A South African response to ethics in legal education
- Authors: Kruuse, Helen
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54174 , vital:26399 , https://www.routledge.com/The-Ethics-Project-in-Legal-Education/Robertson-Corbin-Tranter-Bartlett/p/book/9780415546515
- Description: The contributions in this volume suggest that "the ethics project in legal education" is increasingly an international one. Even though the strength of commitment by both the profession and the legal academy to "ethics learning" within law schools varies, two fundamental questions confront all who work in this area. First, what is it that we want our students to learn (or, perhaps, in what manner do we want our students to develop) from the teaching of "legal ethics"? Second, how can we create a learning environment that will encourage the nature and quality of learning we think is important?.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Kruuse, Helen
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54174 , vital:26399 , https://www.routledge.com/The-Ethics-Project-in-Legal-Education/Robertson-Corbin-Tranter-Bartlett/p/book/9780415546515
- Description: The contributions in this volume suggest that "the ethics project in legal education" is increasingly an international one. Even though the strength of commitment by both the profession and the legal academy to "ethics learning" within law schools varies, two fundamental questions confront all who work in this area. First, what is it that we want our students to learn (or, perhaps, in what manner do we want our students to develop) from the teaching of "legal ethics"? Second, how can we create a learning environment that will encourage the nature and quality of learning we think is important?.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2011
Art for the masses? Justification for the public support of the arts in developing countries – two arts festivals in South Africa
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6077 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006127 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10824-005-5064-5
- Description: In the New South Africa, as in other developing countries, the equitable distribution of public resources is a priority. The case for public support of the arts is thus difficult to make because it has been shown and borne out by South African research, that arts audiences tend to represent the better educated, more prosperous minority of society, not the majority of the very poor, mainly African-origin population. Using data from willingness to pay studies conducted at two South African arts festivals, this paper shows that, when the positive externalities provided by the arts are included in their valuation, it can be shown that both high and low income earners benefit. However, as suggested by Seaman (2003), it is also found that some of what the WTP figure is capturing is current and expected future economic benefit from the event.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6077 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006127 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10824-005-5064-5
- Description: In the New South Africa, as in other developing countries, the equitable distribution of public resources is a priority. The case for public support of the arts is thus difficult to make because it has been shown and borne out by South African research, that arts audiences tend to represent the better educated, more prosperous minority of society, not the majority of the very poor, mainly African-origin population. Using data from willingness to pay studies conducted at two South African arts festivals, this paper shows that, when the positive externalities provided by the arts are included in their valuation, it can be shown that both high and low income earners benefit. However, as suggested by Seaman (2003), it is also found that some of what the WTP figure is capturing is current and expected future economic benefit from the event.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Beyond the development impasse : the role of local economic development and community self-reliance in rural South Africa
- Authors: Binns, Tony , Nel, Etienne L
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6673 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006647
- Description: The failure of successive generations of imported, Western development strategies and projects to deliver meaningful reductions in poverty and achieve basic needs in Africa, has provoked a deep questioning of Western concepts and methodologies of development. Non-governmental organisations and development practitioners are increasingly focusing their attention on strategies which build upon local knowledge, skills and resources. The concepts of ‘self- reliance’ and local economic development are examined in the context of development challenges which face Africa. This is followed by a detailed case study of local economic development in the rural Mpofu District of the former Ciskei Homeland, which was incorporated into the Eastern Cape province of South Africa with the demise of apartheid in 1994.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Binns, Tony , Nel, Etienne L
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6673 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006647
- Description: The failure of successive generations of imported, Western development strategies and projects to deliver meaningful reductions in poverty and achieve basic needs in Africa, has provoked a deep questioning of Western concepts and methodologies of development. Non-governmental organisations and development practitioners are increasingly focusing their attention on strategies which build upon local knowledge, skills and resources. The concepts of ‘self- reliance’ and local economic development are examined in the context of development challenges which face Africa. This is followed by a detailed case study of local economic development in the rural Mpofu District of the former Ciskei Homeland, which was incorporated into the Eastern Cape province of South Africa with the demise of apartheid in 1994.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Comparison of structural damage caused by Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) and Bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) in a susceptible barley cultivar, Hordeum vulgare L. cv Clipper
- Saheed, Sefiu Adekilekun, Botha, Christiaan Edward Johannes, Liu, Lin, Jonsson, Lisbeth
- Authors: Saheed, Sefiu Adekilekun , Botha, Christiaan Edward Johannes , Liu, Lin , Jonsson, Lisbeth
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6540 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005981
