Design and evaluation of a new pharmaceutical pictogram sequence to convey medicine usage
- Mansoor, Leila E, Dowse, Roslind
- Authors: Mansoor, Leila E , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6402 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006338
- Description: Pictorials may be used to augment textual instructions in the depiction of safety and warning information on medicines. The objective of this study was to design, develop and evaluate a simple and culturally appropriate pictogram sequence for using nystatin suspension, and to assess its understandability in low-literate Xhosa participants. A new pharmaceutical pictogram sequence was designed through focus group discussions and evaluated in a 2-phase process. The results of Phase 1 (30 participants) identified various problems associated with the new pictogram sequence. It was modified accordingly and re-evaluated in Phase 2 with 20 participants. All participants belonged to the Xhosa group, had between 0 and 7 years of formal schooling and had English as their second language. Acceptance of the new pictogram sequence was based on international standards (ANSI and ISO criterion) for evaluating the comprehensibility of pictograms. In Phase 1, the new pictogram sequence was correctly interpreted by 66.7% of the participants and this complied with the ISO criterion of 67% correct. In Phase 2, 95% of the participants were able to correctly interpret the new pictogram sequence. This result complied with the ANSI criterion of 85% correct, therefore, this new pictogram sequence was considered to be acceptable. This study has illustrated the success of using a consultative approach in the design of new pictograms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Mansoor, Leila E , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6402 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006338
- Description: Pictorials may be used to augment textual instructions in the depiction of safety and warning information on medicines. The objective of this study was to design, develop and evaluate a simple and culturally appropriate pictogram sequence for using nystatin suspension, and to assess its understandability in low-literate Xhosa participants. A new pharmaceutical pictogram sequence was designed through focus group discussions and evaluated in a 2-phase process. The results of Phase 1 (30 participants) identified various problems associated with the new pictogram sequence. It was modified accordingly and re-evaluated in Phase 2 with 20 participants. All participants belonged to the Xhosa group, had between 0 and 7 years of formal schooling and had English as their second language. Acceptance of the new pictogram sequence was based on international standards (ANSI and ISO criterion) for evaluating the comprehensibility of pictograms. In Phase 1, the new pictogram sequence was correctly interpreted by 66.7% of the participants and this complied with the ISO criterion of 67% correct. In Phase 2, 95% of the participants were able to correctly interpret the new pictogram sequence. This result complied with the ANSI criterion of 85% correct, therefore, this new pictogram sequence was considered to be acceptable. This study has illustrated the success of using a consultative approach in the design of new pictograms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Medicine labels incorporating pictograms: do they influence understanding and adherence?
- Dowse, Roslind, Ehlers, Martina S
- Authors: Dowse, Roslind , Ehlers, Martina S
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6359 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006051
- Description: The objective was to determine the influence of medicine labels incorporating pictograms on the understanding of instructions and on adherence. Eighty-seven Xhosa participants attending an outpatient clinic who had been prescribed a short course of antibiotics were randomly allocated to either a control group (41 participants given text-only labels), or an experimental group (46 participants given text + pictogram labels). All participants had a maximum of 10 years of formal schooling. Follow-up home visits were conducted after 3–5 days to assess understanding of instructions and to evaluate adherence. A high adherence of greater than 90% was found for 54% of the experimental group, compared with only 2% of the control group. Average percentages for understanding in the control and experimental groups were 70 and 95%, respectively, and average adherence was 72 and 90%, respectively. The presence of pictograms was found to contribute positively to both understanding of instructions and adherence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Dowse, Roslind , Ehlers, Martina S
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6359 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006051
- Description: The objective was to determine the influence of medicine labels incorporating pictograms on the understanding of instructions and on adherence. Eighty-seven Xhosa participants attending an outpatient clinic who had been prescribed a short course of antibiotics were randomly allocated to either a control group (41 participants given text-only labels), or an experimental group (46 participants given text + pictogram labels). All participants had a maximum of 10 years of formal schooling. Follow-up home visits were conducted after 3–5 days to assess understanding of instructions and to evaluate adherence. A high adherence of greater than 90% was found for 54% of the experimental group, compared with only 2% of the control group. Average percentages for understanding in the control and experimental groups were 70 and 95%, respectively, and average adherence was 72 and 90%, respectively. The presence of pictograms was found to contribute positively to both understanding of instructions and adherence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Comprehension and acceptability of a patient information leaflet (PIL) for antiretroviral therapy:
- Mwingira, Betty, Dowse, Roslind
- Authors: Mwingira, Betty , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156902 , vital:40065 , https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v11i3.236
- Description: The patient information leaflet (PIL) is recognised as playing a key role in informing patients about their medicines. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the readability and understanding of a PIL for the first-line ARV (antiretroviral) regimen available in the South African public health sector, and investigate its acceptability in the target Xhosa population. The study took place between August 2003 and July 2004. A PIL was designed for the antiretroviral regimen of stavudine, lamivudine and efavirenz, using established usability guidelines. South African legal requirements concerning PILs were incorporated and the PILs were available in both English and isiXhosa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Mwingira, Betty , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156902 , vital:40065 , https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v11i3.236
- Description: The patient information leaflet (PIL) is recognised as playing a key role in informing patients about their medicines. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the readability and understanding of a PIL for the first-line ARV (antiretroviral) regimen available in the South African public health sector, and investigate its acceptability in the target Xhosa population. The study took place between August 2003 and July 2004. A PIL was designed for the antiretroviral regimen of stavudine, lamivudine and efavirenz, using established usability guidelines. South African legal requirements concerning PILs were incorporated and the PILs were available in both English and isiXhosa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
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