The phenomenology of the anorexic body
- Authors: Shapiro, Joel
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Anorexia nervosa Eating disorders Anorexia nervosa -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3053 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002562
- Description: The purpose of the study is to articulate the phenomenology of the anorexic body. In order to describe the complex meaning of the anorexic body, the present research adopts the qualitative and exploratory approach of Seidman's (1991) in-depth phenomenologically based interviewing method. This involves a series of three separate interviews, with three research participants who have had personal experience of anorexia. The method of data analysis used is essentially on editing style of analysis (Miller and Crabtree, 1992) and is based on a hybrid of the grounded theory approach of Glaser and Strauss (1967) and Heidegger's (1927) ontological hermeneutics to form what Addison (1992) calls grounded interpretive research. Anorexic embodiment is conceptualised as precipitating a fundamental disturbance between the interactions of embodied consciousness and the world. The body is no longer taken-for-granted, and becomes an object for scrutiny. As an object, the body is experienced as a thing exterior to the self, and this awareness contributes to the sense of qisorder which permeates anorexic embodiment. Bodily intentionality is frustrated when the sphere of bodily actions and habitual acts become circumscribed. The character of lived temporality and lived spatiality are also effected with the anorexic's focus on the now, ushering in a spatiality of the here. These findings indicate that anorexic embodiment is experienced primarily as a disruption of the 'lived body' rather than that of the biological body. The prevailing discourses of anorexic embodiment are shown to be split between the naturalized discourses that provide a model of the body that is biologically determined and ahistorical, and the denaturalized discourses that provide a model of the body that is culturally constructed and lacks embodied givenness. It is argued that Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the body offers a renaturalization of the body that overcomes the nature/culture dichotomy of the naturalized and denaturalized discourses, thereby providing a solid foundation that more directly addresses the phenomenology of the anorexic body. The theoretical and treatment implications of Merleau-Ponty's renaturalization of the anorexic body are highlighted, and suggestions for further research are presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Shapiro, Joel
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Anorexia nervosa Eating disorders Anorexia nervosa -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3053 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002562
- Description: The purpose of the study is to articulate the phenomenology of the anorexic body. In order to describe the complex meaning of the anorexic body, the present research adopts the qualitative and exploratory approach of Seidman's (1991) in-depth phenomenologically based interviewing method. This involves a series of three separate interviews, with three research participants who have had personal experience of anorexia. The method of data analysis used is essentially on editing style of analysis (Miller and Crabtree, 1992) and is based on a hybrid of the grounded theory approach of Glaser and Strauss (1967) and Heidegger's (1927) ontological hermeneutics to form what Addison (1992) calls grounded interpretive research. Anorexic embodiment is conceptualised as precipitating a fundamental disturbance between the interactions of embodied consciousness and the world. The body is no longer taken-for-granted, and becomes an object for scrutiny. As an object, the body is experienced as a thing exterior to the self, and this awareness contributes to the sense of qisorder which permeates anorexic embodiment. Bodily intentionality is frustrated when the sphere of bodily actions and habitual acts become circumscribed. The character of lived temporality and lived spatiality are also effected with the anorexic's focus on the now, ushering in a spatiality of the here. These findings indicate that anorexic embodiment is experienced primarily as a disruption of the 'lived body' rather than that of the biological body. The prevailing discourses of anorexic embodiment are shown to be split between the naturalized discourses that provide a model of the body that is biologically determined and ahistorical, and the denaturalized discourses that provide a model of the body that is culturally constructed and lacks embodied givenness. It is argued that Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the body offers a renaturalization of the body that overcomes the nature/culture dichotomy of the naturalized and denaturalized discourses, thereby providing a solid foundation that more directly addresses the phenomenology of the anorexic body. The theoretical and treatment implications of Merleau-Ponty's renaturalization of the anorexic body are highlighted, and suggestions for further research are presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
The liturgies of Guillaume Farel: their meaning and relevance
- Authors: Kaltenrieder, Andre Emile
- Date: 1981
- Subjects: Farel, Guillaume, 1489-1565 Liturgics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1224 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004540
