A stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of orlistat in capsules
- Mohammadi, Ali, Haririan, I, Rezanour, Nasrin, Ghiasi, L, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Haririan, I , Rezanour, Nasrin , Ghiasi, L , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184267 , vital:44195 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.038"
- Description: A stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of orlistat in capsule dosage forms. An isocratic separation was achieved using a Perfectsil® target ODS-3, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size column with a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min and using a UV detector to monitor the eluate at 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of methanol:acetonitrile:trifluoroacetic acid (82.5:17.5:0.01, v/v/v). The drug was subjected oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and heat to apply stress conditions. Complete separation was achieved for the parent compound and all degradation products in an overall analytical run time of approximately 15 min with the parent compound orlistat eluting at approximately 9 min. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.02–0.75 mg/ml (r = 0.9998) with a limit of detection and quantitation 0.006 and 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. The method has the requisite accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity and precision to assay orlistat in capsules. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection of orlistat and the assay is thus stability-indicating.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Haririan, I , Rezanour, Nasrin , Ghiasi, L , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184267 , vital:44195 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.038"
- Description: A stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of orlistat in capsule dosage forms. An isocratic separation was achieved using a Perfectsil® target ODS-3, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size column with a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min and using a UV detector to monitor the eluate at 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of methanol:acetonitrile:trifluoroacetic acid (82.5:17.5:0.01, v/v/v). The drug was subjected oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and heat to apply stress conditions. Complete separation was achieved for the parent compound and all degradation products in an overall analytical run time of approximately 15 min with the parent compound orlistat eluting at approximately 9 min. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.02–0.75 mg/ml (r = 0.9998) with a limit of detection and quantitation 0.006 and 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. The method has the requisite accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity and precision to assay orlistat in capsules. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection of orlistat and the assay is thus stability-indicating.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Actor/actant-network theory as emerging methodology for environmental education research in southern Africa
- Authors: Nhamo, Godwell
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373553 , vital:66701 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122722"
- Description: This paper deliberates on actor/actant-network theory (AANT) as methodology for policy research in environmental education (EE). Insights are drawn from work that applied AANT to research environmental policy processes surrounding the formulation and implementation of South Africa’s Plastic Bags Regulations of 2003. The paper reveals that the application of AANT methodology made it possible to trace relationships, actors, actants and actor/actant-networks surrounding the Plastic Bags Regulations as quasi-object (token). The methodology also enabled a focus on understanding and investigating tensions, debates and responses emerging from the policy process. The findings were that after the promulgation of the first draft of the Plastic Bags Regulations in May 2000, tensions emerged around the nature of regulation (whether to use the command and control approach – preferred by Organised Government – or self regulation – preferred by Organised Business and Organised Labour). From these findings, a series of conceptual frameworks were drawn up as identified around key actors and actor/actant-networks. The conceptual frameworks included among them, Organised Government, Organised Business and Organised Labour.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Nhamo, Godwell
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373553 , vital:66701 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122722"
- Description: This paper deliberates on actor/actant-network theory (AANT) as methodology for policy research in environmental education (EE). Insights are drawn from work that applied AANT to research environmental policy processes surrounding the formulation and implementation of South Africa’s Plastic Bags Regulations of 2003. The paper reveals that the application of AANT methodology made it possible to trace relationships, actors, actants and actor/actant-networks surrounding the Plastic Bags Regulations as quasi-object (token). The methodology also enabled a focus on understanding and investigating tensions, debates and responses emerging from the policy process. The findings were that after the promulgation of the first draft of the Plastic Bags Regulations in May 2000, tensions emerged around the nature of regulation (whether to use the command and control approach – preferred by Organised Government – or self regulation – preferred by Organised Business and Organised Labour). From these findings, a series of conceptual frameworks were drawn up as identified around key actors and actor/actant-networks. The conceptual frameworks included among them, Organised Government, Organised Business and Organised Labour.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2006
Actor/actant-network theory as emerging methodology for environmental education research in southern Africa
- Authors: Nhamo, Godwell
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373537 , vital:66702 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122722"
- Description: This paper deliberates on actor/actant-network theory (AANT) as methodology for policy research in environmental education (EE). Insights are drawn from work that applied AANT to research environmental policy processes surrounding the formulation and implementation of South Africa’s Plastic Bags Regulations of 2003. The paper reveals that the application of AANT methodology made it possible to trace relationships, actors, actants and actor/actant-networks surrounding the Plastic Bags Regulations as quasi-object (token). The methodology also enabled a focus on understanding and investigating tensions, debates and responses emerging from the policy process. The findings were that after the promulgation of the first draft of the Plastic Bags Regulations in May 2000, tensions emerged around the nature of regulation (whether to use the command and control approach – preferred by Organised Government – or self regulation – preferred by Organised Business and Organised Labour). From these findings, a series of conceptual frameworks were drawn up as identified around key actors and actor/actant-networks. The conceptual frameworks included among them, Organised Government, Organised Business and Organised Labour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Nhamo, Godwell
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373537 , vital:66702 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122722"
