Keeping food on the table: responses and changing coastal fisheries in Solomon Islands
- Albert, Simon, Aswani, Shankar, Fisher, Paul L, Albert, Joelle
- Authors: Albert, Simon , Aswani, Shankar , Fisher, Paul L , Albert, Joelle
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70593 , vital:29678 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130800
- Description: Globally the majority of commercial fisheries have experienced dramatic declines in stock and catch. Likewise, projections for many subsistence fisheries in the tropics indicate a dramatic decline is looming in the coming decades. In the Pacific Islands coastal fisheries provide basic subsistence needs for millions of people. A decline in fish catch would therefore have profound impacts on the health and livelihoods of these coastal communities. Given the decrease in local catch rates reported for many coastal communities in the Pacific, it is important to understand if fishers have responded to ecological change (either by expanding their fishing range and/or increasing their fishing effort), and if so, to evaluate the costs or benefits of these responses. We compare data from fish catches in 1995 and 2011 from a rural coastal community in Solomon Islands to examine the potentially changing coastal reef fishery at these time points. In particular we found changes in preferred fishing locations, fishing methodology and catch composition between these data sets. The results indicate that despite changes in catch rates (catch per unit effort) between data collected in 2011 and 16 years previously, the study community was able to increase gross catches through visiting fishing sites further away, diversifying fishing methods and targeting pelagic species through trolling. Such insight into local-scale responses to changing resources and/ or fisheries development will help scientists and policy makers throughout the Pacific region in managing the region’s fisheries in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Albert, Simon , Aswani, Shankar , Fisher, Paul L , Albert, Joelle
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70593 , vital:29678 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130800
- Description: Globally the majority of commercial fisheries have experienced dramatic declines in stock and catch. Likewise, projections for many subsistence fisheries in the tropics indicate a dramatic decline is looming in the coming decades. In the Pacific Islands coastal fisheries provide basic subsistence needs for millions of people. A decline in fish catch would therefore have profound impacts on the health and livelihoods of these coastal communities. Given the decrease in local catch rates reported for many coastal communities in the Pacific, it is important to understand if fishers have responded to ecological change (either by expanding their fishing range and/or increasing their fishing effort), and if so, to evaluate the costs or benefits of these responses. We compare data from fish catches in 1995 and 2011 from a rural coastal community in Solomon Islands to examine the potentially changing coastal reef fishery at these time points. In particular we found changes in preferred fishing locations, fishing methodology and catch composition between these data sets. The results indicate that despite changes in catch rates (catch per unit effort) between data collected in 2011 and 16 years previously, the study community was able to increase gross catches through visiting fishing sites further away, diversifying fishing methods and targeting pelagic species through trolling. Such insight into local-scale responses to changing resources and/ or fisheries development will help scientists and policy makers throughout the Pacific region in managing the region’s fisheries in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The palladacycle, AJ-5, exhibits anti-tumour and anti-cancer stem cell activity in breast cancer cells:
- Aliwaini, Saeb, Peres, Jade, Kröger, Wendy L, Blanckenberg, Angelique, de la Mare, Jo-Anne, Edkins, Adrienne L, Mapolie, Selwyn, Prince, Sharon
- Authors: Aliwaini, Saeb , Peres, Jade , Kröger, Wendy L , Blanckenberg, Angelique , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Edkins, Adrienne L , Mapolie, Selwyn , Prince, Sharon
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164874 , vital:41180 , DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.027
- Description: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women worldwide but despite enormous efforts to address this problem, there is still limited success with most of the current therapeutic strategies. The current study describes the anti-cancer activity of a binuclear palladacycle complex (AJ-5) in oestrogen receptor positive (MCF7) and oestrogen receptor negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells as well as human breast cancer stem cells. AJ-5 is shown to induce DNA double strand breaks leading to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis and autophagy cell death pathways which are mediated by the p38 MAP kinase. This study provides evidence that AJ-5 is potentially an effective compound in the treatment of breast cancer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Aliwaini, Saeb , Peres, Jade , Kröger, Wendy L , Blanckenberg, Angelique , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Edkins, Adrienne L , Mapolie, Selwyn , Prince, Sharon
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164874 , vital:41180 , DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.027
- Description: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women worldwide but despite enormous efforts to address this problem, there is still limited success with most of the current therapeutic strategies. The current study describes the anti-cancer activity of a binuclear palladacycle complex (AJ-5) in oestrogen receptor positive (MCF7) and oestrogen receptor negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells as well as human breast cancer stem cells. AJ-5 is shown to induce DNA double strand breaks leading to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis and autophagy cell death pathways which are mediated by the p38 MAP kinase. This study provides evidence that AJ-5 is potentially an effective compound in the treatment of breast cancer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Scientific frontiers in the management of coral reefs