- Description: The Russian wheat aphid (RWA, (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) and the Bird cherry-oat aphid (BCA, (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) cause severe damage to grain crops, including barley. An investigation of the effects of these aphids on a susceptible cultivar revealed that BCA-infested barley plants remained healthy-looking for two weeks after feeding commenced. In contrast, signs of stress and damage, including chlorosis and leaf necrosis were evident in RWA infested plants. Our study suggests that damage to the vascular tissue due to sustained feeding by BCA, was not as extensive as that caused by RWA. In addition, there is a marked difference in the salivary secretion pattern within xylem elements punctured by aphids tapping the xylem for water. RWA deposit electron-dense, amorphous to smooth saliva, which completely encases the inner walls of affected elements, and saliva encases pit membranes between xylem elements, and between xylem vessels and xylem parenchyma. Xylem tapped by BCA, contained more granular saliva, which apparently does not occlude vessel wall apertures or the pit membranes to the same extent as was observed with RWA. Damage to phloem tissue, including phloem parenchyma elements, sieve tube-companion cell (CC-ST) complexes as well as thick-walled sieve tubes, was extensive. Plasmodesmata between phloem parenchyma elements as well as pore-plasmodesmata between the CC-ST were occluded by callose. We conclude that severe, perhaps permanent damage to conducting elements in RWA infested leaves may be responsible for the detrimental chlorosis and necrosis symptoms. These symptoms are absent in BCA-infested plants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Saheed, Sefiu Adekilekun , Botha, Christiaan Edward Johannes , Liu, Lin , Jonsson, Lisbeth
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6540 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005981
- Description: The Russian wheat aphid (RWA, (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) and the Bird cherry-oat aphid (BCA, (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) cause severe damage to grain crops, including barley. An investigation of the effects of these aphids on a susceptible cultivar revealed that BCA-infested barley plants remained healthy-looking for two weeks after feeding commenced. In contrast, signs of stress and damage, including chlorosis and leaf necrosis were evident in RWA infested plants. Our study suggests that damage to the vascular tissue due to sustained feeding by BCA, was not as extensive as that caused by RWA. In addition, there is a marked difference in the salivary secretion pattern within xylem elements punctured by aphids tapping the xylem for water. RWA deposit electron-dense, amorphous to smooth saliva, which completely encases the inner walls of affected elements, and saliva encases pit membranes between xylem elements, and between xylem vessels and xylem parenchyma. Xylem tapped by BCA, contained more granular saliva, which apparently does not occlude vessel wall apertures or the pit membranes to the same extent as was observed with RWA. Damage to phloem tissue, including phloem parenchyma elements, sieve tube-companion cell (CC-ST) complexes as well as thick-walled sieve tubes, was extensive. Plasmodesmata between phloem parenchyma elements as well as pore-plasmodesmata between the CC-ST were occluded by callose. We conclude that severe, perhaps permanent damage to conducting elements in RWA infested leaves may be responsible for the detrimental chlorosis and necrosis symptoms. These symptoms are absent in BCA-infested plants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Empirically modelled Pc3 activity based on solar wind parameters
- Heilig, B, Lotz, S I, Verő, J, Sutcliffe, P, Reda, J, Pajunpää, G, Raita, T
- Authors: Heilig, B , Lotz, S I , Verő, J , Sutcliffe, P , Reda, J , Pajunpää, G , Raita, T
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6814 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004324
- Description: It is known that under certain solar wind (SW)/interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions (e.g. high SW speed, low cone angle) the occurrence of ground-level Pc3–4 pulsations is more likely. In this paper we demonstrate that in the event of anomalously low SW particle density, Pc3 activity is extremely low regardless of otherwise favourable SW speed and cone angle. We re-investigate the SW control of Pc3 pulsation activity through a statistical analysis and two empirical models with emphasis on the influence of SW density on Pc3 activity. We utilise SW and IMF measurements from the OMNI project and ground-based magnetometer measurements from the MM100 array to relate SW and IMF measurements to the occurrence of Pc3 activity. Multiple linear regression and artificial neural network models are used in iterative processes in order to identify sets of SW-based input parameters, which optimally reproduce a set of Pc3 activity data. The inclusion of SW density in the parameter set significantly improves the models. Not only the density itself, but other density related parameters, such as the dynamic pressure of the SW, or the standoff distance of the magnetopause work equally well in the model. The disappearance of Pc3s during low-density events can have at least four reasons according to the existing upstream wave theory: 1. Pausing the ion-cyclotron resonance that generates the upstream ultra low frequency waves in the absence of protons, 2. Weakening of the bow shock that implies less efficient reflection, 3. The SW becomes sub-Alfvénic and hence it is not able to sweep back the waves propagating upstream with the Alfvén-speed, and 4. The increase of the standoff distance of the magnetopause (and of the bow shock). Although the models cannot account for the lack of Pc3s during intervals when the SW density is extremely low, the resulting sets of optimal model inputs support the generation of mid latitude Pc3 activity predominantly through upstream waves.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Heilig, B , Lotz, S I , Verő, J , Sutcliffe, P , Reda, J , Pajunpää, G , Raita, T
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6814 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004324
