A case study of stakeholders' perceptions of the management implications of the discipline provisions of the 1996 Schools Act in a rural Eastern Cape high school
- Authors: Luggya, Daniel
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: High school students -- Discipline -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Discipline of children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School discipline -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Corporal punishment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School discipline -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1897 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006156
- Description: South Africa's education management system has undergone a long history of transformation from the promulgation of the Bantu Education Act of 1953 to the realisation of democracy, and in this context, the South Mrican Schools Act (SASA) of l996. Apartheid legislation and the new democratic legislation have had a profound impact on the education leadership and management of schools, in which authoritarian management practices have been replaced by democratic management practices. However, democratic management practices have not yet had a significant effect in the leadership and management of schools, especially in the schools of previously disadvantaged areas. This thesis seeks to examine perceptions held by education stakeholders in the light of the rights of students as stipulated in the discipline provisions of the Schools Act of 1996, in one of the rural high schools in the Northern Region of the Eastern Cape Province. One of the most important discipline provisions is the ban on corporal punishment in schools. My intention in carrying out this research was not to generalise my findings but to understand the experiences and perceptions of the stakeholders in this school regarding the discipline provisions of the SASA. The data suggest that authoritarian education practices, especially corporal punishment, are still a factor in the maintenance of student discipline in this rural school. Stakeholders still believe in the use of corporal punishment as the only way of maintaining discipline and an orderly environment for teaching and learning. Such beliefs, assumptions and values concerning the use of corporal punishment are held by the principal, teachers, students and parents and have not changed since 1996. Beliefs, assumptions and values on the exclusive use of power by the principal on issues of suspension and expulsion are still being held by the above stakeholders in the school. The vision of the SASA that schools become autonomous institutions with democratic leadership and management practices does not seem to be practical because of the centralisation of power in the hands of the Provincial Head of the Education Department. This centralisation of power denies the principal and other stakeholders of the school the power to decide on crucial matters like the expulsion of misbehaving students, because it is the provincial Head who decides on the seriousness of offences committed by misbehaving students and subsequent expulsions. Apart from the location of power in the Provincial Head of the Education Department, the stakeholders of this school are also powerless on expulsion of students, or any other form of punishment because of the implication of the "right" to education in the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The education department has to devise programmes that change the beliefs and assumptions of stakeholders on corporal punishment and decision-making on expulsions and suspensions. Unfortunately corporal punishment persists because parents use it in the home and support its use in school. Programmes on alternatives to corporal punishment are required for the smooth implementation of the SASA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Luggya, Daniel
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: High school students -- Discipline -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Discipline of children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School discipline -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Corporal punishment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School discipline -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1897 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006156
- Description: South Africa's education management system has undergone a long history of transformation from the promulgation of the Bantu Education Act of 1953 to the realisation of democracy, and in this context, the South Mrican Schools Act (SASA) of l996. Apartheid legislation and the new democratic legislation have had a profound impact on the education leadership and management of schools, in which authoritarian management practices have been replaced by democratic management practices. However, democratic management practices have not yet had a significant effect in the leadership and management of schools, especially in the schools of previously disadvantaged areas. This thesis seeks to examine perceptions held by education stakeholders in the light of the rights of students as stipulated in the discipline provisions of the Schools Act of 1996, in one of the rural high schools in the Northern Region of the Eastern Cape Province. One of the most important discipline provisions is the ban on corporal punishment in schools. My intention in carrying out this research was not to generalise my findings but to understand the experiences and perceptions of the stakeholders in this school regarding the discipline provisions of the SASA. The data suggest that authoritarian education practices, especially corporal punishment, are still a factor in the maintenance of student discipline in this rural school. Stakeholders still believe in the use of corporal punishment as the only way of maintaining discipline and an orderly environment for teaching and learning. Such beliefs, assumptions and values concerning the use of corporal punishment are held by the principal, teachers, students and parents and have not changed since 1996. Beliefs, assumptions and values on the exclusive