The retirement funding adequacy of black South Africans
- Authors: Zeka, Bomikazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Retirement income -- South Africa -- Case studies South Africa -- Finance Finance, Personal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13338 , vital:27176
- Description: Despite the importance of retirement planning, many South Africans have been documented as reaching retirement age without adequate retirement funding. A vast amount of research has been conducted on how proper retirement planning can be beneficial for individuals; however, there has been a lack of attention given to researching the retirement planning of black individuals in South Africa. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to identify, investigate and empirically test which factors influence retirement planning, and which aspects of retirement planning influence the retirement funding adequacy of black individuals. After a comprehensive literature review was undertaken on the factors influencing the retirement planning and retirement funding adequacy of individuals, the following independent variables were identified as influencing the mediating variable (Aspects of retirement planning) and the dependent variable (Retirement funding adequacy) in this study: • Financial literacy; • The role of the financial planner; • Family support structure; and • Health status. These independent variables were selected to construct a hypothesised model and research hypotheses, as they have been identified as the prominent factors that influence the retirement planning of black South Africans. Furthermore, these independent variables were used in determining whether they have an influence on the Aspects of retirement planning (incorporating Retirement provisions, Retirement attitudes and Retirement intentions) and, ultimately, improve the Retirement funding adequacy of individuals. In order to establish the influence of the aspects of retirement planning on the retirement funding adequacy of individuals, an empirical investigation was undertaken. A measuring instrument, in the form of a questionnaire, was compiled from secondary literature sources. The respondents were identified though a mixed sampling approach, whereby stratified sampling and convenience sampling were used to attain 441 usable questionnaires that were subjected to statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics, in the form of frequency distributions, were used to summarise Section A and Section B of the measuring instrument. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument were confirmed by means of exploratory factor analyses (EFA), and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were also calculated for this purpose. As a result of conducting the EFA, two independent variables (Family support structure and Health status) loaded together, and the factor was renamed accordingly. From the EFA, the independent variables that emerged were The role of the financial planner, Family, health, and financial well-being, and Financial literacy. Furthermore, the EFA revealed that three mediating variables emerged from the mediating variable Aspects of retirement planning. These three mediating variables were consequently named Retirement intentions, Retirement attitudes, and Retirement provisions. There were no eliminated variables in this study. Based on the results of the EFA, some of the definitions of the variables were adapted. Consequently, the hypothesised model and its research hypotheses were adapted to reflect the results of the EFA. The results of the Cronbach’s alphas calculated reported that all the measuring scales used in the questionnaire of the study were reliable. Furthermore, descriptive statistics were also calculated to summarise the sample data, and Pearson’s product moment correlations were calculated to establish the correlations between all the variables used in this study. A multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of the various independent variables on the mediating variables and the dependent variable. Furthermore, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used as the main statistical procedure to test for mediation in the study. SEM was also used to assess and confirm the results of the multiple regression analyses. Based on the results of the multiple regression analyses and SEM, the hypothesised relationships of the study were accepted or rejected. Additionally, the results of SEM revealed that the revised model of the study displayed acceptable model fit. To conclude the empirical investigation, t-tests and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed to assess whether the respondents’ perceptions of the variables used in the study differed as a result of the respondents’ demographic information. Furthermore, to establish significant differences between individual mean scores, post-hoc Tukey tests were calculated, and practical significance was assessed by calculating Cohen’s d values. The main empirical results of the study found that statistically significant relationships exist between the independent variables The role of the financial planner and Family, health, and financial well-being, and the mediating variable Retirement intentions. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between the independent variable Financial literacy and the mediating variable Retirement attitudes. Other significant relationships were present between all the independent variables The role of the financial planner, Family, health, and financial well-being and Financial literacy, and the mediating variable Retirement provisions. The study also established statistically significant relationships between the mediating variables Retirement attitudes and Retirement provisions and the dependent variable Retirement funding adequacy. Statistically significant relationships were also present between the independent variables Family, health, and financial well-being and Financial literacy and the dependent variable Retirement funding adequacy. This study has added to the limited amount of academic literature in the field of retirement planning in South Africa. Through the hypothesised model developed in this study, a