marshes in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Based on the ethnomedical uses of this plant, the research project was designed to evaluate its antidiarrhoeal and toxicological properties. An ethnobotanical study of plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in the Eastern Cape Province was carried out, using a questionnaire which was administered to herbalists, traditional healers and rural dwellers. This survey indicated a total of 17 plant species from 14 families. Elephantorrhiza elephantine (Burch.) Skeels, Hermannia incana Cav., Pelargonium reniforme Curt., Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh. and Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) Roem. et Schult. were the most frequently mentioned and highly recommended plants for the treatment of diarrhoea by both the traditional healers and rural dwellers. The root, bark and leaves are the common parts of plants used, while decoctions and infusions are the main methods of preparation. The agar dilution method was used to study the antimicrobial activity. The methanol extracts of the plant showed appreciable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 7.0 mg/ml. The acetone and water extracts of both the leaves and the roots showed moderate activity against Gram positive bacteria and less activity against Gram negative bacteria. All the extracts inhibited the growth of the fungi Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Mucor hiemalis with growth inhibition ranging from 54.31 percent to 96.67 percent at 0.1-10 mg/ml. None of the extracts suppressed the growth of Candida albicans at the maximum concentration (10 mg/ml) tested. iii In the in vivo antidiarrhoeal evaluation using Wistar rats, the aqueous extract at all the doses tested, significantly prolonged the time of induction of diarrhoea and also reduced the frequency of diarrhoeal episodes and fecal parameters (total number, number of wet, fresh and dry weight and water content of the faeces). The percentage inhibition of defecation and intestinal content (enteropooling) were increased in dose dependent manner. The doses also reduced the intestinal transit time of charcoal, masses and volumes of intestinal fluid (gastrointestinal motility). These results are indications of antidiarrhoeal property of H. incana leaf extract with the 600 mg/kg body weight of the extract being the most effective. In the toxicological evaluation using Wistar rats, the oral administration of the extract did not produce any significant effect on the liver and kidney body weight ratios, RBC, HB, PCV, MCV MCH, MCHC, RCDW, WBC, neutrophils, monocytes and basophils cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic index. The extract also did not affect the levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, albumin, total and conjugated bilirubin. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransaminase in the serum were increased by the extract whereas aspartate aminotransaminase was decreased. The levels of LUC, platelets, lymphocytes and eosinophils were significantly affected at 600 mg/kg body weight. The available evidence in this study suggests that the extract of H. incana leaf is mild, parameter and dose specific. The structure and distribution of foliar appendages on the leaves of this plant were investigated with the JEOL (JSM-6390LV) scanning electron microscope (SEM). Both glandular and non-glandular trichomes were observed. Long stalked glandular trichomes were present on both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces while short stalked glandular trichomes were present only on the adaxial surface. Glandular trichomes were capitate while nonglandular trichomes were stellate with many arms. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopyiv SEM showed that Al, Ca, K, Na, Ti and Si were the major constituents of the crystals analyzed from the leaf surfaces. The phytochemical screening of H. incana revealed the presence of bioactive antidiarrhoeal agents such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, cardenolides and dienolides. Two flavonoids, epicatechin and 3, 5, 7, 2’ tetra-hydroxy flavone-3- O--D-glucopyranoside were isolated from the leaves of the plant through bio-active guided fractionation. Both these compounds were screened against diarrhoea causative organisms (Echerichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 100 μg/ml. The findings from this research have generally justified the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of diarrhoea in this province.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The role of civil society organizations in the consolidation of democracy : cases from Cameroon and South Africa
- Authors: Ayuk, Enu Rene
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Civil Society Organization -- South Africa Social movements Democracy -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M. Soc. Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9319 , vital:34321
- Description: This study investigates the role played by civil society organizations in the consolidation of democracy. It is a comparative study between South Africa and Cameroon. This study utilizes the Habermasian critical theory of civil society which emanates from the liberal ideology of democracy. The objectives of the study were to look at the legislations regulating the operation of NGOs, the activities carried out to consolidate democracy and the challenges faced by these organizations in both South Africa and Cameroon. The qualitative method was used for data collection for the study. Interviews were carried out with NGOs officials and the data was analyzed using thematic analyses. The research found out that there is a liberal legislative framework governing the activities of NGOs in South Africa. On the other hand, though Cameroon laws on association seem liberal, a careful study of these laws revealed a concerted effort from the state to constrain the operation of NGOs. NGOs in South Africa carryout activities such as picketing, publicity stunts, human rights awareness campaigns, anti-corruption campaigns, lobbying of parliament, protests, mass mobilization and public interest litigation to consolidate democracy.In Cameroon, NGOs are involved in activities like strike actions, public protest, human rights and anti-corruption campaign as well as public interest litigation to consolidate democracy. However, South African NGOs face challenges like administrative bottlenecks, legal draws backs, sporadic hostility from the state, inadequate funding and lack of staff capacity. In Cameroon, NGOs faced the following challenges; restrictive legal framework, arbitrary arrests and detention of activists, financial constraints, lack of staff capacity, lack of infrastructure, corruption and internal divisions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ayuk, Enu Rene
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Civil Society Organization -- South Africa Social movements Democracy -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M. Soc. Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9319 , vital:34321
- Description: This study investigates the role played by civil society organizations in the consolidation of democracy. It is a comparative study between South Africa and Cameroon. This study utilizes the Habermasian critical theory of civil society which emanates from the liberal ideology of democracy. The objectives of the study were to look at the legislations regulating the operation of NGOs, the activities carried out to consolidate democracy and the challenges faced by these organizations in both South Africa and Cameroon. The qualitative method was used for data collection for the study. Interviews were carried out with NGOs officials and the data was analyzed using thematic analyses. The research found out that there is a liberal legislative framework governing the activities of NGOs in South Africa. On the other hand, though Cameroon laws on association seem liberal, a careful study of these laws revealed a concerted effort from the state to constrain the operation of NGOs. NGOs in South Africa carryout activities such as picketing, publicity stunts, human rights awareness campaigns, anti-corruption campaigns, lobbying of parliament, protests, mass mobilization and public interest litigation to consolidate democracy.In Cameroon, NGOs are involved in activities like strike actions, public protest, human rights and anti-corruption campaign as well as public interest litigation to consolidate democracy. However, South African NGOs face challenges like administrative bottlenecks, legal draws backs, sporadic hostility from the state, inadequate funding and lack of staff capacity. In Cameroon, NGOs faced the following challenges; restrictive legal framework, arbitrary arrests and detention of activists, financial constraints, lack of staff capacity, lack of infrastructure, corruption and internal divisions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A polarographic study : the estimation of sodium and potassium in the presence of each other
- Authors: Carter, Austin John
- Date: 1938
- Subjects: Polarographs , Polarography , Potassium , Sodium
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4455 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010434
- Description: The polarographic method has been described, and an attempt made to describe the difficulty of the simultaneous deposition of sodium and potassium. Various methods have been examined, of which precipitation of potassium with magnesium dipicrylaminate seems the most promising. The quantitative results were unsatisfactory, and possible sources of error are discussed. The method, while very convenient, rapid and labour-saving, is not sufficiently standardised to be trustworthy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1938
- Authors: Carter, Austin John
- Date: 1938
- Subjects: Polarographs , Polarography , Potassium , Sodium
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4455 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010434
- Description: The polarographic method has been described, and an attempt made to describe the difficulty of the simultaneous deposition of sodium and potassium. Various methods have been examined, of which precipitation of potassium with magnesium dipicrylaminate seems the most promising. The quantitative results were unsatisfactory, and possible sources of error are discussed. The method, while very convenient, rapid and labour-saving, is not sufficiently standardised to be trustworthy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1938
Preliminary investigation of the molecular pathogenicity determinants of Xanthomonas campestris pv. zeae
- Authors: Downing, T G
- Date: 1998
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4066 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004922
