Effects of production systems and canola meal supplementation on carcass and meat quality characteristics of spent laying hens
- Authors: Semwogerere, Farouk
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Broilers (Chickens) -- Feeding and feeds Chickens -- Feeding and feeds Chicken industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9242 , vital:34309
- Description: This study evaluated the carcass and meat quality traits of spent laying hens as influenced by production systems (conventional cages and free range) and the inclusion/exclusion of canola meal in their diets. A total of 30 free range and 60 battery cage reared Lohmann Brown-Elite spent laying hens were obtained from a commercial egg producer. The 30 free range hens (53 weeks of age) and 30 of the caged hens (40 weeks of age) were fed a conventional diet, while the remaining 30 caged hens (48 weeks of age) were fed a diet supplemented with canola meal (20 percent). Carcass, portion and organ weights were determined. Physical attributes and proximate composition were analyzed for, with additional fatty acids and sensory profiles being determined for the effects of canola meal inclusion in the diet. Caged hens had heavier (P ≤ 0.05) warm and cold carcasses, thigh, wing and feet compared to free range hens. The percentages of the breast (26.1 ± 0.51 vs. 28.3 ± 0.28), drum, breast bones, breast thaw and cooking losses and thigh cooking loss were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for caged hens than for free range hens. Free range hens had heavier (P ≤ 0.05) gizzards (33.9 ± 1.04 vs. 30.5 ± 0.73) and bones and a lower (P ≤ 0.05) breast meat percentage (47.3 ± 0.94 vs. 51.7 ± 1.35). Meat redness (a*) (0.54 ± 0.222 vs. 1.40 ± 0.135) and hue angle value, skin redness (a*), breast and thigh, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values (breast: 12.37 ± 0.411 vs. 17.10 ± 0.751, thigh: 29.68 ± 0.306 vs. 39.75 ± 0.826), breast moisture and thigh ash content were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for caged hens than free range hens. Caged hens had higher (P ≤ 0.05) thigh thaw loss and breast ash content than free range hens. Canola-fed hens had higher (P ≤ 0.05) drum percentages, breast bone weights and percentages, with lower (P ≤ 0.05) thigh and breast meat percentages. Canola-fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) thaw losses, skin yellowness (b*) and Chroma values, breast fat content with higher cooking losses, skin redness (a*) and hue angle value, as well as breast WBSF (12.37 ± 0.411 vs. 15.43 ± 0.600). Palmitic acid, stearic acid, heneicosanoic acid acid, palmitoleic acid, saturated fatty acids (SFA) (34.0 ± 0.56 vs. 38.7 ± 0.71), n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio (5.5 ± 0.13 vs. 7.2 ± 0.28), atherogenic index (IA), thrombogenic index (IT), delta-5 desaturase (D5D, elongase index and thiosterase index were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for canola-fed hen breast meat. Breast meat from conventionally fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) myristic acid, lignoceric acid, nervonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), PUFA:SFA ratio (0.7 ± 0.05 vs. 0.9 ± 0.02), n-3 PUFA (3.4 ± 0.31 vs. 5.1 ± 0.17), hypocholesterolemic:Hypercholesterolaemic (h/H), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 16 (SCD16) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 18 (SCD18). The breast meat from conventionally fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) metallic flavor than that from canola-fed hens. Strong positive correlations were observed for overall aroma with chicken (r = 0.965, P < 0.001) and brothy aroma (r = 0.827, P < 0.001); overall aroma with overall flavor (r = 0.680, P < 0.001), chicken flavor (r = 0.668, P < 0.001) and brothy flavor (r = 0.548, P = 0.006); initial juiciness with sustained juiciness (r = 0.771, P < 0.001) and tenderness (r = 0.537, P = 0.007); sustained juiciness with tenderness (r = 0.790, P < 0.001) and chewiness with residue (r = 0.783, P < 0.001). Whilst strong negative correlations were observed for: sustained juiciness with chewiness (r = -0.655, P = 0.001) and residue (r = 0.783, P < 0.001) and for tenderness with chewiness (r = 0.845, P < 0.001) and residue (r = -0.855, P < 0.001). Results of this study highlight that a free range production system when compared to a conventional cage system increased undesirable carcass and physical meat traits of spent laying hens. On the other hand, canola meal inclusion incorporates beneficial health aspects without affecting the sensory profile of meat derived from spent laying hens, both groups of hens being reared in battery cage system. Spent laying hen breasts can be consumed as a functional food (especially canolafed) since the fat content and composition was observed to be close to that which is recommended for a healthy diet.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Semwogerere, Farouk
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Broilers (Chickens) -- Feeding and feeds Chickens -- Feeding and feeds Chicken industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9242 , vital:34309