- Description: Relatively little study has been devoted to Guillaume Farel. Though a number of Biographies have been published, these were mainly devotional or inspirational. The only critical biography to have been published in modern times, and to which the author has made much reference, is that written by the 'FAREL COMMITTEE' to commemorate the fourth centenary of the reformation at Neuchȃtel. The comparative neglect suffered by Farel and his works is surprising in view of his role as pioneer of the reformation in French-speaking Churches. The spotlight has been held almost exclusively on the second generation reformer John Calvin. The paucity of material available may help explain why Farel has remained such an obscure figure. This dissertation does not attempt to bring to light the full scope of Farel's work. This still has to be done. Incidentally the author has been informed that. there are at present two American post-graduate students doing research on Farel at Neuchȃtel. This may hold a promise of further light on this significant father of the reformation. The author has limited himself here to an examination and evaluation of Farel's liturgical works. These were only a very small portion of his wide field of activity. The further study necessary to investigate the full influence of these liturgies on the development of reformed worship is only outlined here. In order to set the Farellian orders in their context, a certain amount of historical and doctrinal background has been given. This is by no means exhaustive as each service would justify a separate dissertation. An effort has been made to cut background down to a minimum and to bring out the main tendencies only so as to situate Farel in the development of the understanding of the Church 's worship. (Preface)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1981
- Authors: Kaltenrieder, Andre Emile
- Date: 1981
- Subjects: Farel, Guillaume, 1489-1565 Liturgics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1224 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004540
- Description: Relatively little study has been devoted to Guillaume Farel. Though a number of Biographies have been published, these were mainly devotional or inspirational. The only critical biography to have been published in modern times, and to which the author has made much reference, is that written by the 'FAREL COMMITTEE' to commemorate the fourth centenary of the reformation at Neuchȃtel. The comparative neglect suffered by Farel and his works is surprising in view of his role as pioneer of the reformation in French-speaking Churches. The spotlight has been held almost exclusively on the second generation reformer John Calvin. The paucity of material available may help explain why Farel has remained such an obscure figure. This dissertation does not attempt to bring to light the full scope of Farel's work. This still has to be done. Incidentally the author has been informed that. there are at present two American post-graduate students doing research on Farel at Neuchȃtel. This may hold a promise of further light on this significant father of the reformation. The author has limited himself here to an examination and evaluation of Farel's liturgical works. These were only a very small portion of his wide field of activity. The further study necessary to investigate the full influence of these liturgies on the development of reformed worship is only outlined here. In order to set the Farellian orders in their context, a certain amount of historical and doctrinal background has been given. This is by no means exhaustive as each service would justify a separate dissertation. An effort has been made to cut background down to a minimum and to bring out the main tendencies only so as to situate Farel in the development of the understanding of the Church 's worship. (Preface)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1981
Synthetic and analytical studies of biomimetic metal complexes
- Authors: Wellington, Kevin Wayne
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Biomimetics Metal complexes Metalloenzymes Metal ions Ligands
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4377 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005042
- Description: Several series of novel diamido, diamino and diimino ligands containing different spacers and heterocyclic donors have been synthesised. The spacers include the flexible biphenyl, the rigid 1,1 O-phenanthroline and various acyclic moieties, while the heterocyclic donors comprise pyridine, imidazole or benzimidazole groups. These ligands have been designed to complex copper and act as biomimetic models of the active site of the enzyme, tyrosinase, and their complexes with copper, cobalt, nickel and platinum have been analysed using microanalytical, IR, UV-Visible and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Attempted reduction of the biphenyl-based diimino ligands resulted in an unexpected intramolecular cyclisation affording azepine derivatives, the structures of which were elucidated with the aid of single crystal X-ray analysis of cobalt and nickel complexes. Computer modelling methods have been used to explore the conformational options of the copper complexes, and to assess the accessibility of the dinuclear copper site to substrate molecules. Computer modelling has also been used, in conjunction with the available analytical data, to visualise the possible structures of selected ligands and complexes. The copper complexes, although predominantly polymeric, were evaluated as biomimetic catalysts using 3,5-di-t-butylphenol and 3,5-di-t-butylcatechol as substrates. Some of the complexes clearly displayed biomimetic potential, exhibiting both phenolase and catecholase activity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Wellington, Kevin Wayne
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Biomimetics Metal complexes Metalloenzymes Metal ions Ligands
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4377 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005042