- Aswani, Shankar, Mumby, Peter J, Baker, Andrew, Christie, Patrick, McCook, Laurence J, Steneck, Robert S, Richmond, Robert H
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Mumby, Peter J , Baker, Andrew , Christie, Patrick , McCook, Laurence J , Steneck, Robert S , Richmond, Robert H
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70582 , vital:29677 , https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00050
- Description: Coral reefs are subjected globally to a variety of natural and anthropogenic stressors that often act synergistically. Today, reversing ongoing and future coral reef degradation presents significant challenges and countering this negative trend will take considerable efforts and investments. Scientific knowledge can inform and guide the requisite decision-making process and offer practical solutions to the problem of protection as the effects of climate change exacerbate. However, implementation of solutions presently lags far behind the pace required to reverse global declines, and there is a need for an urgent and significant step-up in the extent and range of strategies being implemented. In this paper, we consider scientific frontiers in natural and social science research that can help build stronger support for reef management and improve the efficacy of interventions. We cover various areas including: (1) enhancing the case for reef conservation and management, (2) dealing with local stressors on reefs, (3) addressing global climate change impacts, (4) and reviewing various approaches to the governance of coral reefs. In sum, we consider scientific frontiers in natural and social science that will require further attention in coming years as managers work toward building stronger support for reef management and improve the efficacy of local interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Mumby, Peter J , Baker, Andrew , Christie, Patrick , McCook, Laurence J , Steneck, Robert S , Richmond, Robert H
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70582 , vital:29677 , https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00050
- Description: Coral reefs are subjected globally to a variety of natural and anthropogenic stressors that often act synergistically. Today, reversing ongoing and future coral reef degradation presents significant challenges and countering this negative trend will take considerable efforts and investments. Scientific knowledge can inform and guide the requisite decision-making process and offer practical solutions to the problem of protection as the effects of climate change exacerbate. However, implementation of solutions presently lags far behind the pace required to reverse global declines, and there is a need for an urgent and significant step-up in the extent and range of strategies being implemented. In this paper, we consider scientific frontiers in natural and social science research that can help build stronger support for reef management and improve the efficacy of interventions. We cover various areas including: (1) enhancing the case for reef conservation and management, (2) dealing with local stressors on reefs, (3) addressing global climate change impacts, (4) and reviewing various approaches to the governance of coral reefs. In sum, we consider scientific frontiers in natural and social science that will require further attention in coming years as managers work toward building stronger support for reef management and improve the efficacy of local interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Perspectives in coastal human ecology (CHE) for marine conservation
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125576 , vital:35797 , https://doi.10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.047
- Description: Coastal human ecology (CHE) is a mixture of different theoretical and thematic approaches straddling between the humanities and social and natural sciences which studies human and coastal/marine interactions at the local-scale and through intense fieldwork. Topics of interest include human coastal adaptations past and present; the historical ecology of fisheries and future implications; local forms of marine governance and economic systems; local food security and livelihoods, and indigenous/local ecological knowledge systems among many research themes. In this paper, I explore different strands of CHE in the study of tribal, artisanal, and small-scale industrial fisheries from the mid-90s onward that can contribute to the foundational knowledge necessary for designing and implementing successful coastal fisheries management and conservation programs. Marine conservation has often failed due to a lack of understanding of the fine grained marine human-environmental interactions at the local scale. In this context, I also examine developing and future research directions in CHE, and discuss their potential contribution for filling the gap in existing approaches to actionable scholarship in marine conservation. The strength of many CHE approaches lies in their potential for bridging humanism and natural science, and thus CHE approaches are well equipped to address many of the challenges faced by marine conservation practitioners today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125576 , vital:35797 , https://doi.10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.047