- Description: Xanthomonas campestris pv. zeae was shown to posses a vast range of potential plant cell wall degrading enzymes including at least one protease, a carboxymethylcellulase, pectin lyase, polygalacturonase and a B-endoglucanase. Replicon stability and transfer system efficiencies were determined for a range of oriC, and oriT -tra combinations, and suitable vectors were constructed and identified for insertional inactivation by homologous recombination. Ideal suicide replicons were found to be pACYC184 and p15A, while P, Wand Q group replicons were supported by X campestris pv. zeae. Group P and group N transfer systems were shown to be highly efficient in intra-genus matings between Escherichia coli and X campestris pv. zeae, with the exception of P-tra systems in trans for the delivery of Tn5. Various cloning vectors were tested for stability and mobility. Tn5 was shown to transpose at high frequencies into the genome of the bacterial plant pathogen, and insertion was relatively random. Suitable screening assays were established to allow rapid isolation of mutants with potential virulence or pathogenic deviations, after mutagenesis. Two non-pathogenic mutants were identified, one of which was a putative hrp·, while the other was a leaky virulence. A single mutant showing 40% reduced protease activity was also shown to exhibit reduced virulence indicating a minor role for the protease in pathogenicity. The majority of virulence mutants showed altered growth in different levels of nutritional availability and complexity. Nutritional viability (the ability to acquire and use nutrients at a sufficient rate to grow fast enough to overcome host defences) was shown to be essential for virulence and possibly pathogenicity. Wild-type in-planta behaviour was analysed and growth and spread patterns typical for pathogenic response identified. Chief amongst these was the requirement for a threshold level of cells per leaf area or length, before symptoms could develop. Occlusion of vascular bundles was shown not to be the primary factor in the pathogenicity of X campestris pv. zeae. Threshold levels for lesion development indicate the absence of a diffusable lesion forming element, and possibly the requirement of cell density for induction of certain functions. , KMBT_363
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998
- Authors: Downing, T G
- Date: 1998
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4066 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004922
- Description: Xanthomonas campestris pv. zeae was shown to posses a vast range of potential plant cell wall degrading enzymes including at least one protease, a carboxymethylcellulase, pectin lyase, polygalacturonase and a B-endoglucanase. Replicon stability and transfer system efficiencies were determined for a range of oriC, and oriT -tra combinations, and suitable vectors were constructed and identified for insertional inactivation by homologous recombination. Ideal suicide replicons were found to be pACYC184 and p15A, while P, Wand Q group replicons were supported by X campestris pv. zeae. Group P and group N transfer systems were shown to be highly efficient in intra-genus matings between Escherichia coli and X campestris pv. zeae, with the exception of P-tra systems in trans for the delivery of Tn5. Various cloning vectors were tested for stability and mobility. Tn5 was shown to transpose at high frequencies into the genome of the bacterial plant pathogen, and insertion was relatively random. Suitable screening assays were established to allow rapid isolation of mutants with potential virulence or pathogenic deviations, after mutagenesis. Two non-pathogenic mutants were identified, one of which was a putative hrp·, while the other was a leaky virulence. A single mutant showing 40% reduced protease activity was also shown to exhibit reduced virulence indicating a minor role for the protease in pathogenicity. The majority of virulence mutants showed altered growth in different levels of nutritional availability and complexity. Nutritional viability (the ability to acquire and use nutrients at a sufficient rate to grow fast enough to overcome host defences) was shown to be essential for virulence and possibly pathogenicity. Wild-type in-planta behaviour was analysed and growth and spread patterns typical for pathogenic response identified. Chief amongst these was the requirement for a threshold level of cells per leaf area or length, before symptoms could develop. Occlusion of vascular bundles was shown not to be the primary factor in the pathogenicity of X campestris pv. zeae. Threshold levels for lesion development indicate the absence of a diffusable lesion forming element, and possibly the requirement of cell density for induction of certain functions. , KMBT_363
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998
Resilience factors in low-income families with an autistic child
- Authors: Horak, Alicia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Developmental psychology , Autistic children -- Care , Low-income parents -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16033 , vital:28314
- Description: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of life-long neurodevelopmental disorders. It is an enormous challenge to care for someone with ASD. The majority of people with ASD will need life-long support from family members and will not be able to function independently in society. This places emotional and financial strain on a family. There are many low-income families in South Africa with autistic children who cannot afford specialised intervention. It has been estimated that 135 000 autistic children are not getting the specialized education they need. Despite not receiving the needed support, there are many low-income families who remain resilient after their child is diagnosed. This study aimed to explore how these low-income families remain resilient. Qualitative data was gathered using in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted in English and Afrikaans; depending on the participant’s language of preference. Six participants were recruited with the help of professionals in a local community in Cape Town, Western Cape. The data obtained was transcribed and analysed through thematic analysis. Lincoln and Guba’s model (Krefting, 1990) was used to determine the trustworthiness of the data. The three themes that emerged from the study were (1) parents’ response to the diagnosis of their child, (2) the resources parents found helpful in their immediate environment and (3) the specific coping skills that parents use to remain resilient. Walsh’s family resilience framework as well as the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (The Resiliency Model) of McCubbin and McCubbin were used to understand how participants adjusted to their circumstance and remained resilient. This study provides a more in-depth understanding of the resilience factors of families with a child with ASD in a resource-limited setting in the Western Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Horak, Alicia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Developmental psychology , Autistic children -- Care , Low-income parents -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16033 , vital:28314
- Description: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of life-long neurodevelopmental disorders. It is an enormous challenge to care for someone with ASD. The majority of people with ASD will need life-long support from family members and will not be able to function independently in society. This places emotional and financial strain on a family. There are many low-income families in South Africa with autistic children who cannot afford specialised intervention. It has been estimated that 135 000 autistic children are not getting the specialized education they need. Despite not receiving the needed support, there are many low-income families who remain resilient after their child is diagnosed. This study aimed to explore how these low-income families remain resilient. Qualitative data was gathered using in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted in English and Afrikaans; depending on the participant’s language of preference. Six participants were recruited with the help of professionals in a local community in Cape Town, Western Cape. The data obtained was transcribed and analysed through thematic analysis. Lincoln and Guba’s model (Krefting, 1990) was used to determine the trustworthiness of the data. The three themes that emerged from the study were (1) parents’ response to the diagnosis of their child, (2) the resources parents found helpful in their immediate environment and (3) the specific coping skills that parents use to remain resilient. Walsh’s family resilience framework as well as the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (The Resiliency Model) of McCubbin and McCubbin were used to understand how participants adjusted to their circumstance and remained resilient. This study provides a more in-depth understanding of the resilience factors of families with a child with ASD in a resource-limited setting in the Western Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A survey of employee preferences in the design of a performance management system
- Authors: Keshave, Hiten
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:863 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021180
- Description: This thesis begins with an introduction to performance management and the intended aim and objective of the research. Thereafter literature findings relative to performance management and performance management systems are discussed. In the review of literature, three processes that could be implemented in a performance management system were highlighted, namely; (1) the planning process, (2) the monitoring and development process, and (3) an annual summative and feedback process. Performance management functions deemed important to employees during each process of the performance management system were identified and discussed. Subsequent to the literature review, the research methodology was described and involved the implementation of quantitative research within a post-positivist paradigm in the form of a close-ended survey questionnaire. Analysis of the data involved a gap analysis and needs analysis. The gap analysis study was based on the opinion of management respondents in comparison to the opinion of non-management respondents. Results of the gap analysis were determined based on the calculation of an importance score for each sub-group. The needs analysis study was based on the overall opinion of all respondents, and results were determined based on the calculation of an overall importance score. In light of the literature review that was conducted to inform the questionnaire design, the survey results supported the literature review of each discussed performance management function with no evident contradictions. The results of the gap analysis and needs analysis were satisfactorily met for each performance management function. On the basis of these findings, it was assumed that all the performance management functions identified in the literature are important and could be implemented in the design of a performance management system. The results highlighted the importance of a performance plan and development plan to underpin the performance management system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Keshave, Hiten
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:863 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021180