- Description: This study evaluated the carcass and meat quality traits of spent laying hens as influenced by production systems (conventional cages and free range) and the inclusion/exclusion of canola meal in their diets. A total of 30 free range and 60 battery cage reared Lohmann Brown-Elite spent laying hens were obtained from a commercial egg producer. The 30 free range hens (53 weeks of age) and 30 of the caged hens (40 weeks of age) were fed a conventional diet, while the remaining 30 caged hens (48 weeks of age) were fed a diet supplemented with canola meal (20 percent). Carcass, portion and organ weights were determined. Physical attributes and proximate composition were analyzed for, with additional fatty acids and sensory profiles being determined for the effects of canola meal inclusion in the diet. Caged hens had heavier (P ≤ 0.05) warm and cold carcasses, thigh, wing and feet compared to free range hens. The percentages of the breast (26.1 ± 0.51 vs. 28.3 ± 0.28), drum, breast bones, breast thaw and cooking losses and thigh cooking loss were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for caged hens than for free range hens. Free range hens had heavier (P ≤ 0.05) gizzards (33.9 ± 1.04 vs. 30.5 ± 0.73) and bones and a lower (P ≤ 0.05) breast meat percentage (47.3 ± 0.94 vs. 51.7 ± 1.35). Meat redness (a*) (0.54 ± 0.222 vs. 1.40 ± 0.135) and hue angle value, skin redness (a*), breast and thigh, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values (breast: 12.37 ± 0.411 vs. 17.10 ± 0.751, thigh: 29.68 ± 0.306 vs. 39.75 ± 0.826), breast moisture and thigh ash content were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for caged hens than free range hens. Caged hens had higher (P ≤ 0.05) thigh thaw loss and breast ash content than free range hens. Canola-fed hens had higher (P ≤ 0.05) drum percentages, breast bone weights and percentages, with lower (P ≤ 0.05) thigh and breast meat percentages. Canola-fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) thaw losses, skin yellowness (b*) and Chroma values, breast fat content with higher cooking losses, skin redness (a*) and hue angle value, as well as breast WBSF (12.37 ± 0.411 vs. 15.43 ± 0.600). Palmitic acid, stearic acid, heneicosanoic acid acid, palmitoleic acid, saturated fatty acids (SFA) (34.0 ± 0.56 vs. 38.7 ± 0.71), n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio (5.5 ± 0.13 vs. 7.2 ± 0.28), atherogenic index (IA), thrombogenic index (IT), delta-5 desaturase (D5D, elongase index and thiosterase index were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for canola-fed hen breast meat. Breast meat from conventionally fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) myristic acid, lignoceric acid, nervonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), PUFA:SFA ratio (0.7 ± 0.05 vs. 0.9 ± 0.02), n-3 PUFA (3.4 ± 0.31 vs. 5.1 ± 0.17), hypocholesterolemic:Hypercholesterolaemic (h/H), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 16 (SCD16) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 18 (SCD18). The breast meat from conventionally fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) metallic flavor than that from canola-fed hens. Strong positive correlations were observed for overall aroma with chicken (r = 0.965, P < 0.001) and brothy aroma (r = 0.827, P < 0.001); overall aroma with overall flavor (r = 0.680, P < 0.001), chicken flavor (r = 0.668, P < 0.001) and brothy flavor (r = 0.548, P = 0.006); initial juiciness with sustained juiciness (r = 0.771, P < 0.001) and tenderness (r = 0.537, P = 0.007); sustained juiciness with tenderness (r = 0.790, P < 0.001) and chewiness with residue (r = 0.783, P < 0.001). Whilst strong negative correlations were observed for: sustained juiciness with chewiness (r = -0.655, P = 0.001) and residue (r = 0.783, P < 0.001) and for tenderness with chewiness (r = 0.845, P < 0.001) and residue (r = -0.855, P < 0.001). Results of this study highlight that a free range production system when compared to a conventional cage system increased undesirable carcass and physical meat traits of spent laying hens. On the other hand, canola meal inclusion incorporates beneficial health aspects without affecting the sensory profile of meat derived from spent laying hens, both groups of hens being reared in battery cage system. Spent laying hen breasts can be consumed as a functional food (especially canolafed) since the fat content and composition was observed to be close to that which is recommended for a healthy diet.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Factors influencing the hygienic quality of milk yield from smallholder dairy herds in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Dube, Hlengani Paul
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Milk hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Animal Science
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10790 , vital:35761