- Description: This paper deliberates on actor/actant-network theory (AANT) as methodology for policy research in environmental education (EE). Insights are drawn from work that applied AANT to research environmental policy processes surrounding the formulation and implementation of South Africa’s Plastic Bags Regulations of 2003. The paper reveals that the application of AANT methodology made it possible to trace relationships, actors, actants and actor/actant-networks surrounding the Plastic Bags Regulations as quasi-object (token). The methodology also enabled a focus on understanding and investigating tensions, debates and responses emerging from the policy process. The findings were that after the promulgation of the first draft of the Plastic Bags Regulations in May 2000, tensions emerged around the nature of regulation (whether to use the command and control approach – preferred by Organised Government – or self regulation – preferred by Organised Business and Organised Labour). From these findings, a series of conceptual frameworks were drawn up as identified around key actors and actor/actant-networks. The conceptual frameworks included among them, Organised Government, Organised Business and Organised Labour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
An Exploration of How Natural Resource Management (NRM) Discourse is Integrated into Key Pedagogic Texts
- Authors: Nsubuga, Yvonne
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373552 , vital:66703 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122753"
- Description: Natural resource management (NRM) education has the potential to improve the quality and relevance of rural education in South Africa. For this potential to be realised, the various educational resources that are commonly used by teachers and learners in rural schools need to incorporate natural resource management knowledge. Using Bernstein’s concepts of classification and his theories on recontextualisation, a content analysis study was carried out to compare the level of NRM integration within the Grade 10 Life Sciences syllabus, and a Grade 10 Life Sciences textbook. Results from the analysis of the syllabus showed that overall only 9% of all the knowledge statements analysed had a strong link to NRM and related issues. The highest percentage of such sentences was found in the Core Knowledge section of the syllabus (21%). For the textbook, only 8% of the analysed items had a strong link to NRM and related issues, with the highest percentage of such items occurring in the Suggested Activities section (16%). However, the level of NRM integration in both documents increased considerably when sentences that had only an implicit link to NRM and related issues were included. It was concluded that both documents provide ample opportunities for NRM learning, although the extent to which this occurs varies among their different sections. The recontextualising role of the Grade 10 Life Sciences textbook was reflected in its relatively higher level of NRM integration in the Suggested Activities category, and in the Glossary category. This study highlights the need for further strengthening of the position of NRM within the Grade 10 Life Sciences syllabus, and for more Bernstein-based research to inform South Africa’s curriculum reform initiatives in environmental education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Nsubuga, Yvonne
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373552 , vital:66703 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122753"
- Description: Natural resource management (NRM) education has the potential to improve the quality and relevance of rural education in South Africa. For this potential to be realised, the various educational resources that are commonly used by teachers and learners in rural schools need to incorporate natural resource management knowledge. Using Bernstein’s concepts of classification and his theories on recontextualisation, a content analysis study was carried out to compare the level of NRM integration within the Grade 10 Life Sciences syllabus, and a Grade 10 Life Sciences textbook. Results from the analysis of the syllabus showed that overall only 9% of all the knowledge statements analysed had a strong link to NRM and related issues. The highest percentage of such sentences was found in the Core Knowledge section of the syllabus (21%). For the textbook, only 8% of the analysed items had a strong link to NRM and related issues, with the highest percentage of such items occurring in the Suggested Activities section (16%). However, the level of NRM integration in both documents increased considerably when sentences that had only an implicit link to NRM and related issues were included. It was concluded that both documents provide ample opportunities for NRM learning, although the extent to which this occurs varies among their different sections. The recontextualising role of the Grade 10 Life Sciences textbook was reflected in its relatively higher level of NRM integration in the Suggested Activities category, and in the Glossary category. This study highlights the need for further strengthening of the position of NRM within the Grade 10 Life Sciences syllabus, and for more Bernstein-based research to inform South Africa’s curriculum reform initiatives in environmental education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Benthic mapping using local aerial photo interpretation and resident taxa inventories for designing marine protected areas
- Shankar, Aswani, Lauer, Matthew
- Authors: Shankar, Aswani , Lauer, Matthew
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439059 , vital:73541 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892906003183"
- Description: Given the frequent socioeconomic, political and concomitant ecological failures of science-driven marine protected area (MPA) programmes, it is now important to design MPAs by integrating natural and social science research more comprehensively. This study shows how indigenous peoples assisted in the design of MPAs by identifying marine substrates and related resident taxa on aerial photos, information which was then incorporated into a geographical information system (GIS) database, along with dive survey data. Two questions were asked: (1) Is indigenous ecological knowledge accurate enough for mapping the benthos and associated taxa? (2) Is such an approach an appropriate way for assisting in the biological and social design of MPAs in Oceania? Conventional quadrat field dive surveys were used to measure the accuracy of substrate identification by local informants and a visual survey was used to test hypotheses formulated from local knowledge regarding the spatial distribution and relative abundance of non-cryptic species within certain benthic habitats. Equivalence rates between indigenous aerial photo interpretations of dominant benthic substrates and in situ dive surveys were 75–85% for a moderately detailed classification scheme of the benthos, which included nine locally-defined abiotic and biotic benthic classes for the MPA seabed. Similarly, the taxa inventory showed a strong correspondence between the qualitative predictions of local fisherfolk and the quantitative analysis of non-cryptic species distribution, including their relative abundance and geophysical locations. Indigenous people's predictions about the presence or absence of fish in different benthic habitats corresponded 77% and 92% of the time (depending on scoring schema) with in situ visual measurements. These results demonstrate how incorporating local knowledge of benthic heterogeneity, existing biological communities, and particular spatio-temporal events of biological significance into a GIS database can corroborate the production of scientifically reliable base resource maps for designing MPAs in an environmentally and culturally sound fashion. This participatory approach was used to design and then establish MPAs in the Roviana and Vonavona region of the Western Solomon Islands. Under appropriate conditions, interdisciplinary work can complement the design of scientific fishery management and biodiversity conservation prescriptions for coastal Oceania.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Shankar, Aswani , Lauer, Matthew
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439059 , vital:73541 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892906003183"
