Ecological connectivity between the areas beyond national jurisdiction and coastal waters: Safeguarding interests of coastal communities in developing countries
- Popova, Ekaterina, Vousden, David, Sauer, Warwick H H, Mohammed, Essam Y, Allain, Valerie, Downey-Breedt, Nicola, Fletcher, Ruth, Gjerde, Kristina M, Halpin, Patrick, Kelly, Stephen, Obura, David, Pecl, Gretta T, Roberts, Michael J, Raitsos, Dionysios E, Rogers, Alex, Samoilys, Melita, Sumaila , Ussif Rashid, Tracey, Sean, Yool, Andrew
- Authors: Popova, Ekaterina , Vousden, David , Sauer, Warwick H H , Mohammed, Essam Y , Allain, Valerie , Downey-Breedt, Nicola , Fletcher, Ruth , Gjerde, Kristina M , Halpin, Patrick , Kelly, Stephen , Obura, David , Pecl, Gretta T , Roberts, Michael J , Raitsos, Dionysios E , Rogers, Alex , Samoilys, Melita , Sumaila , Ussif Rashid , Tracey, Sean , Yool, Andrew
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124331 , vital:35594 , https://doi.10.1016/j.marpol.2019.02.050
- Description: The UN General Assembly has made a unanimous decision to start negotiations to establish an international, legally-binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity within Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). However, there has of yet been little discussion on the importance of this move to the ecosystem services provided by coastal zones in their downstream zone of influence. Here, we identify the ecological connectivity between ABNJ and coastal zones as critically important in the negotiation process and apply several approaches to identify some priority areas for protection from the perspective of coastal populations of Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Initially, we review the scientific evidence that demonstrates ecological connectivity between ABNJ and the coastal zones with a focus on the LDCs. We then use ocean modelling to develop a number of metrics and spatial maps that serve to quantify the connectivity of the ABNJ to the coastal zone. We find that the level of exposure to the ABNJ influences varies strongly between countries. Similarly, not all areas of the ABNJ are equal in their impacts on the coastline. Using this method, we identify the areas of the ABNJ that are in the most urgent need of protection on the grounds of the strength of their potential downstream impacts on the coastal populations of LDCs. We argue that indirect negative impacts of the ABNJ fishing, industrialisation and pollution, communicated via oceanographic, cultural and ecological connectivity to the coastal waters of the developing countries should be of concern.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Popova, Ekaterina , Vousden, David , Sauer, Warwick H H , Mohammed, Essam Y , Allain, Valerie , Downey-Breedt, Nicola , Fletcher, Ruth , Gjerde, Kristina M , Halpin, Patrick , Kelly, Stephen , Obura, David , Pecl, Gretta T , Roberts, Michael J , Raitsos, Dionysios E , Rogers, Alex , Samoilys, Melita , Sumaila , Ussif Rashid , Tracey, Sean , Yool, Andrew
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124331 , vital:35594 , https://doi.10.1016/j.marpol.2019.02.050
- Description: The UN General Assembly has made a unanimous decision to start negotiations to establish an international, legally-binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity within Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). However, there has of yet been little discussion on the importance of this move to the ecosystem services provided by coastal zones in their downstream zone of influence. Here, we identify the ecological connectivity between ABNJ and coastal zones as critically important in the negotiation process and apply several approaches to identify some priority areas for protection from the perspective of coastal populations of Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Initially, we review the scientific evidence that demonstrates ecological connectivity between ABNJ and the coastal zones with a focus on the LDCs. We then use ocean modelling to develop a number of metrics and spatial maps that serve to quantify the connectivity of the ABNJ to the coastal zone. We find that the level of exposure to the ABNJ influences varies strongly between countries. Similarly, not all areas of the ABNJ are equal in their impacts on the coastline. Using this method, we identify the areas of the ABNJ that are in the most urgent need of protection on the grounds of the strength of their potential downstream impacts on the coastal populations of LDCs. We argue that indirect negative impacts of the ABNJ fishing, industrialisation and pollution, communicated via oceanographic, cultural and ecological connectivity to the coastal waters of the developing countries should be of concern.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Ocean warming, a rapid distributional shift, and the hybridization of a coastal fish species