significant contribution has been made towards investigating the factors that influence the retirement planning and retirement funding adequacy of black individuals residing in South Africa. This study presents recommendations to black individuals on practical strategies that could help to improve their retirement planning and retirement funding adequacy. Furthermore, suggestions are presented to financial planners and financial institutions, in order to assist black individuals or potential clients to improve their retirement planning and to help ensure that individuals are financially independent when they reach retirement age. It is recommended that financial institutions provide financial products/services that will cater to black South Africans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zeka, Bomikazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Retirement income -- South Africa -- Case studies South Africa -- Finance Finance, Personal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13338 , vital:27176
- Description: Despite the importance of retirement planning, many South Africans have been documented as reaching retirement age without adequate retirement funding. A vast amount of research has been conducted on how proper retirement planning can be beneficial for individuals; however, there has been a lack of attention given to researching the retirement planning of black individuals in South Africa. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to identify, investigate and empirically test which factors influence retirement planning, and which aspects of retirement planning influence the retirement funding adequacy of black individuals. After a comprehensive literature review was undertaken on the factors influencing the retirement planning and retirement funding adequacy of individuals, the following independent variables were identified as influencing the mediating variable (Aspects of retirement planning) and the dependent variable (Retirement funding adequacy) in this study: • Financial literacy; • The role of the financial planner; • Family support structure; and • Health status. These independent variables were selected to construct a hypothesised model and research hypotheses, as they have been identified as the prominent factors that influence the retirement planning of black South Africans. Furthermore, these independent variables were used in determining whether they have an influence on the Aspects of retirement planning (incorporating Retirement provisions, Retirement attitudes and Retirement intentions) and, ultimately, improve the Retirement funding adequacy of individuals. In order to establish the influence of the aspects of retirement planning on the retirement funding adequacy of individuals, an empirical investigation was undertaken. A measuring instrument, in the form of a questionnaire, was compiled from secondary literature sources. The respondents were identified though a mixed sampling approach, whereby stratified sampling and convenience sampling were used to attain 441 usable questionnaires that were subjected to statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics, in the form of frequency distributions, were used to summarise Section A and Section B of the measuring instrument. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument were confirmed by means of exploratory factor analyses (EFA), and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were also calculated for this purpose. As a result of conducting the EFA, two independent variables (Family support structure and Health status) loaded together, and the factor was renamed accordingly. From the EFA, the independent variables that emerged were The role of the financial planner, Family, health, and financial well-being, and Financial literacy. Furthermore, the EFA revealed that three mediating variables emerged from the mediating variable Aspects of retirement planning. These three mediating variables were consequently named Retirement intentions, Retirement attitudes, and Retirement provisions. There were no eliminated variables in this study. Based on the results of the EFA, some of the definitions of the variables were adapted. Consequently, the hypothesised model and its research hypotheses were adapted to reflect the results of the EFA. The results of the Cronbach’s alphas calculated reported that all the measuring scales used in the questionnaire of the study were reliable. Furthermore, descriptive statistics were also calculated to summarise the sample data, and Pearson’s product moment correlations were calculated to establish the correlations between all the variables used in this study. A multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of the various independent variables on the mediating variables and the dependent variable. Furthermore, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used as the main statistical procedure to test for mediation in the study. SEM was also used to assess and confirm the results of the multiple regression analyses. Based on the results of the multiple regression analyses and SEM, the hypothesised relationships of the study were accepted or rejected. Additionally, the results of SEM revealed that the revised model of the study displayed acceptable model fit. To conclude the empirical investigation, t-tests and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed to assess whether the respondents’ perceptions of the variables used in the study differed as a result of the respondents’ demographic information. Furthermore, to establish significant differences between individual mean scores, post-hoc Tukey tests were calculated, and practical significance was assessed by calculating Cohen’s d values. The main empirical results of the study found that statistically significant relationships exist between the independent variables The role of the financial planner and Family, health, and financial well-being, and the mediating variable Retirement intentions. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between the independent variable Financial literacy and the mediating variable Retirement attitudes. Other significant relationships were present between all the independent variables The role of the financial planner, Family, health, and financial well-being and Financial literacy, and the mediating variable Retirement provisions. The study also established statistically significant relationships between the mediating variables Retirement attitudes and Retirement provisions and the dependent variable Retirement funding adequacy. Statistically significant relationships were also present between the independent variables Family, health, and financial well-being and Financial literacy and the dependent variable Retirement funding adequacy. This study has added to the limited amount of academic literature in the field of retirement planning in South Africa. Through the hypothesised model developed in this study, a significant contribution has been made towards investigating the factors that influence the retirement planning and retirement funding adequacy of black individuals residing in South Africa. This study presents recommendations to black individuals on practical strategies that could help to improve their retirement planning and retirement funding adequacy. Furthermore, suggestions are presented to financial planners and financial institutions, in order to assist black individuals or potential clients to improve their retirement planning and to help ensure that individuals are financially independent when they reach retirement age. It is recommended that financial institutions provide financial products/services that will cater to black South Africans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The philanthropic priorities of Chinese and Japanese Americans as they relate to Asian American culturally specific museums
- Authors: Yok, Larry Tom
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Museums -- Economic aspects -- United States Chinese Americans -- Development -- United States Non-governmental organizations -- Museums -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13160 , vital:27157
- Description: Asian American culturally specific museums began forming in the United States in 1963. There are now 11 in existence. Four of these museums (two Chinese American, one Japanese American and one Pan Asian American) dramatically expanded their programs and constructed large new facilities. These culturally specific museums are private nonprofit organizations that are reliant on private donors for most of their financial support. Asian Americans comprise the majority of these Asian American museums’ donor bases. Understanding why donors support these museums may be useful to the museums’ abilities to raise funds.In this thesis I explore the reasons Chinese and Japanese Americans support these culturally specific museums. I used data from my qualitative study involving in-depth interviews of 16 Chinese and Japanese American current and former donors to a Pan Asian culturally specific museum in Seattle, Washington along with interviews of chief executives and other key informants of five other culturally specific museums in addition to primary documents provided by the museums and related secondary information available through the Internet. I also conducted a literature review in the fields of Development Studies, racial and ethnic identity, museology, and philanthropy. While identifying the reasons donors support these culturally specific museums, I also identify the philanthropic priorities and criteria of Chinese and Japanese Americans residing in Seattle and compare them with similar studies of Asian American philanthropy conducted in other cities in the 1990’s. I also examine the roles played by these culturally specific museums in the promotion of social capital, cultural capital and heritage capital in their communities. Chinese and Japanese Americans support these museums to preserve and educate their communities about the contributions their forebears made to the development of the United States. Asian American history has been marginalized in conventional narratives and one mission of the Asian American culturally specific museums is to bring their stories into the American history mainstream. Creating and operating these museums requires substantial networking within the Chinese and Japanese American communities and with other ethnic communities to bring in visitors and obtain financial and other support. The museums promote social capital development through collaboration in the museums’ operations. They increase the communities’ cultural capital by assembling the dispersed cultural and heritage capital of the Chinese and Japanese American communities into curated collections. These Asian American culturally specific museums face challenges stemming from attrition in their donor bases due to age. The museums need to develop activities that attract new supporters who may be mixed race or mixed ethnicity or who are interested in social activism that impacts society. The museums also must create programs that are relevant to younger generations. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for further inquiry into the ways culturally specific museums promote bonding and bridging capital in low and middle class Asian American communities and the degree to which they affect development in their neighbourhoods. Further research into the museums’ educational programs efficacy as they relate to correcting misperceptions about Asian Americans among non-Asian Americans may be desirable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Yok, Larry Tom
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Museums -- Economic aspects -- United States Chinese Americans -- Development -- United States Non-governmental organizations -- Museums -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13160 , vital:27157
