Adherence and non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV people in Port Elizabeth
- Masokoane, Kgomotso Quentinne
- Authors: Masokoane, Kgomotso Quentinne
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , AIDS (Disease) -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9886 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1185 , Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , AIDS (Disease) -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The introduction of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in 1996 transformed the treatment of HIV and AIDS, improving the quality and greatly prolonging the lives of many infected people. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that is believed to cause AIDS. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is the collection of illnesses or symptoms that ultimately results in death. Antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs or Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is the treatment that has been applied to combat the HI virus in a bid to slow down the progression of AIDS and ultimately prolong the life of the infected individual. The study aimed to explore and describe the factors contributing to adherence and non-adherence to ARVs in individuals on treatment. A sample of 81 individuals who have been on ARV and HAART treatment for six months or more was used. The methodology used was exploratory-descriptive and the data obtained was quantitative in nature. A biographical questionnaire and questionnaire with questions aimed at ascertaining the possible factors that contribute to individuals either adhering to or defaulting on their treatment, such as side effects and cost of treatment, was administered. The data obtained was analysed by means of descriptive statistics and frequency counts. The results of the study showed that the sample had a fairly high level of adherence. The factors that could undermine adherence were identified as lack of support, as familial and health provider support acts as a motivator to adhere; substance abuse as it can lead to forgetting to take treatment; unemployment and poverty, as these can lead to an inability to return for follow up clinic visits or failure to have food to take with the pills; and the type of treatment regimen whereby the more complex the treatment is the more likely it is that adherence will be difficult to maintain. Suggestions were made as to future research involving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Finally the limitations as well as the value of the research were outlined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Masokoane, Kgomotso Quentinne
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , AIDS (Disease) -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9886 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1185 , Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , AIDS (Disease) -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The introduction of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in 1996 transformed the treatment of HIV and AIDS, improving the quality and greatly prolonging the lives of many infected people. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that is believed to cause AIDS. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is the collection of illnesses or symptoms that ultimately results in death. Antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs or Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is the treatment that has been applied to combat the HI virus in a bid to slow down the progression of AIDS and ultimately prolong the life of the infected individual. The study aimed to explore and describe the factors contributing to adherence and non-adherence to ARVs in individuals on treatment. A sample of 81 individuals who have been on ARV and HAART treatment for six months or more was used. The methodology used was exploratory-descriptive and the data obtained was quantitative in nature. A biographical questionnaire and questionnaire with questions aimed at ascertaining the possible factors that contribute to individuals either adhering to or defaulting on their treatment, such as side effects and cost of treatment, was administered. The data obtained was analysed by means of descriptive statistics and frequency counts. The results of the study showed that the sample had a fairly high level of adherence. The factors that could undermine adherence were identified as lack of support, as familial and health provider support acts as a motivator to adhere; substance abuse as it can lead to forgetting to take treatment; unemployment and poverty, as these can lead to an inability to return for follow up clinic visits or failure to have food to take with the pills; and the type of treatment regimen whereby the more complex the treatment is the more likely it is that adherence will be difficult to maintain. Suggestions were made as to future research involving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Finally the limitations as well as the value of the research were outlined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Intersubjectivity and the schizophrenic experience: a hermeneutic phenomoneological exploration of being-in-relation
- Bradfield, Bruce Christopher
- Authors: Bradfield, Bruce Christopher
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Schizophrenia , Intersubjectivity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2940 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002449 , Schizophrenia , Intersubjectivity