- Description: The objective of the study was to identify factors influencing the hygienic quality of milk of smallholder dairy herds in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Three smallholder herds participating in the National Animal recording scheme and located in Alexandria and East London District Municipalities were used. 90 dairy animals from 3 farms were used, each farm consisting of 30 animals. Three breeds of ten animals were randomly chosen from each farm, the three breeds include, (Holstein, Jersey and Crosses), and four seasons, (autumn, winter, spring and summer) were used to determine the effects of breed and season on the hygienic quality of milk. Milk components included fat percentage, protein percentage, lactose percentage, milk urea nitrogen, milk yield and somatic cell counts (SCC). A total of 1080 milk samples were collected in the afternoon after milking. Procedure of general linear model of SAS was used to determine the effects of breed, season and farm of the milk quality parameters. Means were separated by PDIFF test (α = 0.05). Fixed effects of season, breed and farm, along with 2 way interactions of season and farm and breed and farm were determined. An evaluation template was used to identify the factors affecting hygienic quality of milk. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were used. In order to investigate associations between variables of interest, a Pearson Chi-square test was done. The Chi-square test was also used to determine significantly independent findings at a P < 0.10 level of confidence. Cross tabulations were done to establish a basis for comparison and to find out if there is a relationship between two or more variables. The breeds kept within the smallholder dairy herds include Holstein, Jersey, Ayrshire, Guernsey and their Crosses. All farmers’practised pasture based dairy farming system, which includes exclusive dairy production and dairy with other animals like poultry and pigs. 33.33 percent of the smallholder herds use the machine milking method, while 66.67 percent use both the machine and hand milking methods. Milking time is uniform throughout the farms, with milking being done twice a day, in the morning and afternoon. The hygiene practices of the farms were largely similar from farm to farm. Before milking, the udders and teats of animals are washed with clean running water. After milking, the teats of the animals are dipped in teat dip to prevent mastitis. All the farmers’ dairy milking facilities have a permanent water source with continuous supply throughout the year. The water sources vary according to farms, with 33.33% use boreholes, while 66.67 percent utilise rivers and springs. Farmers face numerous challenges such as ageing and dilapidated equipment and infrastructure, limited capital that reduces the number of employees on farm and the purchase of feed inputs to support the milking procedure. Effect of season on milk quality, were significantly (P <0.001) different in milk yield, lactose, and somatic cell counts, and significant different at (P < 0.05) for milk urea nitrogen. High milk yields are observed in spring, and winter, while low milk yields are observed in autumn. High values for fat and protein content were observed in winter. High somatic cell counts were observed in autumn than in spring summer and winter. Effects of farm, on milk quality were significantly (P < 0.001) different on milk yield, fat, protein, lactose, and milk urea nitrogen, and significantly different (P < 0.01) for somatic cell counts. Milk yields varied from 14.03kg/day, 15.51kg/day, and 20.12kg/day, fat percentage varied from 4.52 percent, 4.36 percent, and 4.18 percent, protein percentages of 3.55 percent, 3.44 percent, and 3.47 percent, lactose percentage of 4.47 percent, 4.65 percent, and 4.69 percent, somatic cell counts of 588.42cells/ml, 308.90cells/ml, and 437.43cells/ml, and milk urea nitrogen of 9.84mg/100ml, 10.03mg/100ml, and 10.91mg/100ml for High heaven, Soqhayisa and Matshibele farms respectively. Effect of breed on milk quality, were significantly (P < 0.001) different for milk yield, fat and protein percentage. Milk yields amongst breeds varied at 15.57kg/day, 17.92kg/day, and 16.18kg/day, fat percentages of 4.51 percent, 4.18 percent, and 4.37 percent, protein percentages of 3.55 percent, 3.39 percent, and 3.52 percent, for Jersey, Holstein Cross bred breeds respectively. There were no differences in lactose percentage, somatic cell counts, and milk urea nitrogen amongst breeds. The interaction between farm and season had an effect on milk yield (P < 0.0004), lactose (P < 0.0001), somatic cell counts (P < 0.0001), milk urea nitrogen (P < 0.0019). Milk fat and protein had no effect of farm and season. The interaction between farm and breed had an effect on milk yield (P < 0.0018), fat (P < 0.0001), protein (P < 0.0001), lactose (P < 0.0227), milk urea nitrogen (P < 0.0373). Farm and breed had no effect onsomatic cell counts. The effect of the farm had a greater detrimental effect on the variations in milk composition within the season and the breed. Milk quality is mainly affected by the farm management practices which at times are affected by the farmer’s resources to achieve the basic routine activities for clean milk. Improving the hygienic practises such as udder cleaning, removal of feed from the troughs, and environmental sanitation will increase milk quality in smallholder herds. Smallholder dairy herds were able to meet the milk quality standards of low somatic cell counts that are acceptable as grade A milk.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dube, Hlengani Paul