- Description: This thesis begins with an introduction to performance management and the intended aim and objective of the research. Thereafter literature findings relative to performance management and performance management systems are discussed. In the review of literature, three processes that could be implemented in a performance management system were highlighted, namely; (1) the planning process, (2) the monitoring and development process, and (3) an annual summative and feedback process. Performance management functions deemed important to employees during each process of the performance management system were identified and discussed. Subsequent to the literature review, the research methodology was described and involved the implementation of quantitative research within a post-positivist paradigm in the form of a close-ended survey questionnaire. Analysis of the data involved a gap analysis and needs analysis. The gap analysis study was based on the opinion of management respondents in comparison to the opinion of non-management respondents. Results of the gap analysis were determined based on the calculation of an importance score for each sub-group. The needs analysis study was based on the overall opinion of all respondents, and results were determined based on the calculation of an overall importance score. In light of the literature review that was conducted to inform the questionnaire design, the survey results supported the literature review of each discussed performance management function with no evident contradictions. The results of the gap analysis and needs analysis were satisfactorily met for each performance management function. On the basis of these findings, it was assumed that all the performance management functions identified in the literature are important and could be implemented in the design of a performance management system. The results highlighted the importance of a performance plan and development plan to underpin the performance management system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The effects of father absenteeism on the development of a masculine identity of young Xhosa men in an urban township
- Authors: Kibi, Aluta
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Absentee fathers -- South Africa , Men -- Identity , Masculinity , Men -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22332 , vital:29944
- Description: The absence of a biological father in a family system is associated with a myriad of familial and societal problems. Although father absenteeism affects the entire family system, boys raised in the absence of a paternal figure appear to be the most affected especially when they belong to patriarchal cultures. Among the many important roles played by a father in his son’s development he plays a significant role in modelling a culture specific masculinity. This masculinity enables him to effectively navigate the social spaces to acceptance from others within his culture. In his absence, boys look elsewhere for masculinity models some of which may be damaging to the males identity. Although there is substantial research on masculinity there is however paucity of research on how young Xhosa men develop a masculine identity in the absence of a paternal figure. This study sought to elucidate common themes through semi-structured interviews with young Xhosa men in navigating a masculine identity for themselves in the absence of a biological father. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants for this study. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data, using Tesch’s method. The results of the study are beneficial to absent fathers, single mothers raising boy children and cultural leaders.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kibi, Aluta
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Absentee fathers -- South Africa , Men -- Identity , Masculinity , Men -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22332 , vital:29944
- Description: The absence of a biological father in a family system is associated with a myriad of familial and societal problems. Although father absenteeism affects the entire family system, boys raised in the absence of a paternal figure appear to be the most affected especially when they belong to patriarchal cultures. Among the many important roles played by a father in his son’s development he plays a significant role in modelling a culture specific masculinity. This masculinity enables him to effectively navigate the social spaces to acceptance from others within his culture. In his absence, boys look elsewhere for masculinity models some of which may be damaging to the males identity. Although there is substantial research on masculinity there is however paucity of research on how young Xhosa men develop a masculine identity in the absence of a paternal figure. This study sought to elucidate common themes through semi-structured interviews with young Xhosa men in navigating a masculine identity for themselves in the absence of a biological father. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants for this study. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data, using Tesch’s method. The results of the study are beneficial to absent fathers, single mothers raising boy children and cultural leaders.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The investigation of chemical variation in the stems and rhizomes of cissampelos capensis l. f. (menispermaceae) the Eastern Cape medicinal plant
- Authors: Latolla, Nehemiah Solomon
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Plants -- Composition Medicinal plants Endemic plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13970 , vital:27362
- Description: Cissampelos capensis L. f. (Menispermaceae) commonly known as “Mayisake” (Xhosa) and “Dawidjieswortel” (Afrikaans) is the most commonly used medicinal plant of the Menispermaceae family in South Africa. The rhizomes of Cissampelos capensis are the most used part of the plant to treat illnesses. This poses a threat to the ongoing conservation of this valuable endemic species. Thus, we studied the chemical variation and subsequently the bioactivity in the stems and rhizomes of Cissampelos capensis, the Eastern Cape medicinal plant, to suggest the possible use of the stems for medicinal purposes. We studied the variation in the chemical composition in the stems and the rhizomes by employing four different extraction methods; the methanolic-, non-polar-, alkaloidal- and Total Tertiary Alkaloidal (TTA) to extract compounds from Cissampelos capensis. Employing various chromatographic techniques, HPLC, NMR and LC/MS to investigate the chemical variation and the in vitro assays for the crude materials of the stems and rhizomes of Cissampelos capensis. We successfully documented a library of the phytochemicals content in Cissampelos capensis from three different regions in the Eastern Cape. We could profile different extraction methods, with the TTA extraction delivering the best comparative profile. Employing LC/MS and HPLC we identified eleven known alkaloidal compounds in the stems and rhizomes. We also isolated a known alkaloid, pronuciferine, from the TTA extract and a crystal structure of proto-quericitol from the methanolic extract, which was isolated for the first time from Cissampelos capensis. Preliminary in vitro results suggested anti-inflammatory activity in the methanolic extracts of the stems and rhizomes, while the TTA extracts showed some cytotoxicity. Finally, through analytical HPLC analysis this study found as high as 31% similarity between the chemical variation of the stems and rhizomes, but key alkaloids were not always present, indicating more work is needed before the stems can be recommended as a replacement for the rhizomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Latolla, Nehemiah Solomon
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Plants -- Composition Medicinal plants Endemic plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13970 , vital:27362
- Description: Cissampelos capensis L. f. (Menispermaceae) commonly known as “Mayisake” (Xhosa) and “Dawidjieswortel” (Afrikaans) is the most commonly used medicinal plant of the Menispermaceae family in South Africa. The rhizomes of Cissampelos capensis are the most used part of the plant to treat illnesses. This poses a threat to the ongoing conservation of this valuable endemic species. Thus, we studied the chemical variation and subsequently the bioactivity in the stems and rhizomes of Cissampelos capensis, the Eastern Cape medicinal plant, to suggest the possible use of the stems for medicinal purposes. We studied the variation in the chemical composition in the stems and the rhizomes by employing four different extraction methods; the methanolic-, non-polar-, alkaloidal- and Total Tertiary Alkaloidal (TTA) to extract compounds from Cissampelos capensis. Employing various chromatographic techniques, HPLC, NMR and LC/MS to investigate the chemical variation and the in vitro assays for the crude materials of the stems and rhizomes of Cissampelos capensis. We successfully documented a library of the phytochemicals content in Cissampelos capensis from three different regions in the Eastern Cape. We could profile different extraction methods, with the TTA extraction delivering the best comparative profile. Employing LC/MS and HPLC we identified eleven known alkaloidal compounds in the stems and rhizomes. We also isolated a known alkaloid, pronuciferine, from the TTA extract and a crystal structure of proto-quericitol from the methanolic extract, which was isolated for the first time from Cissampelos capensis. Preliminary in vitro results suggested anti-inflammatory activity in the methanolic extracts of the stems and rhizomes, while the TTA extracts showed some cytotoxicity. Finally, through analytical HPLC analysis this study found as high as 31% similarity between the chemical variation of the stems and rhizomes, but key alkaloids were not always present, indicating more work is needed before the stems can be recommended as a replacement for the rhizomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Experiences of professional nurses regarding the use of mobile technology for accessing information at the point of care clinical decision making
- Authors: Lindi, Ntombizodwa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Nursing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Mobile communication systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural health services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45399 , vital:38613
- Description: The research has provided valuable insight into the experiences of professional nurses regarding use of mobile technology for accessing health information at the point of care in clinical decision making at rural primary health clinics. The ability to access health information enabled them to render accurate and safe patient care. Recommendations were made with regard to nursing practice, education and research. Innovative strategies such as the use of mobile technology have been employed in order to access health information at the point of care for clinical decision making in 2012 in the rural primary health care clinics by the Department of Health in the Eastern Cape Province. Retrieval of information from mobile technology is perceived as being useful for clinical decision making and could result in positive patient outcomes. In this study the researcher explored and described the professional nurses’ experiences of using smart for accessing information in clinical decision making at rural primary health care clinics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Lindi, Ntombizodwa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Nursing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Mobile communication systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural health services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45399 , vital:38613