- Description: It is known that under certain solar wind (SW)/interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions (e.g. high SW speed, low cone angle) the occurrence of ground-level Pc3–4 pulsations is more likely. In this paper we demonstrate that in the event of anomalously low SW particle density, Pc3 activity is extremely low regardless of otherwise favourable SW speed and cone angle. We re-investigate the SW control of Pc3 pulsation activity through a statistical analysis and two empirical models with emphasis on the influence of SW density on Pc3 activity. We utilise SW and IMF measurements from the OMNI project and ground-based magnetometer measurements from the MM100 array to relate SW and IMF measurements to the occurrence of Pc3 activity. Multiple linear regression and artificial neural network models are used in iterative processes in order to identify sets of SW-based input parameters, which optimally reproduce a set of Pc3 activity data. The inclusion of SW density in the parameter set significantly improves the models. Not only the density itself, but other density related parameters, such as the dynamic pressure of the SW, or the standoff distance of the magnetopause work equally well in the model. The disappearance of Pc3s during low-density events can have at least four reasons according to the existing upstream wave theory: 1. Pausing the ion-cyclotron resonance that generates the upstream ultra low frequency waves in the absence of protons, 2. Weakening of the bow shock that implies less efficient reflection, 3. The SW becomes sub-Alfvénic and hence it is not able to sweep back the waves propagating upstream with the Alfvén-speed, and 4. The increase of the standoff distance of the magnetopause (and of the bow shock). Although the models cannot account for the lack of Pc3s during intervals when the SW density is extremely low, the resulting sets of optimal model inputs support the generation of mid latitude Pc3 activity predominantly through upstream waves.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
M 87 at metre wavelengths: the LOFAR picture
- Smirnov, Oleg M, De Gasperin, F, Orrú, E, Murgia, M, Merloni, A, Falcke, H, Beck, R, Beswick, R, Bîrzan, L, Bonafede, A, Brüggen, M
- Authors: Smirnov, Oleg M , De Gasperin, F , Orrú, E , Murgia, M , Merloni, A , Falcke, H , Beck, R , Beswick, R , Bîrzan, L , Bonafede, A , Brüggen, M
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, galaxies: active, galaxies: individual: M 87, galaxies: clusters: individual: Virgo, galaxies: jets, radio continuum: galaxies
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6821 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004434
- Description: Context.M 87 is a giant elliptical galaxy located in the centre of the Virgo cluster, which harbours a supermassive black hole of mass 6.4 × 109 M⊙, whose activity is responsible for the extended (80 kpc) radio lobes that surround the galaxy. The energy generated by matter falling onto the central black hole is ejected and transferred to the intra-cluster medium via a relativistic jet and morphologically complex systems of buoyant bubbles, which rise towards the edges of the extended halo. Aims. To place constraints on past activity cycles of the active nucleus, images of M 87 were produced at low radio frequencies never explored before at these high spatial resolution and dynamic range. To disentangle different synchrotron models and place constraints on source magnetic field, age and energetics, we also performed a detailed spectral analysis of M 87 extended radio-halo. Methods. We present the first observations made with the new Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) of M 87 at frequencies down to 20 MHz. Three observations were conducted, at 15−30 MHz, 30−77 MHz and 116−162 MHz. We used these observations together with archival data to produce a low-frequency spectral index map and to perform a spectral analysis in the wide frequency range 30 MHz–10 GHz. Results. We do not find any sign of new extended emissions; on the contrary the source appears well confined by the high pressure of the intra-cluster medium. A continuous injection of relativistic electrons is the model that best fits our data, and provides a scenario in which the lobes are still supplied by fresh relativistic particles from the active galactic nuclei. We suggest that the discrepancy between the low-frequency radio-spectral slope in the core and in the halo implies a strong adiabatic expansion of the plasma as soon as it leaves the core area. The extended halo has an equipartition magnetic field strength of ≃10 μG, which increases to ≃13 μG in the zones where the particle flows are more active. The continuous injection model for synchrotron ageing provides an age for the halo of ≃40 Myr, which in turn provides a jet kinetic power of 6−10 × 1044 erg s-1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Smirnov, Oleg M , De Gasperin, F , Orrú, E , Murgia, M , Merloni, A , Falcke, H , Beck, R , Beswick, R , Bîrzan, L , Bonafede, A , Brüggen, M
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, galaxies: active, galaxies: individual: M 87, galaxies: clusters: individual: Virgo, galaxies: jets, radio continuum: galaxies
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6821 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004434
- Description: Context.M 87 is a giant elliptical galaxy located in the centre of the Virgo cluster, which harbours a supermassive black hole of mass 6.4 × 109 M⊙, whose activity is responsible for the extended (80 kpc) radio lobes that surround the galaxy. The energy generated by matter falling onto the central black hole is ejected and transferred to the intra-cluster medium via a relativistic jet and morphologically complex systems of buoyant bubbles, which rise towards the edges of the extended halo. Aims. To place constraints on past activity cycles of the active nucleus, images of M 87 were produced at low radio frequencies never explored before at these high spatial resolution and dynamic range. To disentangle different synchrotron models and place constraints on source magnetic field, age and energetics, we also performed a detailed spectral analysis of M 87 extended radio-halo. Methods. We present the first observations made with the new Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) of M 87 at frequencies down to 20 MHz. Three observations were conducted, at 15−30 MHz, 30−77 MHz and 116−162 MHz. We used these observations together with archival data to produce a low-frequency spectral index map and to perform a spectral analysis in the wide frequency range 30 MHz–10 GHz. Results. We do not find any sign of new extended emissions; on the contrary the source appears well confined by the high pressure of the intra-cluster medium. A continuous injection of relativistic electrons is the model that best fits our data, and provides a scenario in which the lobes are still supplied by fresh relativistic particles from the active galactic nuclei. We suggest that the discrepancy between the low-frequency radio-spectral slope in the core and in the halo implies a strong adiabatic expansion of the plasma as soon as it leaves the core area. The extended halo has an equipartition magnetic field strength of ≃10 μG, which increases to ≃13 μG in the zones where the particle flows are more active. The continuous injection model for synchrotron ageing provides an age for the halo of ≃40 Myr, which in turn provides a jet kinetic power of 6−10 × 1044 erg s-1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Patterns and processes underlying evolutionary significant units in the Platypleura stridula L. species complex (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa