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Milk hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Animal Science
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10790 , vital:35761
- Description: The objective of the study was to identify factors influencing the hygienic quality of milk of smallholder dairy herds in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Three smallholder herds participating in the National Animal recording scheme and located in Alexandria and East London District Municipalities were used. 90 dairy animals from 3 farms were used, each farm consisting of 30 animals. Three breeds of ten animals were randomly chosen from each farm, the three breeds include, (Holstein, Jersey and Crosses), and four seasons, (autumn, winter, spring and summer) were used to determine the effects of breed and season on the hygienic quality of milk. Milk components included fat percentage, protein percentage, lactose percentage, milk urea nitrogen, milk yield and somatic cell counts (SCC). A total of 1080 milk samples were collected in the afternoon after milking. Procedure of general linear model of SAS was used to determine the effects of breed, season and farm of the milk quality parameters. Means were separated by PDIFF test (α = 0.05). Fixed effects of season, breed and farm, along with 2 way interactions of season and farm and breed and farm were determined. An evaluation template was used to identify the factors affecting hygienic quality of milk. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were used. In order to investigate associations between variables of interest, a Pearson Chi-square test was done. The Chi-square test was also used to determine significantly independent findings at a P < 0.10 level of confidence. Cross tabulations were done to establish a basis for comparison and to find out if there is a relationship between two or more variables. The breeds kept within the smallholder dairy herds include Holstein, Jersey, Ayrshire, Guernsey and their Crosses. All farmers’practised pasture based dairy farming system, which includes exclusive dairy production and dairy with other animals like poultry and pigs. 33.33 percent of the smallholder herds use the machine milking method, while 66.67 percent use both the machine and hand milking methods. Milking time is uniform throughout the farms, with milking being done twice a day, in the morning and afternoon. The hygiene practices of the farms were largely similar from farm to farm. Before milking, the udders and teats of animals are washed with clean running water. After milking, the teats of the animals are dipped in teat dip to prevent mastitis. All the farmers’ dairy milking facilities have a permanent water source with continuous supply throughout the year. The water sources vary according to farms, with 33.33% use boreholes, while 66.67 percent utilise rivers and springs. Farmers face numerous challenges such as ageing and dilapidated equipment and infrastructure, limited capital that reduces the number of employees on farm and the purchase of feed inputs to support the milking procedure. Effect of season on milk quality, were significantly (P <0.001) different in milk yield, lactose, and somatic cell counts, and significant different at (P < 0.05) for milk urea nitrogen. High milk yields are observed in spring, and winter, while low milk yields are observed in autumn. High values for fat and protein content were observed in winter. High somatic cell counts were observed in autumn than in spring summer and winter. Effects of farm, on milk quality were significantly (P < 0.001) different on milk yield, fat, protein, lactose, and milk urea nitrogen, and significantly different (P < 0.01) for somatic cell counts. Milk yields varied from 14.03kg/day, 15.51kg/day, and 20.12kg/day, fat percentage varied from 4.52 percent, 4.36 percent, and 4.18 percent, protein percentages of 3.55 percent, 3.44 percent, and 3.47 percent, lactose percentage of 4.47 percent, 4.65 percent, and 4.69 percent, somatic cell counts of 588.42cells/ml, 308.90cells/ml, and 437.43cells/ml, and milk urea nitrogen of 9.84mg/100ml, 10.03mg/100ml, and 10.91mg/100ml for High heaven, Soqhayisa and Matshibele farms respectively. Effect of breed on milk quality, were significantly (P < 0.001) different for milk yield, fat and protein percentage. Milk yields amongst breeds varied at 15.57kg/day, 17.92kg/day, and 16.18kg/day, fat percentages of 4.51 percent, 4.18 percent, and 4.37 percent, protein percentages of 3.55 percent, 3.39 percent, and 3.52 percent, for Jersey, Holstein Cross bred breeds respectively. There were no differences in lactose percentage, somatic cell counts, and milk urea nitrogen amongst breeds. The interaction between farm and season had an effect on milk yield (P < 0.0004), lactose (P < 0.0001), somatic cell counts (P < 0.0001), milk urea nitrogen (P < 0.0019). Milk fat and protein had no effect of farm and season. The interaction between farm and breed had an effect on milk yield (P < 0.0018), fat (P < 0.0001), protein (P < 0.0001), lactose (P < 0.0227), milk urea nitrogen (P < 0.0373). Farm and breed had no effect onsomatic cell counts. The effect of the farm had a greater detrimental effect on the variations in milk composition within the season and the breed. Milk quality is mainly affected by the farm management practices which at times are affected by the farmer’s resources to achieve the basic routine activities for clean milk. Improving the hygienic practises such as udder cleaning, removal of feed from the troughs, and environmental sanitation will increase milk quality in smallholder herds. Smallholder dairy herds were able to meet the milk quality standards of low somatic cell counts that are acceptable as grade A milk.