- Potts, Warren M, Henriques, Romina, Santos, Carmen V D, Munnik, Kate, Ansorge, Isabelle J, Dufois, Francois, Sauer, Warwick H H, Booth, Anthony J, Kirchner, Carola, Sauer, Warwick, Shaw, Paul W
- Authors: Potts, Warren M , Henriques, Romina , Santos, Carmen V D , Munnik, Kate , Ansorge, Isabelle J , Dufois, Francois , Sauer, Warwick H H , Booth, Anthony J , Kirchner, Carola , Sauer, Warwick , Shaw, Paul W
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125375 , vital:35777 , https://doi.10.1111/gcb.12612
- Description: Despite increasing awareness of large-scale climate-driven distribution shifts in the marine environment, no study has linked rapid ocean warming to a shift in distribution and consequent hybridization of a marine fish species. This study describes rapid warming (0.8 °C per decade) in the coastal waters of the Angola-Benguela Frontal Zone over the last three decades and a concomitant shift by a temperature sensitive coastal fish species (Argyrosomus coronus) southward from Angola into Namibia. In this context, rapid shifts in distribution across Economic Exclusive Zones will complicate the management of fishes, particularly when there is a lack of congruence in the fisheries policy between nations. Evidence for recent hybridization between A. coronus and a congener, A. inodorus, indicate that the rapid shift in distribution of A. coronus has placed adults of the two species in contact during their spawning events. Ocean warming may therefore revert established species isolation mechanisms and alter the evolutionary history of fishes. While the consequences of the hybridization on the production of the resource remain unclear, this will most likely introduce additional layers of complexity to their management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Potts, Warren M , Henriques, Romina , Santos, Carmen V D , Munnik, Kate , Ansorge, Isabelle J , Dufois, Francois , Sauer, Warwick H H , Booth, Anthony J , Kirchner, Carola , Sauer, Warwick , Shaw, Paul W
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125375 , vital:35777 , https://doi.10.1111/gcb.12612
- Description: Despite increasing awareness of large-scale climate-driven distribution shifts in the marine environment, no study has linked rapid ocean warming to a shift in distribution and consequent hybridization of a marine fish species. This study describes rapid warming (0.8 °C per decade) in the coastal waters of the Angola-Benguela Frontal Zone over the last three decades and a concomitant shift by a temperature sensitive coastal fish species (Argyrosomus coronus) southward from Angola into Namibia. In this context, rapid shifts in distribution across Economic Exclusive Zones will complicate the management of fishes, particularly when there is a lack of congruence in the fisheries policy between nations. Evidence for recent hybridization between A. coronus and a congener, A. inodorus, indicate that the rapid shift in distribution of A. coronus has placed adults of the two species in contact during their spawning events. Ocean warming may therefore revert established species isolation mechanisms and alter the evolutionary history of fishes. While the consequences of the hybridization on the production of the resource remain unclear, this will most likely introduce additional layers of complexity to their management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Population connectivity of an overexploited coastal fish, Argyrosomus coronus (Sciaenidae), in an ocean-warming hotspot
- Henriques, R, Potts, Warren M, Santos, Carmen V D, Sauer, Warwick H H, Shaw, Paul W
- Authors: Henriques, R , Potts, Warren M , Santos, Carmen V D , Sauer, Warwick H H , Shaw, Paul W
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125720 , vital:35811 , https://doi.10.2989/1814232X.2018.1434090
- Description: Anthropogenic activities are recognised as causing significant impacts to marine systems at multiple levels, ranging from habitat disturbance (Pauly et al. 2005) to overfishing (Sala and Knowlton 2006) and loss of genetic diversity (Pinsky and Palumbi 2014). Exploitation and harvesting in particular are known to strongly influence fish populations and their associated ecosystems (Pauly et al. 2005), and in combination with ongoing climate change can have compound effects on the viability and long-term survival of marine fishes (Last et al. 2011). Species can react to the impacts of climate change either by shifting their distributional range or by adapting to changing conditions through individual ecological plasticity and/or local population adaptation (Briggs 2011; Last et al. 2011). However, since ecological plasticity and local adaptation have strong genetic components, overharvesting has the potential to impact the long-term adaptive ability of marine fishes by decreasing the extant genetic diversity (Allendorf et al. 2014). Therefore, understanding the impact of exploitation on genetic diversity and population substructuring is critical for predicting the likely consequences of continued exploitation and climate change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Henriques, R , Potts, Warren M , Santos, Carmen V D , Sauer, Warwick H H , Shaw, Paul W