- Description: Coastal human ecology (CHE) is a mixture of different theoretical and thematic approaches straddling between the humanities and social and natural sciences which studies human and coastal/marine interactions at the local-scale and through intense fieldwork. Topics of interest include human coastal adaptations past and present; the historical ecology of fisheries and future implications; local forms of marine governance and economic systems; local food security and livelihoods, and indigenous/local ecological knowledge systems among many research themes. In this paper, I explore different strands of CHE in the study of tribal, artisanal, and small-scale industrial fisheries from the mid-90s onward that can contribute to the foundational knowledge necessary for designing and implementing successful coastal fisheries management and conservation programs. Marine conservation has often failed due to a lack of understanding of the fine grained marine human-environmental interactions at the local scale. In this context, I also examine developing and future research directions in CHE, and discuss their potential contribution for filling the gap in existing approaches to actionable scholarship in marine conservation. The strength of many CHE approaches lies in their potential for bridging humanism and natural science, and thus CHE approaches are well equipped to address many of the challenges faced by marine conservation practitioners today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The Context of Higher Education
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2013-02-18
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7900 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016450
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-02-18
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2013-02-18
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7900 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016450
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-02-18
Vice-Chancellor's 2014 Address to Graduation Ceremonies
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:7869 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016418
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:7869 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016418
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The challenges of education and development in twenty-first century South Africa
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper , text
- Identifier: vital:7121 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006569
- Description: From the introduction: I have chosen to address the theme of The Challenges of Education and Development in the Twenty First Century. This is not only an extremely important theme but also one that is both complex and broad and can be approached in many different ways. With respect to complexity, the concepts of education and development, like the concepts of freedom and democracy, are defined in various ways and have a variety of meanings associated with them. Moreover, notions of education and development are not neutral in that they are embedded in different views of the world and society, including views on what constitutes a just and good society. Further, the choices, policies, actions and practices that are associated with particular conceptions of education and development are not benign in that they have real and differential effects on different social classes and groups in society. , Keynote Address at the 15th Annual Conference of the Headmasters of the Traditional State Boy’s Schools of South Africa’ Queens College, Queenstown, 26 August 2009.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper , text
- Identifier: vital:7121 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006569
- Description: From the introduction: I have chosen to address the theme of The Challenges of Education and Development in the Twenty First Century. This is not only an extremely important theme but also one that is both complex and broad and can be approached in many different ways. With respect to complexity, the concepts of education and development, like the concepts of freedom and democracy, are defined in various ways and have a variety of meanings associated with them. Moreover, notions of education and development are not neutral in that they are embedded in different views of the world and society, including views on what constitutes a just and good society. Further, the choices, policies, actions and practices that are associated with particular conceptions of education and development are not benign in that they have real and differential effects on different social classes and groups in society. , Keynote Address at the 15th Annual Conference of the Headmasters of the Traditional State Boy’s Schools of South Africa’ Queens College, Queenstown, 26 August 2009.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Vice-Chancellor's graduation ceremonies and chancellor's installation address
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2013-04-05
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7910 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016460
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-04-05
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2013-04-05
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7910 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016460
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-04-05
On location: Narratives of the South African city of the late 1940s and 1950s in film and literature
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125397 , vital:35779 , https://doi.10.1080/02582470308671922
- Description: This article is about narratives, about the forms and meanings constructed by South African storytellers, especially writers and filmmakers. It examines the relationships between examples of these two different narrative forms of literature (fiction and non-fiction) and feature film. Following Turner, the point of departure is that the study of narrative has the potential to provide a framework within which such a two pronged approach can be undertaken. This is not to say that the production of meaning takes place within an exclusive literary or cinematic context. Rather, this approach will allow us to obtain a fuller picture of the narrative of the South African city than is possible by concentrating on one medium. It is based on the premise that narratives are ultimately produced by culture; thus these cultural constructions generate meanings, take on a significance, and assume forms that are articufations of the values, beliefs -the ideology - of the culture.' Literature and film offer specific forms for such narratives. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach which borrows insights from literary and film studies, this article attempts to make a contribution to the fledgling field of South African cultural studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
