Mistake, financial institutions, and the contract of suretyship: Prins v ABSA Bank Ltd 1998 (3) SA 904 (C)
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/155985 , vital:39938 , https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journalsamp;handle=hein.journals/tyromhldre62amp;id=488amp;men_tab=srchresults
- Description: Although the debate about contractual mistake and its theoretical foundations has evolved to the point where disagreement and contradiction has in recent times been replaced by a far higher degree of certainty and clarity (Van der Merwe and Van Huyssteen "Reasonable reliance on consensus, iustus error and the creation of contractual obligations" 1994 SALJ 679 686; Hutchison "Contract formation" in Zimmermann and Visser (eds) Southern Cross: Civil law and common law in South Africa (1996) 193), judgments dealing with the question of mistake will no doubt continue to provide interesting insights into this area of the law. Prins v ABSA Bank Ltd serves as a case in point.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/155985 , vital:39938 , https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journalsamp;handle=hein.journals/tyromhldre62amp;id=488amp;men_tab=srchresults
- Description: Although the debate about contractual mistake and its theoretical foundations has evolved to the point where disagreement and contradiction has in recent times been replaced by a far higher degree of certainty and clarity (Van der Merwe and Van Huyssteen "Reasonable reliance on consensus, iustus error and the creation of contractual obligations" 1994 SALJ 679 686; Hutchison "Contract formation" in Zimmermann and Visser (eds) Southern Cross: Civil law and common law in South Africa (1996) 193), judgments dealing with the question of mistake will no doubt continue to provide interesting insights into this area of the law. Prins v ABSA Bank Ltd serves as a case in point.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Teenage pregnancy and its 'negative' consequences: review of South African research - Part 1
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:21005 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5982 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639902900101
- Description: Teenage pregnancy emerged as a social issue within the United States in the 1970s, and somewhat later in South Africa, In this article I review South African research and literature concerning the consequences of teenage pregnancy, because it is on this level that teenage pregnancy is formulated as a problem, The literature is reviewed against the backdrop of some international research in order to provide a basis for comparison, Research on the disruption of schooling, socio-economic disadvantage, obstetric outcomes, inadequate mothering, neglect and abuse, relationship difficulties and demographic concerns is reviewed, Various gaps in the South African literature are identified, These include an inadequate theoretical grounding, a lack of gender and historical analyses, and no exploration of the power relations within which teenage pregnancy occurs.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:21005 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5982 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639902900101
- Description: Teenage pregnancy emerged as a social issue within the United States in the 1970s, and somewhat later in South Africa, In this article I review South African research and literature concerning the consequences of teenage pregnancy, because it is on this level that teenage pregnancy is formulated as a problem, The literature is reviewed against the backdrop of some international research in order to provide a basis for comparison, Research on the disruption of schooling, socio-economic disadvantage, obstetric outcomes, inadequate mothering, neglect and abuse, relationship difficulties and demographic concerns is reviewed, Various gaps in the South African literature are identified, These include an inadequate theoretical grounding, a lack of gender and historical analyses, and no exploration of the power relations within which teenage pregnancy occurs.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Effect of concentration and degree of saturation of topical fluocinonide formulations on in vitro membrane transport and in vivo availability on human skin
- Schwarb, Fabian P, Imanidis, Georgios, Smith, Eric W, Haigh, John M, Surber, Christian
- Authors: Schwarb, Fabian P , Imanidis, Georgios , Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M , Surber, Christian
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6425 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006560
- Description: Purpose. The thermodynamic acitvity of drugs in topical vehicles is considered to significantly influence topical delivery. In vitro diffusion across a synthetic membrane was shown to be correlated to the degree of saturation of the drug in the applied vehicle and therefore offers a potential for increased topical drug delivery. Fluocinonide a topical corticosteroid, was chosen as a model compound to investigate in vitro and in vivo availability from formulations with different degrees of saturation. Methods. Sub-, as well as, supersaturated drug solutions were prepared using PVP as an antinucleant agent. In vitro membrane diffusion experiments across silicone membrane and in vivo pharmacodynamic activity assessments, using the human skin blanching assay, were carried out. Results. Over the concentration range studied, the in vitro membrane transport of fluocinonide was proportional to the degree of saturation of the respective formulations. The in vivo pharmacodynamic response in the human skin blanching assay was related to the concentration of the drug in the vehicle irrespective of the degree of saturation. Conclusions. From the membrane permeation experiment it can be concluded, that the drug flux might be increased supra-proportionally with increasing donor concentration, drug (super-)saturation (proportional), beyond what would be anticipated based on ideal donor concentration and partition coefficient considerations only. These findings could not be confirmed in the in vivo investigation, probably due to additional vehicle effects (e.g., enhancement, irritation, drug binding) which have to be expected and could have altered the integrity of the stratum corneum and therewith topical bioavailability of the drug.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Schwarb, Fabian P , Imanidis, Georgios , Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M , Surber, Christian
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6425 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006560
- Description: Purpose. The thermodynamic acitvity of drugs in topical vehicles is considered to significantly influence topical delivery. In vitro diffusion across a synthetic membrane was shown to be correlated to the degree of saturation of the drug in the applied vehicle and therefore offers a potential for increased topical drug delivery. Fluocinonide a topical corticosteroid, was chosen as a model compound to investigate in vitro and in vivo availability from formulations with different degrees of saturation. Methods. Sub-, as well as, supersaturated drug solutions were prepared using PVP as an antinucleant agent. In vitro membrane diffusion experiments across silicone membrane and in vivo pharmacodynamic activity assessments, using the human skin blanching assay, were carried out. Results. Over the concentration range studied, the in vitro membrane transport of fluocinonide was proportional to the degree of saturation of the respective formulations. The in vivo pharmacodynamic response in the human skin blanching assay was related to the concentration of the drug in the vehicle irrespective of the degree of saturation. Conclusions. From the membrane permeation experiment it can be concluded, that the drug flux might be increased supra-proportionally with increasing donor concentration, drug (super-)saturation (proportional), beyond what would be anticipated based on ideal donor concentration and partition coefficient considerations only. These findings could not be confirmed in the in vivo investigation, probably due to additional vehicle effects (e.g., enhancement, irritation, drug binding) which have to be expected and could have altered the integrity of the stratum corneum and therewith topical bioavailability of the drug.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
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