- Description: Given the frequent socioeconomic, political and concomitant ecological failures of science-driven marine protected area (MPA) programmes, it is now important to design MPAs by integrating natural and social science research more comprehensively. This study shows how indigenous peoples assisted in the design of MPAs by identifying marine substrates and related resident taxa on aerial photos, information which was then incorporated into a geographical information system (GIS) database, along with dive survey data. Two questions were asked: (1) Is indigenous ecological knowledge accurate enough for mapping the benthos and associated taxa? (2) Is such an approach an appropriate way for assisting in the biological and social design of MPAs in Oceania? Conventional quadrat field dive surveys were used to measure the accuracy of substrate identification by local informants and a visual survey was used to test hypotheses formulated from local knowledge regarding the spatial distribution and relative abundance of non-cryptic species within certain benthic habitats. Equivalence rates between indigenous aerial photo interpretations of dominant benthic substrates and in situ dive surveys were 75–85% for a moderately detailed classification scheme of the benthos, which included nine locally-defined abiotic and biotic benthic classes for the MPA seabed. Similarly, the taxa inventory showed a strong correspondence between the qualitative predictions of local fisherfolk and the quantitative analysis of non-cryptic species distribution, including their relative abundance and geophysical locations. Indigenous people's predictions about the presence or absence of fish in different benthic habitats corresponded 77% and 92% of the time (depending on scoring schema) with in situ visual measurements. These results demonstrate how incorporating local knowledge of benthic heterogeneity, existing biological communities, and particular spatio-temporal events of biological significance into a GIS database can corroborate the production of scientifically reliable base resource maps for designing MPAs in an environmentally and culturally sound fashion. This participatory approach was used to design and then establish MPAs in the Roviana and Vonavona region of the Western Solomon Islands. Under appropriate conditions, interdisciplinary work can complement the design of scientific fishery management and biodiversity conservation prescriptions for coastal Oceania.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Bioequivalence assessment of generic products an innovative South African approach
- Walker, Roderick B, Kanfer, Isadore, Skinner, Michael F
- Authors: Walker, Roderick B , Kanfer, Isadore , Skinner, Michael F
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184256 , vital:44194 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601330500534014"
- Description: Concurrent with the implementation of new legislation mandating Generic Substitution in South Africa, a new set of guidelines for bioavailability and bioequivalence have been published. Since one of the main objectives of the new legislation in South Africa relating to Generic Substitution is to ensure that medicines of high quality, safety, and efficacy are made more accessible and more affordable to the wider public, the need to speed up approval of such multi-source products has become a regulatory priority. In order to facilitate this process, various bioequivalence issues have been addressed including important issues such as the acceptance criteria and associated bioequivalence intervals, use of a foreign reference product and the issue of assessing highly variable drugs (HVDs). In addition, dispensations have been made with respect to food effect assessment and variability relating to genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism (genotyping/phenotyping). Furthermore, the use of “old” biostudies submitted in support of an application is subject to expiry date. Acceptance of appropriate data requires that specific criteria such as Cmax and AUC, in addition to the usual considerations, also meet the limits specified by the particular registration authority of the country where such products are intended to be marketed. Generally, these limits require that the 90% confidence interval (CI) for AUC and Cmax test/reference ratios lies within the acceptance interval of 0.80–1.25 calculated using log-transformed data. While such acceptance criteria are, in general, ubiquitous, some differences in acceptance criteria do exist between various countries. The new guidelines for bioavailability/bioequivalence studies developed by the South African regulatory authority, the Medicines Control Council (MCC), makes provision for highly variable drugs and the use of a non-South African reference product. The MCC requires that the acceptance criterion for Cmax ratios be set at 0.75–1.33 while maintaining AUC ratios at 0.80–1.25 using a 90% CI. Furthermore, provision is made to apply scaling based on average bioequivalence assessment and, as an interim measure, consideration has also been given to the use of a foreign reference product provided that equivalence between that product and the innovator product currently available on the South African market can be shown using in vitro testing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Walker, Roderick B , Kanfer, Isadore , Skinner, Michael F
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184256 , vital:44194 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601330500534014"
- Description: Concurrent with the implementation of new legislation mandating Generic Substitution in South Africa, a new set of guidelines for bioavailability and bioequivalence have been published. Since one of the main objectives of the new legislation in South Africa relating to Generic Substitution is to ensure that medicines of high quality, safety, and efficacy are made more accessible and more affordable to the wider public, the need to speed up approval of such multi-source products has become a regulatory priority. In order to facilitate this process, various bioequivalence issues have been addressed including important issues such as the acceptance criteria and associated bioequivalence intervals, use of a foreign reference product and the issue of assessing highly variable drugs (HVDs). In addition, dispensations have been made with respect to food effect assessment and variability relating to genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism (genotyping/phenotyping). Furthermore, the use of “old” biostudies submitted in support of an application is subject to expiry date. Acceptance of appropriate data requires that specific criteria such as Cmax and AUC, in addition to the usual considerations, also meet the limits specified by the particular registration authority of the country where such products are intended to be marketed. Generally, these limits require that the 90% confidence interval (CI) for AUC and Cmax test/reference ratios lies within the acceptance interval of 0.80–1.25 calculated using log-transformed data. While such acceptance criteria are, in general, ubiquitous, some differences in acceptance criteria do exist between various countries. The new guidelines for bioavailability/bioequivalence studies developed by the South African regulatory authority, the Medicines Control Council (MCC), makes provision for highly variable drugs and the use of a non-South African reference product. The MCC requires that the acceptance criterion for Cmax ratios be set at 0.75–1.33 while maintaining AUC ratios at 0.80–1.25 using a 90% CI. Furthermore, provision is made to apply scaling based on average bioequivalence assessment and, as an interim measure, consideration has also been given to the use of a foreign reference product provided that equivalence between that product and the innovator product currently available on the South African market can be shown using in vitro testing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Comparative efficiency of immobilized non-transition metal phthalocyanine photosensitizers for the visible light transformation of chlorophenols