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The moderating role of occupational self-efficacy and organisational justice in the relationship between perceived job insecurity and counterproductive work behaviour among bank employees in Nigeria
- Authors: Oluwole, Olugbenga Joseph
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Job security Self-efficacy Bank employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12665 , vital:39297
- Description: The unstable global economy and the drive by every organisation to remain in business and be competitive has led to many organisational downsizing, which in turn poses concerns towards identifying behaviours of the survivors’. These behaviours constitute the components of employees’ job performance which include task performance, organisational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). One of the major behavioural concerns facing organisations globally, in particular in Nigeria, is CWB, which previous studies identified as an attitudinal reaction of perceived job insecurity. Very few empirical studies in Nigeria have attempted to examine the relationship as well as the variables that can moderate the negative effect of job insecurity-CWB. This study, therefore, explores the moderating effects of occupational self-efficacy (OSE) and organisational justice on the job insecurity–CWB relationship among bank employees in Nigeria. Four theories provided the framework for the study, while a descriptive research design which utilized a cross-sectional survey was used. The multi-stage sampling procedure and purposive technique were employed to select the two participating banking organisations from the 22 licensed commercial banks in Nigeria. Using the convenience sampling technique, a total of 380 Nigerian bank employees who gave their personal consent participated through a structured questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of all the instruments are as follows: counterproductive work behaviour (α = .92), perceived job insecurity (α = .65), occupational self-efficacy (α = .82), organisational justice (α = .93) were used for data collection. The sample was taken from branches of the two selected banking organisations that cut across Lagos State, Nigeria, a cosmopolitan and Nigeria business hub. Six hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, zero-order correlation and hierarchical multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance. A significant positive relationship existed between: job insecurity and CWB (r = .14); job insecurity and sabotage (r = .23), job insecurity and withdrawal (r = .14) and job insecurity and abuse (r = .20) of sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant relationship existed between OSE and CWB (r = .12); OSE and withdrawal (r = .27) and OSE and abuse (r = .12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. And lastly, a significant positive relationship existed between organisational justice and CWB (r = .11); distributive justice and CWB (r = .13), procedural justice and CWB (r = .17); organisational justice and withdrawal (r = .35), and a negative relationship between organisational justice and production deviance (r = -.12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant positive relationship existed on distributive justice and withdrawal behaviour (r = .22) and distributive justice and abuse (r = .12); procedural justice and sabotage (r = .17); procedural justice and withdrawal (r = .44); Interactional justice and withdrawal (r = .29) and a significant negative relationship existed on interactional justice and sabotage. Furthermore, there were significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity- CWB relationship (β = .11, p<.05); significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity-abuse behaviour (β = .13, p<.05) of sub-dimension of CWB. Also, there was significant moderator effects of organisational justice in job insecurity-CWB relationship (β = -.10, p<.05), interaction effect of procedural justice in job insecurity-withdrawal behaviour relationship (β = .24, p<.01) and interaction effect of interactional justice in job insecurity-abuse behaviour relationship (β = -.39, p<.001). And lastly, there was no significant joint moderator effects of OSE and organisational justice in job insecurity and CWB relationship (β = .00, ns), while there was significant moderator effect of joint OSE and organisational justice on job insecurity – sabotage relationshi0p (β = .17, p<.01) and job insecurity – withdrawal behaviour (β = .14, p<.01) The findings of this study pointed to the significance of employees’ cognitive sense as important and stable resources which organisational practitioners need to take into consideration during organisational change approach. Also, the banking organisation must clearly state the procedure and implementations of downsizing policies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oluwole, Olugbenga Joseph