On location: Narratives of the South African city of the late 1940s and 1950s in film and literature
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125397 , vital:35779 , https://doi.10.1080/02582470308671922
- Description: This article is about narratives, about the forms and meanings constructed by South African storytellers, especially writers and filmmakers. It examines the relationships between examples of these two different narrative forms of literature (fiction and non-fiction) and feature film. Following Turner, the point of departure is that the study of narrative has the potential to provide a framework within which such a two pronged approach can be undertaken. This is not to say that the production of meaning takes place within an exclusive literary or cinematic context. Rather, this approach will allow us to obtain a fuller picture of the narrative of the South African city than is possible by concentrating on one medium. It is based on the premise that narratives are ultimately produced by culture; thus these cultural constructions generate meanings, take on a significance, and assume forms that are articufations of the values, beliefs -the ideology - of the culture.' Literature and film offer specific forms for such narratives. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach which borrows insights from literary and film studies, this article attempts to make a contribution to the fledgling field of South African cultural studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
De La Rey rides (yet) again : Afrikaner identity politics and nostalgia in post-apartheid South Africa
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper
- Identifier: vital:6158 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007078
- Description: In 2006 a relatively unknown South African artist with the stage name Bok van Blerk released his debut album called “De la Rey”. The album included a music video of the title track that calls upon the legendary Boer War general to save the volk (people) from the wantonly destructive strategies of the British imperial forces: the scorched earth policy and the subsequent internment of women and children in concentration camps. The British justified such extreme – some would say ‘genocidal’ – strategies so as to prevent non-combatants from supporting the irregular Boer soldiers. Although he did not believe that the war could be won on account of the overwhelming odds that the Boer forces faced, De la Rey still fought to the bitter end. Needless to say, he was on the losing side.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper
- Identifier: vital:6158 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007078
- Description: In 2006 a relatively unknown South African artist with the stage name Bok van Blerk released his debut album called “De la Rey”. The album included a music video of the title track that calls upon the legendary Boer War general to save the volk (people) from the wantonly destructive strategies of the British imperial forces: the scorched earth policy and the subsequent internment of women and children in concentration camps. The British justified such extreme – some would say ‘genocidal’ – strategies so as to prevent non-combatants from supporting the irregular Boer soldiers. Although he did not believe that the war could be won on account of the overwhelming odds that the Boer forces faced, De la Rey still fought to the bitter end. Needless to say, he was on the losing side.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Simultaneous liposomal encapsulation of antibiotics and proteins: co-loading and characterization of rifampicin and Human Serum Albumin in soy-liposomes
- Bapolisi, Alain M, Nkanga, Christian I, Walker, Roderick B, Krause, Rui W M
- Authors: Bapolisi, Alain M , Nkanga, Christian I , Walker, Roderick B , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148617 , vital:38755 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101751
- Description: The recurrent development of resistance to antimicrobial agents threatens the ability for successful treatment of infectious diseases. Hydrophobic antibiotics such as rifampicin (Rif) are particularly affected due to poor bioavailability. On the other hand, proteins play important roles in drug delivery and release. Further, the combination of antimicrobials with therapeutic proteins and their encapsulation in liposomes seems a promising approach for improvement of antimicrobial efficacy. This study aimed to encapsulate Rif simultaneously with a large protein, Human Serum Albumin (HSA) in liposomes made from an inexpensive crude soy lecithin (CSL).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Bapolisi, Alain M , Nkanga, Christian I , Walker, Roderick B , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148617 , vital:38755 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101751
- Description: The recurrent development of resistance to antimicrobial agents threatens the ability for successful treatment of infectious diseases. Hydrophobic antibiotics such as rifampicin (Rif) are particularly affected due to poor bioavailability. On the other hand, proteins play important roles in drug delivery and release. Further, the combination of antimicrobials with therapeutic proteins and their encapsulation in liposomes seems a promising approach for improvement of antimicrobial efficacy. This study aimed to encapsulate Rif simultaneously with a large protein, Human Serum Albumin (HSA) in liposomes made from an inexpensive crude soy lecithin (CSL).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Regional development in South Africa’s West Coast: 'dividends on the process side'?
