Shaping society from below social movements, social policy and development
- Authors: Alfers, Laura C
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/478194 , vital:78163 , ISBN 9781785368424 , https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785368431.00010
- Description: One of the lasting legacies of Marxist thought for the study of state and society is the idea that social change and the way this change is institutionalized through the state, in its regulations, laws and policies is a result of the contestation of social forces. Running through this are questions about the interplay of structure and agency, power and the response to power, and debates about whether, how and under what conditions organized groups of the less powerful can use their relative numerical dominance to engage with more powerful interests to improve their situation. The concern with how forces from below initiate, engage with, challenge and/or resist social change has characterized a wideranging academic literature, crossing multiple disciplinary boundaries. The result has been a large and diverse body of scholarship on what are known as social movements, which are broadly defined by Tilly (2004) as groups of ordinary people who mobilize around a common interest to make collective claims on others. While much social movement scholarship is focused on groups of people organizing for greater social and economic inclusion, it is important to acknowledge that social movements can also mobilize around issues that are considered exclusionary (for example, neo-Nazi groups, anti-immigration and religious fundamentalism).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Alfers, Laura C
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/478194 , vital:78163 , ISBN 9781785368424 , https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785368431.00010
- Description: One of the lasting legacies of Marxist thought for the study of state and society is the idea that social change and the way this change is institutionalized through the state, in its regulations, laws and policies is a result of the contestation of social forces. Running through this are questions about the interplay of structure and agency, power and the response to power, and debates about whether, how and under what conditions organized groups of the less powerful can use their relative numerical dominance to engage with more powerful interests to improve their situation. The concern with how forces from below initiate, engage with, challenge and/or resist social change has characterized a wideranging academic literature, crossing multiple disciplinary boundaries. The result has been a large and diverse body of scholarship on what are known as social movements, which are broadly defined by Tilly (2004) as groups of ordinary people who mobilize around a common interest to make collective claims on others. While much social movement scholarship is focused on groups of people organizing for greater social and economic inclusion, it is important to acknowledge that social movements can also mobilize around issues that are considered exclusionary (for example, neo-Nazi groups, anti-immigration and religious fundamentalism).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Students’ changing accounts of chemical engineering: a longitudinal study in three countries
- Ashwin, Paul, Agrawal, Ashish, Blackie, Margaret A L, McArthur, Jan, Pitterson, Nicole, Smit, Reneé
- Authors: Ashwin, Paul , Agrawal, Ashish , Blackie, Margaret A L , McArthur, Jan , Pitterson, Nicole , Smit, Reneé
- Date: 2025
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484562 , vital:78949 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2025.2509633
- Description: In this article we examine how students’ accounts of chemical engineering change during their undergraduate degrees and whether these changes were related to the educational intentions of their degree programs in two English, two South African and two US universities. Based on interviews with forty-five students over the course of their undergraduate chemical engineering degree, we found that initially most students did not know what chemical engineering was or thought it was about undertaking chemistry on a large scale. By the end of their degrees, most students had reached a watershed account of chemical engineering and saw it as about the design of large-scale processes of production. The changes in students’ accounts of chemical engineering appeared to be related to the educational intentions of their degree programs. We explore the implications of these outcomes for curriculum development in chemical engineering.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025
- Authors: Ashwin, Paul , Agrawal, Ashish , Blackie, Margaret A L , McArthur, Jan , Pitterson, Nicole , Smit, Reneé
- Date: 2025
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484562 , vital:78949 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2025.2509633
- Description: In this article we examine how students’ accounts of chemical engineering change during their undergraduate degrees and whether these changes were related to the educational intentions of their degree programs in two English, two South African and two US universities. Based on interviews with forty-five students over the course of their undergraduate chemical engineering degree, we found that initially most students did not know what chemical engineering was or thought it was about undertaking chemistry on a large scale. By the end of their degrees, most students had reached a watershed account of chemical engineering and saw it as about the design of large-scale processes of production. The changes in students’ accounts of chemical engineering appeared to be related to the educational intentions of their degree programs. We explore the implications of these outcomes for curriculum development in chemical engineering.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025
Site of struggle: the Freedom Park fracas and the divisive legacy of South Africa’s Border War/Liberation Struggle
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126954 , vital:35938 , https://doi.10.1080/02533950903076428
- Description: In South Africa, Carcharias taurus is commonly known as the ragged-tooth shark or raggie. The species is also referred to as the sand-tiger shark in North America and as the grey-nurse shark in Australia. It is a long-lived species with an estimated longevity of up to 40 years (Goldman 2002). Female sharks reach sexual maturity at approximately 10 years (Goldman 2002), and they exhibit a biennial reproductive cycle (Branstetter and Musick 1994, Lucifora et al. 2002, G Cliff, Natal Sharks Board, unpublished data). Intra-uterine cannibalisation results in a maximum fecundity of two pups per litter after a gestation period of approximately 9–12 months (Bass et al. 1975, Gilmore et al. 1983). These life-history characteristics make this species particularly susceptible to overexploitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126954 , vital:35938 , https://doi.10.1080/02533950903076428