- Description: Several series of novel diamido, diamino and diimino ligands containing different spacers and heterocyclic donors have been synthesised. The spacers include the flexible biphenyl, the rigid 1,1 O-phenanthroline and various acyclic moieties, while the heterocyclic donors comprise pyridine, imidazole or benzimidazole groups. These ligands have been designed to complex copper and act as biomimetic models of the active site of the enzyme, tyrosinase, and their complexes with copper, cobalt, nickel and platinum have been analysed using microanalytical, IR, UV-Visible and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Attempted reduction of the biphenyl-based diimino ligands resulted in an unexpected intramolecular cyclisation affording azepine derivatives, the structures of which were elucidated with the aid of single crystal X-ray analysis of cobalt and nickel complexes. Computer modelling methods have been used to explore the conformational options of the copper complexes, and to assess the accessibility of the dinuclear copper site to substrate molecules. Computer modelling has also been used, in conjunction with the available analytical data, to visualise the possible structures of selected ligands and complexes. The copper complexes, although predominantly polymeric, were evaluated as biomimetic catalysts using 3,5-di-t-butylphenol and 3,5-di-t-butylcatechol as substrates. Some of the complexes clearly displayed biomimetic potential, exhibiting both phenolase and catecholase activity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Studies on the biology and ecology of Amblyomma Herbraem Koch, 1844 and other tick species (Ixodidae) of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Norval, R A I
- Date: 1975
- Subjects: Ticks -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ixodidae -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5871 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012968
- Description: Tick borne diseases of livestock are among the most important factors which have retarded economic development in many parts of Africa. Modification of the environment due to the expansion of agriculture into previously undeveloped areas, together with the introduction of livestock, has disturbed the natural balance which existed between ticks and indigenous hosts. Many tick species have adapted to domestic stock, and in some instances have spread over large areas which were previously uninfested. A number of tick species which are parasitic on domestic stock, eg. Amblyomma hebraeum Koch, 1844, Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844), Rhipicephalus evertsi Neumann, 1897 and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Netunann, 1901, are vectors of pathogenic micro-organisms. Unlike indigenous hosts however, domestic stock have no innate immunity to tickborne diseases. Intro., p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1975
- Authors: Norval, R A I
- Date: 1975
- Subjects: Ticks -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ixodidae -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5871 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012968
- Description: Tick borne diseases of livestock are among the most important factors which have retarded economic development in many parts of Africa. Modification of the environment due to the expansion of agriculture into previously undeveloped areas, together with the introduction of livestock, has disturbed the natural balance which existed between ticks and indigenous hosts. Many tick species have adapted to domestic stock, and in some instances have spread over large areas which were previously uninfested. A number of tick species which are parasitic on domestic stock, eg. Amblyomma hebraeum Koch, 1844, Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844), Rhipicephalus evertsi Neumann, 1897 and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Netunann, 1901, are vectors of pathogenic micro-organisms. Unlike indigenous hosts however, domestic stock have no innate immunity to tickborne diseases. Intro., p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1975
Isolation of and interaction of nutrients with the linoleoyl-coa desaturase complex
- Authors: Perkins, Denise Mary
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Cell proliferation , Cancer cells -- Growth -- Regulation , Enzymes -- Purification
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018264
- Description: The termina1 enzyme in the linoleoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme complex, delta-6-desaturase was implied in the control of cell proliferation in cancer cells. One of the aims of this study was to isolate the terminal enzyme. It was decided that in order to isolate this enzyme it was first necessary to isolate the entire complex and then to enzymatically solubilise the first two components of the complex i e cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome b5 from the complex resulting in a pure delta-6-desaturase . The first two components were isolated and purified using simplified and easily reproducible methodologies which could be utilised in the final purification of delta-6- desaturase. The entire enzyme complex, linoleoyl-CoA desaturase was also isolated in a pure form and this pure complex was used to attempt to isolate delta-6-desaturase. The terminal enzyme was isolated with some cytochrome b5 still bound to it. The methods used had proven to be successful and with some modifications should yield a pure enzyme. Zinc and GLA were known to play a role in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and zinc was hypothesised to inhibit cell growth by stimulating the activity of the linoleoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme complex which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. GLA is the product of the reaction that this enzyme complex catalyses and GLA has been shown to inhibit cancer ce ll growth. The effect of GLA on cell growth and linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity was thus investigated. Results showed that both zinc and GLA inhibited cell growth and that the combined addition of zinc and GLA generally resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and the activation of linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity in the BL-6 cells while having a less pronounced effect on the LLCMK cells. The results of this study support the hypothesis that zinc may be a cofactor of linoleoyl-CoA desaturase.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: Perkins, Denise Mary
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Cell proliferation , Cancer cells -- Growth -- Regulation , Enzymes -- Purification
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018264