- Bek, David, Binns, Tony, Nel, Etienne L
- Authors: Bek, David , Binns, Tony , Nel, Etienne L
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6674 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006648
- Description: Academics, policy-makers and consultants have been increasingly focusing upon the 'region' as the crucible of economic development. This regionalist approach places institutions at the centre of the process of stimulating growth. Much debate has been ongoing in academic circles, particularly those inhabited by economic geographers, about the veracity of the regionalist approach and the explanatory power of the terminology associated with it. This paper analyses explicit efforts to engender regional economic development in the West Coast of South Africa. Our empirical evaluation indicates that policy actors have sought to upgrade the institutional infrastructure of the region and that some significant achievements are evident within this realm. However, these achievements are yet to be associated with sustained regional economic takeoff. The paper concludes by asking searching questions about the ability of the regionalist approach to deliver meaningful socio-economic transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Bek, David , Binns, Tony , Nel, Etienne L
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6674 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006648
- Description: Academics, policy-makers and consultants have been increasingly focusing upon the 'region' as the crucible of economic development. This regionalist approach places institutions at the centre of the process of stimulating growth. Much debate has been ongoing in academic circles, particularly those inhabited by economic geographers, about the veracity of the regionalist approach and the explanatory power of the terminology associated with it. This paper analyses explicit efforts to engender regional economic development in the West Coast of South Africa. Our empirical evaluation indicates that policy actors have sought to upgrade the institutional infrastructure of the region and that some significant achievements are evident within this realm. However, these achievements are yet to be associated with sustained regional economic takeoff. The paper concludes by asking searching questions about the ability of the regionalist approach to deliver meaningful socio-economic transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
The effects of load and gradient on hand force responses during dynamic pushing and pulling tasks
- Bennett, Anthea I, Desai, Sheena D, Todd, Andrew I, Freeland, H
- Authors: Bennett, Anthea I , Desai, Sheena D , Todd, Andrew I , Freeland, H
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6757 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009459
- Description: The limited attention afforded to push/pull activities and the motion phases (initial, sustained and ending) characteristic of these tasks has prompted a research focus in this area. The present study examined biomechanical responses in the form of hand forces during dynamic submaximal trolley pushing and pulling. Participants pushed/pulled loads of 100, 200 and 300 kg on the level (determining impact of load) or pushed 100 kg along a 12° ramp (uphill and downhill- determining impact of gradient). During level exertions significant differences (p<0.05) in hand forces occurred between loads of 100 and 200 kg, and 100 and 300 kg for initial and sustained forces but not ending forces. Values were similar for pushing and pulling at respective loads and motion phases. Strong correlations indicate that initial forces can be used to accurately estimate sustained and ending forces. Importantly, correct technique is essential in force reduction. Forces were highest during uphill initial and sustained phases and the downhill sustained phase. For the initial phase, the forces were highest during uphill pushing (86.5 ± 25.73 N); for the sustained phase, there was no difference between uphill and downhill forces but level forces were significantly lower (18.19 ± 8.09 N) than either of the other two conditions; for the ending phase, the highest forces were produced during downhill pushing (-53.34 ± 13.65N). As sustained forces equaled or exceeded initial forces for uphill and downhill efforts, consideration of sustained forces may be appropriate in determining the inherent potential risk of graded pushing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Bennett, Anthea I , Desai, Sheena D , Todd, Andrew I , Freeland, H
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6757 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009459
- Description: The limited attention afforded to push/pull activities and the motion phases (initial, sustained and ending) characteristic of these tasks has prompted a research focus in this area. The present study examined biomechanical responses in the form of hand forces during dynamic submaximal trolley pushing and pulling. Participants pushed/pulled loads of 100, 200 and 300 kg on the level (determining impact of load) or pushed 100 kg along a 12° ramp (uphill and downhill- determining impact of gradient). During level exertions significant differences (p<0.05) in hand forces occurred between loads of 100 and 200 kg, and 100 and 300 kg for initial and sustained forces but not ending forces. Values were similar for pushing and pulling at respective loads and motion phases. Strong correlations indicate that initial forces can be used to accurately estimate sustained and ending forces. Importantly, correct technique is essential in force reduction. Forces were highest during uphill initial and sustained phases and the downhill sustained phase. For the initial phase, the forces were highest during uphill pushing (86.5 ± 25.73 N); for the sustained phase, there was no difference between uphill and downhill forces but level forces were significantly lower (18.19 ± 8.09 N) than either of the other two conditions; for the ending phase, the highest forces were produced during downhill pushing (-53.34 ± 13.65N). As sustained forces equaled or exceeded initial forces for uphill and downhill efforts, consideration of sustained forces may be appropriate in determining the inherent potential risk of graded pushing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Contrivance with purpose?: International relations and the reconstitution of the international