- Agboola, Bolade, Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286043 , vital:56233 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2005.12.009"
- Description: Photolysis of aqueous solutions of chlorophenols (4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) in the presence of immobilized non-transition metal phthalocyanine photosensitizers onto Amberlite® is presented. The photosensitizers studied are: Al (AlOCPc) and Zn (ZnOCPc) octacarboxyphthalocyanines; Al (AlPcS4) and Zn (ZnPcS4) tetrasulfophthalocyanines; sulfonated phthalocyanine complexes (containing mixtures of differently substituted derivatives) of Al (AlPcSmix), Zn (ZnPcSmix), Ge (GePcSmix), Si (SiPcSmix) and Sn (SnPcSmix). Photolysis of the chlorophenols resulted mainly in the formation of chlorobenzoquinone derivatives. The complexes showed order of activity towards the transformation of pentachlorophenol as follows: ZnOCPc > SiPcSmix > SnPcSmix > ZnPcSmix > GePcSmix > ZnPcS4 > AlPcSmix > AlOCPc > AlPcS4. The generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) by these immobilized MPc photosensitizers was found to play a major role in their photoactivities towards the transformation of these chlorophenols. Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) kinetic model studies showed that the ZnOCPc, GePcSmix and ZnPcSmix photocatalysis occurred on the catalysts surface. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286043 , vital:56233 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2005.12.009"
- Description: Photolysis of aqueous solutions of chlorophenols (4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) in the presence of immobilized non-transition metal phthalocyanine photosensitizers onto Amberlite® is presented. The photosensitizers studied are: Al (AlOCPc) and Zn (ZnOCPc) octacarboxyphthalocyanines; Al (AlPcS4) and Zn (ZnPcS4) tetrasulfophthalocyanines; sulfonated phthalocyanine complexes (containing mixtures of differently substituted derivatives) of Al (AlPcSmix), Zn (ZnPcSmix), Ge (GePcSmix), Si (SiPcSmix) and Sn (SnPcSmix). Photolysis of the chlorophenols resulted mainly in the formation of chlorobenzoquinone derivatives. The complexes showed order of activity towards the transformation of pentachlorophenol as follows: ZnOCPc > SiPcSmix > SnPcSmix > ZnPcSmix > GePcSmix > ZnPcS4 > AlPcSmix > AlOCPc > AlPcS4. The generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) by these immobilized MPc photosensitizers was found to play a major role in their photoactivities towards the transformation of these chlorophenols. Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) kinetic model studies showed that the ZnOCPc, GePcSmix and ZnPcSmix photocatalysis occurred on the catalysts surface. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Comparative electrochemistry and electrocatalytic activities of cobalt, iron and manganese phthalocyanine complexes axially co-ordinated to mercaptopyridine self-assembled monolayer at gold electrodes
- Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286054 , vital:56234 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.08.007"
- Description: Comparative surface electrochemistry and electrocatalytic properties of solid ultrathin monolayer films of metallophthalocyanine (MPc) complexes of cobalt (CoPc), iron (FePc) and manganese (MnPc) self-immobilised, via axial ligation reaction, onto preformed 4-mercaptopyridine self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold electrodes have been described. Surface electrochemical parameters of the modified electrodes showed that these MPc-SAMs are densely packed with flat orientations. The electrochemical, electrocatalytic and stability properties of these MPc complexes follow this order: FePc > MnPc > CoPc. This finding is remarkable as it suggests that the success of using this method of self-assembling of MPc onto gold electrode is largely dependent on the bond distance between the pyridine linker and the central metal of the MPc; the shorter the distance, the faster the co-ordination and the better the electrocatalytic properties towards L-cysteine and thiocyanate. Thus, the superiority of FePc-based SAM over those of the MnPc and CoPc, has been proposed to be the result of the more favorable axial co-ordination properties of FePc with pyridine (i.e. shorter Fe–N(pyridine) bond length.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286054 , vital:56234 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.08.007"
- Description: Comparative surface electrochemistry and electrocatalytic properties of solid ultrathin monolayer films of metallophthalocyanine (MPc) complexes of cobalt (CoPc), iron (FePc) and manganese (MnPc) self-immobilised, via axial ligation reaction, onto preformed 4-mercaptopyridine self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold electrodes have been described. Surface electrochemical parameters of the modified electrodes showed that these MPc-SAMs are densely packed with flat orientations. The electrochemical, electrocatalytic and stability properties of these MPc complexes follow this order: FePc > MnPc > CoPc. This finding is remarkable as it suggests that the success of using this method of self-assembling of MPc onto gold electrode is largely dependent on the bond distance between the pyridine linker and the central metal of the MPc; the shorter the distance, the faster the co-ordination and the better the electrocatalytic properties towards L-cysteine and thiocyanate. Thus, the superiority of FePc-based SAM over those of the MnPc and CoPc, has been proposed to be the result of the more favorable axial co-ordination properties of FePc with pyridine (i.e. shorter Fe–N(pyridine) bond length.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Early effects of a community-based marine protected area on the food security of participating households
- Weiant, Pamela, Shankar, Aswani
- Authors: Weiant, Pamela , Shankar, Aswani
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439084 , vital:73543
- Description: There is general agreement among conservation practitioners that community-based marine protected areas (CB-MPAs) can improve food security in coastal communities. However, little attention has been given to how communities respond to CB-MPAs, particularly how households try to meet their livelihood needs following the establishment of a restrictive management regime. In this paper, we explore the early effects of a CB-MPA geared toward the management of marine resources harvested by women, as measured by perceived income and food availability. We strive to better understand (1) the contribution of women’s fishing activities to livelihood needs, particularly the harvest of blood cockles (Anadara granosa) and mud clams (Polymesoda spp.)(the species under management);(2) differences in how households respond to a CB-MPA; and (3) the relationship between food security and certain aspects of reef health. To illustrate our case, we draw upon our research experience with social and biological impact assessments and our experience in establishing marine protection in the Western Solomon Islands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Weiant, Pamela , Shankar, Aswani
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439084 , vital:73543
- Description: There is general agreement among conservation practitioners that community-based marine protected areas (CB-MPAs) can improve food security in coastal communities. However, little attention has been given to how communities respond to CB-MPAs, particularly how households try to meet their livelihood needs following the establishment of a restrictive management regime. In this paper, we explore the early effects of a CB-MPA geared toward the management of marine resources harvested by women, as measured by perceived income and food availability. We strive to better understand (1) the contribution of women’s fishing activities to livelihood needs, particularly the harvest of blood cockles (Anadara granosa) and mud clams (Polymesoda spp.)(the species under management);(2) differences in how households respond to a CB-MPA; and (3) the relationship between food security and certain aspects of reef health. To illustrate our case, we draw upon our research experience with social and biological impact assessments and our experience in establishing marine protection in the Western Solomon Islands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Electrocatalytic oxidation of thiocyanate, L-cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol by self-assembled monolayer of cobalt tetraethoxy thiophene phthalocyanine