- Description: The termina1 enzyme in the linoleoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme complex, delta-6-desaturase was implied in the control of cell proliferation in cancer cells. One of the aims of this study was to isolate the terminal enzyme. It was decided that in order to isolate this enzyme it was first necessary to isolate the entire complex and then to enzymatically solubilise the first two components of the complex i e cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome b5 from the complex resulting in a pure delta-6-desaturase . The first two components were isolated and purified using simplified and easily reproducible methodologies which could be utilised in the final purification of delta-6- desaturase. The entire enzyme complex, linoleoyl-CoA desaturase was also isolated in a pure form and this pure complex was used to attempt to isolate delta-6-desaturase. The terminal enzyme was isolated with some cytochrome b5 still bound to it. The methods used had proven to be successful and with some modifications should yield a pure enzyme. Zinc and GLA were known to play a role in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and zinc was hypothesised to inhibit cell growth by stimulating the activity of the linoleoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme complex which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. GLA is the product of the reaction that this enzyme complex catalyses and GLA has been shown to inhibit cancer ce ll growth. The effect of GLA on cell growth and linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity was thus investigated. Results showed that both zinc and GLA inhibited cell growth and that the combined addition of zinc and GLA generally resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and the activation of linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity in the BL-6 cells while having a less pronounced effect on the LLCMK cells. The results of this study support the hypothesis that zinc may be a cofactor of linoleoyl-CoA desaturase.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
Ionospheric effects in the Southern radiation anomaly
- Authors: Torr, Douglas G
- Date: 1966
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5540 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013305
- Description: From introduction: As ionosphericist on the 4th South African National Antarctic Expedition, I spent twelve months at Sanae (70°18'S, 2°2l'W, L= 4) in 1963. In the course of routine vertical incidence soundings, it was noticed with some surprise that the frequency of occurrence of ionospheric blackouts was unexpectedly high. Initially this aroused considerable concern about the reliability of the equipment. In fact it has been · observed that some stations lying in and near the Southern Radiation Anomaly report such occasions as records lost due to non-ionospheric reasons. Coincidently, however, Gledhill and van Rooyen (1963), also of Rhodes University, predicted ionospheric irregularities and other geophysical phenomena in a region around Sanae where Ginsburg et al. (1962) observed high intensities of charged particles with Sputniks 5 and 6.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1966
- Authors: Torr, Douglas G
- Date: 1966
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5540 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013305
- Description: From introduction: As ionosphericist on the 4th South African National Antarctic Expedition, I spent twelve months at Sanae (70°18'S, 2°2l'W, L= 4) in 1963. In the course of routine vertical incidence soundings, it was noticed with some surprise that the frequency of occurrence of ionospheric blackouts was unexpectedly high. Initially this aroused considerable concern about the reliability of the equipment. In fact it has been · observed that some stations lying in and near the Southern Radiation Anomaly report such occasions as records lost due to non-ionospheric reasons. Coincidently, however, Gledhill and van Rooyen (1963), also of Rhodes University, predicted ionospheric irregularities and other geophysical phenomena in a region around Sanae where Ginsburg et al. (1962) observed high intensities of charged particles with Sputniks 5 and 6.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1966
Investering : die problematiek van investering-besluitneming vir die privaatsektor in die vervaardigingsbedryf in die Grens, Ciskei en Transkei
- Authors: O'Neill, Richard Charles
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Investments -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Investments -- South Africa -- Transkei
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:924 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001450
- Description: Die langtermynaard van 'n investering noop die voornemende investeerder om meer omsigtig te beplan as in die geval van 'n belegging wat gewoonlik oor 'n korter termyn strek. Die voornemende investeerder moet besef dat 'n investeringsbesluit nie in isolasie van eksterne faktore geneem kan word nie. Dit is daarom raadsaam dat die voornemende investeerder hom deeglik van die makro- en mikro ekonomiese milieu waarbinne die investering beoog word, sal vergewis. Ten einde die kompleksiteit van investeringsbesluitneming op te helder, word daareerstens in hoofstuk 1 op die begrip van investering gekonsentreer. Voorts word die beginsel dat die investeringsbesluit nie in isolasie geneem kan word nie, beklemtoon. In hierdie opsig word daar veral na die determinante van investering gekyk. In makro-ekonomiese verband word die gedagte sterk beklemtoon dat investering nodig is om kapitaalvorming te laat plaasvind wat op sy beurt een van die vereistes is om ontwikkeling te bevorder. As gevolg van meningsverskille ten opsigte van die invloed van investering in ontwikkelde teenoor ontwikkelende lande is daar gevolglik aandag aan enkele ekonomiese groeimodelle gegee. Gesien uit die oogpunt van die daarstelling van 'n konsessiepakket om streeksekonomiese ontwikkeling te stimuleer, is die huidige konsessiepakket met die determinante van investering vergelyk. Daardeur word die kwessie aangeraak of die konsessiepakket weI die teoretiese determinante van investering in ag geneem het. Die belangrike vraag of die nyweraars self met die konsessiepakket tevrede is, word in die empiriese studie behandel. Die langtermynaard van 'n investering sal die weldeurdagte investeerder dwing om 'n verdere determinant, naamlik die land as risikofaktor deeglik in ag