- Description: In South Africa, Carcharias taurus is commonly known as the ragged-tooth shark or raggie. The species is also referred to as the sand-tiger shark in North America and as the grey-nurse shark in Australia. It is a long-lived species with an estimated longevity of up to 40 years (Goldman 2002). Female sharks reach sexual maturity at approximately 10 years (Goldman 2002), and they exhibit a biennial reproductive cycle (Branstetter and Musick 1994, Lucifora et al. 2002, G Cliff, Natal Sharks Board, unpublished data). Intra-uterine cannibalisation results in a maximum fecundity of two pups per litter after a gestation period of approximately 9–12 months (Bass et al. 1975, Gilmore et al. 1983). These life-history characteristics make this species particularly susceptible to overexploitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Vulnerability and poverty dynamics in rural areas of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Baiyegunhi, Lloyd J S, Fraser, Gavin C G
- Authors: Baiyegunhi, Lloyd J S , Fraser, Gavin C G
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473079 , vital:77604 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/gjds/article/view/74661
- Description: If the aim of studying poverty is not only improving the well-being of households who are currently poor, but also preventing people from becoming poor in the future, a new forward looking perspective must be adopted. This study analyses determinants of household poverty dynamics in rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa using a panel dataset on a representative sample of 300 rural households in the Amathole District Municipality. The result of the study shows a significant flow in and out of poverty, which is a sign of vulnerability. While 63% of the sampled households are poor (ex post), while 48% are vulnerable to becoming poor (ex ante) in future. The result of the probit model indicates that age, level of education and household heads’ occupation, dependency ratio, remittance/diversified income base, exposure to idiosyncratic risks and access to credit are statistically significant in explaining households’ vulnerability to poverty. Implications for policy are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Baiyegunhi, Lloyd J S , Fraser, Gavin C G
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473079 , vital:77604 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/gjds/article/view/74661
- Description: If the aim of studying poverty is not only improving the well-being of households who are currently poor, but also preventing people from becoming poor in the future, a new forward looking perspective must be adopted. This study analyses determinants of household poverty dynamics in rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa using a panel dataset on a representative sample of 300 rural households in the Amathole District Municipality. The result of the study shows a significant flow in and out of poverty, which is a sign of vulnerability. While 63% of the sampled households are poor (ex post), while 48% are vulnerable to becoming poor (ex ante) in future. The result of the probit model indicates that age, level of education and household heads’ occupation, dependency ratio, remittance/diversified income base, exposure to idiosyncratic risks and access to credit are statistically significant in explaining households’ vulnerability to poverty. Implications for policy are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Phylogeny, biogeography, and the evolution of life-history traits in Leucadendron (Proteaceae)
- Barker, Nigel P, Vanderpoorten, Alain, Morton, Cynthia M, Rourke, John P
- Authors: Barker, Nigel P , Vanderpoorten, Alain , Morton, Cynthia M , Rourke, John P
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6496 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004491
- Description: Leucadendron is a moderately large genus of Proteaceae almost entirely restricted to the Cape Floristic Region of southern Africa. The genus is unusual in being dioecious and sexually dimorphic. ITS sequence data were obtained from 62 of the 96 currently recognized taxa (85 species and 11 subspecies). Phylogenetic analyses were conducted under Maximum Likelihood and parsimony and resolved nine groups of species with varying degrees of bootstrap support, but relationships between these groups are largely unsupported. The phylogeny conflicts with the current taxonomic arrangement, which is based mainly on fruit morphology. The two sections of the genus, Alatosperma and Leucadendron, and several subsections within these sections, are resolved as non-monophyletic. This means that taxonomically important characters (such as fruit shape) have evolved multiple times, as the species with nutlike fruit (resolved into two of the nine groups) appear to have evolved independently from ancestors with winged fruit. Based on the topology obtained, the life history traits of anemophily, myrmechochory, and re-sprouting have also originated multiple times. Dispersal–Vicariance (DIVA) analysis suggests that the genus had an ancestral area in the Karoo Mountain and Southeastern phytogeographic centres of endemism in the southwestern Cape. , Elsevier
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Barker, Nigel P , Vanderpoorten, Alain , Morton, Cynthia M , Rourke, John P
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6496 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004491
- Description: Leucadendron is a moderately large genus of Proteaceae almost entirely restricted to the Cape Floristic Region of southern Africa. The genus is unusual in being dioecious and sexually dimorphic. ITS sequence data were obtained from 62 of the 96 currently recognized taxa (85 species and 11 subspecies). Phylogenetic analyses were conducted under Maximum Likelihood and parsimony and resolved nine groups of species with varying degrees of bootstrap support, but relationships between these groups are largely unsupported. The phylogeny conflicts with the current taxonomic arrangement, which is based mainly on fruit morphology. The two sections of the genus, Alatosperma and Leucadendron, and several subsections within these sections, are resolved as non-monophyletic. This means that taxonomically important characters (such as fruit shape) have evolved multiple times, as the species with nutlike fruit (resolved into two of the nine groups) appear to have evolved independently from ancestors with winged fruit. Based on the topology obtained, the life history traits of anemophily, myrmechochory, and re-sprouting have also originated multiple times. Dispersal–Vicariance (DIVA) analysis suggests that the genus had an ancestral area in the Karoo Mountain and Southeastern phytogeographic centres of endemism in the southwestern Cape. , Elsevier