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161480 , vital:40631
- Description: In observing and plotting the dialectics of how our present world works, fragmenting as it integrates we struggle in wanting to pin down a moving target! Unlike the world of science with its physical laws, the social nature of the world and its relations across borders keep changing course with social and transnational relations constantly mutating. This makes it rather difficult to plot the complexity of human relations, also those across borders. As the late Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon once said, the social sciences are, after all, the really ‘hard’ sciences. They are so hard because they are so hard to explain.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161480 , vital:40631
- Description: In observing and plotting the dialectics of how our present world works, fragmenting as it integrates we struggle in wanting to pin down a moving target! Unlike the world of science with its physical laws, the social nature of the world and its relations across borders keep changing course with social and transnational relations constantly mutating. This makes it rather difficult to plot the complexity of human relations, also those across borders. As the late Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon once said, the social sciences are, after all, the really ‘hard’ sciences. They are so hard because they are so hard to explain.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Counting on demographic equity to transform institutional cultures at historically white South African universities?:
- Booi, Masixole, Vincent, Louise, Liccardo, Sabrina
- Authors: Booi, Masixole , Vincent, Louise , Liccardo, Sabrina
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141946 , vital:38018 , DOI: 10.1080/07294360.2017.1289155
- Description: The post-apartheid higher education transformation project is faced with the challenge of recruiting and retaining black academics and other senior staff. But when we shift the focus from participation rates to equality–inequality within historically white universities (HWUs), then the discourse changes from demographic equity and redress to institutional culture and diversity. HWUs invoke the need to maintain their position as leading higher education institutions globally, and notions of ‘quality’ and ‘excellence’ have emerged as discursive practices, which serve to perpetuate exclusion. The question then arises as to which forms of capital comprise the Gold Standard at HWUs? Several South African universities have responded to the challenge of recruiting and retaining black academics by initiating programmes for the ‘accelerated development’ of these candidates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Booi, Masixole , Vincent, Louise , Liccardo, Sabrina
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141946 , vital:38018 , DOI: 10.1080/07294360.2017.1289155
- Description: The post-apartheid higher education transformation project is faced with the challenge of recruiting and retaining black academics and other senior staff. But when we shift the focus from participation rates to equality–inequality within historically white universities (HWUs), then the discourse changes from demographic equity and redress to institutional culture and diversity. HWUs invoke the need to maintain their position as leading higher education institutions globally, and notions of ‘quality’ and ‘excellence’ have emerged as discursive practices, which serve to perpetuate exclusion. The question then arises as to which forms of capital comprise the Gold Standard at HWUs? Several South African universities have responded to the challenge of recruiting and retaining black academics by initiating programmes for the ‘accelerated development’ of these candidates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Molecular chaperones in biology, medicine and protein biotechnology
- Boshoff, Aileen, Nicoll, William S, Hennessy, Fritha, Ludewig, M H, Daniel, Sheril, Modisakeng, Keoagile W, Shonhai, Addmore, McNamara, Caryn, Bradley, Graeme, Blatch, Gregory L
- Authors: Boshoff, Aileen , Nicoll, William S , Hennessy, Fritha , Ludewig, M H , Daniel, Sheril , Modisakeng, Keoagile W , Shonhai, Addmore , McNamara, Caryn , Bradley, Graeme , Blatch, Gregory L
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6457 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004479
- Description: Molecular chaperones consist of several highly conserved families of proteins, many of which consist of heat shock proteins. The primary function of molecular chaperones is to facilitate the folding or refolding of proteins, and therefore they play an important role in diverse cellular processes including protein synthesis, protein translocation, and the refolding or degradation of proteins after cell stress. Cells are often exposed to different stressors, resulting in protein misfolding and aggregation. It is now well established that the levels of certain molecular chaperones are elevated during stress to provide protection to the cell. The focus of this review is on the impact of molecular chaperones in biology, medicine and protein biotechnology, and thus covers both fundamental and applied aspects of chaperone biology. Attention is paid to the functions and applications of molecular chaperones from bacterial and eukaryotic cells, focusing on the heat shock proteins 90 (Hsp90), 70 (Hsp70) and 40 (Hsp40) classes of chaperones, respectively. The role of these classes of chaperones in human diseases is discussed, as well as the parts played by chaperones produced by the causative agents of malaria and trypanosomiasis. Recent advances have seen the application of chaperones in improving the yields of a particular target protein in recombinant protein production. The prospects for the targeted use of molecular chaperones for the over-production of recombinant proteins is critically reviewed, and current research on these chaperones at Rhodes University is also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Boshoff, Aileen , Nicoll, William S , Hennessy, Fritha , Ludewig, M H , Daniel, Sheril , Modisakeng, Keoagile W , Shonhai, Addmore , McNamara, Caryn , Bradley, Graeme , Blatch, Gregory L