- Price, Benjamin W, Barker, Nigel P, Villet, Martin H
- Authors: Price, Benjamin W , Barker, Nigel P , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012027
- Description: Cicadas have been shown to be useful organisms for examining the effects of distribution, plant association and geographical barriers on gene flow between populations. The cicadas of the Platypleura stridula species complex are restricted to the biologically diverse Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. They are thus an excellent study group for elucidating the mechanisms by which hemipteran diversity is generated and maintained in the CFR. Phylogeographical analysis of this species complex using mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and ribosomal 16S sequence data, coupled with preliminary morphological and acoustic data, resolves six clades, each of which has specific host-plant associations and distinct geographical ranges. The phylogeographical structure implies simultaneous or near-simultaneous radiation events, coupled with shifts in host-plant associations. When calibrated using published COI and 16S substitution rates typical for related insects, these lineages date back to the late Pliocene - early Pleistocene, coincident with vegetation change, altered drainage patterns and accelerated erosion in response to neotectonic crustal uplift and cyclic Pleistocene climate change, and glaciation-associated changes in climate and sea level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Price, Benjamin W , Barker, Nigel P , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012027
- Description: Cicadas have been shown to be useful organisms for examining the effects of distribution, plant association and geographical barriers on gene flow between populations. The cicadas of the Platypleura stridula species complex are restricted to the biologically diverse Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. They are thus an excellent study group for elucidating the mechanisms by which hemipteran diversity is generated and maintained in the CFR. Phylogeographical analysis of this species complex using mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and ribosomal 16S sequence data, coupled with preliminary morphological and acoustic data, resolves six clades, each of which has specific host-plant associations and distinct geographical ranges. The phylogeographical structure implies simultaneous or near-simultaneous radiation events, coupled with shifts in host-plant associations. When calibrated using published COI and 16S substitution rates typical for related insects, these lineages date back to the late Pliocene - early Pleistocene, coincident with vegetation change, altered drainage patterns and accelerated erosion in response to neotectonic crustal uplift and cyclic Pleistocene climate change, and glaciation-associated changes in climate and sea level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Pre-emigration reflections : Afrikaans speakers moving to New Zealand
- De Klerk, Vivian A, Barkhuizen, Gary
- Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A , Barkhuizen, Gary
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6138 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011590
- Description: This article reports on the pre-emigration reflections of 15 Afrikaans speakers, all of whom were in the final stages of preparing to emigrate to New Zealand. The study explores the linguistic histories of the participants, their attitudes to their mother tongue (Afrikaans) and to English, and their views on South Africa's language policy and how it has influenced their decisions to leave the country. The paper also offers a view on possible long-term linguistic outcomes for these families.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A , Barkhuizen, Gary
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6138 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011590
- Description: This article reports on the pre-emigration reflections of 15 Afrikaans speakers, all of whom were in the final stages of preparing to emigrate to New Zealand. The study explores the linguistic histories of the participants, their attitudes to their mother tongue (Afrikaans) and to English, and their views on South Africa's language policy and how it has influenced their decisions to leave the country. The paper also offers a view on possible long-term linguistic outcomes for these families.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Re-deploying Parker, post-colonially: review essay
- Macleod, Catriona I, Wilbraham, Lindy
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Wilbraham, Lindy
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6275 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008275
- Description: In this paper we review two of Ian Parker’s recent books: Critical discursive psychology and Qualitative psychology: Introducing radical research. Although the books address different audiences (academics versus students) and talk to different problematics (theory versus research), taken together they represent useful resources for those wishing to take a critical stance with regards to the standard fare of psychology, to use critical theory in understanding social and psychological phenomena, and to engage in progressive research. As such, both theory and research methods appear as “tools”, and we suggest reading Parker sideways, shifting his intellectual trajectory into directions that illuminate colonial and post-colonial issues through empirical/textual application to real South African contexts. By way of illustration, we offer a post-colonial reading of Parker’s work on post-modernism. Concluding comments on tactics for a “post-colonial analysis of discourses” are offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Wilbraham, Lindy
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6275 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008275
- Description: In this paper we review two of Ian Parker’s recent books: Critical discursive psychology and Qualitative psychology: Introducing radical research. Although the books address different audiences (academics versus students) and talk to different problematics (theory versus research), taken together they represent useful resources for those wishing to take a critical stance with regards to the standard fare of psychology, to use critical theory in understanding social and psychological phenomena, and to engage in progressive research. As such, both theory and research methods appear as “tools”, and we suggest reading Parker sideways, shifting his intellectual trajectory into directions that illuminate colonial and post-colonial issues through empirical/textual application to real South African contexts. By way of illustration, we offer a post-colonial reading of Parker’s work on post-modernism. Concluding comments on tactics for a “post-colonial analysis of discourses” are offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Re-examining ‘professionalism’ in pharmacy: a South African perspective