te neem. Met hierdie veronderstelling word daar in hoofstuk 2 na die land waar die investering oorweeg sal word, naamlik Suid-Afrika gekyk. Daar word veral aan die ekonomiese ontwikkeling van Suid-Afrika aandag gegee. In hierdie opsig word die ongelyke verdeling van inkome wat gedurende die jare al hoe meer beklemtoon is, bespreek en word daar na owerheidspogings gekyk om die probleem op streeksvlak teen te werk. Hierdie owerheidspogings konsentreer helaas op die daarstelling van 'n streeksekonomiese beleid wat moes meehelp om die geografiese verskille in die verdeling van inkome teen te werk. Die streeksekonomiese beleid het gestalte gekry in die vorm van 'n konsessiepakket wat dan ook in hierdie hoofstuk bespreek word. Aangesien die konsessiepakket daarop ingestel was om nyweraars na gedesentraliseerde gebiede te lok, is dit 'n voorwaarde vir die sukses van streeksekonomiese beleid dat nyweraars wat gedesentraliseer het met die konsessiepakket tevrede moet wees. Die navorsingsmetodiek wat gevolg is om hierdie vraag te probeer beantwoord word in hoofstuk 3 bespreek. Daar word in hierdie hoofstuk na die onderwerp, die hipotese, die vraelys en die beantwoordingsmetode gekyk. Hierdie hoofstuk dien dus as 'n skakel tussen die eerste twee hoofstukke wat hoofsaaklik oor die normatiewe en teoretiese aspekte van investering gehandel het en hoofstuk 4 wat die navorsingsresultate oftewel die werklikheid verteenwoordig. Die hipotese dat gedesentraliseerde nywerhede nie met die konsessiepakket tevrede is nie, word in hoofstuk 4 met die navorsingsresultate vergelyk en daar word ook na die verskille wat tussen die Grens, Ciskei en Transkei voorgekom het, gekyk. Die beleidsimplikasies van die navorsingsresultate sowel as In samevatting van die verhandeling word in hoofstuk 5 behandel terwyl daar ook na die implikasies ten opsigte van die huidige debat in die ontwikkelingsekonomie gekyk word (Introduction, p. ix-xi)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: O'Neill, Richard Charles
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Investments -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Investments -- South Africa -- Transkei
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:924 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001450
- Description: Die langtermynaard van 'n investering noop die voornemende investeerder om meer omsigtig te beplan as in die geval van 'n belegging wat gewoonlik oor 'n korter termyn strek. Die voornemende investeerder moet besef dat 'n investeringsbesluit nie in isolasie van eksterne faktore geneem kan word nie. Dit is daarom raadsaam dat die voornemende investeerder hom deeglik van die makro- en mikro ekonomiese milieu waarbinne die investering beoog word, sal vergewis. Ten einde die kompleksiteit van investeringsbesluitneming op te helder, word daareerstens in hoofstuk 1 op die begrip van investering gekonsentreer. Voorts word die beginsel dat die investeringsbesluit nie in isolasie geneem kan word nie, beklemtoon. In hierdie opsig word daar veral na die determinante van investering gekyk. In makro-ekonomiese verband word die gedagte sterk beklemtoon dat investering nodig is om kapitaalvorming te laat plaasvind wat op sy beurt een van die vereistes is om ontwikkeling te bevorder. As gevolg van meningsverskille ten opsigte van die invloed van investering in ontwikkelde teenoor ontwikkelende lande is daar gevolglik aandag aan enkele ekonomiese groeimodelle gegee. Gesien uit die oogpunt van die daarstelling van 'n konsessiepakket om streeksekonomiese ontwikkeling te stimuleer, is die huidige konsessiepakket met die determinante van investering vergelyk. Daardeur word die kwessie aangeraak of die konsessiepakket weI die teoretiese determinante van investering in ag geneem het. Die belangrike vraag of die nyweraars self met die konsessiepakket tevrede is, word in die empiriese studie behandel. Die langtermynaard van 'n investering sal die weldeurdagte investeerder dwing om 'n verdere determinant, naamlik die land as risikofaktor deeglik in ag te neem. Met hierdie veronderstelling word daar in hoofstuk 2 na die land waar die investering oorweeg sal word, naamlik Suid-Afrika gekyk. Daar word veral aan die ekonomiese ontwikkeling van Suid-Afrika aandag gegee. In hierdie opsig word die ongelyke verdeling van inkome wat gedurende die jare al hoe meer beklemtoon is, bespreek en word daar na owerheidspogings gekyk om die probleem op streeksvlak teen te werk. Hierdie owerheidspogings konsentreer helaas op die daarstelling van 'n streeksekonomiese beleid wat moes meehelp om die geografiese verskille in die verdeling van inkome teen te werk. Die streeksekonomiese beleid het gestalte gekry in die vorm van 'n konsessiepakket wat dan ook in hierdie hoofstuk bespreek word. Aangesien die konsessiepakket daarop ingestel was om nyweraars na gedesentraliseerde gebiede te lok, is dit 'n voorwaarde vir die sukses van streeksekonomiese beleid dat nyweraars wat gedesentraliseer het met die konsessiepakket tevrede moet wees. Die navorsingsmetodiek wat gevolg is om hierdie vraag te probeer beantwoord word in hoofstuk 3 bespreek. Daar word in hierdie hoofstuk na die onderwerp, die hipotese, die vraelys en die beantwoordingsmetode gekyk. Hierdie hoofstuk dien dus as 'n skakel tussen die eerste twee hoofstukke wat hoofsaaklik oor die normatiewe en teoretiese aspekte van investering gehandel het en hoofstuk 4 wat die navorsingsresultate oftewel die werklikheid verteenwoordig. Die hipotese dat gedesentraliseerde nywerhede nie met die konsessiepakket tevrede is nie, word in hoofstuk 4 met die navorsingsresultate vergelyk en daar word ook na die verskille wat tussen die Grens, Ciskei en Transkei voorgekom het, gekyk. Die beleidsimplikasies van die navorsingsresultate sowel as In samevatting van die verhandeling word in hoofstuk 5 behandel terwyl daar ook na die implikasies ten opsigte van die huidige debat in die ontwikkelingsekonomie gekyk word (Introduction, p. ix-xi)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
Elicitation of risk preferences of smallholder irrigation farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Modjadji, Mathlo Itumeleng