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6457 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004479
- Description: Molecular chaperones consist of several highly conserved families of proteins, many of which consist of heat shock proteins. The primary function of molecular chaperones is to facilitate the folding or refolding of proteins, and therefore they play an important role in diverse cellular processes including protein synthesis, protein translocation, and the refolding or degradation of proteins after cell stress. Cells are often exposed to different stressors, resulting in protein misfolding and aggregation. It is now well established that the levels of certain molecular chaperones are elevated during stress to provide protection to the cell. The focus of this review is on the impact of molecular chaperones in biology, medicine and protein biotechnology, and thus covers both fundamental and applied aspects of chaperone biology. Attention is paid to the functions and applications of molecular chaperones from bacterial and eukaryotic cells, focusing on the heat shock proteins 90 (Hsp90), 70 (Hsp70) and 40 (Hsp40) classes of chaperones, respectively. The role of these classes of chaperones in human diseases is discussed, as well as the parts played by chaperones produced by the causative agents of malaria and trypanosomiasis. Recent advances have seen the application of chaperones in improving the yields of a particular target protein in recombinant protein production. The prospects for the targeted use of molecular chaperones for the over-production of recombinant proteins is critically reviewed, and current research on these chaperones at Rhodes University is also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
The largest volcanic eruptions on Earth
- Bryan, Scott E, Peate, Ingrid Ukstins, Peate, David W, Self, Stephen, Jerram, Dougal A, Mawby, Michael R, Marsh, Julian S, Miller, Jodie A
- Authors: Bryan, Scott E , Peate, Ingrid Ukstins , Peate, David W , Self, Stephen , Jerram, Dougal A , Mawby, Michael R , Marsh, Julian S , Miller, Jodie A
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/132887 , vital:36902 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.07.001
- Description: Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are sites of the most frequently recurring, largest volume basaltic and silicic eruptions in Earth history. These large-volume (> 1000 km3 dense rock equivalent) and large-magnitude (> M8) eruptions produce really extensive (104–105 km2) basaltic lava flow fields and silicic ignimbrites that are the main building blocks of LIPs.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Bryan, Scott E , Peate, Ingrid Ukstins , Peate, David W , Self, Stephen , Jerram, Dougal A , Mawby, Michael R , Marsh, Julian S , Miller, Jodie A
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/132887 , vital:36902 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.07.001
- Description: Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are sites of the most frequently recurring, largest volume basaltic and silicic eruptions in Earth history. These large-volume (> 1000 km3 dense rock equivalent) and large-magnitude (> M8) eruptions produce really extensive (104–105 km2) basaltic lava flow fields and silicic ignimbrites that are the main building blocks of LIPs.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010
Evidence for protandry in Polydactylus quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary, Angola, and its implications for local fisheries
- Butler, Edward C, Childs, Amber-Robyn, Winkler, Alexander C, Milner, Marianne V, Potts, Warren M
- Authors: Butler, Edward C , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Winkler, Alexander C , Milner, Marianne V , Potts, Warren M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124451 , vital:35614 , https://doi.10.1007/s10641-017-0699-6
- Description: A total of 141 Polydactylus quadrifilis were sampled from the Kwanza Estuary in Angola ranging in size from 436 to 1360 mm fork-length (FL). Of these, 124 were male, six intersex and 11 female. Female fish were significantly longer (mm, FL) and heavier (kg) than males and had significantly higher gonadosomatic indices (GSI’s) than those of males and intersex fish. Transitional (intersex) gonads were delimited, with testicular and ovarian regions separated by connective tissue. The first signs of ovarian tissue appeared on the outer ventral surface of the gonad. A second layer of ovarian tissue was first noticeable at either end of the initial ovarian region and developed back towards the centre of the ventral wall to form a luminal space. Early-stage oocytes were commonly found in the outer area of male regions and residual late-stage spermatids and spermatozoa were found in the luminal space of ovarian regions, suggesting a process of sex change from the outside inwards. A loss of male function was noted with increased ovarian prevalence. Based on this evidence it is suggested that P. quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary are protandrous. Owing to the reliance of P. quadrifilis on large highly fecund females for egg production, it is likely that they will be sensitive to fishing practices that target larger individuals within the population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Butler, Edward C , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Winkler, Alexander C , Milner, Marianne V , Potts, Warren M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124451 , vital:35614 , https://doi.10.1007/s10641-017-0699-6