- Description: The research has provided valuable insight into the experiences of professional nurses regarding use of mobile technology for accessing health information at the point of care in clinical decision making at rural primary health clinics. The ability to access health information enabled them to render accurate and safe patient care. Recommendations were made with regard to nursing practice, education and research. Innovative strategies such as the use of mobile technology have been employed in order to access health information at the point of care for clinical decision making in 2012 in the rural primary health care clinics by the Department of Health in the Eastern Cape Province. Retrieval of information from mobile technology is perceived as being useful for clinical decision making and could result in positive patient outcomes. In this study the researcher explored and described the professional nurses’ experiences of using smart for accessing information in clinical decision making at rural primary health care clinics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Aspects of fuzzy spaces with special reference to cardinality, dimension, and order-homomorphisms
- Authors: Lubczonok, Pawel
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Fuzzy sets Topological spaces
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5399 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005213
- Description: Aspects of fuzzy vector spaces and fuzzy groups are investigated, including linear independence, basis, dimension, group order, finitely generated groups and cyclic groups. It was necessary to consider cardinality of fuzzy sets and related issues, which included a question of ways in which to define functions between fuzzy sets. Among the results proved, are the additivity property of dimension for fuzzy vector spaces, Lagrange's Theorem for fuzzy groups ( the existing version of this theorem does not take fuzziness into account at all), a compactness property of finitely generated fuzzy groups and an extension of an earlier result on the order-homomorphisms. An open question is posed with regard to the existence of a basis for an arbitrary fuzzy vector space.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Lubczonok, Pawel
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Fuzzy sets Topological spaces
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5399 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005213
- Description: Aspects of fuzzy vector spaces and fuzzy groups are investigated, including linear independence, basis, dimension, group order, finitely generated groups and cyclic groups. It was necessary to consider cardinality of fuzzy sets and related issues, which included a question of ways in which to define functions between fuzzy sets. Among the results proved, are the additivity property of dimension for fuzzy vector spaces, Lagrange's Theorem for fuzzy groups ( the existing version of this theorem does not take fuzziness into account at all), a compactness property of finitely generated fuzzy groups and an extension of an earlier result on the order-homomorphisms. An open question is posed with regard to the existence of a basis for an arbitrary fuzzy vector space.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
An investigation into the popularity of the Zimbabwean tabloid newspaper, uMthunywa: a reception study of Bulawayo readers
- Authors: Mabweazara, Hayes Mawindi
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: uMthunywa (Zimbabwe) Tabloid newspapers -- Zimbabwe Journalism -- Zimbabwe Newspapers -- Marketing -- Zimbabwe Mass media -- Social aspects -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002908
- Description: The development of the tabloid press has stirred heated debate among media scholars. Critics have argued against the relevance of tabloids in society, often framing them as the ‘journalistic other’ deserving no place in ‘serious’ journalism. Much of this criticism, however, has not been based on a close interrogation of the phenomenon, or an examination of the reasons for their popularity amongst readers. It is against this background that this study investigates the reasons behind the popularity of the Zimbabwean state-controlled tabloid newspaper uMthunywa, among its Bulawayo readers. In particular, it explores the meanings obtained from the content of the paper and the relevance of this content to the readers’ everyday lives. In undertaking this investigation, the study draws primarily on qualitative research methods, particularly qualitative content analysis and in-depth interviews (both group and individual). As the study demonstrates, these methods uncover the complex manner in which Bulawayo readers are attracted to uMthunywa and how they appropriate its textual meanings to their lived realities. The study establishes that despite uMthunywa being state-controlled, it offers space through which the conventional ways of presenting reality are challenged, and the importance of the newspaper being written in isiNdebele. As the study indicates, the popularity of the newspaper is largely dependent on its excessive formulaic and sensational stories, which cover issues experienced by its readers in their lived circumstances. The study thus argues that the newspaper constitutes an alternative mediated public sphere that finds space in the deeper social conditions that have alienated the people of Bulawayo from the macropolitical life of the nation and the ‘power bloc’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Mabweazara, Hayes Mawindi
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: uMthunywa (Zimbabwe) Tabloid newspapers -- Zimbabwe Journalism -- Zimbabwe Newspapers -- Marketing -- Zimbabwe Mass media -- Social aspects -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002908
- Description: The development of the tabloid press has stirred heated debate among media scholars. Critics have argued against the relevance of tabloids in society, often framing them as the ‘journalistic other’ deserving no place in ‘serious’ journalism. Much of this criticism, however, has not been based on a close interrogation of the phenomenon, or an examination of the reasons for their popularity amongst readers. It is against this background that this study investigates the reasons behind the popularity of the Zimbabwean state-controlled tabloid newspaper uMthunywa, among its Bulawayo readers. In particular, it explores the meanings obtained from the content of the paper and the relevance of this content to the readers’ everyday lives. In undertaking this investigation, the study draws primarily on qualitative research methods, particularly qualitative content analysis and in-depth interviews (both group and individual). As the study demonstrates, these methods uncover the complex manner in which Bulawayo readers are attracted to uMthunywa and how they appropriate its textual meanings to their lived realities. The study establishes that despite uMthunywa being state-controlled, it offers space through which the conventional ways of presenting reality are challenged, and the importance of the newspaper being written in isiNdebele. As the study indicates, the popularity of the newspaper is largely dependent on its excessive formulaic and sensational stories, which cover issues experienced by its readers in their lived circumstances. The study thus argues that the newspaper constitutes an alternative mediated public sphere that finds space in the deeper social conditions that have alienated the people of Bulawayo from the macropolitical life of the nation and the ‘power bloc’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
An exploration of leadership attributes for good governance in selected public community learning centres in the Eastern Cape province
- Madikiza-Sambane, Ndiliwe Christabell
- Authors: Madikiza-Sambane, Ndiliwe Christabell
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Human services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Political leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13403 , vital:39658
- Description: The success of any government depends on its leadership’s efficiency and effectiveness in ensuring that government’s vision is realized. It therefore becomes important that all public administration activities are in line with the elements of good governance as reflected on the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. These elements include, among others, responsiveness to the needs of the public, accountability, public participation, equity, effectiveness and efficiency. Leadership attributes play a pivotal role in this regard, as all leaders are expected to be able to give guidance and direction towards the vision of government, good communicators, have humble confidence and display exemplary behavior to be successful in their leadership responsibilities. This includes leaders who are assigned responsibilities at all levels and sectors, both in public and private institutions. The purpose of this study therefore, was to explore leadership attributes for good governance in selected Public Community Learning Centres (PCLCs) in the Eastern Cape Province and its focus was in Libode District. It sought to answer a number of questions relating to community participation, policy formulation and implementation, problem solving and the envisaged solutions to address the problems that enhance good governance in the PCLCs. The study is viewed as significant in assisting the process of putting new systems in place for the implementation of new approaches in adult education. The extensive literature review that was conducted before the study resumed contributed tremendously in the success of the study as it provided more insight to the study. The qualitative approach was mainly used and the data was collected through self- administered questionnaires, interviews and observation. The findings of the study revealed challenges that exist with regards to leadership attributes and the enhancement of good governance in Public Community Learning Centres. All participating Ward Councillors (the community leaders) expressed their ignorance about what is happening in the PCLCs. However, they expressed their willingness to work together with the centres for the benefit of all community members within their wards. The recommendations of the study are based on the problems revealed in the findings and provide solutions and answers to the research questions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Madikiza-Sambane, Ndiliwe Christabell
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Human services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Political leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13403 , vital:39658