- Authors: Williams, K F
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6084 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008481 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.001
- Description: Although defining itself as a patient-centred profession, private sector (community and private hospital) pharmacy often appears to be that of a product-for-profit centred occupation. This perception has been at the core of the medical profession's attempts to reduce the professional autonomy of pharmacy, and has appeared at the forefront of the South African Department of Health's positioning of private sector pharmacy. Using as a starting point the debate surrounding attempts by the South African Minister of Health to regulate the price of medicines, I propose that the present negative positioning of private sector pharmacy in South Africa could be ameliorated by pharmacy practice that evidences a redefined understanding of professionalism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Williams, K F
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6084 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008481 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.001
- Description: Although defining itself as a patient-centred profession, private sector (community and private hospital) pharmacy often appears to be that of a product-for-profit centred occupation. This perception has been at the core of the medical profession's attempts to reduce the professional autonomy of pharmacy, and has appeared at the forefront of the South African Department of Health's positioning of private sector pharmacy. Using as a starting point the debate surrounding attempts by the South African Minister of Health to regulate the price of medicines, I propose that the present negative positioning of private sector pharmacy in South Africa could be ameliorated by pharmacy practice that evidences a redefined understanding of professionalism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Restructuring implicational meaning through memory-based imagery: some historical notes
- Authors: Edwards, David J A
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6239 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007851
- Description: This paper provides a historical perspective on the recent increase in the clinical application of imagery techniques to restructure systems of implicational meaning that drive emotional distress or self-defeating behaviors. Janet's early application of such techniques was largely ignored except by a few hypnotherapists. Current applications in cognitive therapy were adapted and extended in the early 1980s from Perls’ Gestalt therapy methods. Some precursors to Perls are examined, as well as the work of some of those who developed and formulated the integration of his techniques into Beck's cognitive therapy. It is argued that this process amounted to a significant paradigm shift.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Edwards, David J A
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6239 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007851
- Description: This paper provides a historical perspective on the recent increase in the clinical application of imagery techniques to restructure systems of implicational meaning that drive emotional distress or self-defeating behaviors. Janet's early application of such techniques was largely ignored except by a few hypnotherapists. Current applications in cognitive therapy were adapted and extended in the early 1980s from Perls’ Gestalt therapy methods. Some precursors to Perls are examined, as well as the work of some of those who developed and formulated the integration of his techniques into Beck's cognitive therapy. It is argued that this process amounted to a significant paradigm shift.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
South Africa's "Rainbow People", national pride and happiness
- Moller, Valerie, Dickow, H, Harris, M
- Authors: Moller, Valerie , Dickow, H , Harris, M
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7117 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010751
- Description: Since the first free elections were held in April 1994, South Africans are popularly known as the ''rainbow people''. The paper inquires whether South Africans who experienced pride in their nation in the first years of democracy also perceived a greater sense of subjective well-being. It is proposed that national pride in post-apartheid South Africa might be fused with or work through self-esteem to lift levels of happiness. The paper traces the history of the new integrating civil religion of the rainbow people and the acceptance of the rainbow as a political symbol of unity among the diverse people of South Africa immediately after the 1994 elections and two years later. The proposed link between national pride and happiness was explored with data from two independent national surveys, the 1995 South African World Values Survey conducted by Markinor and a June 1996 MarkData syndicated omnibus survey. The study found that the appeal of the rainbow as political symbol was inclusive of all groups in society and that feelings of national pride and support for the rainbow ideal were positively associated with subjective well-being. As indicated by intensity and frequency measures, the majority of South Africans were proud of their country and could name a national achievement that inspired pride. Better-off South Africans tended to be happier and more satisfied with life but less proud, while the poor were less happy but fiercely proud of their country. Results suggest that belief in South Africa’s ''rainbow nation'' ideal may have assisted in boosting happiness during the transition to a stable democracy, thereby preventing alienation among the losers under the new political dispensation. Supporters of the ideal of the rainbow nation were more optimistic than others about the future of their country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Moller, Valerie , Dickow, H , Harris, M
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7117 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010751