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Irrigation farming -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Risk-return relationships -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4846 , vital:28534
- Description: Although several studies have investigated commercial farmers’ risk preferences, there is still lack of information on the risk attitudes and risk preferences of smallholder farmers in South Africa. Risks associated with the adoption of new agricultural technology need to be explored in order to address the transition from homestead food gardening to smallholder irrigated farming. This study seeks to understand risk perception of smallholder irrigation farmers by linking constraints to commercialisation, adoption of new agricultural technologies and risk preferences of smallholder farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The overall objective of this research is to determine risk preference patterns and attitudes that influence the transition from homestead food gardening to irrigated farming of smallholder farming systems in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Specifically the study was to pursue the following objectives: (i) describe the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of smallholder farmers; (ii) describe existing farming systems among smallholder farmers in the study area; (iii) analyse the adoption of new agricultural technology by smallholder irrigation farmers; (iv) assess the risk perception of smallholder irrigation farmers and elicit farmers risk preferences, and (v) empirically analyse farmers sources of risk and risk management strategies. The outcome of this will inform policy formulation that have implications for technology adoption, increase smallholders capacity to bear risk and enable government and other role players have a clear understanding of smallholder farmers decisions. A total of 101 respondents were surveyed, consisting of 38 smallholder farmers and 63 homestead food gardeners in the Eastern Cape. Questionnaires were used to record household activities, socio-economic and institutional data as well as household demographics through personal interviews. The ordered probit model was applied due to the ordered nature of the dependent variable. The analysis was used to empirically analyse the determinants of farmers ‘risk preference status. The ordered probit model successfully estimated the significant variables associated with the farmer‘s adoption decisions. These were the farmer‘s age, household size, land size, locational setting, risk attitude, number of livestock (goats and chicken) and asset ownership. Homestead food gardeners were less risk averse that the smallholder farmers. Farmers who reside in the sub-wards Binfield and Battlefield were more likely to take risk than those who reside in Melani. This suggests the presence of local synergies in adoption which raises the question about the extent to which ignoring these influences biases policy conclusions. The negative correlation between land size and adoption implies that smaller farms appear to have greater propensity for adoption of new agricultural technology. This finding is supported by several studies reviewed in the literature that allude to the fact that homestead food gardeners tend to be smaller than smallholder farmers. By means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), seven principal components (PCs) that explained 66.13 percent of the variation were extracted. According to the loadings, the factors 1 to 7 can best be described as ‘financial and incentives index’, ‘input-output index’, ‘crop production index’, ‘labour bottleneck index’, ‘lack of production information index’, ‘lack of market opportunity index’, and ‘input availability index’ respectively. In general, price, production and financial risks were perceived as the most important sources of risk. Socio economic factors having a significant effect on the various sources of risk are age, gender, education, location, information access and risk taking ability. The most important traditional risk management strategies used by the surveyed smallholder farmers in Eastern Cape are crop diversification, precautionary savings and participating in social network. The findings are consistent with economic theory which postulates that in the absence of insurance markets, poor farm households tend to be risk averse and are reluctant to participate in farm investment decisions that are uncertain or involve higher risk.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Modjadji, Mathlo Itumeleng
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Irrigation farming -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Risk-return relationships -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4846 , vital:28534
- Description: Although several studies have investigated commercial farmers’ risk preferences, there is still lack of information on the risk attitudes and risk preferences of smallholder farmers in South Africa. Risks associated with the adoption of new agricultural technology need to be explored in order to address the transition from homestead food gardening to smallholder irrigated farming. This study seeks to understand risk perception of smallholder irrigation farmers by linking constraints to commercialisation, adoption of new agricultural technologies and risk preferences of smallholder farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The overall objective of this research is to determine risk preference patterns and attitudes that influence the transition from homestead food gardening to irrigated farming of smallholder farming systems in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Specifically the study was to pursue the following objectives: (i) describe the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of smallholder farmers; (ii) describe existing farming systems among smallholder farmers in the study area; (iii) analyse the adoption of new agricultural technology by smallholder irrigation farmers; (iv) assess the risk perception of smallholder irrigation farmers and elicit farmers risk preferences, and (v) empirically analyse farmers sources of risk and risk management strategies. The outcome of this will inform policy formulation that have implications