- Sehlotho, Nthapo, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sehlotho, Nthapo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/283814 , vital:55993 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.024"
- Description: Catalytic activity of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of cobalt tetra ethoxythiophene phthalocyanine (CoTEThPc-SAM) complex towards oxidation of thiocyanate (SCN−), L-cysteine (CYS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is reported. The oxidation of thiocyanate occurs via a two electron transfer, whereas L-cysteine and 2-ME require 1 electron. The oxidation of thiocyanate is catalysed by ring based processes, while L-cysteine is catalysed by both CoIII/CoII process and by ring based processes. 2-ME is catalysed by CoIII/CoII process. The oxidation of thiocyanate on CoTEThPc was performed in acid media instead of basic media commonly employed. The reaction order was found to be unity for all the analytes, showing that only one molecule of analyte interacts with one molecule of the catalyst during the rate determining step.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Sehlotho, Nthapo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/283814 , vital:55993 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.024"
- Description: Catalytic activity of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of cobalt tetra ethoxythiophene phthalocyanine (CoTEThPc-SAM) complex towards oxidation of thiocyanate (SCN−), L-cysteine (CYS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is reported. The oxidation of thiocyanate occurs via a two electron transfer, whereas L-cysteine and 2-ME require 1 electron. The oxidation of thiocyanate is catalysed by ring based processes, while L-cysteine is catalysed by both CoIII/CoII process and by ring based processes. 2-ME is catalysed by CoIII/CoII process. The oxidation of thiocyanate on CoTEThPc was performed in acid media instead of basic media commonly employed. The reaction order was found to be unity for all the analytes, showing that only one molecule of analyte interacts with one molecule of the catalyst during the rate determining step.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Electropolymerizable iron (III) and cobalt (II) dicyanophenoxy tetraphenylporphyrin complexes
- Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Zhao, Zhixin, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Zhao, Zhixin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286080 , vital:56236 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2005.11.024"
- Description: Solution and solid phase electrochemical features of 5-[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl],10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin complexes of iron(III) (FeCNOTPP(Cl)) and cobalt(II) (CoCNOTPP) have been described. These novel asymmetric dicyanophenoxy-derivatised cobalt and iron porphyrin complexes were electropolymerised onto glassy carbon electrodes, which in aqueous solutions, gave surface concentrations (ca. 10−10 mol cm−2) typical of monolayer coverages. The films also exhibited excellent stability and electrocatalysis towards the direct detection of important analytes as nitrite, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Zhao, Zhixin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286080 , vital:56236 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2005.11.024"
- Description: Solution and solid phase electrochemical features of 5-[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl],10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin complexes of iron(III) (FeCNOTPP(Cl)) and cobalt(II) (CoCNOTPP) have been described. These novel asymmetric dicyanophenoxy-derivatised cobalt and iron porphyrin complexes were electropolymerised onto glassy carbon electrodes, which in aqueous solutions, gave surface concentrations (ca. 10−10 mol cm−2) typical of monolayer coverages. The films also exhibited excellent stability and electrocatalysis towards the direct detection of important analytes as nitrite, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Evaluation of rate of swelling and erosion of verapamil (VRP) sustained-release matrix tablets
- Khamanga, Sandile M, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Khamanga, Sandile M , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184232 , vital:44192 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03639040600599822"
- Description: Tablets manufactured in-house were compared to a marketed sustained-release product of verapamil to investigate the rate of hydration, erosion, and drug-release mechanism by measuring the wet and subsequent dry weights of the products. Swelling and erosion rates depended on the polymer and granulating fluid used, which ultimately pointed to their permeability characteristics. Erosion rate of the marketed product was highest, which suggests that the gel layer that formed around these tablets was weak as opposed to the robust and resistant layers of test products. Anomalous and near zero-order transport mechanisms were dominant in tests and commercial product, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Khamanga, Sandile M , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184232 , vital:44192 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03639040600599822"
- Description: Tablets manufactured in-house were compared to a marketed sustained-release product of verapamil to investigate the rate of hydration, erosion, and drug-release mechanism by measuring the wet and subsequent dry weights of the products. Swelling and erosion rates depended on the polymer and granulating fluid used, which ultimately pointed to their permeability characteristics. Erosion rate of the marketed product was highest, which suggests that the gel layer that formed around these tablets was weak as opposed to the robust and resistant layers of test products. Anomalous and near zero-order transport mechanisms were dominant in tests and commercial product, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Household fuelwood use in small electrified towns of the Makana District, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Gambiza, James, Jones, R
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Gambiza, James , Jones, R
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182362 , vital:43823 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i4a3394"
- Description: Access to secure energy supplies is a key foundation for sustainable development. Consequently local planning and development initiatives must be based on a sound knowledge of the energy use patterns and preferences of local users. This paper reports on such for three small urban settlements in the Eastern Cape Province, with a particular focus on fuelwood use. Despite widespread electrification over a decade ago, and perceptions that the ease of fuelwood collection was declining, most households continued to use fuelwood for cooking and space heating, whereas electricity was favoured for lighting. The most common reason for this was because fuelwood was cheap (or free) compared to electricity. Annual demand was approximately 1 450 kg per household per year. Households that collected their own supplies of fuelwood were significantly poorer than those that either bought their stocks, or those that did not use fuelwood at all. Indigenous species were favoured over exotic species, although fuelwood vendors traded mostly in exotic species, particularly Eucalyptus and wattle. The greater reliance of poorer and unelectrified households on fuelwood requires that local authorities consider this in energy planning, otherwise the poor will be neglected in policies such as the Free Basic Electricity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Household fuelwood use in small electrified towns of the Makana District, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Gambiza, James , Jones, R