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
'She travels alone and unattended’: the visit to the Eastern Cape of the botanical artist, Marianne North
- Authors: Beard, Margot
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147759 , vital:38668 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2007.11877077
- Description: The visit of the botanical artist, Marianne North, to South Africa during 1882 to 1883, although frequently referred to, has not received much close attention; nor has her account of the visit, in her ‘Recollections of a happy’ life, been set against the actual conditions she would have encountered. This paper attempts to flesh out at least part of that visit, specifically the weeks she spent in the Eastern Cape Colony and, more particularly, her visits to Port Elizabeth, Grahamstown and Port Alfred. What were these three centres like at the time? Who were the people she mentions? Where did she stay? How do her observations tally with other accounts of the period?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Beard, Margot
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147759 , vital:38668 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2007.11877077
- Description: The visit of the botanical artist, Marianne North, to South Africa during 1882 to 1883, although frequently referred to, has not received much close attention; nor has her account of the visit, in her ‘Recollections of a happy’ life, been set against the actual conditions she would have encountered. This paper attempts to flesh out at least part of that visit, specifically the weeks she spent in the Eastern Cape Colony and, more particularly, her visits to Port Elizabeth, Grahamstown and Port Alfred. What were these three centres like at the time? Who were the people she mentions? Where did she stay? How do her observations tally with other accounts of the period?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The party-state in the land occupations of Zimbabwe: the case of Shamva district
- Bhatasara, Sandra, Helliker, Kirk D
- Authors: Bhatasara, Sandra , Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71353 , vital:29836 , https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616658316
- Description: There has been significant debate about the land occupations which occurred from the year 2000 in Zimbabwe, with a key controversy concerning the role of the state and ruling party (or party-state) in the occupations. This controversy, deriving from two grand narratives about the occupations, remains unresolved. A burgeoning literature exists on the Zimbabwean state’s fast-track land reform programme, which arose in the context of the occupations, but this literature is concerned mainly with post-occupation developments on fast-track farms. This article seeks to contribute to resolving the controversy surrounding the party-state and the land occupations by examining the occupations in the Shamva District of Mashonaland Central Province. The fieldwork for our Shamva study focused exclusively on the land occupations (and not on the fast-track farms) and was undertaken in May 2015. We conclude from our Shamva study that involvement by the party-state did not take on an institutionalised form but was of a personalised character entailing interventions by specific party and state actors.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Bhatasara, Sandra , Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71353 , vital:29836 , https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616658316
- Description: There has been significant debate about the land occupations which occurred from the year 2000 in Zimbabwe, with a key controversy concerning the role of the state and ruling party (or party-state) in the occupations. This controversy, deriving from two grand narratives about the occupations, remains unresolved. A burgeoning literature exists on the Zimbabwean state’s fast-track land reform programme, which arose in the context of the occupations, but this literature is concerned mainly with post-occupation developments on fast-track farms. This article seeks to contribute to resolving the controversy surrounding the party-state and the land occupations by examining the occupations in the Shamva District of Mashonaland Central Province. The fieldwork for our Shamva study focused exclusively on the land occupations (and not on the fast-track farms) and was undertaken in May 2015. We conclude from our Shamva study that involvement by the party-state did not take on an institutionalised form but was of a personalised character entailing interventions by specific party and state actors.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Enigmatic trace fossils from the Aeolian lower Jurassic Clarens formation, Southern Africa
- Authors: Bordy, Emese M
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6730 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007538
- Description: The Lower Jurassic aeolienites of the Clarens Formation in southern Africa contain unique sedimentary structures that are unlikely to be non-biogenic. They are also unlike any known modern or ancient trace fossils. Here, some nigmatic, horizontal,regularly-oriented sedimentary structures are described, which occur in association with other trace fossils as well as features that were previously nterpreted as nests of termites or termite-like ancient social nsects. These spectacular structures are exposed in enormous profusion as straight, ~5 mm cylinders with strong compass orientation, in parallel alignment with one another and to ancient horizontal bedding planes. Their fill is identical to that of the host rock: clean, well-sorted, very fine- to finegrained quartz-arenite. In cross-section, each structure is defined by a subtle, ~0.1 mm thin, concentric gap. Without comparable modern biogenic structures, the biological origin of the structures is uncertain. Their strong compass orientations are, however, also inconsistent with an inorganic origin, even though they may resemble pipey concretions generated by flowing groundwater. Nonetheless, this paper, based on spatiotemporal distribution patterns of the oriented structures, their locally high abundance and association with obvious trace fossils, as well as other sedimentological and palaeontological lines of evidence, argues that the compass structures may be products of ancient social invertebrates living in a resource-limited, semi-arid to arid environment. Furthermore, the compass structures as well as the accompanying structures of the predominantly aeolian Clarens Formation collectively imply the recurrence of favourable ecological parameters (e.g., moist ubstrates) related to episodic climate fluctuations in the Early Jurassic of southern Pangaea (i.e., southern Gondwana).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Bordy, Emese M