- Description: Since the first free elections were held in April 1994, South Africans are popularly known as the ''rainbow people''. The paper inquires whether South Africans who experienced pride in their nation in the first years of democracy also perceived a greater sense of subjective well-being. It is proposed that national pride in post-apartheid South Africa might be fused with or work through self-esteem to lift levels of happiness. The paper traces the history of the new integrating civil religion of the rainbow people and the acceptance of the rainbow as a political symbol of unity among the diverse people of South Africa immediately after the 1994 elections and two years later. The proposed link between national pride and happiness was explored with data from two independent national surveys, the 1995 South African World Values Survey conducted by Markinor and a June 1996 MarkData syndicated omnibus survey. The study found that the appeal of the rainbow as political symbol was inclusive of all groups in society and that feelings of national pride and support for the rainbow ideal were positively associated with subjective well-being. As indicated by intensity and frequency measures, the majority of South Africans were proud of their country and could name a national achievement that inspired pride. Better-off South Africans tended to be happier and more satisfied with life but less proud, while the poor were less happy but fiercely proud of their country. Results suggest that belief in South Africa’s ''rainbow nation'' ideal may have assisted in boosting happiness during the transition to a stable democracy, thereby preventing alienation among the losers under the new political dispensation. Supporters of the ideal of the rainbow nation were more optimistic than others about the future of their country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Spatio-temporal patterns in maturation of the chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) off the coast of South Africa
- Olyott, L J H, Sauer, Warwick H H, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Olyott, L J H , Sauer, Warwick H H , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6763 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007930
- Description: Knowledge of the temporal and spatial characteristics of chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) biology in South African waters is limited, so the possibility of there being a geographically fragmented stock was examined by investigating the distribution of maturity patterns for the species, covering all known spawning areas and using both historical and recent data. Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) varied between year-round consistency and apparent seasonal peaks in both summer and winter; there was no clear spatial pattern. Monthly percentage maturity provided further evidence for two peak reproductive periods each year, although mature squid were present throughout. Sex ratios demonstrated great variability between different areas and life history stages. Male-biased sex ratios were only apparent on the inshore spawning grounds and ranged between 1.118:1 and 4.267:1. Size at sexual maturity was also seasonal, squid maturing smaller in winter/spring than in summer/autumn. Also, squid in the east matured smaller than squid in the west. Although the results from the present study do not provide conclusive evidence of distinct geographic populations, squid likely spawn over a significantly larger area of the Agulhas Bank than previously estimated, and squid on the west coast of South Africa may return to spawn on the western portion of the Agulhas Bank. It remains likely, however, that the east and west coast populations are a single stock and that migration of juveniles to the west coast and their subsequent return as sub-adults is an integral but non-essential and variable part of the life history.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Olyott, L J H , Sauer, Warwick H H , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6763 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007930
- Description: Knowledge of the temporal and spatial characteristics of chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) biology in South African waters is limited, so the possibility of there being a geographically fragmented stock was examined by investigating the distribution of maturity patterns for the species, covering all known spawning areas and using both historical and recent data. Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) varied between year-round consistency and apparent seasonal peaks in both summer and winter; there was no clear spatial pattern. Monthly percentage maturity provided further evidence for two peak reproductive periods each year, although mature squid were present throughout. Sex ratios demonstrated great variability between different areas and life history stages. Male-biased sex ratios were only apparent on the inshore spawning grounds and ranged between 1.118:1 and 4.267:1. Size at sexual maturity was also seasonal, squid maturing smaller in winter/spring than in summer/autumn. Also, squid in the east matured smaller than squid in the west. Although the results from the present study do not provide conclusive evidence of distinct geographic populations, squid likely spawn over a significantly larger area of the Agulhas Bank than previously estimated, and squid on the west coast of South Africa may return to spawn on the western portion of the Agulhas Bank. It remains likely, however, that the east and west coast populations are a single stock and that migration of juveniles to the west coast and their subsequent return as sub-adults is an integral but non-essential and variable part of the life history.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Synthesis and electrochemical characterisation of benzylmercapto and dodecylmercapto tetra substituted cobalt, iron, and zinc phthalocyanines complexes
- Nyokong, Tebello, Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Agboola, Bolade O
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello , Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Agboola, Bolade O
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6580 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004143
- Description: The work reports on cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry of the following complexes: tetrakis (benzyl mercapto) phthalocyanine complexes of Zn(II) (ZnTBMPc, 4a ), Co(II) (CoTBMPc, 5a ), Fe(II) (FeTBMPc 6a ); and tetrakis (dodecylmercapto) phthalocyanine complexes of Zn(II) (ZnTDMPc, 4b), Co(II) (CoTDMPc, 5b) and Fe(II) (FeTDMPc, 6b). More reversible CV couples were observed for complexes 4a, 5a and 6a containing thiol phenyl ring substituents. Complexes 4b, 5b and 6b containing long chain thiol substituents showed less reversible couples. Complexes 6a and 6b showed a relatively large number of redox processes (5 for 6a and 6 for 6b) within the potential window employed in this work. The processes for FePc derivatives (6a) are assigned to FeIIIPc-1/FeIIIPc-2, FeIIIPc-2/FeIIPc-2, FeIIPc-2/FeIPc-2, FeIPc-2/FeIPc-3 and FeIPc-3/FeIPc-4 and for the CoPc derivative (5a) to CoIIIPc-1/CoIIIPc-2, CoIIIPc-2/CoIIPc-2, CoIIPc-2/CoIPc-2 and CoIPc-2/CoIPc-3.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello , Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Agboola, Bolade O