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182362 , vital:43823 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i4a3394"
- Description: Access to secure energy supplies is a key foundation for sustainable development. Consequently local planning and development initiatives must be based on a sound knowledge of the energy use patterns and preferences of local users. This paper reports on such for three small urban settlements in the Eastern Cape Province, with a particular focus on fuelwood use. Despite widespread electrification over a decade ago, and perceptions that the ease of fuelwood collection was declining, most households continued to use fuelwood for cooking and space heating, whereas electricity was favoured for lighting. The most common reason for this was because fuelwood was cheap (or free) compared to electricity. Annual demand was approximately 1 450 kg per household per year. Households that collected their own supplies of fuelwood were significantly poorer than those that either bought their stocks, or those that did not use fuelwood at all. Indigenous species were favoured over exotic species, although fuelwood vendors traded mostly in exotic species, particularly Eucalyptus and wattle. The greater reliance of poorer and unelectrified households on fuelwood requires that local authorities consider this in energy planning, otherwise the poor will be neglected in policies such as the Free Basic Electricity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Household wealth status and natural resource use in the Kat River valley, South Africa
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Shackleton, Sheona E
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Shackleton, Sheona E
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181301 , vital:43717 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.011"
- Description: Much work has demonstrated the significant role and value of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the livelihoods of rural people in southern Africa and elsewhere. The findings provide a mean or composite picture, averaged across the sample households within each community. Yet, within any given community, there is significant socio-economic differentiation. It is important to acknowledge such differentiation when considering policy and management interventions to support rural livelihoods and promote sustainable resource use. This paper reports on a study in South Africa, the objective of which was to explore wealth-related differences and similarities in the use and value of NTFPs. Data on NTFP consumption, purchase, and sale were collected from households in three rural villages. Households were divided into three wealth classes and patterns of NTFPs use between the classes examined. There was no difference in the proportions of households in each wealth class using NTFPs, nor the total number of NTFPs used per household. Yet, there was some supporting evidence that poorer households derive greater benefits from NTFPs than do wealthy or intermediate households. One clear difference was that, with increasing wealth, households purchased significantly more NTFPs, and a greater proportion of wealthy households did so. Conversely, a greater proportion of poor households were involved in the sale of one or more NTFPs, and they sold a greater number per household, compared to wealthy and intermediate households. Detailed examination of use and value of four NTFPs (fuelwood, wild fruits, edible herbs, and grass hand brushes) revealed that in all instances, the poorest households used more of the resource per capita than the other wealth classes. This was not the case for comparisons based on the total household as the unit of analysis. Gross annual direct-use value did not differ between the wealth classes for any of the four NTFPs examined, at the household level. But on a per capita basis, a significantly higher gross annual direct-use value was evident within poorer households for fuelwood and edible herbs. The significance of these differences is discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Shackleton, Sheona E
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181301 , vital:43717 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.011"
- Description: Much work has demonstrated the significant role and value of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the livelihoods of rural people in southern Africa and elsewhere. The findings provide a mean or composite picture, averaged across the sample households within each community. Yet, within any given community, there is significant socio-economic differentiation. It is important to acknowledge such differentiation when considering policy and management interventions to support rural livelihoods and promote sustainable resource use. This paper reports on a study in South Africa, the objective of which was to explore wealth-related differences and similarities in the use and value of NTFPs. Data on NTFP consumption, purchase, and sale were collected from households in three rural villages. Households were divided into three wealth classes and patterns of NTFPs use between the classes examined. There was no difference in the proportions of households in each wealth class using NTFPs, nor the total number of NTFPs used per household. Yet, there was some supporting evidence that poorer households derive greater benefits from NTFPs than do wealthy or intermediate households. One clear difference was that, with increasing wealth, households purchased significantly more NTFPs, and a greater proportion of wealthy households did so. Conversely, a greater proportion of poor households were involved in the sale of one or more NTFPs, and they sold a greater number per household, compared to wealthy and intermediate households. Detailed examination of use and value of four NTFPs (fuelwood, wild fruits, edible herbs, and grass hand brushes) revealed that in all instances, the poorest households used more of the resource per capita than the other wealth classes. This was not the case for comparisons based on the total household as the unit of analysis. Gross annual direct-use value did not differ between the wealth classes for any of the four NTFPs examined, at the household level. But on a per capita basis, a significantly higher gross annual direct-use value was evident within poorer households for fuelwood and edible herbs. The significance of these differences is discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Identifying needs and opportunities for local government environmental education and training in South Africa
- Olvitt, Lausanne L, Hamaamba, Tyson
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L , Hamaamba, Tyson
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/370991 , vital:66400 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122739"
