A cross-cultural study of eating disordered behaviour in female university residence students
- Authors: Geach, Michele Fiona
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Eating disorders -- South Africa -- Cross-cultural studies Women college students -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009452
- Description: The compilation of information on the incidence of eating disorders in South African university residence women has been identified as an urgent matter by the National Eating Disorders Coordinating Committee (NEDCC). This study was undertaken to determine the degree of eating disordered behaviour across cultures in female university residence students from the University of Natal, Durban and Pietermaritzburg campuses, and the University of Durban Westville. The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was completed by 39 black, 41 white, 6 Indian and 4 Coloured students. It was hypothesised that white women would show higher rates of disordered eating; that black women in more advanced years of study ie. those who are more acculturated, would show more disordered eating behaviour than first year black students; that black females would demonstrate higher Body Mass Index (BMI) scores than white students; and that a positive relationship would be found between Socio-economic status (SES) and disordered eating. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference in disordered eating among black and white female students. Degree of disordered eating did not increase with year of study. Although black students demonstrated significantly higher BMI scores than white students, there was no difference in body dissatisfaction scores. Furthermore there was no relationship found between SES and degree of disordered eating behaviour. An attempt is made to explain these results by exploring the role of acculturation to Western appearance standards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Geach, Michele Fiona
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Eating disorders -- South Africa -- Cross-cultural studies Women college students -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009452
- Description: The compilation of information on the incidence of eating disorders in South African university residence women has been identified as an urgent matter by the National Eating Disorders Coordinating Committee (NEDCC). This study was undertaken to determine the degree of eating disordered behaviour across cultures in female university residence students from the University of Natal, Durban and Pietermaritzburg campuses, and the University of Durban Westville. The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was completed by 39 black, 41 white, 6 Indian and 4 Coloured students. It was hypothesised that white women would show higher rates of disordered eating; that black women in more advanced years of study ie. those who are more acculturated, would show more disordered eating behaviour than first year black students; that black females would demonstrate higher Body Mass Index (BMI) scores than white students; and that a positive relationship would be found between Socio-economic status (SES) and disordered eating. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference in disordered eating among black and white female students. Degree of disordered eating did not increase with year of study. Although black students demonstrated significantly higher BMI scores than white students, there was no difference in body dissatisfaction scores. Furthermore there was no relationship found between SES and degree of disordered eating behaviour. An attempt is made to explain these results by exploring the role of acculturation to Western appearance standards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A hermeneutic phenominological study of the understanding and treatment of Amafufunyana by traditional healers
- Authors: Gqibitole, Camagwini
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Traditional medicine Healers Mental illness -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5521 , vital:29313
- Description: Traditional healers have a different understanding of psychological illnesses to the western paradigm as well as a different way of diagnosing and treating psychological illnesses. Aims and Objectives. This study’s aim is to examine how traditional healers understand the causes of mental illness mainly focusing on amafufunyana and how this understanding informs treatments methods. Method. This has been done based on hermeneutic phenomenology by drawing from the lived experience of traditional healers through a focus group interview. Results. Upon analysis of the data it becomes clear that traditional healers understand the aetiology of amafufunyana to be supernatural forces. Amafufunyana present in overt and covert symptoms and the diagnostic process entails connecting with the ancestors for their guidance and confirmation of diagnosis, as well as guidance on which imithi to use. The treatment process is congruent with the diagnostic process as it also entails guidance from the ancestors on which imithi to use. Other valuable aspects of traditional healing were brought forward while conducting this study. The aspect of protection from the ancestors was emphasised. It became evident in the analysis of this study that the rituals that are performed in order to appease the ancestors facilitate the connection to the ancestors and through maintaining this connect one can be protected from an array of illnesses and misfortunes. Recommendations. It is recommended that recommended that more studies are conducted with traditional healers in order to give them an opportunity to elaborate on their lived experience of healing, as it was observed that a majority of literature speak on behalf of traditional healers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Gqibitole, Camagwini
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Traditional medicine Healers Mental illness -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5521 , vital:29313
- Description: Traditional healers have a different understanding of psychological illnesses to the western paradigm as well as a different way of diagnosing and treating psychological illnesses. Aims and Objectives. This study’s aim is to examine how traditional healers understand the causes of mental illness mainly focusing on amafufunyana and how this understanding informs treatments methods. Method. This has been done based on hermeneutic phenomenology by drawing from the lived experience of traditional healers through a focus group interview. Results. Upon analysis of the data it becomes clear that traditional healers understand the aetiology of amafufunyana to be supernatural forces. Amafufunyana present in overt and covert symptoms and the diagnostic process entails connecting with the ancestors for their guidance and confirmation of diagnosis, as well as guidance on which imithi to use. The treatment process is congruent with the diagnostic process as it also entails guidance from the ancestors on which imithi to use. Other valuable aspects of traditional healing were brought forward while conducting this study. The aspect of protection from the ancestors was emphasised. It became evident in the analysis of this study that the rituals that are performed in order to appease the ancestors facilitate the connection to the ancestors and through maintaining this connect one can be protected from an array of illnesses and misfortunes. Recommendations. It is recommended that recommended that more studies are conducted with traditional healers in order to give them an opportunity to elaborate on their lived experience of healing, as it was observed that a majority of literature speak on behalf of traditional healers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Is craft brewing a threat to the sales of mainstream brands in South Africa
- Authors: Martin, Carmen Estelle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sales management -- South Africa , Brand name products -- South Africa Marketing -- South Africa -- Management Brewing -- Economic aspects Beer -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22563 , vital:30006
- Description: The study aims to answer the question of whether craft brewing is a threat to the sales of mainstream brands in South Africa. This is done through a quantitative multiple case research study into craft breweries within South Africa. The justification of the research resides within the hype around the increase in craft breweries within South Africa. The theoretical framework of the thesis consists of history of beer, the elements of beer, the supply of raw materials to manufacture beer and the definition of craft beer. The comparison is done between the United States Craft beer market and the South African Beer market. The empirical part of the study is divided into six parts. It starts with an explanation of the method of the study, the questionnaire design as well as the data collection methods. Thereafter the topic is further justified, and validity, reliability, limitations and ethical issues will be considered. The results and analysis and findings section there are 212 craft brewers appearing on the Brewers Association membership list, the purposive sampling method meant that the questionnaires were sent out to 192 craft brewers across South Africa. Of the total of 192 questionnaires distributed, only 22 responded to the study, effectively granting us a usable response rate of 11.5%. Due to the closed niche of the alcohol market that craft brewing is competing in, as well as the low participation rate, it was concluded that within South Africa craft brewing though a contender does not impact mainstream brands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Martin, Carmen Estelle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sales management -- South Africa , Brand name products -- South Africa Marketing -- South Africa -- Management Brewing -- Economic aspects Beer -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22563 , vital:30006
- Description: The study aims to answer the question of whether craft brewing is a threat to the sales of mainstream brands in South Africa. This is done through a quantitative multiple case research study into craft breweries within South Africa. The justification of the research resides within the hype around the increase in craft breweries within South Africa. The theoretical framework of the thesis consists of history of beer, the elements of beer, the supply of raw materials to manufacture beer and the definition of craft beer. The comparison is done between the United States Craft beer market and the South African Beer market. The empirical part of the study is divided into six parts. It starts with an explanation of the method of the study, the questionnaire design as well as the data collection methods. Thereafter the topic is further justified, and validity, reliability, limitations and ethical issues will be considered. The results and analysis and findings section there are 212 craft brewers appearing on the Brewers Association membership list, the purposive sampling method meant that the questionnaires were sent out to 192 craft brewers across South Africa. Of the total of 192 questionnaires distributed, only 22 responded to the study, effectively granting us a usable response rate of 11.5%. Due to the closed niche of the alcohol market that craft brewing is competing in, as well as the low participation rate, it was concluded that within South Africa craft brewing though a contender does not impact mainstream brands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Finding Frankenflora: investigating hybridisation between local and introduced Protea species at the Van Stadens Wildflower Reserve
- Authors: Macqueen, Timothy
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Proteaceae -- South Africa , Proteaceae Trees -- South Africa Hybridization
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40724 , vital:36230