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6580 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004143
- Description: The work reports on cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry of the following complexes: tetrakis (benzyl mercapto) phthalocyanine complexes of Zn(II) (ZnTBMPc, 4a ), Co(II) (CoTBMPc, 5a ), Fe(II) (FeTBMPc 6a ); and tetrakis (dodecylmercapto) phthalocyanine complexes of Zn(II) (ZnTDMPc, 4b), Co(II) (CoTDMPc, 5b) and Fe(II) (FeTDMPc, 6b). More reversible CV couples were observed for complexes 4a, 5a and 6a containing thiol phenyl ring substituents. Complexes 4b, 5b and 6b containing long chain thiol substituents showed less reversible couples. Complexes 6a and 6b showed a relatively large number of redox processes (5 for 6a and 6 for 6b) within the potential window employed in this work. The processes for FePc derivatives (6a) are assigned to FeIIIPc-1/FeIIIPc-2, FeIIIPc-2/FeIIPc-2, FeIIPc-2/FeIPc-2, FeIPc-2/FeIPc-3 and FeIPc-3/FeIPc-4 and for the CoPc derivative (5a) to CoIIIPc-1/CoIIIPc-2, CoIIIPc-2/CoIIPc-2, CoIIPc-2/CoIPc-2 and CoIPc-2/CoIPc-3.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Teenage pregnancy and the construction of adolescence : scientific literature in South Africa
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6258 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007876 , http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0907568203104003
- Description: The depiction of teenage pregnancy as a social problem relies on the assumption of adolescence as a separable stage of development. Utilising a Derridian framework, I analyse how the dominant construction of adolescence as a transitional stage: (1) acts as an attempt to decide the undecidable (viz. the adolescent who is neither child nor adult, but simultaneously both) – an attempt which collapses in the face of teenage pregnancy; (2) relies on the ideal adult as the endpoint of development, and (3) has effects in terms of gendered and expert/parent/adolescent power relations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6258 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007876 , http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0907568203104003
- Description: The depiction of teenage pregnancy as a social problem relies on the assumption of adolescence as a separable stage of development. Utilising a Derridian framework, I analyse how the dominant construction of adolescence as a transitional stage: (1) acts as an attempt to decide the undecidable (viz. the adolescent who is neither child nor adult, but simultaneously both) – an attempt which collapses in the face of teenage pregnancy; (2) relies on the ideal adult as the endpoint of development, and (3) has effects in terms of gendered and expert/parent/adolescent power relations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Tetracarboxylic acid cobalt phthalocyanine SAM on gold: Potential applications as amperometric sensor for H2O2 and fabrication of glucose biosensor
- Mashazi, Philani N, Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mashazi, Philani N , Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6578 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004141
- Description: This report describes the applications of cobalt tetracarboxylic acid phthalocyanine (CoTCAPc) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) immobilized onto a preformed 2-mercaptoethanol (Au-ME) SAM on gold surface (Au-ME-CoTCAPc SAM) as a potential amperometric sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2]) at neutral pH conditions. The Au-ME-CoTCAPc SAM sensor showed a very fast amperometric response time of approximately 1 s, good linearity at the studied concentration range of up to 5 μM with a coefficient R² = 0.993 and a detection limit of 0.4 μM oxidatively. Also reductively, the sensor exhibited a very fast amperometric response time (~1 s), linearity up to 5 μM with a coefficient R² = 0.986 and a detection limit of 0.2 μM. The cobalt tetracarboxylic acid phthalocyanine self-assembled monolayer was then evaluated as a mediator for glucose oxidase (GOx)-based biosensor. The GOx (enzyme) was immobilized covalently onto Au-ME-CoTCAPc SAM using coupling agents: N-ethyl-N(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS), and the results demonstrated a good catalytic behavior. Kinetic parameters associated with the enzymatic and mediator reactions were estimated using electrochemical versions of Lineweaver–Burk and Hanes equation, and the stability of the sensor was tested. The biosensor (Au-ME-CoTCAPc-GOx SAM) electrode showed good sensitivity (7.5 nA/mM) with a good detection limit of 8.4 μM at 3σ, smaller Michaelis–Menten constant (4.8 mM from Hanes plot) and very fast response time of approximately 5 s.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Mashazi, Philani N , Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6578 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004141
- Description: This report describes the applications of cobalt tetracarboxylic acid phthalocyanine (CoTCAPc) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) immobilized onto a preformed 2-mercaptoethanol (Au-ME) SAM on gold surface (Au-ME-CoTCAPc SAM) as a potential amperometric sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2]) at neutral pH conditions. The Au-ME-CoTCAPc SAM sensor showed a very fast amperometric response time of approximately 1 s, good linearity at the studied concentration range of up to 5 μM with a coefficient R² = 0.993 and a detection limit of 0.4 μM oxidatively. Also reductively, the sensor exhibited a very fast amperometric response time (~1 s), linearity up to 5 μM with a coefficient R² = 0.986 and a detection limit of 0.2 μM. The cobalt tetracarboxylic acid phthalocyanine self-assembled monolayer was then evaluated as a mediator for glucose oxidase (GOx)-based biosensor. The GOx (enzyme) was immobilized covalently onto Au-ME-CoTCAPc SAM using coupling agents: N-ethyl-N(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS), and the results demonstrated a good catalytic behavior. Kinetic parameters associated with the enzymatic and mediator reactions were estimated using electrochemical versions of Lineweaver–Burk and Hanes equation, and the stability of the sensor was tested. The biosensor (Au-ME-CoTCAPc-GOx SAM) electrode showed good sensitivity (7.5 nA/mM) with a good detection limit of 8.4 μM at 3σ, smaller Michaelis–Menten constant (4.8 mM from Hanes plot) and very fast response time of approximately 5 s.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