- Description: Effective environmental management and public engagement with environmental concerns are needed for the attainment of sustainable development goals and socio-ecological balance in local government contexts. This vision is clearly articulated in international environmental policy frameworks and in South Africa’s national and regional legislation. However, policy and legislation fall short of identifying the range of a priori competences required by local government officials and environmental managers before well intended policy can be translated into effective practice. This paper reports on recent research into identifying the underlying competences required for better environmental management and the establishment of education and training processes for local government managers. The research draws on the notion of ‘applied competence’ put forward by South Africa’s National Qualifications Framework, and argues that greater attention needs to be paid to competence-based capacity building processes within local government departments if environmental sustainability and development goals are to be met. The paper draws on the researchers’ experiences of formulating a national level generic competence framework for environmental management, and conducting an education and training needs analysis for the Makana Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Early findings suggest that a broad range of competences all have a role in ensuring the capacity and effectiveness of local governments to better manage their local environment. The paper argues that these are significant for the development of environmental education and training programmes in local government contexts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L , Hamaamba, Tyson
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/370991 , vital:66400 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122739"
- Description: Effective environmental management and public engagement with environmental concerns are needed for the attainment of sustainable development goals and socio-ecological balance in local government contexts. This vision is clearly articulated in international environmental policy frameworks and in South Africa’s national and regional legislation. However, policy and legislation fall short of identifying the range of a priori competences required by local government officials and environmental managers before well intended policy can be translated into effective practice. This paper reports on recent research into identifying the underlying competences required for better environmental management and the establishment of education and training processes for local government managers. The research draws on the notion of ‘applied competence’ put forward by South Africa’s National Qualifications Framework, and argues that greater attention needs to be paid to competence-based capacity building processes within local government departments if environmental sustainability and development goals are to be met. The paper draws on the researchers’ experiences of formulating a national level generic competence framework for environmental management, and conducting an education and training needs analysis for the Makana Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Early findings suggest that a broad range of competences all have a role in ensuring the capacity and effectiveness of local governments to better manage their local environment. The paper argues that these are significant for the development of environmental education and training programmes in local government contexts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Incorporating fishermen’s local knowledge and behavior into geographical information systems (GIS) for designing marine protected areas in Oceania
- Shankar, Aswani, Lauer, Matthew
- Authors: Shankar, Aswani , Lauer, Matthew
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439109 , vital:73545 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.65.1.4y2q0vhe4l30n0uj"
- Description: Drawing on our experience in establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Roviana and Vonavona Lagoons, New Georgia, Solomon Islands, this paper shows how a geographical information system (GIS) database can be used to incorporate sociospatial information, such as indigenous knowledge and artisanal fishing data, along with biophysical and other information to assist in MPA design. We argue that converting peoples’ knowledge and socioecological behavior into geo-spatial data allows researchers to formulate hypotheses regarding human responses to inter- and intra-habitat variability, along with other marine ecological processes, and help in the designing and implementation of resource management strategies in a cost-effective and participatory way, bridging the gap between indigenous and Western cognitions of seascapes. More generally, we show the significance of combining spatial tools, anthropological fieldwork, and social and natural science methods for studying artisanal fisheries with the goal of aiding the design of marine protected areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Shankar, Aswani , Lauer, Matthew
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439109 , vital:73545 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.65.1.4y2q0vhe4l30n0uj"
- Description: Drawing on our experience in establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Roviana and Vonavona Lagoons, New Georgia, Solomon Islands, this paper shows how a geographical information system (GIS) database can be used to incorporate sociospatial information, such as indigenous knowledge and artisanal fishing data, along with biophysical and other information to assist in MPA design. We argue that converting peoples’ knowledge and socioecological behavior into geo-spatial data allows researchers to formulate hypotheses regarding human responses to inter- and intra-habitat variability, along with other marine ecological processes, and help in the designing and implementation of resource management strategies in a cost-effective and participatory way, bridging the gap between indigenous and Western cognitions of seascapes. More generally, we show the significance of combining spatial tools, anthropological fieldwork, and social and natural science methods for studying artisanal fisheries with the goal of aiding the design of marine protected areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Joking around in Zimbabwe, undoing and redoing participation
- Authors: Price, Leigh
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373715 , vital:66716 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122750"
- Description: In Zimbabwe, I teach a participatory course on environmental education to trainers. The course is an adaptation of a course designed by Rhodes University, South Africa. It gives participants a background in educational theories and has a strong theoretical component built around a focus on practice. During the time that the course was being delivered to non-industry participants, the theoretical component of the course was whole-heartedly embraced. We assumed that calling the course ‘participatory’ presupposed the need for this theory because within the theory were the tools for emancipation. And participation, we believed, had an emancipatory mandate. However, when we decided to redevelop the course for industry, we were uncomfortably surprised by the request from a majority of industry participants to reduce the theory and concentrate solely on skills-based training. This paper documents how this discomfort resulted in my adjusting my view of participation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Price, Leigh
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373715 , vital:66716 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122750"
- Description: In Zimbabwe, I teach a participatory course on environmental education to trainers. The course is an adaptation of a course designed by Rhodes University, South Africa. It gives participants a background in educational theories and has a strong theoretical component built around a focus on practice. During the time that the course was being delivered to non-industry participants, the theoretical component of the course was whole-heartedly embraced. We assumed that calling the course ‘participatory’ presupposed the need for this theory because within the theory were the tools for emancipation. And participation, we believed, had an emancipatory mandate. However, when we decided to redevelop the course for industry, we were uncomfortably surprised by the request from a majority of industry participants to reduce the theory and concentrate solely on skills-based training. This paper documents how this discomfort resulted in my adjusting my view of participation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Learning about participation in integrated water resources management: A South African review