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6730 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007538
- Description: The Lower Jurassic aeolienites of the Clarens Formation in southern Africa contain unique sedimentary structures that are unlikely to be non-biogenic. They are also unlike any known modern or ancient trace fossils. Here, some nigmatic, horizontal,regularly-oriented sedimentary structures are described, which occur in association with other trace fossils as well as features that were previously nterpreted as nests of termites or termite-like ancient social nsects. These spectacular structures are exposed in enormous profusion as straight, ~5 mm cylinders with strong compass orientation, in parallel alignment with one another and to ancient horizontal bedding planes. Their fill is identical to that of the host rock: clean, well-sorted, very fine- to finegrained quartz-arenite. In cross-section, each structure is defined by a subtle, ~0.1 mm thin, concentric gap. Without comparable modern biogenic structures, the biological origin of the structures is uncertain. Their strong compass orientations are, however, also inconsistent with an inorganic origin, even though they may resemble pipey concretions generated by flowing groundwater. Nonetheless, this paper, based on spatiotemporal distribution patterns of the oriented structures, their locally high abundance and association with obvious trace fossils, as well as other sedimentological and palaeontological lines of evidence, argues that the compass structures may be products of ancient social invertebrates living in a resource-limited, semi-arid to arid environment. Furthermore, the compass structures as well as the accompanying structures of the predominantly aeolian Clarens Formation collectively imply the recurrence of favourable ecological parameters (e.g., moist ubstrates) related to episodic climate fluctuations in the Early Jurassic of southern Pangaea (i.e., southern Gondwana).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Capital or critique?: when journalism education seeks to influence the field
- Boshoff, Priscilla A, Garman, Anthea
- Authors: Boshoff, Priscilla A , Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143392 , vital:38242 , DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2016.1262437
- Description: Drawing on Bourdieu’s theories of field and capital, we examine the limitations that a journalism school at a prestigious university faces in making a meaningful contribution to the field within a developing country. In the postapartheid South African media landscape, journalism is under pressure both from global forces and a political imperative to address social justice. Given the heterogeneity of the journalistic field and the fact that what counts as capital in it is contested, the School of Journalism and Media Studies at Rhodes University attempts to redefine the parameters by inculcating a particular approach to and philosophy of journalism practice. While Rhodes wants to educate excellent (professional) journalists, it is guided by an overt political mission to cultivate a journalism that is not necessarily ‘in sync’ with the wider field. Ironically, most undergraduates come from the economic and cultural elite, with specific intentions to accumulate the capital which Rhodes bestows. Students are confronted with their privilege and with alternative ideas about the purpose of journalism, and are asked to make choices and take up positions. We consider whether this critical praxis approach is able to influence the ‘state of play’ – or the distribution of power – within the field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Boshoff, Priscilla A , Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143392 , vital:38242 , DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2016.1262437
- Description: Drawing on Bourdieu’s theories of field and capital, we examine the limitations that a journalism school at a prestigious university faces in making a meaningful contribution to the field within a developing country. In the postapartheid South African media landscape, journalism is under pressure both from global forces and a political imperative to address social justice. Given the heterogeneity of the journalistic field and the fact that what counts as capital in it is contested, the School of Journalism and Media Studies at Rhodes University attempts to redefine the parameters by inculcating a particular approach to and philosophy of journalism practice. While Rhodes wants to educate excellent (professional) journalists, it is guided by an overt political mission to cultivate a journalism that is not necessarily ‘in sync’ with the wider field. Ironically, most undergraduates come from the economic and cultural elite, with specific intentions to accumulate the capital which Rhodes bestows. Students are confronted with their privilege and with alternative ideas about the purpose of journalism, and are asked to make choices and take up positions. We consider whether this critical praxis approach is able to influence the ‘state of play’ – or the distribution of power – within the field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Mapping Computational Thinking Skills to the South African Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum
- Bradshaw, Karen L, Milne, Shannon
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Milne, Shannon
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440285 , vital:73763 , ISBN 9783030950033 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95502-1_41
- Description: Computational thinking (CT) is gaining recognition as an important skill for learners in both Computer Science (CS) and several other disciplines, including mathematics. In addition, researchers have shown that there is a direct correlation between poor mathematical skills and the high attrition rate of CS undergraduates. This research investigates the use of nine core CT skills in the South African Grades 10–12 Mathematics curriculum by mapping these skills to the objectives given in each of the topics in the curriculum. The artefact developed shows that all the identified CT skills are used in the curriculum. With the use of this mapping, future research on interventions to develop these skills through mathematics at secondary school, should produce school leavers with better mathematical and problem solving abilities, which in turn, might contribute to better success rates in CS university courses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Milne, Shannon
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440285 , vital:73763 , ISBN 9783030950033 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95502-1_41