- Description: A total of 141 Polydactylus quadrifilis were sampled from the Kwanza Estuary in Angola ranging in size from 436 to 1360 mm fork-length (FL). Of these, 124 were male, six intersex and 11 female. Female fish were significantly longer (mm, FL) and heavier (kg) than males and had significantly higher gonadosomatic indices (GSI’s) than those of males and intersex fish. Transitional (intersex) gonads were delimited, with testicular and ovarian regions separated by connective tissue. The first signs of ovarian tissue appeared on the outer ventral surface of the gonad. A second layer of ovarian tissue was first noticeable at either end of the initial ovarian region and developed back towards the centre of the ventral wall to form a luminal space. Early-stage oocytes were commonly found in the outer area of male regions and residual late-stage spermatids and spermatozoa were found in the luminal space of ovarian regions, suggesting a process of sex change from the outside inwards. A loss of male function was noted with increased ovarian prevalence. Based on this evidence it is suggested that P. quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary are protandrous. Owing to the reliance of P. quadrifilis on large highly fecund females for egg production, it is likely that they will be sensitive to fishing practices that target larger individuals within the population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Contrasting habitat associations of imperilled endemic stream fishes from a global biodiversity hot spot
- Chakona, Albert, Swartz, E R
- Authors: Chakona, Albert , Swartz, E R
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7148 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011850 , http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/12/19
- Description: Knowledge of the factors that drive species distributions provides a fundamental baseline for several areas of research including biogeography, phylogeography and biodiversity conservation. Data from 148 minimally disturbed sites across a large drainage system in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa were used to test the hypothesis that stream fishes have similar responses to environmental determinants of species distribution. Two complementary statistical approaches, boosted regression trees and hierarchical partitioning, were used to model the responses of four fish species to 11 environmental predictors, and to quantify the independent explanatory power of each predictor.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Chakona, Albert , Swartz, E R
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7148 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011850 , http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/12/19
- Description: Knowledge of the factors that drive species distributions provides a fundamental baseline for several areas of research including biogeography, phylogeography and biodiversity conservation. Data from 148 minimally disturbed sites across a large drainage system in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa were used to test the hypothesis that stream fishes have similar responses to environmental determinants of species distribution. Two complementary statistical approaches, boosted regression trees and hierarchical partitioning, were used to model the responses of four fish species to 11 environmental predictors, and to quantify the independent explanatory power of each predictor.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Contrasting habitat associations of imperilled endemic stream fishes from a global biodiversity hot spot
- Chakona, Albert, Swartz, E R
- Authors: Chakona, Albert , Swartz, E R
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6777 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008087
- Description: Knowledge of the factors that drive species distributions provides a fundamental baseline for several areas of research including biogeography, phylogeography and biodiversity conservation. Data from 148 minimally disturbed sites across a large drainage system in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa were used to test the hypothesis that stream fishes have similar responses to environmental determinants of species distribution. Two complementary statistical approaches, boosted regression trees and hierarchical partitioning, were used to model the responses of four fish species to 11 environmental predictors, and to quantify the independent explanatory power of each predictor.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Chakona, Albert , Swartz, E R
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6777 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008087
- Description: Knowledge of the factors that drive species distributions provides a fundamental baseline for several areas of research including biogeography, phylogeography and biodiversity conservation. Data from 148 minimally disturbed sites across a large drainage system in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa were used to test the hypothesis that stream fishes have similar responses to environmental determinants of species distribution. Two complementary statistical approaches, boosted regression trees and hierarchical partitioning, were used to model the responses of four fish species to 11 environmental predictors, and to quantify the independent explanatory power of each predictor.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012