- Description: Asian American culturally specific museums began forming in the United States in 1963. There are now 11 in existence. Four of these museums (two Chinese American, one Japanese American and one Pan Asian American) dramatically expanded their programs and constructed large new facilities. These culturally specific museums are private nonprofit organizations that are reliant on private donors for most of their financial support. Asian Americans comprise the majority of these Asian American museums’ donor bases. Understanding why donors support these museums may be useful to the museums’ abilities to raise funds.In this thesis I explore the reasons Chinese and Japanese Americans support these culturally specific museums. I used data from my qualitative study involving in-depth interviews of 16 Chinese and Japanese American current and former donors to a Pan Asian culturally specific museum in Seattle, Washington along with interviews of chief executives and other key informants of five other culturally specific museums in addition to primary documents provided by the museums and related secondary information available through the Internet. I also conducted a literature review in the fields of Development Studies, racial and ethnic identity, museology, and philanthropy. While identifying the reasons donors support these culturally specific museums, I also identify the philanthropic priorities and criteria of Chinese and Japanese Americans residing in Seattle and compare them with similar studies of Asian American philanthropy conducted in other cities in the 1990’s. I also examine the roles played by these culturally specific museums in the promotion of social capital, cultural capital and heritage capital in their communities. Chinese and Japanese Americans support these museums to preserve and educate their communities about the contributions their forebears made to the development of the United States. Asian American history has been marginalized in conventional narratives and one mission of the Asian American culturally specific museums is to bring their stories into the American history mainstream. Creating and operating these museums requires substantial networking within the Chinese and Japanese American communities and with other ethnic communities to bring in visitors and obtain financial and other support. The museums promote social capital development through collaboration in the museums’ operations. They increase the communities’ cultural capital by assembling the dispersed cultural and heritage capital of the Chinese and Japanese American communities into curated collections. These Asian American culturally specific museums face challenges stemming from attrition in their donor bases due to age. The museums need to develop activities that attract new supporters who may be mixed race or mixed ethnicity or who are interested in social activism that impacts society. The museums also must create programs that are relevant to younger generations. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for further inquiry into the ways culturally specific museums promote bonding and bridging capital in low and middle class Asian American communities and the degree to which they affect development in their neighbourhoods. Further research into the museums’ educational programs efficacy as they relate to correcting misperceptions about Asian Americans among non-Asian Americans may be desirable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Management perceptions regarding skills shortages in gold mines
- Authors: Xingwana, Lumkwana
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Labor supply--South Africa , Professional employees--South Africa , Occupational training--South Africa , Gold mines and mining--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9279 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007959 , Labor supply--South Africa , Professional employees--South Africa , Occupational training--South Africa , Gold mines and mining--South Africa
- Description: The skills shortages in mining and mineral sector had existed for a decade and had a widespread effect on South Africa economy. It affects the level of economic productivity and reduces the country’s capacity to develop a knowledge society. This, in turn, affects the country’s functioning in the global economy. Despite the sector’s best efforts, the shortages continue to grow and threaten the delivery of projects and growth plans. Some researchers contend with the view that the persistence of skills shortages in mining and mineral sector is largely due to entrenched attitudes among both the industry and the community. They claim that employers have the means to change the educational profile of the subsectors by appointing recruits with higher levels of schooling. However, owing to the limited number of higher educated people living in the communities surrounding the mining operations and lack of interest in mining of people with higher levels of education, to name but few, employers are perceived to have a habit of employing people with little skills. The current study was aimed at investigating the impact of skills shortage on organisational performance, propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability, from the management perceptive. The main objective of this study was to incorporate and embed previous research findings and theories into a comprehensive hypothetical model. A hypothetical model showed various factors that may influence skills shortage. Four independent variables (working environment, employment conditions, resources and education and training) were identified as variables that may influence skills shortage; and mediating variable (skills shortage) was also identified as a variable that have potential to affect dependent variables (organisational performance, propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability) of gold mining sector. Furthermore, eight hypotheses were developed to test the relationship between independent, mediating and dependent variables. All these variables were clearly defined and operationalized with various items obtained from measuring instruments used in other similar studies. A purposive sample of 343 respondents was drawn from the population. A seven-point Likert scale and structured questionnaire were administered in person to the respondents and of which 300 were usable and subjected further to several statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was evaluated using significant effect p< = 0.001 and Pearson’s correlation test (α = 0.05). Data gathered were fed to and analysed by STATISTICA (version 10) and factor analysis and regression analyses were the statistical procedures used