- Description: Computational thinking (CT) is gaining recognition as an important skill for learners in both Computer Science (CS) and several other disciplines, including mathematics. In addition, researchers have shown that there is a direct correlation between poor mathematical skills and the high attrition rate of CS undergraduates. This research investigates the use of nine core CT skills in the South African Grades 10–12 Mathematics curriculum by mapping these skills to the objectives given in each of the topics in the curriculum. The artefact developed shows that all the identified CT skills are used in the curriculum. With the use of this mapping, future research on interventions to develop these skills through mathematics at secondary school, should produce school leavers with better mathematical and problem solving abilities, which in turn, might contribute to better success rates in CS university courses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Detecting Similarity in Multi-procedure Student Programs Using only Static Code Structure
- Bradshaw, Karen L, Chindeka, Vongai
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Chindeka, Vongai
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440260 , vital:73761 , ISBN 9783030356286 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35629-3_14
- Description: Plagiarism is prevalent in most undergraduate programming courses, including those where more advanced programming is taught. Typical strategies used to avoid detection include changing variable names and adding empty spaces or comments to the code. Although these changes affect the visual components of the source code, the underlying structure of the code remains the same. This similarity in structure can indicate the presence of plagiarism. A system has been developed to detect the similarity in the structure of student programs. The detection system works in two phases: The first phase parses the source code and creates a syntax tree, representing the syntactical structure of each of the programs, while the second takes as inputs two program syntax trees and applies various comparison algorithms to detect their similarity. The outcome of the comparison allows the system to report a result from one of four similarity categories: identical structure, isomorphic structure, containing many structural similarities, and containing few structural similarities. Empirical tests on small sample programs show that the prototype implementation is effective in detecting plagiarism in source code, although in some cases manual checking is needed to confirm the presence of plagiarism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Chindeka, Vongai
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440260 , vital:73761 , ISBN 9783030356286 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35629-3_14
- Description: Plagiarism is prevalent in most undergraduate programming courses, including those where more advanced programming is taught. Typical strategies used to avoid detection include changing variable names and adding empty spaces or comments to the code. Although these changes affect the visual components of the source code, the underlying structure of the code remains the same. This similarity in structure can indicate the presence of plagiarism. A system has been developed to detect the similarity in the structure of student programs. The detection system works in two phases: The first phase parses the source code and creates a syntax tree, representing the syntactical structure of each of the programs, while the second takes as inputs two program syntax trees and applies various comparison algorithms to detect their similarity. The outcome of the comparison allows the system to report a result from one of four similarity categories: identical structure, isomorphic structure, containing many structural similarities, and containing few structural similarities. Empirical tests on small sample programs show that the prototype implementation is effective in detecting plagiarism in source code, although in some cases manual checking is needed to confirm the presence of plagiarism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Jacobean psychiatry: Edgar's curative stratagems
- Authors: Butler, Guy F
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/457724 , vital:75674 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA1011582X_52
- Description: In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries despair is seen as the abandonment of hope, a sinful refusal to practise one of the cardinal christian virtues. To be without hope in the world is to enter a mental prison in which life becomes loathsome and death desirable. It is the common prelude to suicide, an act condemned by state and church alike. To abandon hope in God's power to forgive sins, or to lose faith in the ultimate justice of Heaven, was to be guilty of blasphemy. The sui-cide, in rejecting God, sent himself to hell.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Butler, Guy F
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/457724 , vital:75674 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA1011582X_52
- Description: In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries despair is seen as the abandonment of hope, a sinful refusal to practise one of the cardinal christian virtues. To be without hope in the world is to enter a mental prison in which life becomes loathsome and death desirable. It is the common prelude to suicide, an act condemned by state and church alike. To abandon hope in God's power to forgive sins, or to lose faith in the ultimate justice of Heaven, was to be guilty of blasphemy. The sui-cide, in rejecting God, sent himself to hell.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Occurrence of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off the Wild Coast of South Africa using photographic identification:
- Caputo, Michelle, Bouveroux, Thibaut N, Froneman, P William, Shaanika, Titus, Plön, Stephanie
- Authors: Caputo, Michelle , Bouveroux, Thibaut N , Froneman, P William , Shaanika, Titus , Plön, Stephanie
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160367 , vital:40439 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/mms.12740
- Description: The present study represents the first reported boat‐based photographic identification study of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off the Wild Coast of southeast South Africa. This area is known for the annual sardine run, which attracts apex predators to the region during the austral winter. Dedicated photo‐identification surveys were conducted along this coast at three different study sites in February, June, and November of each year from 2014 to 2016.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Caputo, Michelle , Bouveroux, Thibaut N , Froneman, P William , Shaanika, Titus , Plön, Stephanie
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160367 , vital:40439 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/mms.12740