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125720 , vital:35811 , https://doi.10.2989/1814232X.2018.1434090
- Description: Anthropogenic activities are recognised as causing significant impacts to marine systems at multiple levels, ranging from habitat disturbance (Pauly et al. 2005) to overfishing (Sala and Knowlton 2006) and loss of genetic diversity (Pinsky and Palumbi 2014). Exploitation and harvesting in particular are known to strongly influence fish populations and their associated ecosystems (Pauly et al. 2005), and in combination with ongoing climate change can have compound effects on the viability and long-term survival of marine fishes (Last et al. 2011). Species can react to the impacts of climate change either by shifting their distributional range or by adapting to changing conditions through individual ecological plasticity and/or local population adaptation (Briggs 2011; Last et al. 2011). However, since ecological plasticity and local adaptation have strong genetic components, overharvesting has the potential to impact the long-term adaptive ability of marine fishes by decreasing the extant genetic diversity (Allendorf et al. 2014). Therefore, understanding the impact of exploitation on genetic diversity and population substructuring is critical for predicting the likely consequences of continued exploitation and climate change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Spatial description of hake-directed fishing activity off the west coast of South Africa
- Fairweather, T P, Booth, Anthony J, Sauer, Warwick H H, Leslie, Rob W
- Authors: Fairweather, T P , Booth, Anthony J , Sauer, Warwick H H , Leslie, Rob W
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127031 , vital:35945 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320609504129
- Description: Historically, the two species of Cape hakes Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus off South Africa were commercially exploited exclusively by demersal trawling. In 1994, hake-directed demersal longline was introduced on an experimental basis, and in 1998 was initiated as a commercial fishing sector. The effect of a combined fleet composed of both trawlers and longliners on the Cape hake resource is not fully understood. Analysis of fishing intensity and catch-rate data revealed that the highest catch rates were found around the 400m and 500m isobaths for the trawl and longline fisheries respectively. Catch rates from both fishing sectors were also noted to be higher over sediments with a sand component. Differences between areas of the highest fishing intensity and highest catch rates were noted. In addition to other factors, it is suggested that a ‘friction of distance’ effect applies — vessels will trade-off higher catch rates with the increased costs associated with fishing in deeper waters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Fairweather, T P , Booth, Anthony J , Sauer, Warwick H H , Leslie, Rob W
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127031 , vital:35945 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320609504129
- Description: Historically, the two species of Cape hakes Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus off South Africa were commercially exploited exclusively by demersal trawling. In 1994, hake-directed demersal longline was introduced on an experimental basis, and in 1998 was initiated as a commercial fishing sector. The effect of a combined fleet composed of both trawlers and longliners on the Cape hake resource is not fully understood. Analysis of fishing intensity and catch-rate data revealed that the highest catch rates were found around the 400m and 500m isobaths for the trawl and longline fisheries respectively. Catch rates from both fishing sectors were also noted to be higher over sediments with a sand component. Differences between areas of the highest fishing intensity and highest catch rates were noted. In addition to other factors, it is suggested that a ‘friction of distance’ effect applies — vessels will trade-off higher catch rates with the increased costs associated with fishing in deeper waters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
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