- Description: This study provides an overview of hybridisation and methods to detect it in plants. This is documented in chapter 1. Another aim was to identify hybridisation between local and non-local species in the Proteaceae. This is covered in chapter 2. Finally the third aim was to develop a cheap and rapidly working method of detecting hybrids in this system. This is detailed in chapter 3. The model system for this research is the Van Stadens Wildflower Reserve. In 1984 the reserve manager introduced the non-local species, Protea susannae from Cape Agulhas. This represents a long-distance dispersal of over 600 km. This study is focused on looking at the impacts of the introduction of P. susannae on the local species P. eximia. I use genetic and morphological methods to detect hybrids. Hybridisation and the methods implemented to identify it are reviewed and discussed (Chapter 1). Morphological traits of the two species and direct sequencing of the nuclear ITS and chloroplast regions are compared (Chapter 2). This includes notes on the detection of hybrids and the potential for cryptic hybrids. I also focussed on testing of two rapid and low-cost techniques for detecting hybrids using Species Specific Primers (SSP’s) and High Resolution Melt (HRM). The Sanger sequencing method and ITS detected cryptic hybrids. The HRM was able to detect hybrids when comparing F1 putative hybrids to a ‘pure’ parent populations, but was not able to detect between a ‘pure’ parent population and F3 or F4 putative hybrids in the Van Stadens system. The SSP’s had the highest hybrid detection rate. Genetic methods, specifically the SSP’s were found to work well to detect hybrids in an environment where a hybrid swarm has taken place. The maps produced from this thesis will be useful for determining the distribution of hybrids in the reserve and for other similar hybrid systems. Long distance dispersal of Cape species may lead to the loss of genetic diversity or species as local and non-local hybridisation may occur, similar to the hybridisation between P. susannae and P. eximia in the Van Stadens Wild Flower Reserve. Genetic methods were shown to be superior to morphological hybrid detection (i.e. Sanger sequencing and SSP’s). The SSP approach tested here, which is dependent on the presence of fixed species specific SNP’s (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms), could offer a rapid and effective method to explore hybridisation through space and time.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Macqueen, Timothy
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Proteaceae -- South Africa , Proteaceae Trees -- South Africa Hybridization
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40724 , vital:36230
- Description: This study provides an overview of hybridisation and methods to detect it in plants. This is documented in chapter 1. Another aim was to identify hybridisation between local and non-local species in the Proteaceae. This is covered in chapter 2. Finally the third aim was to develop a cheap and rapidly working method of detecting hybrids in this system. This is detailed in chapter 3. The model system for this research is the Van Stadens Wildflower Reserve. In 1984 the reserve manager introduced the non-local species, Protea susannae from Cape Agulhas. This represents a long-distance dispersal of over 600 km. This study is focused on looking at the impacts of the introduction of P. susannae on the local species P. eximia. I use genetic and morphological methods to detect hybrids. Hybridisation and the methods implemented to identify it are reviewed and discussed (Chapter 1). Morphological traits of the two species and direct sequencing of the nuclear ITS and chloroplast regions are compared (Chapter 2). This includes notes on the detection of hybrids and the potential for cryptic hybrids. I also focussed on testing of two rapid and low-cost techniques for detecting hybrids using Species Specific Primers (SSP’s) and High Resolution Melt (HRM). The Sanger sequencing method and ITS detected cryptic hybrids. The HRM was able to detect hybrids when comparing F1 putative hybrids to a ‘pure’ parent populations, but was not able to detect between a ‘pure’ parent population and F3 or F4 putative hybrids in the Van Stadens system. The SSP’s had the highest hybrid detection rate. Genetic methods, specifically the SSP’s were found to work well to detect hybrids in an environment where a hybrid swarm has taken place. The maps produced from this thesis will be useful for determining the distribution of hybrids in the reserve and for other similar hybrid systems. Long distance dispersal of Cape species may lead to the loss of genetic diversity or species as local and non-local hybridisation may occur, similar to the hybridisation between P. susannae and P. eximia in the Van Stadens Wild Flower Reserve. Genetic methods were shown to be superior to morphological hybrid detection (i.e. Sanger sequencing and SSP’s). The SSP approach tested here, which is dependent on the presence of fixed species specific SNP’s (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms), could offer a rapid and effective method to explore hybridisation through space and time.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
What limits an invasive biotic and abiotic effects on the distribution of the invasive mussel mytilus galloprovincialis on the South African coastline
- Authors: Hall, Madison
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Perna , Mytilus galloprovincialis , Mussels -- South Africa , Introduced organisms -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5927 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017805
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Hall, Madison
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Perna , Mytilus galloprovincialis , Mussels -- South Africa , Introduced organisms -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5927 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017805
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Woody encroachment and plant-root soil interactions in a semi-arid savanna
- Authors: Gusha, Bukho
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Pastures -- Management Weeds Invasive plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12139 , vital:39174
- Description: Savannas occupy 1/8 of the global land surface, support a large proportion of the world’s human population and the majority of its rangeland and livestock. Woody encroachment has been reported as the major challenge in these landscapes. This study describes the differences between three contrasting tree density classes in a semi- arid savanna with the view to developing an improved understanding of woody encroachment which is prevalent in this region. The study attempted to determine if there was a relationship between lateral root distributions at varying soil depths with increasing levels of woody encroachment, and to compare species composition and soil water profiles in these rangelands. Three homogeneous vegetation units, namely: sparsely encroached (HVU1), grassland (HVU2) and Albany thicket (HVU3) were identified for the study sites. A Trench method was used determine root biomass and a step point method was used to determine herbaceous species composition in all the HVUs. The results showed that more Decreaser species (especially Themeda triandra) were recorded in a sparsely encroached site (HVU1) and grassland site (HVU2), while Cynodon dactylon was mostly recorded in the thicket site (HVU3). Acacia karroo was mostly recorded in HVU1 while in HVU2 other woody species such as Coddia rudis and Grewia occidentalis were also recoded. HVU3 had the poorest basal cover (point to tuft distance) (22.60 cm) while HVU1 (9.93 cm) and HVU2 (7.73 cm) had moderate basal cover. The herbaceous standing biomass was significantly different across the HVUs. HVU3 was higher (1206.15 kg ha-1) than HVU1 (942.43 kg ha-1) and HVU2 (677.10 kg ha-1). The soil moisture content was significantly different between the HVUs, but was not significantly different between the depths (p< 0.05). High soil moisture content was recorded in HVU3 compared to other HVUs. The results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that soil depth and the type of homogenous vegetation unit (HVU) had significant effects (p<0.01) on root biomass. The pair wise t-test showed that there were no significant difference in root biomass between sparsely encroached (HVU1) and grassland (HVU2) sites (p>0.05), but there were significant differences in root biomass between grassland (HVU2) and thicket (HVU3) site (p<0.05). The mean for total root biomass found in the study was 2.66 kg m-2. In all the trenches most of the root biomass was found in depth 1 (0-30 cm) which was 2.43 kg m-2followed by 1.32 kg m-2 in depth 2 (30-60 cm) and 0.49 kg m-2 in depth 3 (60-90 cm). According to the results on species composition, herbaceous biomass, basal cover, soil moisture content and the root biomass, Kwezana communal rangeland has a potential of running a sustainable livestock production enterprise if proper management practices can be implemented. To improve the rangelands of Kwezana communal rangelands, management such as proper resting, burning, proper stocking rates and physically clearing of bushes should be considered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Gusha, Bukho
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Pastures -- Management Weeds Invasive plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12139 , vital:39174
- Description: Savannas occupy 1/8 of the global land surface, support a large proportion of the world’s human population and the majority of its rangeland and livestock. Woody encroachment has been reported as the major challenge in these landscapes. This study describes the differences between three contrasting tree density classes in a semi- arid savanna with the view to developing an improved understanding of woody encroachment which is prevalent in this region. The study attempted to determine if there was a relationship between lateral root distributions at varying soil depths with increasing levels of woody encroachment, and to compare species composition and soil water profiles in these rangelands. Three homogeneous vegetation units, namely: sparsely encroached (HVU1), grassland (HVU2) and Albany thicket (HVU3) were identified for the study sites. A Trench method was used determine root biomass and a step point method was used to determine herbaceous species composition in all the HVUs. The results showed that more Decreaser species (especially Themeda triandra) were recorded in a sparsely encroached site (HVU1) and grassland site (HVU2), while Cynodon dactylon was mostly recorded in the thicket site (HVU3). Acacia karroo was mostly recorded in HVU1 while in HVU2 other woody species such as Coddia rudis and Grewia occidentalis were also recoded. HVU3 had the poorest basal cover (point to tuft distance) (22.60 cm) while HVU1 (9.93 cm) and HVU2 (7.73 cm) had moderate basal cover. The herbaceous standing biomass was significantly different across the HVUs. HVU3 was higher (1206.15 kg ha-1) than HVU1 (942.43 kg ha-1) and HVU2 (677.10 kg ha-1). The soil moisture content was significantly different between the HVUs, but was not significantly different between the depths (p< 0.05). High soil moisture content was recorded in HVU3 compared to other HVUs. The results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that soil depth and the type of homogenous vegetation unit (HVU) had significant effects (p<0.01) on root biomass. The pair wise t-test showed that there were no significant difference in root biomass between sparsely encroached (HVU1) and grassland (HVU2) sites (p>0.05), but there were significant differences in root biomass between grassland (HVU2) and thicket (HVU3) site (p<0.05). The mean for total root biomass found in the study was 2.66 kg m-2. In all the trenches most of the root biomass was found in depth 1 (0-30 cm) which was 2.43 kg m-2followed by 1.32 kg m-2 in depth 2 (30-60 cm) and 0.49 kg m-2 in depth 3 (60-90 cm). According to the results on species composition, herbaceous biomass, basal cover, soil moisture content and the root biomass, Kwezana communal rangeland has a potential of running a sustainable livestock production enterprise if proper management practices can be implemented. To improve the rangelands of Kwezana communal rangelands, management such as proper resting, burning, proper stocking rates and physically clearing of bushes should be considered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Water quality, abalone growth and the potential for integrated mariculture on a South African abalone Haliotis midae L. farm