- Description: The present study represents the first reported boat‐based photographic identification study of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off the Wild Coast of southeast South Africa. This area is known for the annual sardine run, which attracts apex predators to the region during the austral winter. Dedicated photo‐identification surveys were conducted along this coast at three different study sites in February, June, and November of each year from 2014 to 2016.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Minimum dietary diversity scores for women indicate micronutrient adequacy and food insecurity status in South African towns
- Chakona, Gamuchirai, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Chakona, Gamuchirai , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60930 , vital:27892 , http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9080812
- Description: The lack of dietary diversity is a severe problem experienced by most poor households globally. In particular; women of reproductive age (WRA) are at high risk of inadequate intake of micronutrients resulting from diets dominated by starchy staples. The present study considered the diets, dietary diversity, and food security of women aged 15-49 years along the rural-urban continuum in three South African towns situated along an agro-ecological gradient. A 48 h dietary recall was conducted across two seasons with 554 women from rural, peri-urban, and urban locations of Richards Bay, Dundee, and Harrismith. Minimum Dietary Diversity for WRA (MDD-W) were calculated and a dichotomous indicator based on a set of ten food groups was used to determine if women had consumed at least five food groups the previous 48 h to achieve minimum dietary intake for women. The mean (±sd) MDD-W for Richards Bay (3.78 ± 0.07) was significantly higher than at Dundee (3.21 ± 0.08) and Harrismith (3.36 ± 0.07). Food security and MDD-W were significantly higher in urban locations than in peri-urban or rural ones. There was lower dependence on food purchasing in Richards Bay compared to Dundee and Harrismith. The majority of women in Richards Bay practiced subsistence agriculture, produced a surplus for sale, and collected wild foods which improved dietary intake and food security. The peri-urban populations had limited dietary intake and were more food insecure because of high levels of poverty, unemployment, and lack of land. Peri-urban dwellers are therefore more sensitive to changes in incomes and food prices because they lack safety nets to absorb income or price shocks as they purchase more, rather than growing their own food. This compromises dietary diversity as they have limited access to diverse foods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Chakona, Gamuchirai , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60930 , vital:27892 , http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9080812
- Description: The lack of dietary diversity is a severe problem experienced by most poor households globally. In particular; women of reproductive age (WRA) are at high risk of inadequate intake of micronutrients resulting from diets dominated by starchy staples. The present study considered the diets, dietary diversity, and food security of women aged 15-49 years along the rural-urban continuum in three South African towns situated along an agro-ecological gradient. A 48 h dietary recall was conducted across two seasons with 554 women from rural, peri-urban, and urban locations of Richards Bay, Dundee, and Harrismith. Minimum Dietary Diversity for WRA (MDD-W) were calculated and a dichotomous indicator based on a set of ten food groups was used to determine if women had consumed at least five food groups the previous 48 h to achieve minimum dietary intake for women. The mean (±sd) MDD-W for Richards Bay (3.78 ± 0.07) was significantly higher than at Dundee (3.21 ± 0.08) and Harrismith (3.36 ± 0.07). Food security and MDD-W were significantly higher in urban locations than in peri-urban or rural ones. There was lower dependence on food purchasing in Richards Bay compared to Dundee and Harrismith. The majority of women in Richards Bay practiced subsistence agriculture, produced a surplus for sale, and collected wild foods which improved dietary intake and food security. The peri-urban populations had limited dietary intake and were more food insecure because of high levels of poverty, unemployment, and lack of land. Peri-urban dwellers are therefore more sensitive to changes in incomes and food prices because they lack safety nets to absorb income or price shocks as they purchase more, rather than growing their own food. This compromises dietary diversity as they have limited access to diverse foods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Cyber Vulnerability Assessment: Case Study of Malawi and Tanzania
- Chindipha, Stones D, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Chindipha, Stones D , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428558 , vital:72520 , https://accconference.mandela.ac.za/ACCConference/media/Store/images/Proceedings-2015.pdf#page=105
- Description: Much as the Internet is beneficial to our daily activities, with each passing day it also brings along with it information security concerns for the users be they at company or national level. Each year the number of Internet users keeps growing, particularly in Africa, and this means only one thing, more cyber-attacks. Governments have become a focal point of this data leakage problem making this a matter of national security. Looking at the current state of affairs, cyber-based incidents are more likely to increase in Africa, mainly due to the increased prevalence and affordability of broadband connectivity which is coupled with lack of online security awareness. A drop in the cost of broadband connection means more people will be able to afford Internet connectivity. With open Source Intelligence (OSINT), this paper aims to perform a vulnerability analysis for states in Eastern Africa building from prior research by Swart et al. which showed that there are vulnerabilities in the information systems, using the case of South Africa as an example. States in East Africa are to be considered as candidates, with the final decision being determined by access to suitable resources, and availability of information. A comparative analysis to assess the factors that affect the degree of security susceptibilities in various states will also be made and information security measures used by various governments to ascertain the extent of their contribution to this vulnerability will be assessed. This pilot study will be extended to other Southern and Eastern African states like Botswana, Kenya, Uganda and Namibia in future work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chindipha, Stones D , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428558 , vital:72520 , https://accconference.mandela.ac.za/ACCConference/media/Store/images/Proceedings-2015.pdf#page=105