- Description: This research project has its origin and motivation in work done by Lysaker, Johannesen and Lysaker (2005), which explored the experience of being as a person with schizophrenia in relation to other individuals. The researchers examined the nature of the schizophrenic experience from within the framework of the dialogical model of self, and presented schizophrenic intersubjectivity as a potentially horrifying and disintegrating experience. Lysaker et al (2005) discuss the notion that the individual self unfolds as a composite structure of multiple selves, existing in dialogical interaction with one another. Their research aimed to show that the individual with schizophrenia experiences difficulty tolerating this dialogue on an intrapsychic level. Because interpersonal exchange requires that individuals adopt a variety of self-other modes of relatedness, suggest Lysaker et al, interpersonal engagement for the person with schizophrenia is disclosed as profoundly threatening (ibid.) Moving from the above-mentioned research, this project aims through a hermeneutic phenomenological process to clarify and narrate the subtleties of the intersubjective experience, as that experience is disclosed in the lived world of a person with schizophrenia. How does such an individual experience self in relation to other? How does such an individual negotiate their sense of self in terms of their dialogicality? The phenomenological hermeneutic method, as shaped by such theorists as Gadamer (1976), Heidegger (1962) and Buber (1970), will emerge as the interpretive platform upon which these questions are approached.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Bradfield, Bruce Christopher
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Schizophrenia , Intersubjectivity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2940 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002449 , Schizophrenia , Intersubjectivity
- Description: This research project has its origin and motivation in work done by Lysaker, Johannesen and Lysaker (2005), which explored the experience of being as a person with schizophrenia in relation to other individuals. The researchers examined the nature of the schizophrenic experience from within the framework of the dialogical model of self, and presented schizophrenic intersubjectivity as a potentially horrifying and disintegrating experience. Lysaker et al (2005) discuss the notion that the individual self unfolds as a composite structure of multiple selves, existing in dialogical interaction with one another. Their research aimed to show that the individual with schizophrenia experiences difficulty tolerating this dialogue on an intrapsychic level. Because interpersonal exchange requires that individuals adopt a variety of self-other modes of relatedness, suggest Lysaker et al, interpersonal engagement for the person with schizophrenia is disclosed as profoundly threatening (ibid.) Moving from the above-mentioned research, this project aims through a hermeneutic phenomenological process to clarify and narrate the subtleties of the intersubjective experience, as that experience is disclosed in the lived world of a person with schizophrenia. How does such an individual experience self in relation to other? How does such an individual negotiate their sense of self in terms of their dialogicality? The phenomenological hermeneutic method, as shaped by such theorists as Gadamer (1976), Heidegger (1962) and Buber (1970), will emerge as the interpretive platform upon which these questions are approached.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
The Kinshasa-based Kin ArtStudio in the Democratic Republic of Congo: visual arts spaces and the potential to challenge global art's representative and legitimizing mechanisms
- Tshilumba Mukendi, Jean-Sylvain
- Authors: Tshilumba Mukendi, Jean-Sylvain
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Space (Art) , Art -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Art and globalization , Postcolonialism and the arts -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Arts, Modern -- 21st century , Arts publicity , Arts, Modern -- 21st century -- Economic aspects , Arts, Modern -- 21st century -- Social aspects , Bondo, Vitshois Mwilambwe , Kin ArtStudio , Beauté Congo – 1926-2015 – Congo Kitoko
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/115050 , vital:34073
- Description: The emergence of visual art spaces over the past few decades on the African continent invites art practitioners, historians and critics to re-examine the conditions of production, diffusion and reception of contemporary art of Africa. In this thesis I critically engage with these conditions in relation to artworks and practices of the Democratic Republic of Congo, considering the curatorial logic that has governed the ‘global art world’. I focus on the Kin ArtStudio as my main case study. I undertook research within this art space in 2016, from the 10th of April to the 15th of June, and again from the 16th of July to the 12th of September. My position as a participant observer turned out to be as engaging as informative. The Kin ArtStudio is a Kinshasa-based visual art platform founded in 2011 by the Congolese artist Vitshois Mwilambwe Bondo. It was established out of the will to empower emerging artists in that specific context, and facilitate the negotiation that the legitimization of their creations entails in today’s global art and cultural dynamics. In order to evaluate the stakes of such negotiation, I start with reviewing the existing mechanisms, trends and networks that have legitimized visual art productions of the Democratic Republic of Congo on a global stage, as exemplified by the Beauté Congo – Congo Kitoko exhibition (2015). Then, my enquiry evolves towards specificity, towards the immediacy and the subjectivity that characterize Kinshasa's urban and socio-cultural context, and visual art practices therein. Subjectivity also applies to my four months immersive experience with that art space. Drawing from my observations, setbacks, hopes and recent academic and practical debates around contemporary art practices on the African continent, the role those art spaces can play in the curatorship, circulation, reception and commodification of contemporary art productions cannot be underestimated. While operating in lasting postcolonial settings, they are going through the negotiation of their global and translocal situatedness, which can in turn lead to new legitimizing narratives. These will more appropriately inform understandings of contemporary art practices of Africa, challenging the identifying prism sustained by the ‘global art world’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Tshilumba Mukendi, Jean-Sylvain
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Space (Art) , Art -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Art and globalization , Postcolonialism and the arts -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Arts, Modern -- 21st century , Arts publicity , Arts, Modern -- 21st century -- Economic aspects , Arts, Modern -- 21st century -- Social aspects , Bondo, Vitshois Mwilambwe , Kin ArtStudio , Beauté Congo – 1926-2015 – Congo Kitoko