- Description: The success of any government depends on its leadership’s efficiency and effectiveness in ensuring that government’s vision is realized. It therefore becomes important that all public administration activities are in line with the elements of good governance as reflected on the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. These elements include, among others, responsiveness to the needs of the public, accountability, public participation, equity, effectiveness and efficiency. Leadership attributes play a pivotal role in this regard, as all leaders are expected to be able to give guidance and direction towards the vision of government, good communicators, have humble confidence and display exemplary behavior to be successful in their leadership responsibilities. This includes leaders who are assigned responsibilities at all levels and sectors, both in public and private institutions. The purpose of this study therefore, was to explore leadership attributes for good governance in selected Public Community Learning Centres (PCLCs) in the Eastern Cape Province and its focus was in Libode District. It sought to answer a number of questions relating to community participation, policy formulation and implementation, problem solving and the envisaged solutions to address the problems that enhance good governance in the PCLCs. The study is viewed as significant in assisting the process of putting new systems in place for the implementation of new approaches in adult education. The extensive literature review that was conducted before the study resumed contributed tremendously in the success of the study as it provided more insight to the study. The qualitative approach was mainly used and the data was collected through self- administered questionnaires, interviews and observation. The findings of the study revealed challenges that exist with regards to leadership attributes and the enhancement of good governance in Public Community Learning Centres. All participating Ward Councillors (the community leaders) expressed their ignorance about what is happening in the PCLCs. However, they expressed their willingness to work together with the centres for the benefit of all community members within their wards. The recommendations of the study are based on the problems revealed in the findings and provide solutions and answers to the research questions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Volatility and the risk return relationship on the South African equity market
- Authors: Mandimika, Neville
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Stock exchanges , Financial risk -- South Africa , Saving and investment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1009 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002744 , Stock exchanges , Financial risk -- South Africa , Saving and investment -- South Africa
- Description: The volatility of stock markets has important implications for investment decision making, financial stability and overall macroeconomic stability. This study examines the risk-return relationship as well as the behaviour of volatility of the South African equity markets using both aggregate, industrial level and sector level data. The study is divided into three parts. The first part investigates the behaviour of volatility in each of the industries, sectors and the benchmark series focussing on whether volatility is symmetric or asymmetric. Subsequently we investigate which, among the GARCH family of models appropriately captured the riskreturn relationship under which distributional assumption. The second part examines the riskreturn relationship on the SA stock market. The third part examines the long term trend of volatility and whether volatility significantly increases during financial crises and during major global shocks. The GARCH-M, EGARCH-M and TARCH-M models under the Gaussian, Student –t and the GED are used. The findings this study makes are as follows: firstly, there is no clear relationship between risk and return. Secondly, volatility is asymmetrical, implying that bad news has a greater effect on volatility than good news in the South African equity market. Thirdly, the TARCH-M model under the GED was found to be the most appropriate model. Fourthly, volatility increases during financial crises and major global shocks. Overall, volatility is generally not priced on the South African equity markets. Thus, both local and international investors need to consider other factors that influence returns such as skewness. The general increase in volatility during financial crises and major global shocks poses a major concern for policy makers as this may cause financial instability. Thus policy makers need to be mindful of the behaviour of volatility in the South African equity market in response to external shocks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mandimika, Neville
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Stock exchanges , Financial risk -- South Africa , Saving and investment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1009 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002744 , Stock exchanges , Financial risk -- South Africa , Saving and investment -- South Africa
- Description: The volatility of stock markets has important implications for investment decision making, financial stability and overall macroeconomic stability. This study examines the risk-return relationship as well as the behaviour of volatility of the South African equity markets using both aggregate, industrial level and sector level data. The study is divided into three parts. The first part investigates the behaviour of volatility in each of the industries, sectors and the benchmark series focussing on whether volatility is symmetric or asymmetric. Subsequently we investigate which, among the GARCH family of models appropriately captured the riskreturn relationship under which distributional assumption. The second part examines the riskreturn relationship on the SA stock market. The third part examines the long term trend of volatility and whether volatility significantly increases during financial crises and during major global shocks. The GARCH-M, EGARCH-M and TARCH-M models under the Gaussian, Student –t and the GED are used. The findings this study makes are as follows: firstly, there is no clear relationship between risk and return. Secondly, volatility is asymmetrical, implying that bad news has a greater effect on volatility than good news in the South African equity market. Thirdly, the TARCH-M model under the GED was found to be the most appropriate model. Fourthly, volatility increases during financial crises and major global shocks. Overall, volatility is generally not priced on the South African equity markets. Thus, both local and international investors need to consider other factors that influence returns such as skewness. The general increase in volatility during financial crises and major global shocks poses a major concern for policy makers as this may cause financial instability. Thus policy makers need to be mindful of the behaviour of volatility in the South African equity market in response to external shocks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Pharmacological Evaluation and Medicinal Potential of Vachellia Karroo (Hayne) Banfi & Galasso Pods traditionally used to treat Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Authors: Maposa, Sandisiwe
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/14583 , vital:40017
- Description: Vachellia karroo is widely used in folk medicine in the Eastern Cape Province South Africa, however, the pods are usually discarded as waste. The current study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity of V. karroo pods. The pods were extracted using acetone, distilled water, hexane and methanol. The total phenol, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, alkaloid and saponin contents of the various extracts were determined spectrometrically and antioxidant activity was evaluated using inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2´-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO) radicals, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was estimated by the phosphomolybdenum assay. V. karro pods had significant amounts of total phenols, flavonoids and proanthocynadin, although, proanthocynadin was not detected in the aqueous and hexane extracts. Methanol and acetone extracts showed higher phenolic, proanthocynadin and flavonoids contents (52.47 ± 6.82 and 29.31 ± 1.49), (334.8±85.1 and 231.22 ±1.80),(288±4.26 & 208.2±17.7) compared to the aqueous and hexane extracts. The alkaloid and saponin contents were 26.67 and 12.85 % respectively. The IC50 values of the methanol extract for DPPH, ABTS and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were 0.345, 0.017 and 0.116 mg/mL, respectively. Methanol extract of V. karroo pod showed higher polyphenolic content of all the extracts analysed with corresponding strong free radical scavenging potential. These underutilized pods could serve as a new source of antioxidant compounds which could help in combating various ailments. The great antioxidant activity displayed by V. karroo pods extract supports the therapeutic use of this plant in traditional medicine and are attributed to the phytochemical content.The current information suggests that extracts from Vachellia karroo pods might be a ix cheap potential source of natural antioxidants that could be of great importance for the treatment of free radical related diseases. Furthermore, it makes a case for the utilization of the pods instead of discarding them as waste materials. The evaluation of antimicrobial potential of Vachellia karroo extracts was carried out using agar dilution assay against 8 bacterial strains-4 gram-positive [ Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (OK), Bacillus subtilis KZN, Bacillus cereus, and Streptococcus pyogenes] and 4 gram-negative strains[ Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 4352), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19582), Salmonella typhi (OK) ]. Six fungal isolates[ Trichophyton mucoides ATCC 201382, Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Candida glabatra, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillum aurantiogriseum] were usedor antifungal assessment. The methanol extract exhibited broad-spectrum activity, with Gram-positive strains being more sensitive than Gram-negative strains. The extracts also showed great inhibition against Candida albicans the fungal isolate responsible for causing candidiasis in women. Since the pods showed promising antimicrobial activity, they could serve as a cheap source for the treatment and management of these sexually transmitted infections. The brine shrimp toxicity test revealed successful hatching of the cysts was in the order: Aqueous extract> methanol extract> hexane extract> acetone extract. The hatching of nauplii was in a concentration dependent fashion, with hatching success decreasing with increase in concentration of extracts. Lethality of extracts determined based on Meyerʼs index of toxicity, showed that the acetone and hexane extracts of V. karroo were moderately toxic. The results of this study indicated that aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vachellia karroo pods were not toxic, therefore supporting its traditional therapeutic usage. This implies that rather than discard x the pods as is waste as it being currently done, Vachellia karroo pods could be salvaged and processed along with the leaves, thus reducing environmental pollution. Proximate parameters (moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, proteins, and carbohydrate) were evaluated using ALASA methods, and elemental analysis by ICP-OES technique. Nutritional analysis showed that V. karroo pods had low content of crude fat and high content of crude fibre, ash, crude protein, and carbohydrate sufficient to meet the recommended dietary allowances. The pods were rich in major minerals Ca, K, P and Mg, with sufficient amount of trace elements Na, Fe, Zn, and Cu. The outcome of this study suggests that Vachellia karroo pods have good nutritional potentials to support or complement the recommended dietary allowance and could be a cheap source of essential nutrients that could help in ameliorating most nutritional challenges as well as contribute remarkably to the amount of nutrient intake in human and animal diets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Maposa, Sandisiwe