- Description: Much as the Internet is beneficial to our daily activities, with each passing day it also brings along with it information security concerns for the users be they at company or national level. Each year the number of Internet users keeps growing, particularly in Africa, and this means only one thing, more cyber-attacks. Governments have become a focal point of this data leakage problem making this a matter of national security. Looking at the current state of affairs, cyber-based incidents are more likely to increase in Africa, mainly due to the increased prevalence and affordability of broadband connectivity which is coupled with lack of online security awareness. A drop in the cost of broadband connection means more people will be able to afford Internet connectivity. With open Source Intelligence (OSINT), this paper aims to perform a vulnerability analysis for states in Eastern Africa building from prior research by Swart et al. which showed that there are vulnerabilities in the information systems, using the case of South Africa as an example. States in East Africa are to be considered as candidates, with the final decision being determined by access to suitable resources, and availability of information. A comparative analysis to assess the factors that affect the degree of security susceptibilities in various states will also be made and information security measures used by various governments to ascertain the extent of their contribution to this vulnerability will be assessed. This pilot study will be extended to other Southern and Eastern African states like Botswana, Kenya, Uganda and Namibia in future work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A challenge to conventional wisdom: locating agency in Angola’s and Ghana’s economic engagements with China
- Chipaike, Ronald, Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Authors: Chipaike, Ronald , Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161537 , vital:40636 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/00219096187639223
- Description: This article makes the point that African states with significant strategic resources and democratic governance systems bargain better in economic and development assistance engagements with China and other partners. In democratic African states, non-state actors play critical complementary roles to the state, leading to multi-faceted forms of African agency. For non-democratic states, a significant limiting factor in their agency is the lack of working relationships between the state and non-state actors. Concomitantly, such states find themselves with weak bargaining and negotiating capacities. If African agency is to be assertive, then state and non-state actors should work together when engaging external partners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Chipaike, Ronald , Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161537 , vital:40636 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/00219096187639223
- Description: This article makes the point that African states with significant strategic resources and democratic governance systems bargain better in economic and development assistance engagements with China and other partners. In democratic African states, non-state actors play critical complementary roles to the state, leading to multi-faceted forms of African agency. For non-democratic states, a significant limiting factor in their agency is the lack of working relationships between the state and non-state actors. Concomitantly, such states find themselves with weak bargaining and negotiating capacities. If African agency is to be assertive, then state and non-state actors should work together when engaging external partners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Peer tutors as learning and teaching partners: a cumulative approach to building peer tutoring capacity in higher education
- Authors: Clarence, Sherran
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61335 , vital:28016 , http://cristal.epubs.ac.za/index.php/cristal/article/view/69
- Description: Peer tutors in higher education are frequently given vital teaching and learning work to do, but the training or professional development and support opportunities they are offered vary, and more often than not peer tutors are under-supported. In order to create and sustain teaching and learning environments that are better able to facilitate students’ engagement with knowledge and learning, the role of peer tutors needs to be recognised differently, as that of learning and teaching partners to both lecturers and students. Tutors then need to be offered opportunities for more in-depth professional academic development in order to fully realise this role. This paper explores a tutor development programme within a South African writing centre that aimed at offering tutors such ongoing and cumulative opportunities for learning and growth using a balanced approach, which included scholarly research and practice-based training. Using narrative data tutors provided in reflective written reports, the paper explores the kinds of development in tutors’ thinking and action that are possible when training and development is theoretically informed, coherent, and oriented towards improving practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Clarence, Sherran
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61335 , vital:28016 , http://cristal.epubs.ac.za/index.php/cristal/article/view/69
- Description: Peer tutors in higher education are frequently given vital teaching and learning work to do, but the training or professional development and support opportunities they are offered vary, and more often than not peer tutors are under-supported. In order to create and sustain teaching and learning environments that are better able to facilitate students’ engagement with knowledge and learning, the role of peer tutors needs to be recognised differently, as that of learning and teaching partners to both lecturers and students. Tutors then need to be offered opportunities for more in-depth professional academic development in order to fully realise this role. This paper explores a tutor development programme within a South African writing centre that aimed at offering tutors such ongoing and cumulative opportunities for learning and growth using a balanced approach, which included scholarly research and practice-based training. Using narrative data tutors provided in reflective written reports, the paper explores the kinds of development in tutors’ thinking and action that are possible when training and development is theoretically informed, coherent, and oriented towards improving practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Exploring the nature of disciplinary teaching and learning using Legitimation Code Theory Semantics