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/115050 , vital:34073
- Description: The emergence of visual art spaces over the past few decades on the African continent invites art practitioners, historians and critics to re-examine the conditions of production, diffusion and reception of contemporary art of Africa. In this thesis I critically engage with these conditions in relation to artworks and practices of the Democratic Republic of Congo, considering the curatorial logic that has governed the ‘global art world’. I focus on the Kin ArtStudio as my main case study. I undertook research within this art space in 2016, from the 10th of April to the 15th of June, and again from the 16th of July to the 12th of September. My position as a participant observer turned out to be as engaging as informative. The Kin ArtStudio is a Kinshasa-based visual art platform founded in 2011 by the Congolese artist Vitshois Mwilambwe Bondo. It was established out of the will to empower emerging artists in that specific context, and facilitate the negotiation that the legitimization of their creations entails in today’s global art and cultural dynamics. In order to evaluate the stakes of such negotiation, I start with reviewing the existing mechanisms, trends and networks that have legitimized visual art productions of the Democratic Republic of Congo on a global stage, as exemplified by the Beauté Congo – Congo Kitoko exhibition (2015). Then, my enquiry evolves towards specificity, towards the immediacy and the subjectivity that characterize Kinshasa's urban and socio-cultural context, and visual art practices therein. Subjectivity also applies to my four months immersive experience with that art space. Drawing from my observations, setbacks, hopes and recent academic and practical debates around contemporary art practices on the African continent, the role those art spaces can play in the curatorship, circulation, reception and commodification of contemporary art productions cannot be underestimated. While operating in lasting postcolonial settings, they are going through the negotiation of their global and translocal situatedness, which can in turn lead to new legitimizing narratives. These will more appropriately inform understandings of contemporary art practices of Africa, challenging the identifying prism sustained by the ‘global art world’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A gender based analysis of the Amalima Programme in empowering married women within households in rural Gwanda, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Sibanda, Patience
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations Zimbabwe Matabeleland South Province , Power (Social sciences) Zimbabwe Matabeleland South Province , Women Zimbabwe Social conditions , Women's rights Zimbabwe , Patriarchy Zimbabwe Matabeleland South Province
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63682 , vital:28470
- Description: Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have occupied a prominent role in the socio-economic development of rural areas of Zimbabwe since the time of the country’s independence in 1980, including a focus on improving the conditions and status of women in communal areas. These NGOs adopt a participatory methodology in their development programmes and projects, as they try to ensure that the active participation of women in rural development facilitates women’s access to resources and the realisation of their rights. These initiatives are important given the pronounced system of patriarchy which exists in communal areas. In the context of local patriarchies, NGOs also often claim that they empower women. This thesis focuses on the work of one particular NGO programme, namely the Amalima programme, with a particular focus on three wards in the communal areas in Gwanda, Zimbabwe. From a gendered perspective concerned with questions of women’s empowerment, the main objective of the thesis is to provide a critical analysis of the Amalima programme with particular reference to married women in Gwanda. Based on original fieldwork (including interviews with men, women and NGO practitioners), the thesis concludes that the outcomes of the Amalima programme in empowering married women in Gwanda are uneven and that, overall, the local system of patriarchy (including at household level) remains largely intact.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Sibanda, Patience
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations Zimbabwe Matabeleland South Province , Power (Social sciences) Zimbabwe Matabeleland South Province , Women Zimbabwe Social conditions , Women's rights Zimbabwe , Patriarchy Zimbabwe Matabeleland South Province
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63682 , vital:28470
- Description: Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have occupied a prominent role in the socio-economic development of rural areas of Zimbabwe since the time of the country’s independence in 1980, including a focus on improving the conditions and status of women in communal areas. These NGOs adopt a participatory methodology in their development programmes and projects, as they try to ensure that the active participation of women in rural development facilitates women’s access to resources and the realisation of their rights. These initiatives are important given the pronounced system of patriarchy which exists in communal areas. In the context of local patriarchies, NGOs also often claim that they empower women. This thesis focuses on the work of one particular NGO programme, namely the Amalima programme, with a particular focus on three wards in the communal areas in Gwanda, Zimbabwe. From a gendered perspective concerned with questions of women’s empowerment, the main objective of the thesis is to provide a critical analysis of the Amalima programme with particular reference to married women in Gwanda. Based on original fieldwork (including interviews with men, women and NGO practitioners), the thesis concludes that the outcomes of the Amalima programme in empowering married women in Gwanda are uneven and that, overall, the local system of patriarchy (including at household level) remains largely intact.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
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