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/14583 , vital:40017
- Description: Vachellia karroo is widely used in folk medicine in the Eastern Cape Province South Africa, however, the pods are usually discarded as waste. The current study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity of V. karroo pods. The pods were extracted using acetone, distilled water, hexane and methanol. The total phenol, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, alkaloid and saponin contents of the various extracts were determined spectrometrically and antioxidant activity was evaluated using inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2´-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO) radicals, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was estimated by the phosphomolybdenum assay. V. karro pods had significant amounts of total phenols, flavonoids and proanthocynadin, although, proanthocynadin was not detected in the aqueous and hexane extracts. Methanol and acetone extracts showed higher phenolic, proanthocynadin and flavonoids contents (52.47 ± 6.82 and 29.31 ± 1.49), (334.8±85.1 and 231.22 ±1.80),(288±4.26 & 208.2±17.7) compared to the aqueous and hexane extracts. The alkaloid and saponin contents were 26.67 and 12.85 % respectively. The IC50 values of the methanol extract for DPPH, ABTS and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were 0.345, 0.017 and 0.116 mg/mL, respectively. Methanol extract of V. karroo pod showed higher polyphenolic content of all the extracts analysed with corresponding strong free radical scavenging potential. These underutilized pods could serve as a new source of antioxidant compounds which could help in combating various ailments. The great antioxidant activity displayed by V. karroo pods extract supports the therapeutic use of this plant in traditional medicine and are attributed to the phytochemical content.The current information suggests that extracts from Vachellia karroo pods might be a ix cheap potential source of natural antioxidants that could be of great importance for the treatment of free radical related diseases. Furthermore, it makes a case for the utilization of the pods instead of discarding them as waste materials. The evaluation of antimicrobial potential of Vachellia karroo extracts was carried out using agar dilution assay against 8 bacterial strains-4 gram-positive [ Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (OK), Bacillus subtilis KZN, Bacillus cereus, and Streptococcus pyogenes] and 4 gram-negative strains[ Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 4352), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19582), Salmonella typhi (OK) ]. Six fungal isolates[ Trichophyton mucoides ATCC 201382, Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Candida glabatra, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillum aurantiogriseum] were usedor antifungal assessment. The methanol extract exhibited broad-spectrum activity, with Gram-positive strains being more sensitive than Gram-negative strains. The extracts also showed great inhibition against Candida albicans the fungal isolate responsible for causing candidiasis in women. Since the pods showed promising antimicrobial activity, they could serve as a cheap source for the treatment and management of these sexually transmitted infections. The brine shrimp toxicity test revealed successful hatching of the cysts was in the order: Aqueous extract> methanol extract> hexane extract> acetone extract. The hatching of nauplii was in a concentration dependent fashion, with hatching success decreasing with increase in concentration of extracts. Lethality of extracts determined based on Meyerʼs index of toxicity, showed that the acetone and hexane extracts of V. karroo were moderately toxic. The results of this study indicated that aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vachellia karroo pods were not toxic, therefore supporting its traditional therapeutic usage. This implies that rather than discard x the pods as is waste as it being currently done, Vachellia karroo pods could be salvaged and processed along with the leaves, thus reducing environmental pollution. Proximate parameters (moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, proteins, and carbohydrate) were evaluated using ALASA methods, and elemental analysis by ICP-OES technique. Nutritional analysis showed that V. karroo pods had low content of crude fat and high content of crude fibre, ash, crude protein, and carbohydrate sufficient to meet the recommended dietary allowances. The pods were rich in major minerals Ca, K, P and Mg, with sufficient amount of trace elements Na, Fe, Zn, and Cu. The outcome of this study suggests that Vachellia karroo pods have good nutritional potentials to support or complement the recommended dietary allowance and could be a cheap source of essential nutrients that could help in ameliorating most nutritional challenges as well as contribute remarkably to the amount of nutrient intake in human and animal diets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Production of Indigenous Leafy Vegetables (ILVs) and their contribution to household food security: evidence from Coffee Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Mayekiso Anele
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Food security , Edible greens , Vegetable gardening -- South Africa , Food -- Preservation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/712 , vital:26490 , Food security , Edible greens , Vegetable gardening -- South Africa , Food -- Preservation
- Description: This study used cross-sectional survey data to estimate farmers` perceptions of, and commonly cultivated ILVs, factors that influence the participation of smallholder famers in the production of Indigenous Leafy Vegetables and its contribution to household food security]. With regard to farmers` perceptions of ILVs, descriptive results reveal that a majority of the people from the study area share positive perceptions with respect to ILVs. Regression estimates for determinants of participation indicate that the production of ILVs is primarily conditioned by shared perceptions and institutional factors rather than the socio-economic attributes of farmers. Public policies that address the institutional framework (extension, credit, market and social networks) in favour of ILVs are more likely to promote production. Also, more research on the documentation and benefits of ILVs, supported by investments targeting educational campaigns towards promoting positive attitudes and dispelling fears and myths surrounding ILVs, will further promote production. With reference to the contribution of ILVs to food security, descriptive results indicate that participation in the production of ILVs leads to a higher HDDS and a lower HFIAS. Regression estimates further revealed that participation positively contributes to a higher HDDS and a lower HFIAS, suggesting that households who participate in the production of ILVs are more likely to be food secure than non-participants. Therefore, participation in the production of ILVs has significant potential to address household food security.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mayekiso Anele
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Food security , Edible greens , Vegetable gardening -- South Africa , Food -- Preservation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/712 , vital:26490 , Food security , Edible greens , Vegetable gardening -- South Africa , Food -- Preservation
- Description: This study used cross-sectional survey data to estimate farmers` perceptions of, and commonly cultivated ILVs, factors that influence the participation of smallholder famers in the production of Indigenous Leafy Vegetables and its contribution to household food security]. With regard to farmers` perceptions of ILVs, descriptive results reveal that a majority of the people from the study area share positive perceptions with respect to ILVs. Regression estimates for determinants of participation indicate that the production of ILVs is primarily conditioned by shared perceptions and institutional factors rather than the socio-economic attributes of farmers. Public policies that address the institutional framework (extension, credit, market and social networks) in favour of ILVs are more likely to promote production. Also, more research on the documentation and benefits of ILVs, supported by investments targeting educational campaigns towards promoting positive attitudes and dispelling fears and myths surrounding ILVs, will further promote production. With reference to the contribution of ILVs to food security, descriptive results indicate that participation in the production of ILVs leads to a higher HDDS and a lower HFIAS. Regression estimates further revealed that participation positively contributes to a higher HDDS and a lower HFIAS, suggesting that households who participate in the production of ILVs are more likely to be food secure than non-participants. Therefore, participation in the production of ILVs has significant potential to address household food security.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Muscle nanostructure and physicochemical characteristics of South African A and AB mutton classes
- Authors: Mdikili, Zizipho
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Meat -- Quality -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , (MSc) (Animal Science)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12005 , vital:39126