- Authors: Yearsley, Rowan David
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Abalones -- South Africa Abalone culture -- South Africa Abalones -- Growth Mariculture -- South Africa Water quality -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5334 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005180
- Description: Abalone Haliotis midae farming in South Africa is highly intensive, employing pump-ashore, flow-through systems. Despite the known sensitivity of abalone to water quality, there is only a rudimentary understanding of water quality dynamics on South African abalone farms and its effects on abalone production. Furthermore, the potential for reusing the relatively dilute abalone farm effluent to culture other animal species has not been investigated. This study investigated the dynamics of water quality and growth on a South African abalone farm and assessed the suitability of the effluent for the culture of silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus and bloodworm Arenicola loveni loveni. Monitoring of water quality and abalone growth in abalone tanks revealed that oxygen concentrations decreased, while H⁺ ion and free-ammonia (NH₃) concentration increased in a gradient between the inflow and outflow. Abalone growth was positively correlated with oxygen concentration and negatively correlated with free-ammonia and H⁺ ion concentration. The oxygen (O) concentration of the farm influent was dependent upon the influents’ temperature (T) and was described by the relationship O (mg L⁻¹) = 11.244 – 0.208T (r²=0.74). Linear regression analysis of data collected from abalone farm tanks revealed that the concentration of total ammonia at the outflow of abalone tanks (μg TAN L⁻¹) was dependant upon temperature (°C), flow-rate (L s⁻¹ kg⁻¹ H. midae), abalone size (g) and length of time since the tank was last cleaned (d) (n = 125, r² = 0.80). The production of total ammonia (μg TAN s⁻¹ kg⁻¹) was related to temperature, abalone size and days that the tanks remained un-cleaned (n = 125; r² = 0.81). A diurnal cycle of respiration was evident in abalone tanks with higher oxygen consumption and H+ ion production at night. The oxygen concentration of farm effluent was related to temperature, farm biomass and flow rate by means of a linear regression equation (n = 40; r² = 0.69). The results demonstrated the importance of optimising the flow-rate per unit of biomass for various temperatures and sizes of abalone. As abalone size and temperature cannot be controlled under farm conditions, the flow-rate per unit of biomass which the abalone culture system receives will determine the quality of the culture water. The specific growth rate (0.48 ± 0.01 % BW d⁻¹), mortality (1.8 ± 0.5 %), feed conversion ratio (3.0 ± 0.2) and protein efficiency ratio (1.0 ± 0.1) of silver kob kept in either abalone farm effluent or control seawater for 120 days did not differ significantly (t-test, P>0.05). A 90 day growth trial indicated that abalone farm effluent is a suitable culture medium for bloodworm. Bloodworm supplied with control seawater lost weight at 0.19 ± 0.04 % BW d-1, while those given abalone effluent grew at 0.39 ± 0.07 % BW d⁻¹. Mortality was 6 ± 3 % in effluent and 11 ± 8 % in seawater. The bloodworm were efficient at processing solid waste. Abalone farm effluent initially contained 7.7 ± 13 mg L⁻¹ more suspended solids than control seawater, which contained 3.5 ± 0.5 mg L⁻¹, but after passing through bloodworm systems the concentration in abalone effluent was reduced to only 1.4 ± 3.5 mg L⁻¹ above that in control seawater. Therefore, abalone farm effluent could be reused as a culture medium for both silver kob and bloodworm. Future work is needed to investigate aspects of the feasibility of such systems such as growth rates at different sizes and stocking densities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Yearsley, Rowan David
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Abalones -- South Africa Abalone culture -- South Africa Abalones -- Growth Mariculture -- South Africa Water quality -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5334 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005180
- Description: Abalone Haliotis midae farming in South Africa is highly intensive, employing pump-ashore, flow-through systems. Despite the known sensitivity of abalone to water quality, there is only a rudimentary understanding of water quality dynamics on South African abalone farms and its effects on abalone production. Furthermore, the potential for reusing the relatively dilute abalone farm effluent to culture other animal species has not been investigated. This study investigated the dynamics of water quality and growth on a South African abalone farm and assessed the suitability of the effluent for the culture of silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus and bloodworm Arenicola loveni loveni. Monitoring of water quality and abalone growth in abalone tanks revealed that oxygen concentrations decreased, while H⁺ ion and free-ammonia (NH₃) concentration increased in a gradient between the inflow and outflow. Abalone growth was positively correlated with oxygen concentration and negatively correlated with free-ammonia and H⁺ ion concentration. The oxygen (O) concentration of the farm influent was dependent upon the influents’ temperature (T) and was described by the relationship O (mg L⁻¹) = 11.244 – 0.208T (r²=0.74). Linear regression analysis of data collected from abalone farm tanks revealed that the concentration of total ammonia at the outflow of abalone tanks (μg TAN L⁻¹) was dependant upon temperature (°C), flow-rate (L s⁻¹ kg⁻¹ H. midae), abalone size (g) and length of time since the tank was last cleaned (d) (n = 125, r² = 0.80). The production of total ammonia (μg TAN s⁻¹ kg⁻¹) was related to temperature, abalone size and days that the tanks remained un-cleaned (n = 125; r² = 0.81). A diurnal cycle of respiration was evident in abalone tanks with higher oxygen consumption and H+ ion production at night. The oxygen concentration of farm effluent was related to temperature, farm biomass and flow rate by means of a linear regression equation (n = 40; r² = 0.69). The results demonstrated the importance of optimising the flow-rate per unit of biomass for various temperatures and sizes of abalone. As abalone size and temperature cannot be controlled under farm conditions, the flow-rate per unit of biomass which the abalone culture system receives will determine the quality of the culture water. The specific growth rate (0.48 ± 0.01 % BW d⁻¹), mortality (1.8 ± 0.5 %), feed conversion ratio (3.0 ± 0.2) and protein efficiency ratio (1.0 ± 0.1) of silver kob kept in either abalone farm effluent or control seawater for 120 days did not differ significantly (t-test, P>0.05). A 90 day growth trial indicated that abalone farm effluent is a suitable culture medium for bloodworm. Bloodworm supplied with control seawater lost weight at 0.19 ± 0.04 % BW d-1, while those given abalone effluent grew at 0.39 ± 0.07 % BW d⁻¹. Mortality was 6 ± 3 % in effluent and 11 ± 8 % in seawater. The bloodworm were efficient at processing solid waste. Abalone farm effluent initially contained 7.7 ± 13 mg L⁻¹ more suspended solids than control seawater, which contained 3.5 ± 0.5 mg L⁻¹, but after passing through bloodworm systems the concentration in abalone effluent was reduced to only 1.4 ± 3.5 mg L⁻¹ above that in control seawater. Therefore, abalone farm effluent could be reused as a culture medium for both silver kob and bloodworm. Future work is needed to investigate aspects of the feasibility of such systems such as growth rates at different sizes and stocking densities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Characterisation of InAs-based epilayers by FTIR spectroscopy
- Authors: Baisitse, Tshepiso Revonia
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , Gallium arsenide semiconductors
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10534 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/474 , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , Gallium arsenide semiconductors
- Description: This study focuses on the characterization of InAs and InAs1-xSbx epitaxial layers by infrared reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy and Hall measurements. Reflectance measurements were performed in order to obtain the dielectric parameters and to extract from these information about the electrical properties (mobility and carrier concentration) of this important III-V material system. The transmittance measurements were used to determine the bandgap of InAsSb. Infrared reflectivity and transmittance measurements were performed in the wavelength range 200 – 2000 cm-1 on InAs and InAsSb layers grown on three types of substrates. A classical two oscillator model that takes into account both the free carriers and the lattice, was used to analyse the reflectance data using the BMDP® computer curve fitting software. The dielectric parameters and the electrical properties (carrier concentration and mobility) were extracted from the simulations. Due to the low free carrier concentration in the epitaxial structures, the plasma resonance frequency (ωp) values obtained from the simulations of reflectance spectra measured above 200 cm-1, were in the order of 20-30 cm-1. These low values were confirmed by direct measurements of ωp in reflectance spectra obtained in the range 15-200 cm-1. The simulated carrier concentration and mobility values determined optically were compared to the values determined by Hall measurements at room temperature and previously reported values by other researchers. The simulated values obtained were in reasonable agreement with the Hall values. The simulated and measured carrier concentrations obtained for InAs layers were significantly higher than the intrinsic carrier concentration for InAs at room temperature, indicating notable concentrations of donors resulting from the growth process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Baisitse, Tshepiso Revonia
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , Gallium arsenide semiconductors
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10534 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/474 , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , Gallium arsenide semiconductors
- Description: This study focuses on the characterization of InAs and InAs1-xSbx epitaxial layers by infrared reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy and Hall measurements. Reflectance measurements were performed in order to obtain the dielectric parameters and to extract from these information about the electrical properties (mobility and carrier concentration) of this important III-V material system. The transmittance measurements were used to determine the bandgap of InAsSb. Infrared reflectivity and transmittance measurements were performed in the wavelength range 200 – 2000 cm-1 on InAs and InAsSb layers grown on three types of substrates. A classical two oscillator model that takes into account both the free carriers and the lattice, was used to analyse the reflectance data using the BMDP® computer curve fitting software. The dielectric parameters and the electrical properties (carrier concentration and mobility) were extracted from the simulations. Due to the low free carrier concentration in the epitaxial structures, the plasma resonance frequency (ωp) values obtained from the simulations of reflectance spectra measured above 200 cm-1, were in the order of 20-30 cm-1. These low values were confirmed by direct measurements of ωp in reflectance spectra obtained in the range 15-200 cm-1. The simulated carrier concentration and mobility values determined optically were compared to the values determined by Hall measurements at room temperature and previously reported values by other researchers. The simulated values obtained were in reasonable agreement with the Hall values. The simulated and measured carrier concentrations obtained for InAs layers were significantly higher than the intrinsic carrier concentration for InAs at room temperature, indicating notable concentrations of donors resulting from the growth process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