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Job security Self-efficacy Bank employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12665 , vital:39297
- Description: The unstable global economy and the drive by every organisation to remain in business and be competitive has led to many organisational downsizing, which in turn poses concerns towards identifying behaviours of the survivors’. These behaviours constitute the components of employees’ job performance which include task performance, organisational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). One of the major behavioural concerns facing organisations globally, in particular in Nigeria, is CWB, which previous studies identified as an attitudinal reaction of perceived job insecurity. Very few empirical studies in Nigeria have attempted to examine the relationship as well as the variables that can moderate the negative effect of job insecurity-CWB. This study, therefore, explores the moderating effects of occupational self-efficacy (OSE) and organisational justice on the job insecurity–CWB relationship among bank employees in Nigeria. Four theories provided the framework for the study, while a descriptive research design which utilized a cross-sectional survey was used. The multi-stage sampling procedure and purposive technique were employed to select the two participating banking organisations from the 22 licensed commercial banks in Nigeria. Using the convenience sampling technique, a total of 380 Nigerian bank employees who gave their personal consent participated through a structured questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of all the instruments are as follows: counterproductive work behaviour (α = .92), perceived job insecurity (α = .65), occupational self-efficacy (α = .82), organisational justice (α = .93) were used for data collection. The sample was taken from branches of the two selected banking organisations that cut across Lagos State, Nigeria, a cosmopolitan and Nigeria business hub. Six hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, zero-order correlation and hierarchical multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance. A significant positive relationship existed between: job insecurity and CWB (r = .14); job insecurity and sabotage (r = .23), job insecurity and withdrawal (r = .14) and job insecurity and abuse (r = .20) of sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant relationship existed between OSE and CWB (r = .12); OSE and withdrawal (r = .27) and OSE and abuse (r = .12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. And lastly, a significant positive relationship existed between organisational justice and CWB (r = .11); distributive justice and CWB (r = .13), procedural justice and CWB (r = .17); organisational justice and withdrawal (r = .35), and a negative relationship between organisational justice and production deviance (r = -.12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant positive relationship existed on distributive justice and withdrawal behaviour (r = .22) and distributive justice and abuse (r = .12); procedural justice and sabotage (r = .17); procedural justice and withdrawal (r = .44); Interactional justice and withdrawal (r = .29) and a significant negative relationship existed on interactional justice and sabotage. Furthermore, there were significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity- CWB relationship (β = .11, p<.05); significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity-abuse behaviour (β = .13, p<.05) of sub-dimension of CWB. Also, there was significant moderator effects of organisational justice in job insecurity-CWB relationship (β = -.10, p<.05), interaction effect of procedural justice in job insecurity-withdrawal behaviour relationship (β = .24, p<.01) and interaction effect of interactional justice in job insecurity-abuse behaviour relationship (β = -.39, p<.001). And lastly, there was no significant joint moderator effects of OSE and organisational justice in job insecurity and CWB relationship (β = .00, ns), while there was significant moderator effect of joint OSE and organisational justice on job insecurity – sabotage relationshi0p (β = .17, p<.01) and job insecurity – withdrawal behaviour (β = .14, p<.01) The findings of this study pointed to the significance of employees’ cognitive sense as important and stable resources which organisational practitioners need to take into consideration during organisational change approach. Also, the banking organisation must clearly state the procedure and implementations of downsizing policies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
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