- Description: Significant variations exist in quality of red meat due to the effect of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Research has been conducted in early 1990s to prove that carcasses from A and AB classes differ in meat quality due to age variation. This led to a conclusion that the two should be separated in the South African Red meat Classification System (SARCS). However, an interesting debate arose from a carcass classification workshop that A and AB meat classes have the same quality and thus must be integrated into one class in the carcass classification system. In addition, as much as it can be debated that these classes have the same quality, it is also possible that slight differences exist between the two since they are from different age groups. The current study was therefore developed and two trials were conducted to evaluate the impact of age differences on physicochemical attributes and muscle nanostructure of A and AB classes in sheep. In the first trial a total of ninety (n=90) Dorper sheep of the same sex but different age groups slaughtered at a high throughput abattoir in the Eastern Cape province were used to evaluate meat ultimate pH (pH24), colour (L* , a* , b* , H* , C* ), thawing loss (TL%), cooking loss (CL%) and tenderness (Warner Bratzler Shear Force - WBSF) of A and AB classes, whereas, on the second trial forty (n=40) Dorper sheep were used to evaluate muscle nanostructure and its relationship with tenderness. Meat samples were harvested from the Muscularis longissimuss thoracis et lumborum (LTL) for v meat quality and nanostructure measurements. The results showed significant variations (P<0.05) between the two classes for lean a* , H* and CL%. Significant differences (P<0.01) were observed in pH24, TL% and WBSF between A and AB classes. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) observed in meat L*, b* and C * . Ultimate pH was negatively correlated with thawing loss and some colorimetric attributes of lamb such as lightness, yellowness and hue angle. Moreover, tenderness was positively correlated with cooking and thawing losses. Significant differences were not (P>0.05) observed in sarcomere length, myofibrilar diameter and shear force between A and AB classes. Both sarcomere length and myofibrilar diameter were not correlated (P>0.05) with meat tenderness. These results suggest that A and AB classes are the same in nanostructure and that muscle nanostructure of these two classes is not related to meat tenderness. It was concluded that meat from sheep carcasses falling under the A and AB classes in the South African classification system vary greatly in physicochemical quality. Moreover, sheep carcasses from A and AB classes have the same sarcomere lengths and hence, they do not differ in meat tenderness (WBSF). However, when these classes were observed under a microscope, slight differences were noted in sarcomere lengths and myofibrilar diameters, which led to a conclusion that the two should remain as separated classes because their combination would result in the expansion of the non-uniformity of red meat tenderness. Therefore, A and AB classes should not be combined in the South African classification system. Further research is, however, recommended to evaluate the influence of other factors that were not examined in the current study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mdikili, Zizipho
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Meat -- Quality -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , (MSc) (Animal Science)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12005 , vital:39126
- Description: Significant variations exist in quality of red meat due to the effect of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Research has been conducted in early 1990s to prove that carcasses from A and AB classes differ in meat quality due to age variation. This led to a conclusion that the two should be separated in the South African Red meat Classification System (SARCS). However, an interesting debate arose from a carcass classification workshop that A and AB meat classes have the same quality and thus must be integrated into one class in the carcass classification system. In addition, as much as it can be debated that these classes have the same quality, it is also possible that slight differences exist between the two since they are from different age groups. The current study was therefore developed and two trials were conducted to evaluate the impact of age differences on physicochemical attributes and muscle nanostructure of A and AB classes in sheep. In the first trial a total of ninety (n=90) Dorper sheep of the same sex but different age groups slaughtered at a high throughput abattoir in the Eastern Cape province were used to evaluate meat ultimate pH (pH24), colour (L* , a* , b* , H* , C* ), thawing loss (TL%), cooking loss (CL%) and tenderness (Warner Bratzler Shear Force - WBSF) of A and AB classes, whereas, on the second trial forty (n=40) Dorper sheep were used to evaluate muscle nanostructure and its relationship with tenderness. Meat samples were harvested from the Muscularis longissimuss thoracis et lumborum (LTL) for v meat quality and nanostructure measurements. The results showed significant variations (P<0.05) between the two classes for lean a* , H* and CL%. Significant differences (P<0.01) were observed in pH24, TL% and WBSF between A and AB classes. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) observed in meat L*, b* and C * . Ultimate pH was negatively correlated with thawing loss and some colorimetric attributes of lamb such as lightness, yellowness and hue angle. Moreover, tenderness was positively correlated with cooking and thawing losses. Significant differences were not (P>0.05) observed in sarcomere length, myofibrilar diameter and shear force between A and AB classes. Both sarcomere length and myofibrilar diameter were not correlated (P>0.05) with meat tenderness. These results suggest that A and AB classes are the same in nanostructure and that muscle nanostructure of these two classes is not related to meat tenderness. It was concluded that meat from sheep carcasses falling under the A and AB classes in the South African classification system vary greatly in physicochemical quality. Moreover, sheep carcasses from A and AB classes have the same sarcomere lengths and hence, they do not differ in meat tenderness (WBSF). However, when these classes were observed under a microscope, slight differences were noted in sarcomere lengths and myofibrilar diameters, which led to a conclusion that the two should remain as separated classes because their combination would result in the expansion of the non-uniformity of red meat tenderness. Therefore, A and AB classes should not be combined in the South African classification system. Further research is, however, recommended to evaluate the influence of other factors that were not examined in the current study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The design of a new school of architecture for Nelson Mandela University: resurrecting the desolated architecture student
- Authors: Meyer, Mareli
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: College buildings -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plan , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University -- Buildings , Architecture -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39326 , vital:35082
- Description: The Nelson Mandela University (NMU) School of Architecture (SoA) has been operating on the top two floors of the Library building on the NMU South Campus for the past 40 years. Since 2005 Architectural technology and Interior Design have also been operating in the same space. It has become a concern that the space in which these three disciplines operate is not big enough for future growth. As a result, student intake is being capped and the plan to add an Urban and Regional Planning course cannot be executed because there is not enough space to expand. (Dark,2010) (Addendum A & B) This current situation has provided the foundations for the design of a new School of Architecture Building, which will provide adequate space for the future growth of the Department. Further investigation into the current facilities also raise issues of public integration, which becomes a driving idea behind the design of the new school. The research focuses on 1. A critique on architectural education and how spaces can be arranged and articulated to provide a vibrant studio based educational facility that is 2. Integrated into the public realm of a university campus. A Case Study on the existing School of architecture shows that the school has many good features that can be used to design the new school. It suggests that lecture halls can be used as a catalyst for public integration in architecture schools and the large flexible studio space that forms the heart of the school, creates a vibrant interactive learning space in which ideas and art is generated. A precedent study on existing architecture schools is used to establish what the nature of an architecture school is and how the architects have attempted to create well-functioning architecture schools. An Urban Master plan is presented to address the issue of dis-connectivity between the North and South campus of the university. The master plan proposes better connectivity between North and South Campus through a pedestrian boulevard that connects a new forecourt on North Campus to a forecourt on South Campus. The layout and zoning within the urban master plan suggests possible sites for the new structure, based on public activity and accessibility to address the issue of public integration. The SoA will form part of a new forecourt on North Campus which will be an agglomeration of building enclosing a public courtyard of which the Architecture department will form part in becoming the arts precinct on the University Campus. The space in which the current SoA is operating will be used for library facilities, this was the purpose of the space before it was allocated to the Architecture Department for “temporary use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Meyer, Mareli
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: College buildings -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plan , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University -- Buildings , Architecture -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39326 , vital:35082
- Description: The Nelson Mandela University (NMU) School of Architecture (SoA) has been operating on the top two floors of the Library building on the NMU South Campus for the past 40 years. Since 2005 Architectural technology and Interior Design have also been operating in the same space. It has become a concern that the space in which these three disciplines operate is not big enough for future growth. As a result, student intake is being capped and the plan to add an Urban and Regional Planning course cannot be executed because there is not enough space to expand. (Dark,2010) (Addendum A & B) This current situation has provided the foundations for the design of a new School of Architecture Building, which will provide adequate space for the future growth of the Department. Further investigation into the current facilities also raise issues of public integration, which becomes a driving idea behind the design of the new school. The research focuses on 1. A critique on architectural education and how spaces can be arranged and articulated to provide a vibrant studio based educational facility that is 2. Integrated into the public realm of a university campus. A Case Study on the existing School of architecture shows that the school has many good features that can be used to design the new school. It suggests that lecture halls can be used as a catalyst for public integration in architecture schools and the large flexible studio space that forms the heart of the school, creates a vibrant interactive learning space in which ideas and art is generated. A precedent study on existing architecture schools is used to establish what the nature of an architecture school is and how the architects have attempted to create well-functioning architecture schools. An Urban Master plan is presented to address the issue of dis-connectivity between the North and South campus of the university. The master plan proposes better connectivity between North and South Campus through a pedestrian boulevard that connects a new forecourt on North Campus to a forecourt on South Campus. The layout and zoning within the urban master plan suggests possible sites for the new structure, based on public activity and accessibility to address the issue of public integration. The SoA will form part of a new forecourt on North Campus which will be an agglomeration of building enclosing a public courtyard of which the Architecture department will form part in becoming the arts precinct on the University Campus. The space in which the current SoA is operating will be used for library facilities, this was the purpose of the space before it was allocated to the Architecture Department for “temporary use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An examination of the pass-through from exchange rate to inflation in South Africa