- Burt, Jane C, du Toit, Derick, Neves, David, Pollard, Sharon
- Authors: Burt, Jane C , du Toit, Derick , Neves, David , Pollard, Sharon
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433025 , vital:72924 , xlink:href="https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/TT293-06.pdf"
- Description: The National Water Act (1998) opens the way for ordinary people to take part in water resource management (WRM). This is a significant move towards a more social orientation and away from an approach that focused almost exclusively on the technical aspects of WRM. This set of two books asks what a social orientation means in practice. Since the National Water Act became law in 1998, how have WRM practitioners involved people in the process of managing water? What have we learnt so far? And how can we use these lessons to move forward? The content of the books is based on research that looked in some depth at national and local participatory practice in South Africa, and also broadly at international trends. The research was conducted by three WRM practitioners and two researchers in the field of participatory approaches.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Burt, Jane C , du Toit, Derick , Neves, David , Pollard, Sharon
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433025 , vital:72924 , xlink:href="https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/TT293-06.pdf"
- Description: The National Water Act (1998) opens the way for ordinary people to take part in water resource management (WRM). This is a significant move towards a more social orientation and away from an approach that focused almost exclusively on the technical aspects of WRM. This set of two books asks what a social orientation means in practice. Since the National Water Act became law in 1998, how have WRM practitioners involved people in the process of managing water? What have we learnt so far? And how can we use these lessons to move forward? The content of the books is based on research that looked in some depth at national and local participatory practice in South Africa, and also broadly at international trends. The research was conducted by three WRM practitioners and two researchers in the field of participatory approaches.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Negotiating impoverishment: Farm worker responses to displacement following land invasions in Zimbabwe's "Fast Track Land Reform Programme"
- Hartnack, Andrew Michael Carl
- Authors: Hartnack, Andrew Michael Carl
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/197076 , vital:45834
- Description: This thesis investigates the impacts of sudden, unplanned, and violent displacement on farm workers such as Frank Juwawo during Zimbabwe’s recent Fast Track Land Reform Programme. It seeks to illustrate how the members of a complex community were differentially impacted by displacement and displayed differing abilities to mitigate the resulting social and economic impoverishment. In order to illuminate this particular displacement scenario, this thesis uses theoretical and analytical tools developed in the field of displacement studies, adapting them to suit the kind of displacement experienced by Zimbabwean farm workers. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Anthropology, 2006
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Hartnack, Andrew Michael Carl
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/197076 , vital:45834
- Description: This thesis investigates the impacts of sudden, unplanned, and violent displacement on farm workers such as Frank Juwawo during Zimbabwe’s recent Fast Track Land Reform Programme. It seeks to illustrate how the members of a complex community were differentially impacted by displacement and displayed differing abilities to mitigate the resulting social and economic impoverishment. In order to illuminate this particular displacement scenario, this thesis uses theoretical and analytical tools developed in the field of displacement studies, adapting them to suit the kind of displacement experienced by Zimbabwean farm workers. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Anthropology, 2006
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Promoting sustainable development through whole school approaches: an international, intercultural teacher education research and development project
- Shallcross, Tony, Loubser, Callie, Le Roux, Cheryl, O'Donoghue, Rob B, Lupele, Justin
- Authors: Shallcross, Tony , Loubser, Callie , Le Roux, Cheryl , O'Donoghue, Rob B , Lupele, Justin
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433066 , vital:72929 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/02607470600782427"
- Description: This paper focuses on a British Council funded Higher Education Link project involving three institutions—Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) in the UK and two South African institutions, the University of South Africa (UNISA) and Rhodes University. The link is a research and development project that has three main research strands: contextual profiling that will establish the applicability of a European teacher education project to the South African context, evaluative materials development and piloting predicated on a respect for indigenous and contextual knowledge, and impact analysis that will examine the role of multidirectional intergenerational mentoring in disseminating messages about sustainable lifestyles. The project is strongly influenced by the South African Revised National Curriculum statements pertaining to environment and an analysis of the impact that these materials have had on promoting whole school approaches to environmental education in South Africa. The link's initial purpose is to develop advanced certificate in education (ACE) course materials that will promote whole school approaches to environmental education, based on developing concepts of collaboration, pupil participation, educational process and action in schools in South Africa. Materials from the MMU‐based, European Commission funded Sustainability Education in European Primary Schools (SEEPS) Project will be adapted for use in South Africa by UNISA and Rhodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Shallcross, Tony , Loubser, Callie , Le Roux, Cheryl , O'Donoghue, Rob B , Lupele, Justin
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433066 , vital:72929 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/02607470600782427"
- Description: This paper focuses on a British Council funded Higher Education Link project involving three institutions—Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) in the UK and two South African institutions, the University of South Africa (UNISA) and Rhodes University. The link is a research and development project that has three main research strands: contextual profiling that will establish the applicability of a European teacher education project to the South African context, evaluative materials development and piloting predicated on a respect for indigenous and contextual knowledge, and impact analysis that will examine the role of multidirectional intergenerational mentoring in disseminating messages about sustainable lifestyles. The project is strongly influenced by the South African Revised National Curriculum statements pertaining to environment and an analysis of the impact that these materials have had on promoting whole school approaches to environmental education in South Africa. The link's initial purpose is to develop advanced certificate in education (ACE) course materials that will promote whole school approaches to environmental education, based on developing concepts of collaboration, pupil participation, educational process and action in schools in South Africa. Materials from the MMU‐based, European Commission funded Sustainability Education in European Primary Schools (SEEPS) Project will be adapted for use in South Africa by UNISA and Rhodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006