Petrology and geochemistry of early cretaceous bimodal continental flood volcanism of the NW Etendeka, Namibia Part 2: characteristics and petrogenesis of the high-Ti latite and high-Ti and low-Ti voluminous quartz latite eruptives
- Ewart, A, Marsh, Julian S, Milner, Simon C, Duncan, Andrew R, Kamber, B S, Armstrong, R A
- Authors: Ewart, A , Marsh, Julian S , Milner, Simon C , Duncan, Andrew R , Kamber, B S , Armstrong, R A
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150593 , vital:38987 , https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg082
- Description: As a result of their relative concentration towards the respective Atlantic margins, the silicic eruptives of the Paraná (Brazil)–Etendeka large igneous province are disproportionately abundant in the Etendeka of Namibia. The NW Etendeka silicic units, dated at ∼132 Ma, occupy the upper stratigraphic levels of the volcanic sequences, restricted to the coastal zone, and comprise three latites and five quartz latites (QL).
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Ewart, A , Marsh, Julian S , Milner, Simon C , Duncan, Andrew R , Kamber, B S , Armstrong, R A
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150593 , vital:38987 , https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg082
- Description: As a result of their relative concentration towards the respective Atlantic margins, the silicic eruptives of the Paraná (Brazil)–Etendeka large igneous province are disproportionately abundant in the Etendeka of Namibia. The NW Etendeka silicic units, dated at ∼132 Ma, occupy the upper stratigraphic levels of the volcanic sequences, restricted to the coastal zone, and comprise three latites and five quartz latites (QL).
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2004
Expanding the host range of small insect RNA viruses: Providence virus (Carmotetraviridae) infects and replicates in a human tissue culture cell line
- Jiwaji, Meesbah, Short, James R, Dorrington, Rosemary A
- Authors: Jiwaji, Meesbah , Short, James R , Dorrington, Rosemary A
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65979 , vital:28874 , https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000578
- Description: publisher version , Tetraviruses are small, positive (+ve)-sense ssRNA viruses that infect the midgut cells of lepidopteran larvae. Providence virus(PrV) is the only member of the family Carmotetraviridae (previously Tetraviridae). PrV particles exhibit the characteristic tetraviral T=4 icosahedral symmetry, but PrV is distinct from other tetraviruses with respect to genome organization and viral non-structural proteins. Currently, PrV is the only tetravirus known to infect and replicate in lepidopteran cell culture lines. In this report we demonstrate, using immunofluorescence microscopy, that PrV infects and replicates in a human tissue culture cell line (HeLa), producing infectious virus particles. We also provide evidence for PrV replication in vitro in insect, mammalian and plant cell-free systems. This study challenges the long-held view that tetraviruses have a narrow host range confined to one or a few lepidopteran species and highlights the need to consider the potential for apparently non-infectious viruses to be transferred to new hosts in the laboratory.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Jiwaji, Meesbah , Short, James R , Dorrington, Rosemary A
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65979 , vital:28874 , https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000578
- Description: publisher version , Tetraviruses are small, positive (+ve)-sense ssRNA viruses that infect the midgut cells of lepidopteran larvae. Providence virus(PrV) is the only member of the family Carmotetraviridae (previously Tetraviridae). PrV particles exhibit the characteristic tetraviral T=4 icosahedral symmetry, but PrV is distinct from other tetraviruses with respect to genome organization and viral non-structural proteins. Currently, PrV is the only tetravirus known to infect and replicate in lepidopteran cell culture lines. In this report we demonstrate, using immunofluorescence microscopy, that PrV infects and replicates in a human tissue culture cell line (HeLa), producing infectious virus particles. We also provide evidence for PrV replication in vitro in insect, mammalian and plant cell-free systems. This study challenges the long-held view that tetraviruses have a narrow host range confined to one or a few lepidopteran species and highlights the need to consider the potential for apparently non-infectious viruses to be transferred to new hosts in the laboratory.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Perceptions of fortune and misfortune in older South African households: social assistance and the ‘Good Life’
- Moller, Valerie, Radloff, Sarah E
- Authors: Moller, Valerie , Radloff, Sarah E
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67165 , vital:29043 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0026-8
- Description: publisher version , It is commonly assumed that better living standards will boost subjective well-being. The post-apartheid South African government subscribes to this idea; its social policies aim to provide ‘a better life for all’. Since the coming of democracy in 1994, the state has built over 3 million houses and supplied electricity and clean water to poor households. By 2009, an estimated 43 % of households were beneficiaries of social grants. The question is whether this investment in services and social assistance translates into higher well-being of citizens. It is argued that older people’s experience of positive change in their life circumstances can be taken as a litmus test of progress in society. The paper reports results of a sample survey conducted in 2009 that inquired into the living circumstances and well-being of 1,000 older low-income households in two provinces linked by a labour migration route. Older households were defined as ones with a member 55 years and older. The sample was drawn among three approximately equal-sized subgroups: Rural black households in the former ‘homelands’ of the Eastern Cape Province, and black and coloured households in Cape Town in the Western Cape Province. The majority of the households in the survey had been interviewed in an earlier survey conducted in late 2002. Both material and non-material changes had occurred in the household situation over the 6-year period between 2002 and 2009. Access to housing and infrastructure had improved but financial difficulties and debts continued to plague many of the surveyed households. Rural black households appeared to be worst off among the three categories of older households with the lowest level of living; coloured households best situated with the highest level of living. Urban black households, many of whom were immigrants to Cape Town, appeared to have experienced the greatest fluctuations in their material circumstances between 2002 and 2009 and a mix of fortune and misfortune. Results indicated that social grants, which provided a modicum of financial security and peace of mind, made the crucial difference between fortune and misfortune for vulnerable households. Securing a social pension and other grants appeared to be the main route to good fortune for the rural households in the study. Households in Cape Town required wage income in addition to grant income to get by in the city. This mix of income sources diluted urban households’ dependence on social assistance. Regression model results suggest that income and financial security play a significantly more important role in boosting the well-being of low-income older households than access to services. Pooling of income, a common practice in pensioner households, contributed significantly to household satisfaction.