The informal economy as a catalyst for development in the Raymond Mhlaba Municipality
- Authors: Manzana, Noludwe
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40933 , vital:36271
- Description: In South Africa, the informal economy is expected to play a significant role, mainly because informal employment is relatively high in comparison to formal employment. The South African economy is characterised by a sluggish pace of job creation in the formal sector and a high rate of unemployment. The literature reveals that in recent years, small towns in South Africa have become key hubs for service delivery and the economic activity involved in the receipt and processing thereof. As such, these towns are viewed as essential to the implementation of the developmental local goals of South Africa’s government. In relation to this view, the established strand relates to the small-town growth and development potential with the core theme of local economic development. Raymond Mhlaba informal trading has become an economic alternative for some community members. In order to ensure the optimal efficiency of informal businesses there is a need to understand the needs of informal traders and the contributions made by the informal sector in their lives. There is a tremendous potential within the informal business sector for it to become a major role player in sustaining the livelihoods of many people, but the efficiency of these informal businesses needs to be improved by removing some of the constraints which hinder their effective functioning. These constraints include crime, transport, municipal services and financial support with the assistance from Local Eco-nomic Development (LED) to enhance a competitive, increasing sustainable growth and to ensure that growth within a local area is inclusive. This research therefore assesses the role of the informal economy as a catalyst for development in the Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. In addition, the findings will be useful for local municipalities within the district to fully comprehend the views of municipal legislations and informal traders with regard to policies and practices, as well as their impact on enabling the development of local municipalities through the informal economy. Lastly, the research findings will also enrich the knowledge base on informal trading in local municipalities and may be useful information regarding the development of a more sustainable regulatory approach to informal economy in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Manzana, Noludwe
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40933 , vital:36271
- Description: In South Africa, the informal economy is expected to play a significant role, mainly because informal employment is relatively high in comparison to formal employment. The South African economy is characterised by a sluggish pace of job creation in the formal sector and a high rate of unemployment. The literature reveals that in recent years, small towns in South Africa have become key hubs for service delivery and the economic activity involved in the receipt and processing thereof. As such, these towns are viewed as essential to the implementation of the developmental local goals of South Africa’s government. In relation to this view, the established strand relates to the small-town growth and development potential with the core theme of local economic development. Raymond Mhlaba informal trading has become an economic alternative for some community members. In order to ensure the optimal efficiency of informal businesses there is a need to understand the needs of informal traders and the contributions made by the informal sector in their lives. There is a tremendous potential within the informal business sector for it to become a major role player in sustaining the livelihoods of many people, but the efficiency of these informal businesses needs to be improved by removing some of the constraints which hinder their effective functioning. These constraints include crime, transport, municipal services and financial support with the assistance from Local Eco-nomic Development (LED) to enhance a competitive, increasing sustainable growth and to ensure that growth within a local area is inclusive. This research therefore assesses the role of the informal economy as a catalyst for development in the Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. In addition, the findings will be useful for local municipalities within the district to fully comprehend the views of municipal legislations and informal traders with regard to policies and practices, as well as their impact on enabling the development of local municipalities through the informal economy. Lastly, the research findings will also enrich the knowledge base on informal trading in local municipalities and may be useful information regarding the development of a more sustainable regulatory approach to informal economy in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Challenges of the primigravida’s in accessing antenatal care early and regularly in Buffalo city Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Seakamela, Khomotso Precious
- Authors: Seakamela, Khomotso Precious
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Maternal health services Prenatal care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16803 , vital:40775
- Description: According to National Department of Health (NDOH National :2015), antenatal care is free in South Africa’s public health system and nearly all pregnant women and girls attend an antenatal clinic at least once during their pregnancy. However, most pregnant women do not access antenatal care until the later stage of pregnancy. Such delays have been linked to nearly a quarter of avoidable maternal deaths in South Africa. According to World Health Organisation (WHO, 2016; 11), maternal mortality and morbidity are some of the most important global health issues facing the world today. Worldwide, approximately 1000 women die each day from pregnancy and childbirth related causes (WHO, 2016; 11). In addition, 99% of these maternal deaths occur in the developing world, with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for over half of these deaths. The international community has committed to improving maternal health by 2015 with Millennium Development Goal (MDG) number five, which aimed to reduce maternal mortality by three quarters and reach universal access to reproductive health care (www.worldbank.org/mdgs/). Even with this commitment, many countries like South Africa have failed to implement effective programs to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity, and women around the world continue to die and suffer from the complications of pregnancy and childbirth. According to NDOH (2015; 2), women who suspect that they might be pregnant should schedule a booking and visit to their clinic and begin antenatal care as soon as possible. These visits include a physical examination, which includes blood pressure checks, weight checks, providing a urine sample, testing for sexually transmitted infections and checking for tuberculosis. Depending on the stage of the pregnancy, healthcare providers may also do blood tests and examination, which includes an ultrasound. The purpose of the study was to to investigate the challenges of Primigravida’s in accessing antenatal care early and regularly in Buffalo City Metropolitan (BCM) and to assist in formulating recommendations for improving factors that are perceived as obstacles to the utilisation of antenatal care services in the BCM District. vii The study was conducted in five facilities at BCM (Dimbaza Community Health Centre, Empilweni Gompo Clinic, Moore Street Clinic, Central Clinic and Notyatyambo Clinic). BCM is one of the seven districts of Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The seat of BCM is East London. The data was collected using cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaires that were conducted in selected health facilities of Buffalo City Metropolitan. In this study, the population consisted of primigravida’s between the ages of 18-35 who start clinic attendance in the second trimester of pregnancy at five facilities, Buffalo City Metropolitan. Findings: The biggest challenges, as expressed by the participants, were lack of money, unsuitable clinic times, work commitments, delays at clinic and family control. Most of the participants had good experiences of antenatal care. The timing of antenatal clinic attendance is not influenced by age, education, residential zone, employment status and proximity of clinic
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Seakamela, Khomotso Precious
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Maternal health services Prenatal care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16803 , vital:40775
- Description: According to National Department of Health (NDOH National :2015), antenatal care is free in South Africa’s public health system and nearly all pregnant women and girls attend an antenatal clinic at least once during their pregnancy. However, most pregnant women do not access antenatal care until the later stage of pregnancy. Such delays have been linked to nearly a quarter of avoidable maternal deaths in South Africa. According to World Health Organisation (WHO, 2016; 11), maternal mortality and morbidity are some of the most important global health issues facing the world today. Worldwide, approximately 1000 women die each day from pregnancy and childbirth related causes (WHO, 2016; 11). In addition, 99% of these maternal deaths occur in the developing world, with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for over half of these deaths. The international community has committed to improving maternal health by 2015 with Millennium Development Goal (MDG) number five, which aimed to reduce maternal mortality by three quarters and reach universal access to reproductive health care (www.worldbank.org/mdgs/). Even with this commitment, many countries like South Africa have failed to implement effective programs to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity, and women around the world continue to die and suffer from the complications of pregnancy and childbirth. According to NDOH (2015; 2), women who suspect that they might be pregnant should schedule a booking and visit to their clinic and begin antenatal care as soon as possible. These visits include a physical examination, which includes blood pressure checks, weight checks, providing a urine sample, testing for sexually transmitted infections and checking for tuberculosis. Depending on the stage of the pregnancy, healthcare providers may also do blood tests and examination, which includes an ultrasound. The purpose of the study was to to investigate the challenges of Primigravida’s in accessing antenatal care early and regularly in Buffalo City Metropolitan (BCM) and to assist in formulating recommendations for improving factors that are perceived as obstacles to the utilisation of antenatal care services in the BCM District. vii The study was conducted in five facilities at BCM (Dimbaza Community Health Centre, Empilweni Gompo Clinic, Moore Street Clinic, Central Clinic and Notyatyambo Clinic). BCM is one of the seven districts of Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The seat of BCM is East London. The data was collected using cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaires that were conducted in selected health facilities of Buffalo City Metropolitan. In this study, the population consisted of primigravida’s between the ages of 18-35 who start clinic attendance in the second trimester of pregnancy at five facilities, Buffalo City Metropolitan. Findings: The biggest challenges, as expressed by the participants, were lack of money, unsuitable clinic times, work commitments, delays at clinic and family control. Most of the participants had good experiences of antenatal care. The timing of antenatal clinic attendance is not influenced by age, education, residential zone, employment status and proximity of clinic