- Authors: Mhizha,Tinashe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Foreign exchange rates -- South Africa Inflation (Finance) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13705 , vital:39698
- Description: This study examined the exchange-rate-pass-through to import, producer and consumer prices in South Africa using quarterly data covering the period 2000 to 2015. The study made use of panel data techniques to examine the degree of pass-through to import prices, producer prices as well consumer prices. The Hausman test indicated fixed effects (FE) as the correct model for the data. In order to correct for errors and get a more robust model, the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) model was estimated. The key findings claim that the exchange rate is negative and weakly significant to explain South African prices. It was highest for producer prices, followed by import prices and lowest at consumer prices. The findings have implications for policy and theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mhizha,Tinashe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Foreign exchange rates -- South Africa Inflation (Finance) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13705 , vital:39698
- Description: This study examined the exchange-rate-pass-through to import, producer and consumer prices in South Africa using quarterly data covering the period 2000 to 2015. The study made use of panel data techniques to examine the degree of pass-through to import prices, producer prices as well consumer prices. The Hausman test indicated fixed effects (FE) as the correct model for the data. In order to correct for errors and get a more robust model, the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) model was estimated. The key findings claim that the exchange rate is negative and weakly significant to explain South African prices. It was highest for producer prices, followed by import prices and lowest at consumer prices. The findings have implications for policy and theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Using captive seabirds to assess knowledge gaps in stable isotope analysis of diets
- Authors: Micklem, Isabel Andrea
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Stable isotopes -- Analysis African penguin -- South Africa Breeding
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65101 , vital:28686
- Description: Stable isotope (SI) ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) are now widely used as biomarkers in ecological studies to provide information about food web structuring. However, understanding trophic relationships using SI analysis requires not only knowledge of SI values of predator and prey, but also accurate discrimination factors (DFs), which can differ among species and by physiological state. This thesis examined three questions using captive birds from the South African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB). First, the effects of ontogeny on δ13C and δ15N ratios of African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) were assessed. Blood samples were collected from penguins in four age classes (P3 chicks, blues, juveniles and adults) concurrently with their diet (sardine (Sardinops sagax) and formula). Second, to assess the influence of breeding physiology on SI ratios, the blood of ten breeding pairs of penguins was sampled over a five-month period from June to October 2016. Following laying, each pair was categorised into one of three (four for whole blood) egg production phases (initial yolk deposition, rapid yolk deposition and post-laying) and their influences on SI ratios were tested. Third, species differences in DFs were evaluated for African penguins, kelp and Hartlaub’s gulls (Larus dominicanus and L. hartlaubii), greater crested terns (Thalasseus bergii) and Cape cormorants (Phalacrocorax capensis). Flying birds were mostly fed sardine with a small but unknown amount of sardinella (Sardinella aurita), DFs were therefore estimated for a 50:50 sardine:sardinella diet, a 75:25 sardine:sardinella diet and a 100% sardine diet for each flying bird species. The DFs were assessed for the whole blood (WB), red blood cells (RBC), plasma (PL) and delipidated plasma of the penguins, and only WB for the flying birds as well as flesh, whole fish, delipidated flesh and delipidated whole fish for fish species, and for formula. Results indicated that age influenced both the δ13C and δ15N of WB, only the δ15N of RBC and the δ13C of delipidated PL. The assessment of breeding physiology yielded a significant interaction between the effects of egg production phase and sex on the δ13C of WB; females had significantly lower δ13C in the rapid yolk deposition phase than the other two phases and all males. The δ13C of PL was affected only by sex, with females having a significantly lower δ13C value than males. Neither physiological state nor sex influenced the other blood components. Differences were found among the three DFs in the non-penguin species, but not for all consumer – prey tissue combinations. There were also significant differences among species with a DF calculated from a diet with the most probable prey proportions eaten. Depending on the combination of consumer and prey tissue used to calculate the DF, a different conclusion regarding trophic information can be reached. A literature review updated with the present data showed that no general pattern or grouping of similar species with regards to DF values could be drawn, highlighting the importance of determining species- and tissue-specific DFs. Thus age, egg production, tissue and species all influenced the SI values of bird blood and therefore their DFs. Not all physiological conditions affect all blood components in the same way, making different components more or less sensitive to physiological influences. Though their influence is at a small enough scale that it is unlikely to hamper correct conclusion in ecological studies, it is crucial that these factors are considered when using SI analysis (SIA). When uncertainties exist for some coefficients in wild studies, SIA should therefore be combined to other dietary techniques to determine the food web structure as best as possible.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Micklem, Isabel Andrea
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Stable isotopes -- Analysis African penguin -- South Africa Breeding
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65101 , vital:28686
- Description: Stable isotope (SI) ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) are now widely used as biomarkers in ecological studies to provide information about food web structuring. However, understanding trophic relationships using SI analysis requires not only knowledge of SI values of predator and prey, but also accurate discrimination factors (DFs), which can differ among species and by physiological state. This thesis examined three questions using captive birds from the South African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB). First, the effects of ontogeny on δ13C and δ15N ratios of African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) were assessed. Blood samples were collected from penguins in four age classes (P3 chicks, blues, juveniles and adults) concurrently with their diet (sardine (Sardinops sagax) and formula). Second, to assess the influence of breeding physiology on SI ratios, the blood of ten breeding pairs of penguins was sampled over a five-month period from June to October 2016. Following laying, each pair was categorised into one of three (four for whole blood) egg production phases (initial yolk deposition, rapid yolk deposition and post-laying) and their influences on SI ratios were tested. Third, species differences in DFs were evaluated for African penguins, kelp and Hartlaub’s gulls (Larus dominicanus and L. hartlaubii), greater crested terns (Thalasseus bergii) and Cape cormorants (Phalacrocorax capensis). Flying birds were mostly fed sardine with a small but unknown amount of sardinella (Sardinella aurita), DFs were therefore estimated for a 50:50 sardine:sardinella diet, a 75:25 sardine:sardinella diet and a 100% sardine diet for each flying bird species. The DFs were assessed for the whole blood (WB), red blood cells (RBC), plasma (PL) and delipidated plasma of the penguins, and only WB for the flying birds as well as flesh, whole fish, delipidated flesh and delipidated whole fish for fish species, and for formula. Results indicated that age influenced both the δ13C and δ15N of WB, only the δ15N of RBC and the δ13C of delipidated PL. The assessment of breeding physiology yielded a significant interaction between the effects of egg production phase and sex on the δ13C of WB; females had significantly lower δ13C in the rapid yolk deposition phase than the other two phases and all males. The δ13C of PL was affected only by sex, with females having a significantly lower δ13C value than males. Neither physiological state nor sex influenced the other blood components. Differences were found among the three DFs in the non-penguin species, but not for all consumer – prey tissue combinations. There were also significant differences among species with a DF calculated from a diet with the most probable prey proportions eaten. Depending on the combination of consumer and prey tissue used to calculate the DF, a different conclusion regarding trophic information can be reached. A literature review updated with the present data showed that no general pattern or grouping of similar species with regards to DF values could be drawn, highlighting the importance of determining species- and tissue-specific DFs. Thus age, egg production, tissue and species all influenced the SI values of bird blood and therefore their DFs. Not all physiological conditions affect all blood components in the same way, making different components more or less sensitive to physiological influences. Though their influence is at a small enough scale that it is unlikely to hamper correct conclusion in ecological studies, it is crucial that these factors are considered when using SI analysis (SIA). When uncertainties exist for some coefficients in wild studies, SIA should therefore be combined to other dietary techniques to determine the food web structure as best as possible.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019