for technology adoption, increase smallholders capacity to bear risk and enable government and other role players have a clear understanding of smallholder farmers decisions. A total of 101 respondents were surveyed, consisting of 38 smallholder farmers and 63 homestead food gardeners in the Eastern Cape. Questionnaires were used to record household activities, socio-economic and institutional data as well as household demographics through personal interviews. The ordered probit model was applied due to the ordered nature of the dependent variable. The analysis was used to empirically analyse the determinants of farmers ‘risk preference status. The ordered probit model successfully estimated the significant variables associated with the farmer‘s adoption decisions. These were the farmer‘s age, household size, land size, locational setting, risk attitude, number of livestock (goats and chicken) and asset ownership. Homestead food gardeners were less risk averse that the smallholder farmers. Farmers who reside in the sub-wards Binfield and Battlefield were more likely to take risk than those who reside in Melani. This suggests the presence of local synergies in adoption which raises the question about the extent to which ignoring these influences biases policy conclusions. The negative correlation between land size and adoption implies that smaller farms appear to have greater propensity for adoption of new agricultural technology. This finding is supported by several studies reviewed in the literature that allude to the fact that homestead food gardeners tend to be smaller than smallholder farmers. By means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), seven principal components (PCs) that explained 66.13 percent of the variation were extracted. According to the loadings, the factors 1 to 7 can best be described as ‘financial and incentives index’, ‘input-output index’, ‘crop production index’, ‘labour bottleneck index’, ‘lack of production information index’, ‘lack of market opportunity index’, and ‘input availability index’ respectively. In general, price, production and financial risks were perceived as the most important sources of risk. Socio economic factors having a significant effect on the various sources of risk are age, gender, education, location, information access and risk taking ability. The most important traditional risk management strategies used by the surveyed smallholder farmers in Eastern Cape are crop diversification, precautionary savings and participating in social network. The findings are consistent with economic theory which postulates that in the absence of insurance markets, poor farm households tend to be risk averse and are reluctant to participate in farm investment decisions that are uncertain or involve higher risk.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Electrode surface modification using metallophthalocyanines and metal nanoparticles : electrocatalytic activity
- Authors: Maringa, Audacity
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Phthalocyanines , Nanoparticles , Electrocatalysis , Scanning electron microscopy , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , Electrochemistry , Scanning electrochemical microscopy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4541 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017921
- Description: Metallophthalocyanines and metal nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and applied for the electrooxidation of amitrole, nitrite and hydrazine individually or when employed together. The synthesized materials were characterized using the following techniques: predominantly scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemistry and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Different electrode modification methods were used to modify the glassy carbon substrates. The methods include adsorption, electrodeposition, electropolymerization and click chemistry. Modifying the glassy carbon substrate with MPc (electropolymerization) followed by metal nanoparticles (electrodeposition) or vice versa, made a hybrid modified surface that had efficient electron transfer. This was confirmed by electrochemical impedance studies with voltammetry measurements having lower detection potentials for the analytes. This work also describes for the first time the micropatterning of the glassy carbon substrate using the SECM tip. The substrate was electrografted with 4-azidobenzenediazonium salt and then the click reaction was performed using ethynylferrocene facilitated by Cu⁺ produced at the SECM tip. The SECM imaging was then used to show the clicked spot.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Maringa, Audacity
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Phthalocyanines , Nanoparticles , Electrocatalysis , Scanning electron microscopy , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , Electrochemistry , Scanning electrochemical microscopy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4541 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017921
- Description: Metallophthalocyanines and metal nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and applied for the electrooxidation of amitrole, nitrite and hydrazine individually or when employed together. The synthesized materials were characterized using the following techniques: predominantly scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemistry and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Different electrode modification methods were used to modify the glassy carbon substrates. The methods include adsorption, electrodeposition, electropolymerization and click chemistry. Modifying the glassy carbon substrate with MPc (electropolymerization) followed by metal nanoparticles (electrodeposition) or vice versa, made a hybrid modified surface that had efficient electron transfer. This was confirmed by electrochemical impedance studies with voltammetry measurements having lower detection potentials for the analytes. This work also describes for the first time the micropatterning of the glassy carbon substrate using the SECM tip. The substrate was electrografted with 4-azidobenzenediazonium salt and then the click reaction was performed using ethynylferrocene facilitated by Cu⁺ produced at the SECM tip. The SECM imaging was then used to show the clicked spot.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Assessment of the role of the board of directors in the implementation of corporate governance in the state owned entities: a case in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Makhala, Nombuyiselo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Corporate governance Directors of corporations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D.Admin