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Distribution of culturable vibrio species in freshwater resources of Cacadu, or Tambo and Chris Hani district municipalities
- Authors: Gaqavu, Sisipho
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Vibrio--South Africa--Eastern Cape Vibrio infections--South Africa--Eastern Cape Foodborne diseases--South Africa--Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Microbiology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11571 , vital:39085
- Description: Freshwater resources are essential to the survival of all living organisms and are used for numerous purposes such as domestic, industrial, agricultural and recreational activities. Nevertheless they are vulnerable to contamination including by pathogenic organisms. Among the pathogens distributed in water resources, diarrhoea causing pathogens such as Vibrio species are the most frequently encountered, hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pathogenic Vibrio species in freshwater resources in Cacadu, OR Tambo and Chris Hani District Municipalities. Water samples were collected from four rivers located in Cacadu, OR Tambo and Chris Hani District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A total of 6 physicochemical parameterswere measured and includes: temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity. Samples were collected between March and May 2016and concentrated using the standard membrane filtration technique and plated on TCBS agar. Yellow and green colonies on TCBS agar were enumerated as presumptive Vibrio species and expressed as CFU/100ml for each river. The identification of the presumptive Vibrio species and their antibiogram characteristics were done using both culture based and molecular techniques. The physicochemical qualities ranged as follows: pH (7.0-7.03), temperature (16 - 23 ºC), turbidity (15.6 – 43 NTU), electrical conductivity (61.1 – 835μS/cm), dissolved oxygen (7.34 – 8.73 mg/L), total dissolved solids (39.3 – 533.33 mg/L). Statistical analysis showed that pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen were significantly different (P < 0.05), whereas the total dissolved solids were not significantly different (P ˃ 0.05) with respect to sampling sites. Vibrio densities ranged between 3.08 ×101-6.96 ×101 with Bloukrans River characterized by high counts compared to other rivers. Two hundred and three (203) positive Vibrio genus isolates were screened for speciation. Of these, the prevalent species found was V. cholerae (29percent) followed by V. vulnificus (4percent), V. fluvialis (4percent) and the least was V. parahaemolyticus (3percent). The remaining unidentified 60percent were alleged to belong to other Vibrio species not covered within the scope of this study. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of confirmed Vibrio genus isolates recovered from the four rivers revealed that 83percent of Vibrio isolates in this study exhibited resistance againstthree or more antimicrobial agents. The presence of the following Vibrio pathogens V. fluvialis, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in water resources suggests that these water resources are significant reservoirs of Vibrio pathogens. Thus, there is a need for regular contamination monitoring programme of the selected water resources and other areas that might be of interest. In general, the results obtained from this study suggest that the river waters are not suitable for drinking, domestic or recreational use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Gaqavu, Sisipho
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Vibrio--South Africa--Eastern Cape Vibrio infections--South Africa--Eastern Cape Foodborne diseases--South Africa--Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Microbiology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11571 , vital:39085
- Description: Freshwater resources are essential to the survival of all living organisms and are used for numerous purposes such as domestic, industrial, agricultural and recreational activities. Nevertheless they are vulnerable to contamination including by pathogenic organisms. Among the pathogens distributed in water resources, diarrhoea causing pathogens such as Vibrio species are the most frequently encountered, hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pathogenic Vibrio species in freshwater resources in Cacadu, OR Tambo and Chris Hani District Municipalities. Water samples were collected from four rivers located in Cacadu, OR Tambo and Chris Hani District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A total of 6 physicochemical parameterswere measured and includes: temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity. Samples were collected between March and May 2016and concentrated using the standard membrane filtration technique and plated on TCBS agar. Yellow and green colonies on TCBS agar were enumerated as presumptive Vibrio species and expressed as CFU/100ml for each river. The identification of the presumptive Vibrio species and their antibiogram characteristics were done using both culture based and molecular techniques. The physicochemical qualities ranged as follows: pH (7.0-7.03), temperature (16 - 23 ºC), turbidity (15.6 – 43 NTU), electrical conductivity (61.1 – 835μS/cm), dissolved oxygen (7.34 – 8.73 mg/L), total dissolved solids (39.3 – 533.33 mg/L). Statistical analysis showed that pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen were significantly different (P < 0.05), whereas the total dissolved solids were not significantly different (P ˃ 0.05) with respect to sampling sites. Vibrio densities ranged between 3.08 ×101-6.96 ×101 with Bloukrans River characterized by high counts compared to other rivers. Two hundred and three (203) positive Vibrio genus isolates were screened for speciation. Of these, the prevalent species found was V. cholerae (29percent) followed by V. vulnificus (4percent), V. fluvialis (4percent) and the least was V. parahaemolyticus (3percent). The remaining unidentified 60percent were alleged to belong to other Vibrio species not covered within the scope of this study. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of confirmed Vibrio genus isolates recovered from the four rivers revealed that 83percent of Vibrio isolates in this study exhibited resistance againstthree or more antimicrobial agents. The presence of the following Vibrio pathogens V. fluvialis, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in water resources suggests that these water resources are significant reservoirs of Vibrio pathogens. Thus, there is a need for regular contamination monitoring programme of the selected water resources and other areas that might be of interest. In general, the results obtained from this study suggest that the river waters are not suitable for drinking, domestic or recreational use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Chief executive officer compensation and the effect on company performance in a South African context
- Authors: Bradley, Samuel
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Chief executive officers -- Salaries, etc. -- South Africa , Compensation management -- South Africa , Wage surveys -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:883 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001637 , Chief executive officers -- Salaries, etc. -- South Africa , Compensation management -- South Africa , Wage surveys -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- Evaluation
- Description: The goal of this research was to determine, in a South African context, whether there is any correlation between chief executive officer compensation and the performance of the company. For the purposes of the research , the compensation of chief executive officers was broken down into three components: salary, bonus and "other" remuneration, while company performance was measured on return on equity, return on assets and earnings per share figures. Studies on this topic have been carried out in other countries, most notably in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. It appears that no research of a similar nature has been carried out in South Africa. Data in respect of the forty largest listed companies in South Africa were collected over a period of five years. The econometric models used for the research were based on models identified in the literature study. The data were then analysed for evidence of a correlation between chief executive officer compensation and the performance of the company. The results of this study indicate that there is no linear relationship between chief executive officer compensation and company performance variables. The econometric models did, however, show correlations between certain variables, taking into account the other predictor variables in the model. Evidence of correlations between age and experience and compensation was also found , which may present potential avenues of research to scholars in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Bradley, Samuel
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Chief executive officers -- Salaries, etc. -- South Africa , Compensation management -- South Africa , Wage surveys -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:883 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001637 , Chief executive officers -- Salaries, etc. -- South Africa , Compensation management -- South Africa , Wage surveys -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- Evaluation
- Description: The goal of this research was to determine, in a South African context, whether there is any correlation between chief executive officer compensation and the performance of the company. For the purposes of the research , the compensation of chief executive officers was broken down into three components: salary, bonus and "other" remuneration, while company performance was measured on return on equity, return on assets and earnings per share figures. Studies on this topic have been carried out in other countries, most notably in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. It appears that no research of a similar nature has been carried out in South Africa. Data in respect of the forty largest listed companies in South Africa were collected over a period of five years. The econometric models used for the research were based on models identified in the literature study. The data were then analysed for evidence of a correlation between chief executive officer compensation and the performance of the company. The results of this study indicate that there is no linear relationship between chief executive officer compensation and company performance variables. The econometric models did, however, show correlations between certain variables, taking into account the other predictor variables in the model. Evidence of correlations between age and experience and compensation was also found , which may present potential avenues of research to scholars in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
A methodology for measuring and monitoring IT risk
- Authors: Tansley, Natalie Vanessa
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Electronic data processing departments -- Security measures , Business -- Data processing -- Security measures , Information resources management , Information technology -- Security measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9781 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/772 , Electronic data processing departments -- Security measures , Business -- Data processing -- Security measures , Information resources management , Information technology -- Security measures