use of power by the principal on issues of suspension and expulsion are still being held by the above stakeholders in the school. The vision of the SASA that schools become autonomous institutions with democratic leadership and management practices does not seem to be practical because of the centralisation of power in the hands of the Provincial Head of the Education Department. This centralisation of power denies the principal and other stakeholders of the school the power to decide on crucial matters like the expulsion of misbehaving students, because it is the provincial Head who decides on the seriousness of offences committed by misbehaving students and subsequent expulsions. Apart from the location of power in the Provincial Head of the Education Department, the stakeholders of this school are also powerless on expulsion of students, or any other form of punishment because of the implication of the "right" to education in the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The education department has to devise programmes that change the beliefs and assumptions of stakeholders on corporal punishment and decision-making on expulsions and suspensions. Unfortunately corporal punishment persists because parents use it in the home and support its use in school. Programmes on alternatives to corporal punishment are required for the smooth implementation of the SASA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Synthesis, photochemical and photophysical properties of phthalocyanine derivatives
- Authors: Maqanda, Weziwe Theorine
- Date: 2005 , 2013-06-18
- Subjects: Photochemotherapy , Phthalocyanines , Zinc , Magnesium
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4436 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007472 , Photochemotherapy , Phthalocyanines , Zinc , Magnesium
- Description: Substituted zinc and magnesium phthalocyanine and porphyrazine derivatives were synthesized according to the reported procedures. The magnesium and zinc phthalocyanine and porphyrazine derivatives were synthesized by ring enlargement of subphthalocyanine and statistical condensation of the two phthalonitrile derivatives. Characterization of the complexes involved the use of infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, and Maldi-TOF spectroscopy (for selected compounds) and elemental analysis. Photochemical and photophysical properties of the complexes in non-aqueous solution was then investigated. Photobleaching quantum yields are in order of 10⁻⁵ indicating their relative photostability. Complexes containing more electron-donating substituents were more easily oxidized. For complexes 66 and 69 (as these complexes have the same number of substituents but differ in the metal center) photobleaching quantum yield for the ZincPc complex 69 was slightly less than that of the MgPc complex 66. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of the various complexes in DMSO using diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) as a quencher in organic solvents were determined. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of the complexes range from 0.23 to 0.67. High values of Φ[subscript]Δ ZnPc complexes was observed compared to the corresponding MgPc, complexes. This was evidenced by complexes 66 and 69 with Φ[subscript]Δ values of Φ[subscript]Δ = 0.26 and 0.40, respectively. Varying number of phenoxy substituents, complex 71 gave significantly large value of Φ[subscript]Δ compared to 70 (that is, the presence of more electron-donating substituted group, gave higher singlet oxygen quantum yields (0 .67 and 0.25 for 71 and 70 repectively). The triplet quantum yields and triplet lifetimes were determined by laser flash photolysis for selected compounds. The triplet quantum yields increase as the number of substituents increases e.g 68 > 67 > 66. Comparing porphyrazine complexes (63, 64 and 65), 63 with benzene attached to the ring, has higher triplet state lifetime (420 μs) compared to 64 and 65 containing long alkyl chain and tertbutyl substituents, 350 and 360 μs,respectively). The observed Φ[subscript]f values for 68 and 63 were quiet suprising, since low values are observed compared to the rest of the complexes (e.g 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). Although these values seem so low, they are sufficient for fluorescence imaging applications. The Φ[subscript]f values for the complexes under study are within the range reported for complexes currently used for PDT. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Maqanda, Weziwe Theorine
- Date: 2005 , 2013-06-18
- Subjects: Photochemotherapy , Phthalocyanines , Zinc , Magnesium
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4436 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007472 , Photochemotherapy , Phthalocyanines , Zinc , Magnesium
- Description: Substituted zinc and magnesium phthalocyanine and porphyrazine derivatives were synthesized according to the reported procedures. The magnesium and zinc phthalocyanine and porphyrazine derivatives were synthesized by ring enlargement of subphthalocyanine and statistical condensation of the two phthalonitrile derivatives. Characterization of the complexes involved the use of infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, and Maldi-TOF spectroscopy (for selected compounds) and elemental analysis. Photochemical and photophysical properties of the complexes in non-aqueous solution was then investigated. Photobleaching quantum yields are in order of 10⁻⁵ indicating their relative photostability. Complexes containing more electron-donating substituents were more easily oxidized. For complexes 66 and 69 (as these complexes have the same number of substituents but differ in the metal center) photobleaching quantum yield for the ZincPc complex 69 was slightly less than that of the MgPc complex 66. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of the various complexes in DMSO using diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) as a quencher in organic solvents were determined. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of the complexes range from 0.23 to 0.67. High values of Φ[subscript]Δ ZnPc complexes was observed compared to the corresponding MgPc, complexes. This was evidenced by complexes 66 and 69 with Φ[subscript]Δ values of Φ[subscript]Δ = 0.26 and 0.40, respectively. Varying number of phenoxy substituents, complex 71 gave significantly large value of Φ[subscript]Δ compared to 70 (that is, the presence of more electron-donating substituted group, gave higher singlet oxygen quantum yields (0 .67 and 0.25 for 71 and 70 repectively). The triplet quantum yields and triplet lifetimes were determined by laser flash photolysis for selected compounds. The triplet quantum yields increase as the number of substituents increases e.g 68 > 67 > 66. Comparing porphyrazine complexes (63, 64 and 65), 63 with benzene attached to the ring, has higher triplet state lifetime (420 μs) compared to 64 and 65 containing long alkyl chain and tertbutyl substituents, 350 and 360 μs,respectively). The observed Φ[subscript]f values for 68 and 63 were quiet suprising, since low values are observed compared to the rest of the complexes (e.g 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). Although these values seem so low, they are sufficient for fluorescence imaging applications. The Φ[subscript]f values for the complexes under study are within the range reported for complexes currently used for PDT. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Use of the internet in newsgathering : a case study of The Post newspaper in Zambia
- Authors: Hamachila, Alphonsius
- Date: 2013-06-10
- Subjects: Post (Lusaka, Zambia) Electronic news gathering -- Zambia -- Case studies Journalism -- Data processing -- Zambia -- Case studies Reporters and reporting -- Zambia -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3518 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008075
- Description: The Internet and World Wide Web have become dominant newsgathering tools in a sholi period of time. While the body of research, particularly in the First World, has developed quickly along with the Web, many unanswered questions remain on how journalists in developing countries make use of the Internet for newsgathering purposes. This study combined social constructivist theory with the socio-organisational and cultural approaches to news production in order to critically investigate how journalists at The Post newspaper in Zambia relate to, and make use of, the Internet as a newsgathering resource, in the context of Third World conditions. The study critiqued technological detelminism perspectives on journalists' use of the new information technology. The technological determinism theory, which has largely been advanced by some scholars from the developed world, takes a celebratory approach to journalists' use of the Internet in the newsroom. Using qualitative semi-structured interviews and observations, the study established that while journalists at The Post acknowledged the lnternet's potential in news gathering, factors such as unreliable telecommunications infrastructure, poor Internet skills, lack of local content on the World Wide Web, and organisational and occupational demands inhibited the use of the Internet as a journalistic newsgathering resource. The study established further that online reporting is only a tool within the broader news gathering and production process; and in the case of The Post, it does not replace the traditional news gathering techniques used by journalists, particularly direct contacts with human sources. The respondents cited face-to-face interviews, a traditional means of newsgathering, as the main driving force in news gathering routines at the newspaper. However, although the respondents saw some mixed blessings in the Internet as a reporting tool, they also believed that the benefits outweighed the problems. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hamachila, Alphonsius
- Date: 2013-06-10
- Subjects: Post (Lusaka, Zambia) Electronic news gathering -- Zambia -- Case studies Journalism -- Data processing -- Zambia -- Case studies Reporters and reporting -- Zambia -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3518 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008075
- Description: The Internet and World Wide Web have become dominant newsgathering tools in a sholi period of time. While the body of research, particularly in the First World, has developed quickly along with the Web, many unanswered questions remain on how journalists in developing countries make use of the Internet for newsgathering purposes. This study combined social constructivist theory with the socio-organisational and cultural approaches to news production in order to critically investigate how journalists at The Post newspaper in Zambia relate to, and make use of, the Internet as a newsgathering resource, in the context of Third World conditions. The study critiqued technological detelminism perspectives on journalists' use of the new information technology. The technological determinism theory, which has largely been advanced by some scholars from the developed world, takes a celebratory approach to journalists' use of the Internet in the newsroom. Using qualitative semi-structured interviews and observations, the study established that while journalists at The Post acknowledged the lnternet's potential in news gathering, factors such as unreliable telecommunications infrastructure, poor Internet skills, lack of local content on the World Wide Web, and organisational and occupational demands inhibited the use of the Internet as a journalistic newsgathering resource. The study established further that online reporting is only a tool within the broader news gathering and production process; and in the case of The Post, it does not replace the traditional news gathering techniques used by journalists, particularly direct contacts with human sources. The respondents cited face-to-face interviews, a traditional means of newsgathering, as the main driving force in news gathering routines at the newspaper. However, although the respondents saw some mixed blessings in the Internet as a reporting tool, they also believed that the benefits outweighed the problems. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
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