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Moller, Valerie , Radloff, Sarah E
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67165 , vital:29043 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0026-8
- Description: publisher version , It is commonly assumed that better living standards will boost subjective well-being. The post-apartheid South African government subscribes to this idea; its social policies aim to provide ‘a better life for all’. Since the coming of democracy in 1994, the state has built over 3 million houses and supplied electricity and clean water to poor households. By 2009, an estimated 43 % of households were beneficiaries of social grants. The question is whether this investment in services and social assistance translates into higher well-being of citizens. It is argued that older people’s experience of positive change in their life circumstances can be taken as a litmus test of progress in society. The paper reports results of a sample survey conducted in 2009 that inquired into the living circumstances and well-being of 1,000 older low-income households in two provinces linked by a labour migration route. Older households were defined as ones with a member 55 years and older. The sample was drawn among three approximately equal-sized subgroups: Rural black households in the former ‘homelands’ of the Eastern Cape Province, and black and coloured households in Cape Town in the Western Cape Province. The majority of the households in the survey had been interviewed in an earlier survey conducted in late 2002. Both material and non-material changes had occurred in the household situation over the 6-year period between 2002 and 2009. Access to housing and infrastructure had improved but financial difficulties and debts continued to plague many of the surveyed households. Rural black households appeared to be worst off among the three categories of older households with the lowest level of living; coloured households best situated with the highest level of living. Urban black households, many of whom were immigrants to Cape Town, appeared to have experienced the greatest fluctuations in their material circumstances between 2002 and 2009 and a mix of fortune and misfortune. Results indicated that social grants, which provided a modicum of financial security and peace of mind, made the crucial difference between fortune and misfortune for vulnerable households. Securing a social pension and other grants appeared to be the main route to good fortune for the rural households in the study. Households in Cape Town required wage income in addition to grant income to get by in the city. This mix of income sources diluted urban households’ dependence on social assistance. Regression model results suggest that income and financial security play a significantly more important role in boosting the well-being of low-income older households than access to services. Pooling of income, a common practice in pensioner households, contributed significantly to household satisfaction.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
Legal ethics education in South Africa: possibilities, challenges and opportunities
- Robertson, Michael, Kruuse, Helen
- Authors: Robertson, Michael , Kruuse, Helen
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68941 , vital:29341 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02587203.2016.1210934
- Description: Publisher version , The South African legal profession has been subject to harsh criticism in the last few years, leading to what some have called ‘an ethical crisis.’ Although this perception may or may not be warranted, there have been numerous calls for improved ethical legal practices by South African lawyers. This article seeks to contribute to a discussion about the importance of implementing legal ethics education in South African law schools. The authors (a) explore the meaning of ‘ethical legal practice’ by reference to the international literature; (b) examine the way in which legal ethics has so far been presented in the limited South African literature on the topic; (c) argue the need for a more thorough and critical literature on South African lawyers’ ethics, coupled with a commitment to developing a stronger legal ethics culture within the profession and the legal academia; and (d) suggest a possible approach for South African legal ethics education in the future, with reference to recent developments in other countries.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Robertson, Michael , Kruuse, Helen
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68941 , vital:29341 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02587203.2016.1210934
- Description: Publisher version , The South African legal profession has been subject to harsh criticism in the last few years, leading to what some have called ‘an ethical crisis.’ Although this perception may or may not be warranted, there have been numerous calls for improved ethical legal practices by South African lawyers. This article seeks to contribute to a discussion about the importance of implementing legal ethics education in South African law schools. The authors (a) explore the meaning of ‘ethical legal practice’ by reference to the international literature; (b) examine the way in which legal ethics has so far been presented in the limited South African literature on the topic; (c) argue the need for a more thorough and critical literature on South African lawyers’ ethics, coupled with a commitment to developing a stronger legal ethics culture within the profession and the legal academia; and (d) suggest a possible approach for South African legal ethics education in the future, with reference to recent developments in other countries.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
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