- Description: The primary objective of the research is to develop a methodology for monitoring and measuring IT risks, strictly focusing on internal controls. The research delivers a methodology whereby an organization can measure its system of internal controls, providing assurance that the risks are at an acceptable level. To achieve the primary objective a number of secondary objectives were addressed: What are the drivers forcing organizations to better corporate governance in managing risk? What is IT risk management, specifically focusing on operational risk. What is internal control and specifically focusing on COSO’s internal control process. Investigation of measurement methods, such as, Balance Scorecards, Critical Success Factors, Maturity Models, Key Performance Indicators and Key Goal Indicators. Investigation of various frameworks such as CobiT, COSO and ISO 17799, ITIL and BS 7799 as to how they manage IT risk relating to internal control.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Tansley, Natalie Vanessa
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Electronic data processing departments -- Security measures , Business -- Data processing -- Security measures , Information resources management , Information technology -- Security measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9781 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/772 , Electronic data processing departments -- Security measures , Business -- Data processing -- Security measures , Information resources management , Information technology -- Security measures
- Description: The primary objective of the research is to develop a methodology for monitoring and measuring IT risks, strictly focusing on internal controls. The research delivers a methodology whereby an organization can measure its system of internal controls, providing assurance that the risks are at an acceptable level. To achieve the primary objective a number of secondary objectives were addressed: What are the drivers forcing organizations to better corporate governance in managing risk? What is IT risk management, specifically focusing on operational risk. What is internal control and specifically focusing on COSO’s internal control process. Investigation of measurement methods, such as, Balance Scorecards, Critical Success Factors, Maturity Models, Key Performance Indicators and Key Goal Indicators. Investigation of various frameworks such as CobiT, COSO and ISO 17799, ITIL and BS 7799 as to how they manage IT risk relating to internal control.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Separation and characterisation of chromium (III) carboxylate solutions
- Bryson, Michael Andrew Walker
- Authors: Bryson, Michael Andrew Walker
- Date: 1981
- Subjects: Chromium
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4416 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006847
- Description: From Summary: The complexes present in chromium(III) carboxylate solutions (acetate or formate) were separated using ion exchange chromatography, electrophoresis and gel filtration. Eight cationic species and one non-ionic species with charges from 0 to +3 and nuclearities ranging from mononuclear to quadranuclear were isolated from chromium(III) acetate solutions. Six cationic species with charges from +1 to +3 and nuclearities ranging from mononuclear to trinuclear were isolated from chromium(III) formate solutions. The empirical formulae for these complexes were determined by analytical methods. Infra- red spectroscopy was used to distinguish between monodentate and bidentate bridged carboxylate ligands. An immediate change in the visible spectrum of a complex on its acidification was used as evidence that a terminal hydroxo group was present.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1981
- Authors: Bryson, Michael Andrew Walker
- Date: 1981
- Subjects: Chromium
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4416 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006847
- Description: From Summary: The complexes present in chromium(III) carboxylate solutions (acetate or formate) were separated using ion exchange chromatography, electrophoresis and gel filtration. Eight cationic species and one non-ionic species with charges from 0 to +3 and nuclearities ranging from mononuclear to quadranuclear were isolated from chromium(III) acetate solutions. Six cationic species with charges from +1 to +3 and nuclearities ranging from mononuclear to trinuclear were isolated from chromium(III) formate solutions. The empirical formulae for these complexes were determined by analytical methods. Infra- red spectroscopy was used to distinguish between monodentate and bidentate bridged carboxylate ligands. An immediate change in the visible spectrum of a complex on its acidification was used as evidence that a terminal hydroxo group was present.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1981
Personality and self-esteem as predictors of employability among final year students at a previously disadvantaged South African University
- Authors: Muzerengwa, Cedric
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Unemployment -- Psychological aspects Personality and occupation Self-esteem in young adults
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4594 , vital:28464
- Description: Orientation: The high unemployment level in South Africa has caused even graduates to be unemployed and yet they hold university degrees. This has increased pressure on the job seeking students to develop factors that influence employability, hence the study seeks to identify whether personality and self-esteem act as predictors of employability among final year university students. Research purpose: The objectives of this investigation were to examine whether personality, as is typically found in personality type research tool such as the, (Myers Briggs personality indicator) and self-esteem positively predict employability among final year university students. Secondly, to determine the personality types that significantly predict employability among final year university students. The last objective was to determine whether self-esteem significantly predicts employability among final year university students. Motivation for the study: This investigation is particularly important because it looks at the non-academic attributes that make job-seeking students able to attain a job and also sustain that job. The 21st century workplace is ever changing, and students are required to build proactive personalities that help them increase their employability level and stand a higher chance of getting employed. Research design, approach and method: A quantitative survey research design was used and a questionnaire was self-administered to a stratified simple random sample consisting of 238 Management and Commerce final year students at the university of Fort Hare. The study used quantitative approach and a positivism paradigm. To measure personality, TIPI scale was used and had 10 items. Employability was measured using the student self-perceived employability scale and self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Main findings: The results of this study showed a similarity with others obtained in prior studies. The results drawn from the statistical analysis of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between personality types such as perceiving, extraversion and feeling with employability among final year management and commerce students at the university of Fort Hare. However, the results showed that there is no positive relationship that exists between self-esteem and employability among final year job-seeking students. Practical implications: The research findings provided evidence that personality had a positive relationship with employability in an academic context. This makes it clear that student career exploration process can only be successful when special attention is given to developing individual’s human capital skills and proactive personalities. Institutions of higher learning should take advantage of some career experts in their countries and in their universities to provide students with employability lessons and guidelines. Contribution: The most important contribution of this study is that it helps to extend knowledge and understanding on the issues concerning the relationship between personality, self-esteem and employability in an academic setting. The research magnified the frame of information in the area personality in relation to employability in academic contexts. It makes available more literature that looks into these two variables (personality and self-esteem) in an African context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Muzerengwa, Cedric
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Unemployment -- Psychological aspects Personality and occupation Self-esteem in young adults
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4594 , vital:28464
- Description: Orientation: The high unemployment level in South Africa has caused even graduates to be unemployed and yet they hold university degrees. This has increased pressure on the job seeking students to develop factors that influence employability, hence the study seeks to identify whether personality and self-esteem act as predictors of employability among final year university students. Research purpose: The objectives of this investigation were to examine whether personality, as is typically found in personality type research tool such as the, (Myers Briggs personality indicator) and self-esteem positively predict employability among final year university students. Secondly, to determine the personality types that significantly predict employability among final year university students. The last objective was to determine whether self-esteem significantly predicts employability among final year university students. Motivation for the study: This investigation is particularly important because it looks at the non-academic attributes that make job-seeking students able to attain a job and also sustain that job. The 21st century workplace is ever changing, and students are required to build proactive personalities that help them increase their employability level and stand a higher chance of getting employed. Research design, approach and method: A quantitative survey research design was used and a questionnaire was self-administered to a stratified simple random sample consisting of 238 Management and Commerce final year students at the university of Fort Hare. The study used quantitative approach and a positivism paradigm. To measure personality, TIPI scale was used and had 10 items. Employability was measured using the student self-perceived employability scale and self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Main findings: The results of this study showed a similarity with others obtained in prior studies. The results drawn from the statistical analysis of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between personality types such as perceiving, extraversion and feeling with employability among final year management and commerce students at the university of Fort Hare. However, the results showed that there is no positive relationship that exists between self-esteem and employability among final year job-seeking students. Practical implications: The research findings provided evidence that personality had a positive relationship with employability in an academic context. This makes it clear that student career exploration process can only be successful when special attention is given to developing individual’s human capital skills and proactive personalities. Institutions of higher learning should take advantage of some career experts in their countries and in their universities to provide students with employability lessons and guidelines. Contribution: The most important contribution of this study is that it helps to extend knowledge and understanding on the issues concerning the relationship between personality, self-esteem and employability in an academic setting. The research magnified the frame of information in the area personality in relation to employability in academic contexts. It makes available more literature that looks into these two variables (personality and self-esteem) in an African context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Woody encroachment and plant-root soil interactions in a semi-arid savanna
- Authors: Gusha, Bukho
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Pastures -- Management Weeds Invasive plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12053 , vital:39131