- Authors: Clarence, Sherran
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61314 , vital:28014 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2015.1115972
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Clarence, Sherran
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61314 , vital:28014 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2015.1115972
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
A symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes
- Coates, Michael I, Gess, Robert W, Finarelli, John A, Surname, Name - one for each creator, Criswell, Katharine E, Tietjen, Kristen
- Authors: Coates, Michael I , Gess, Robert W , Finarelli, John A , Surname, Name - one for each creator , Criswell, Katharine E , Tietjen, Kristen
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72246 , vital:30021 , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20806
- Description: Chimaeroid fishes (Holocephali) are one of the four principal divisions of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). Despite only 47 described living species1, chimaeroids are the focus of resurgent interest as potential archives of genomic data2 and for the unique perspective they provide on chondrichthyan and gnathostome ancestral conditions. Chimaeroids are also noteworthy for their highly derived body plan1,3,4. However, like other living groups with distinctive anatomies5, fossils have been of limited use in unravelling their evolutionary origin, as the earliest recognized examples already exhibit many of the specializations present in modern forms6,7. Here we report the results of a computed tomography analysis of Dwykaselachus, an enigmatic chondrichthyan braincase from the ~280 million year old Karoo sediments of South Africa8. Externally, the braincase is that of a symmoriid shark9,10,11,12,13and is by far the most complete uncrushed example yet discovered. Internally, the morphology exhibits otherwise characteristically chimaeroid specializations, including the otic labyrinth arrangement and the brain space configuration relative to exceptionally large orbits. These results have important implications for our view of modern chondrichthyan origins, add robust structure to the phylogeny of early crown group gnathostomes, reveal preconditions that suggest an initial morpho-functional basis for the derived chimaeroid cranium, and shed new light on the chondrichthyan response to the extinction at the end of the Devonian period.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Coates, Michael I , Gess, Robert W , Finarelli, John A , Surname, Name - one for each creator , Criswell, Katharine E , Tietjen, Kristen
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72246 , vital:30021 , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20806
- Description: Chimaeroid fishes (Holocephali) are one of the four principal divisions of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). Despite only 47 described living species1, chimaeroids are the focus of resurgent interest as potential archives of genomic data2 and for the unique perspective they provide on chondrichthyan and gnathostome ancestral conditions. Chimaeroids are also noteworthy for their highly derived body plan1,3,4. However, like other living groups with distinctive anatomies5, fossils have been of limited use in unravelling their evolutionary origin, as the earliest recognized examples already exhibit many of the specializations present in modern forms6,7. Here we report the results of a computed tomography analysis of Dwykaselachus, an enigmatic chondrichthyan braincase from the ~280 million year old Karoo sediments of South Africa8. Externally, the braincase is that of a symmoriid shark9,10,11,12,13and is by far the most complete uncrushed example yet discovered. Internally, the morphology exhibits otherwise characteristically chimaeroid specializations, including the otic labyrinth arrangement and the brain space configuration relative to exceptionally large orbits. These results have important implications for our view of modern chondrichthyan origins, add robust structure to the phylogeny of early crown group gnathostomes, reveal preconditions that suggest an initial morpho-functional basis for the derived chimaeroid cranium, and shed new light on the chondrichthyan response to the extinction at the end of the Devonian period.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Ethics in transdisciplinary research: reflections on the implications of ‘Science with Society’
- Cockburn, Jessica J, Cundill, Georgina
- Authors: Cockburn, Jessica J , Cundill, Georgina
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436187 , vital:73236 , ISBN 978-3-319-74721-7 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74721-7_6
- Description: Transdisciplinarity is a reflexive, participatory research approach that addresses societal problems by transcending the boundaries between science and society through knowledge co-production. Research ethics clearance procedures are of-ten out of step with such forms of engaged research. Through a case study of a transdisciplinary PhD, we share our experiences of the ethical challenges involved in research that takes place beyond the bounds of procedural ethics. Our research aims to co-produce knowledge on environmental stewardship. In this chapter we consider what strategies transdisciplinary scholars can employ to ensure they fulfil the requirements of ethical research in the absence of suitably aligned institutional processes, and what changes need to be made to research ethics clearance procedures to ensure they are able to account for transdisciplinary research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Cockburn, Jessica J , Cundill, Georgina
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436187 , vital:73236 , ISBN 978-3-319-74721-7 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74721-7_6
- Description: Transdisciplinarity is a reflexive, participatory research approach that addresses societal problems by transcending the boundaries between science and society through knowledge co-production. Research ethics clearance procedures are of-ten out of step with such forms of engaged research. Through a case study of a transdisciplinary PhD, we share our experiences of the ethical challenges involved in research that takes place beyond the bounds of procedural ethics. Our research aims to co-produce knowledge on environmental stewardship. In this chapter we consider what strategies transdisciplinary scholars can employ to ensure they fulfil the requirements of ethical research in the absence of suitably aligned institutional processes, and what changes need to be made to research ethics clearance procedures to ensure they are able to account for transdisciplinary research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018