The Benthic invertebrate community of a Southern Cape estuary : structure and possible food sources
- Authors: Whitfield, A K
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7154 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011871
- Description: Cluster analysis of invertebrate communities in the Swartvlei estuary revealed that vegetated (Zostera capensis) sites were distinct from unvegetated ones. `Indicator species' for the eelgrass group included Melita zeylinaca, Loripes clausus, Natica tecta and Palaemon pacificus, whereas those for the bare sand community were Urothoe pulchella, Callianassa kraussi, Iphinoe truncata and Pontogeloides latipes. Infaunal bivalves comprised >60 % of the invertebrate biomass at Zostera sites but <5 % at bare sand sites. Conversely the infaunal anomuran C. kraussi dominated the sandy sites (>80 %) and was a minor component (<5 %) at eelgrass sites. The supratidal invertebrate community was dominated by Orchestia spp. which live and feed on wrack detritus. Litterbag experiments revealed that degradation of Zostera leaf wrack was rapid during the first thirty days after deposition but slow between 40 and 140 days. Laboratory experiments indicated that Orchestia consumption of wrack material could not account for the rapid weight loss recorded in the natural environment. Preliminary diet analyses of intertidal and infratidal zoobenthos revealed that most invertebrate species feed on detritus and associated microorganisms. Filamentous algae and diatoms dominated the gut contents of only three out of 18 macrobenthic species, and living Zostera was not an important food item for any invertebrate examined.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1989
- Authors: Whitfield, A K
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7154 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011871
- Description: Cluster analysis of invertebrate communities in the Swartvlei estuary revealed that vegetated (Zostera capensis) sites were distinct from unvegetated ones. `Indicator species' for the eelgrass group included Melita zeylinaca, Loripes clausus, Natica tecta and Palaemon pacificus, whereas those for the bare sand community were Urothoe pulchella, Callianassa kraussi, Iphinoe truncata and Pontogeloides latipes. Infaunal bivalves comprised >60 % of the invertebrate biomass at Zostera sites but <5 % at bare sand sites. Conversely the infaunal anomuran C. kraussi dominated the sandy sites (>80 %) and was a minor component (<5 %) at eelgrass sites. The supratidal invertebrate community was dominated by Orchestia spp. which live and feed on wrack detritus. Litterbag experiments revealed that degradation of Zostera leaf wrack was rapid during the first thirty days after deposition but slow between 40 and 140 days. Laboratory experiments indicated that Orchestia consumption of wrack material could not account for the rapid weight loss recorded in the natural environment. Preliminary diet analyses of intertidal and infratidal zoobenthos revealed that most invertebrate species feed on detritus and associated microorganisms. Filamentous algae and diatoms dominated the gut contents of only three out of 18 macrobenthic species, and living Zostera was not an important food item for any invertebrate examined.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1989
The contradictions of community politics: the African petty bourgeoisie and the New Brighton Advisory Board, c1937-1952
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6147 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003831
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6147 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003831
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1994
The discourse of postgraduate seminars
- Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A
- Date: 1995
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6132 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011584
- Description: Video recordings of a range of postgraduate seminars in the Arts Faculty at a South African university were made and analyzed, in order to define the current nature of this particular form of educational practice in South African tertiary institutions. Recent demographic changes in formerly White universities are having a significant effect on the nature of interaction in formal discussion groups. Despite a common perception that at a tertiary level tutors and students are equally entitled to speak and all contributions equally valued, this article reveals that postgraduate seminars are sites of competition for the floor and that there are significant imbalances in participation by different groups in this competitive speaking environment; it is further argued that these imbalances reflect different (culture- and gender-specific) assumptions about what constitutes appropriate participation and also, to some degree, previous learned discourse patterns associated with schooling experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A
- Date: 1995
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6132 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011584
- Description: Video recordings of a range of postgraduate seminars in the Arts Faculty at a South African university were made and analyzed, in order to define the current nature of this particular form of educational practice in South African tertiary institutions. Recent demographic changes in formerly White universities are having a significant effect on the nature of interaction in formal discussion groups. Despite a common perception that at a tertiary level tutors and students are equally entitled to speak and all contributions equally valued, this article reveals that postgraduate seminars are sites of competition for the floor and that there are significant imbalances in participation by different groups in this competitive speaking environment; it is further argued that these imbalances reflect different (culture- and gender-specific) assumptions about what constitutes appropriate participation and also, to some degree, previous learned discourse patterns associated with schooling experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
The Educational Journal
- Date: 1984-11
- Subjects: Education –- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/37093 , vital:34102 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1984-11
- Date: 1984-11
- Subjects: Education –- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/37093 , vital:34102 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1984-11