- Description: Savannas occupy 1/8 of the global land surface, support a large proportion of the world’s human population and the majority of its rangeland and livestock. Woody encroachment has been reported as the major challenge in these landscapes. This study describes the differences between three contrasting tree density classes in a semi- arid savanna with the view to developing an improved understanding of woody encroachment which is prevalent in this region. The study attempted to determine if there was a relationship between lateral root distributions at varying soil depths with increasing levels of woody encroachment, and to compare species composition and soil water profiles in these rangelands. Three homogeneous vegetation units, namely: sparsely encroached (HVU1), grassland (HVU2) and Albany thicket (HVU3) were identified for the study sites. A Trench method was used determine root biomass and a step point method was used to determine herbaceousspecies composition in all the HVUs. The results showed that more Decreaser species (especially Themeda triandra) were recorded in a sparsely encroached site (HVU1) and grassland site (HVU2), while Cynodon dactylon was mostly recorded in the thicket site (HVU3). Acacia karroo was mostly recorded in HVU1 while in HVU2 other woody species such as Coddia rudis and Grewia occidentalis were also recoded. HVU3 had the poorest basal cover (point to tuft distance) (22.60 cm) while HVU1 (9.93 cm) and HVU2 (7.73 cm) had moderate basal cover. The herbaceous standing biomass was significantly different across the HVUs. HVU3 was higher (1206.15 kg ha-1) than HVU1 (942.43 kg ha-1) and HVU2 (677.10 kg ha-1). The soil moisture content was significantly different between the HVUs, but was not significantly different between the depths (p< 0.05). High soil moisture content was recorded in HVU3 compared to other HVUs. The results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that soil depth and the type of homogenous vegetation unit (HVU) had significant effects (p<0.01) on root biomass. The pair wise t-test showed that there were no significant difference in root biomass between sparsely encroached (HVU1) and grassland (HVU2) sites (p>0.05), but there were significant differences in root biomass between grassland (HVU2) and thicket (HVU3) site (p<0.05). The mean for total root biomass found in the study was 2.66 kg m-2. In all the trenches most of the root biomass was found in depth 1 (0-30 cm) which was 2.43 kg m-2followed by 1.32 kg m-2 in depth 2 (30-60 cm) and 0.49 kg m-2 in depth 3 (60-90 cm). According to the results on species composition, herbaceous biomass, basal cover, soil moisture content and the root biomass, Kwezana communal rangeland has a potential of running a sustainable livestock production enterprise if proper management practices can be implemented. To improve the rangelands of Kwezana communal rangelands management such as proper resting, burning, proper stocking rates and physically clearing of bushes should be considered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Gusha, Bukho
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Pastures -- Management Weeds Invasive plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12053 , vital:39131
- Description: Savannas occupy 1/8 of the global land surface, support a large proportion of the world’s human population and the majority of its rangeland and livestock. Woody encroachment has been reported as the major challenge in these landscapes. This study describes the differences between three contrasting tree density classes in a semi- arid savanna with the view to developing an improved understanding of woody encroachment which is prevalent in this region. The study attempted to determine if there was a relationship between lateral root distributions at varying soil depths with increasing levels of woody encroachment, and to compare species composition and soil water profiles in these rangelands. Three homogeneous vegetation units, namely: sparsely encroached (HVU1), grassland (HVU2) and Albany thicket (HVU3) were identified for the study sites. A Trench method was used determine root biomass and a step point method was used to determine herbaceousspecies composition in all the HVUs. The results showed that more Decreaser species (especially Themeda triandra) were recorded in a sparsely encroached site (HVU1) and grassland site (HVU2), while Cynodon dactylon was mostly recorded in the thicket site (HVU3). Acacia karroo was mostly recorded in HVU1 while in HVU2 other woody species such as Coddia rudis and Grewia occidentalis were also recoded. HVU3 had the poorest basal cover (point to tuft distance) (22.60 cm) while HVU1 (9.93 cm) and HVU2 (7.73 cm) had moderate basal cover. The herbaceous standing biomass was significantly different across the HVUs. HVU3 was higher (1206.15 kg ha-1) than HVU1 (942.43 kg ha-1) and HVU2 (677.10 kg ha-1). The soil moisture content was significantly different between the HVUs, but was not significantly different between the depths (p< 0.05). High soil moisture content was recorded in HVU3 compared to other HVUs. The results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that soil depth and the type of homogenous vegetation unit (HVU) had significant effects (p<0.01) on root biomass. The pair wise t-test showed that there were no significant difference in root biomass between sparsely encroached (HVU1) and grassland (HVU2) sites (p>0.05), but there were significant differences in root biomass between grassland (HVU2) and thicket (HVU3) site (p<0.05). The mean for total root biomass found in the study was 2.66 kg m-2. In all the trenches most of the root biomass was found in depth 1 (0-30 cm) which was 2.43 kg m-2followed by 1.32 kg m-2 in depth 2 (30-60 cm) and 0.49 kg m-2 in depth 3 (60-90 cm). According to the results on species composition, herbaceous biomass, basal cover, soil moisture content and the root biomass, Kwezana communal rangeland has a potential of running a sustainable livestock production enterprise if proper management practices can be implemented. To improve the rangelands of Kwezana communal rangelands management such as proper resting, burning, proper stocking rates and physically clearing of bushes should be considered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
An investigation into the representation of women in South African Cosmopolitan Magazine advertisements of 2004
- Authors: Ranchod, Amisha
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Women in mass media , Women in advertising -- Africa, Southern , Sex in advertising -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8405 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/784 , Women in mass media , Women in advertising -- Africa, Southern , Sex in advertising -- Africa, Southern
- Description: This study investigates the representations of women in advertisements featured in South African Cosmopolitan magazine published in 2004 so as to critically analyse the stereotypes of women it presents, the institutional mechanisms behind this and its implications for gender ‘constructions’. By using a random cluster sample, 60 advertisements found in Cosmopolitan were analysed to examine the stereotypical portrayals of women within its imagery. In addition, survey questionnaires were distributed amongst female students to determine whether exposure to advertisements featured in Cosmopolitan magazines moulds their thoughts with regard to South African women today, as well as to analyse their attitudinal change before and after exposure to a number of advertisements. It was found that even though the majority of respondents claimed to be aware of the stereotypical representations of women found in the advertisements, and did not believe that these portrayals were a true reflection of South African women, various aspects of their lives continue to be affected by these representations in a number of ways. The findings of this study indicate that the trend found in previous studies – that stereotypical images of women prevail in the media – is evident in South Africa too. It was established that the ideologies of both patriarchy and capitalism work together in supporting the pervasiveness of negative, disempowering portrayals of women in Cosmopolitan advertisements. Stereotypical imagery of women serve as the site at which the ideologies of capitalism and patriarchy fuse, drawing on a common, shared notion of the objectified female to further their goals of maximisation of profits and male dominance respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Ranchod, Amisha
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Women in mass media , Women in advertising -- Africa, Southern , Sex in advertising -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8405 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/784 , Women in mass media , Women in advertising -- Africa, Southern , Sex in advertising -- Africa, Southern
- Description: This study investigates the representations of women in advertisements featured in South African Cosmopolitan magazine published in 2004 so as to critically analyse the stereotypes of women it presents, the institutional mechanisms behind this and its implications for gender ‘constructions’. By using a random cluster sample, 60 advertisements found in Cosmopolitan were analysed to examine the stereotypical portrayals of women within its imagery. In addition, survey questionnaires were distributed amongst female students to determine whether exposure to advertisements featured in Cosmopolitan magazines moulds their thoughts with regard to South African women today, as well as to analyse their attitudinal change before and after exposure to a number of advertisements. It was found that even though the majority of respondents claimed to be aware of the stereotypical representations of women found in the advertisements, and did not believe that these portrayals were a true reflection of South African women, various aspects of their lives continue to be affected by these representations in a number of ways. The findings of this study indicate that the trend found in previous studies – that stereotypical images of women prevail in the media – is evident in South Africa too. It was established that the ideologies of both patriarchy and capitalism work together in supporting the pervasiveness of negative, disempowering portrayals of women in Cosmopolitan advertisements. Stereotypical imagery of women serve as the site at which the ideologies of capitalism and patriarchy fuse, drawing on a common, shared notion of the objectified female to further their goals of maximisation of profits and male dominance respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Exploratory study of the enablers and challenges of a social entrepreneur : case of Dr Govender in the Gelvandale community, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- Mfeketho, Chuma Nqabase Masechaba
- Authors: Mfeketho, Chuma Nqabase Masechaba
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Famhealth Medipark (Port Elizabeth, South Africa) , Businesspeople -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Social entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Nonprofit organizations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Social responsibility of business -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Community development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Social capital (Sociology) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Success in business -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:851 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017519