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13642 , vital:39687
- Description: Corporate governance is a well-recognized governing method, which ensures that the organization achieves its goals. This concept has received too much attention due to the number of reported corporate scandals in both public and private entities. Due to these highly publicized governance failures, the role of Board of Directors in the implementation of corporate governance has been questioned. Their role has been the topic of interest. The main aim of this study was to assess the role of the Board of Directors in the implementation of Corporate Governance in the State Owned Entities in the Eastern Cape Province. It also aimed to determine the strategies and mechanisms that can be used to enhance the role played by the Board of directors in the successful implementation of corporate governance in the public entities. This research was qualitative in nature and as part of this approach data was gathered through questionnaires and interviews. For this study, small scale and manageable sample was used. The sample was selected with the view that all the participants selected were experienced and directly involved in the policy and decision-making as well as in implementation of corporate governance in the state-owned entities. The secondary data was collected through the audit reports, performance, and annual reports of the different public entities. The findings of this study revealed that some Board of Directors are unable to play the effective role in the implementation of corporate governance due to lack of experience and skills required. The research has also revealed that the Boards are not effective in their role due to lax in enforcing accountability by the shareholder. The findings on poor performance management of the Boards is because of no standardized performance management system for the Eastern Cape Province public entities in place. Political deployment of board members had an impact in the independency and objectivity of the boards. The study recommends the appointment of skilled and qualifying board members, training and induction of newly appointed be conducted. Development of accountability framework for all the boards of the public entities in the Eastern Cape. For the Boards to successfully play an effective role in the implementation of corporate governance, adequate budget should be allocated to the public entities. Lastly, the development of the standardized performance management system and framework with prescribed key responsibility areas for all the Boards of the state owned entities will assist the Boards in knowing what is expected of them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Makhala, Nombuyiselo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Corporate governance Directors of corporations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D.Admin
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13642 , vital:39687
- Description: Corporate governance is a well-recognized governing method, which ensures that the organization achieves its goals. This concept has received too much attention due to the number of reported corporate scandals in both public and private entities. Due to these highly publicized governance failures, the role of Board of Directors in the implementation of corporate governance has been questioned. Their role has been the topic of interest. The main aim of this study was to assess the role of the Board of Directors in the implementation of Corporate Governance in the State Owned Entities in the Eastern Cape Province. It also aimed to determine the strategies and mechanisms that can be used to enhance the role played by the Board of directors in the successful implementation of corporate governance in the public entities. This research was qualitative in nature and as part of this approach data was gathered through questionnaires and interviews. For this study, small scale and manageable sample was used. The sample was selected with the view that all the participants selected were experienced and directly involved in the policy and decision-making as well as in implementation of corporate governance in the state-owned entities. The secondary data was collected through the audit reports, performance, and annual reports of the different public entities. The findings of this study revealed that some Board of Directors are unable to play the effective role in the implementation of corporate governance due to lack of experience and skills required. The research has also revealed that the Boards are not effective in their role due to lax in enforcing accountability by the shareholder. The findings on poor performance management of the Boards is because of no standardized performance management system for the Eastern Cape Province public entities in place. Political deployment of board members had an impact in the independency and objectivity of the boards. The study recommends the appointment of skilled and qualifying board members, training and induction of newly appointed be conducted. Development of accountability framework for all the boards of the public entities in the Eastern Cape. For the Boards to successfully play an effective role in the implementation of corporate governance, adequate budget should be allocated to the public entities. Lastly, the development of the standardized performance management system and framework with prescribed key responsibility areas for all the Boards of the state owned entities will assist the Boards in knowing what is expected of them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
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