- Description: Social entrepreneurs seek to create social value in various ways in the community. Notably, they encounter not only enabling factors but also face and attempt to deal with a variety of challenges in their endeavor to start and run social ventures. This academic paper adopts a single case study approach with the aims to explore challenges and attempts to deal with them, as well as enablers, in how Dr Govender sought to create social value within the community of Gelvandale in Port Elizabeth in South Africa. Famhealth Medipark was chosen because it is unique and has been considered as an example of successful social entrepreneurship in Port Elizabeth. In the light of this, there has not been any previous study particularly focusing on its challenges and enablers in adding social value in the community through a multi-disciplinary venture. This research is valuable as it builds our understanding of how social entrepreneurs create social value. This qualitative study uses a single case study to focus on incidents of challenges and enabling factors as experienced, recollected and expressed by Dr Govender as a social entrepreneur. A variety of data, such as interview data collected through sampling incidents in nine in-depth initial and follow-up interviews, documents, audio documentaries and emails, were used. Open coding and constant comparison was used to analyze data and induce themes. Findings depict that Dr Govender as a social entrepreneur was propelled by four enablers: (1) strong enthusiasm to create positive change in others within a community, (2) network to resources, (3) a nurturing world view, and (4) consistent self-sacrifice. Dr Govender also revealed that he faced four types of challenges in setting up and operating Famhealth Medipark (FHM) as a vehicle with the sole purpose of creating and adding social value to the community of Gelvandale. Predominantly, (1) limitation of finance, (2) overwhelming effect of multiple roles, (3) negative effects of the non-accredited status of the care-giver training programme, and (4) the predominance of a destructive mindset entrenched within the Gelvandale community were key challenges he faced and attempted to deal with in setting up and operating a social venture to ultimately create social value. Although other types of data have been used, the predominant reliance on primary data collected through in-depth interviews is one of the major limitations of this qualitative study. However, this qualitative and exploratory study provides insights into our understanding of not only challenges encountered by social entrepreneurs but also the various drivers that sustain their social mission. Recommendations were then made, based on the findings from the research conducted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Mfeketho, Chuma Nqabase Masechaba
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Famhealth Medipark (Port Elizabeth, South Africa) , Businesspeople -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Social entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Nonprofit organizations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Social responsibility of business -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Community development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Social capital (Sociology) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Success in business -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:851 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017519
- Description: Social entrepreneurs seek to create social value in various ways in the community. Notably, they encounter not only enabling factors but also face and attempt to deal with a variety of challenges in their endeavor to start and run social ventures. This academic paper adopts a single case study approach with the aims to explore challenges and attempts to deal with them, as well as enablers, in how Dr Govender sought to create social value within the community of Gelvandale in Port Elizabeth in South Africa. Famhealth Medipark was chosen because it is unique and has been considered as an example of successful social entrepreneurship in Port Elizabeth. In the light of this, there has not been any previous study particularly focusing on its challenges and enablers in adding social value in the community through a multi-disciplinary venture. This research is valuable as it builds our understanding of how social entrepreneurs create social value. This qualitative study uses a single case study to focus on incidents of challenges and enabling factors as experienced, recollected and expressed by Dr Govender as a social entrepreneur. A variety of data, such as interview data collected through sampling incidents in nine in-depth initial and follow-up interviews, documents, audio documentaries and emails, were used. Open coding and constant comparison was used to analyze data and induce themes. Findings depict that Dr Govender as a social entrepreneur was propelled by four enablers: (1) strong enthusiasm to create positive change in others within a community, (2) network to resources, (3) a nurturing world view, and (4) consistent self-sacrifice. Dr Govender also revealed that he faced four types of challenges in setting up and operating Famhealth Medipark (FHM) as a vehicle with the sole purpose of creating and adding social value to the community of Gelvandale. Predominantly, (1) limitation of finance, (2) overwhelming effect of multiple roles, (3) negative effects of the non-accredited status of the care-giver training programme, and (4) the predominance of a destructive mindset entrenched within the Gelvandale community were key challenges he faced and attempted to deal with in setting up and operating a social venture to ultimately create social value. Although other types of data have been used, the predominant reliance on primary data collected through in-depth interviews is one of the major limitations of this qualitative study. However, this qualitative and exploratory study provides insights into our understanding of not only challenges encountered by social entrepreneurs but also the various drivers that sustain their social mission. Recommendations were then made, based on the findings from the research conducted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The fairness of sanctions for misconduct dismissals
- Matoti, Kenneth Augustus Linda
- Authors: Matoti, Kenneth Augustus Linda
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Employees -- Dismissal of -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Economic sanctions -- South Africa , Unfair labor practices -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45503 , vital:38622
- Description: The determination of the fairness of the sanction of dismissal depends on a number of factors and is also influenced by various court decisions. One of the factors which play a key role in the determination of the fairness of the sanction is substantive fairness. Substantive fairness can be described as the valid and fair reason for the sanction of dismissal. The employer can only dismiss an employee if the employer has valid and fair reason to do so. Valid refers to lawful reason and fairness involves the consideration of all factors. After this exercise the sanction of dismissal becomes the only appropriate sanction, no alternative sanction can be considered. In evaluating the substantive fairness of the sanction of dismissal, Item 7 of the Code requires the employer to consider whether a rule was in place, the employee was aware of the rule, the rule has been consistently applied and whether the employee contravened a rule or not. If this has not happened the sanction imposed by the employer will be substantively unfair.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Matoti, Kenneth Augustus Linda
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Employees -- Dismissal of -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Economic sanctions -- South Africa , Unfair labor practices -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45503 , vital:38622
- Description: The determination of the fairness of the sanction of dismissal depends on a number of factors and is also influenced by various court decisions. One of the factors which play a key role in the determination of the fairness of the sanction is substantive fairness. Substantive fairness can be described as the valid and fair reason for the sanction of dismissal. The employer can only dismiss an employee if the employer has valid and fair reason to do so. Valid refers to lawful reason and fairness involves the consideration of all factors. After this exercise the sanction of dismissal becomes the only appropriate sanction, no alternative sanction can be considered. In evaluating the substantive fairness of the sanction of dismissal, Item 7 of the Code requires the employer to consider whether a rule was in place, the employee was aware of the rule, the rule has been consistently applied and whether the employee contravened a rule or not. If this has not happened the sanction imposed by the employer will be substantively unfair.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The impact of social grants on poverty reduction
- Authors: Magawana, Xolisa Tania
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Poverty -- Economic aspects , Economic development , Social problems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9170 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020106
- Description: The South African government implements numerous strategies with the aim of reducing poverty. The social grant system is one of these. Social grants are aimed at reducing poverty as well as income inequality. Considering the growing number of social grant beneficiaries, people often question whether these grants reduce poverty and, if they do, whether they are effective.This treatise investigates the impact of social grants in poverty reduction. In order to investigate this, the researcher used the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, as a study area. This study examines the different views of social grants beneficiaries, and the importance of prioritisation when using this unearned money. It alsoinvestigates the role played by the heads of household and shows how beneficiaries’ locations can influence the use of unearned income. Social grants dispense little money, but the researcher discovered that the responsibility of spending and allocating the money lies with the head of household. The descriptive statists show that social grants have created dependency and that families require exit strategies to stop depending entirely on these grants. Findings from the correlation matrix show both positive and negative correlations. Finally, the study has identified the need for an integrated strategy that will not only provide income, but that will also improve the lives of South Africans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Magawana, Xolisa Tania
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Poverty -- Economic aspects , Economic development , Social problems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9170 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020106
- Description: The South African government implements numerous strategies with the aim of reducing poverty. The social grant system is one of these. Social grants are aimed at reducing poverty as well as income inequality. Considering the growing number of social grant beneficiaries, people often question whether these grants reduce poverty and, if they do, whether they are effective.This treatise investigates the impact of social grants in poverty reduction. In order to investigate this, the researcher used the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, as a study area. This study examines the different views of social grants beneficiaries, and the importance of prioritisation when using this unearned money. It alsoinvestigates the role played by the heads of household and shows how beneficiaries’ locations can influence the use of unearned income. Social grants dispense little money, but the researcher discovered that the responsibility of spending and allocating the money lies with the head of household. The descriptive statists show that social grants have created dependency and that families require exit strategies to stop depending entirely on these grants. Findings from the correlation matrix show both positive and negative correlations. Finally, the study has identified the need for an integrated strategy that will not only provide income, but that will also improve the lives of South Africans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013