to test the significance of the relationships between the various independent and dependent variables. Consequently, working environment, resources and education and training were three independent variables that were identified as having ability to predict propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability. An attempt was made to establish whether various demographic variables have an influence on mediating and dependent variables through the introduction of gender and position in the organisation while conducting an Analysis of Variance and Multiple linear regressions, but they obtained negative values. The conclusion is that demographic variables do not have over mediating and depended variables. The findings of this study states that with conducive working environment, availability of resources, the high levels of education and training, the country could produce skills that would reduce propensity to leave, drive competitive advantage and sustainability, innovation and entrepreneurship, create competitive advantages and boost employment sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Xingwana, Lumkwana
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Labor supply--South Africa , Professional employees--South Africa , Occupational training--South Africa , Gold mines and mining--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9279 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007959 , Labor supply--South Africa , Professional employees--South Africa , Occupational training--South Africa , Gold mines and mining--South Africa
- Description: The skills shortages in mining and mineral sector had existed for a decade and had a widespread effect on South Africa economy. It affects the level of economic productivity and reduces the country’s capacity to develop a knowledge society. This, in turn, affects the country’s functioning in the global economy. Despite the sector’s best efforts, the shortages continue to grow and threaten the delivery of projects and growth plans. Some researchers contend with the view that the persistence of skills shortages in mining and mineral sector is largely due to entrenched attitudes among both the industry and the community. They claim that employers have the means to change the educational profile of the subsectors by appointing recruits with higher levels of schooling. However, owing to the limited number of higher educated people living in the communities surrounding the mining operations and lack of interest in mining of people with higher levels of education, to name but few, employers are perceived to have a habit of employing people with little skills. The current study was aimed at investigating the impact of skills shortage on organisational performance, propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability, from the management perceptive. The main objective of this study was to incorporate and embed previous research findings and theories into a comprehensive hypothetical model. A hypothetical model showed various factors that may influence skills shortage. Four independent variables (working environment, employment conditions, resources and education and training) were identified as variables that may influence skills shortage; and mediating variable (skills shortage) was also identified as a variable that have potential to affect dependent variables (organisational performance, propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability) of gold mining sector. Furthermore, eight hypotheses were developed to test the relationship between independent, mediating and dependent variables. All these variables were clearly defined and operationalized with various items obtained from measuring instruments used in other similar studies. A purposive sample of 343 respondents was drawn from the population. A seven-point Likert scale and structured questionnaire were administered in person to the respondents and of which 300 were usable and subjected further to several statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was evaluated using significant effect p< = 0.001 and Pearson’s correlation test (α = 0.05). Data gathered were fed to and analysed by STATISTICA (version 10) and factor analysis and regression analyses were the statistical procedures used to test the significance of the relationships between the various independent and dependent variables. Consequently, working environment, resources and education and training were three independent variables that were identified as having ability to predict propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability. An attempt was made to establish whether various demographic variables have an influence on mediating and dependent variables through the introduction of gender and position in the organisation while conducting an Analysis of Variance and Multiple linear regressions, but they obtained negative values. The conclusion is that demographic variables do not have over mediating and depended variables. The findings of this study states that with conducive working environment, availability of resources, the high levels of education and training, the country could produce skills that would reduce propensity to leave, drive competitive advantage and sustainability, innovation and entrepreneurship, create competitive advantages and boost employment sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Strategies for the implementation of a total quality management approach for the South African Police Service
- Authors: Wolvaard, Irene Wilhelmina
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Total quality management in government -- South Africa Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa Police administration -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13171 , vital:27158
- Description: This study focussed on drafting a framework for Total Quality Management (TQM) for the South African Police Service (SAPS) in the Eastern Cape as a public non-profit organisation where quality of services is fast becoming a key organisational imperative. The early pioneers of Quality laid the foundation for Total Quality Management (TQM). The literature review highlighted that TQM has its origins in the manufacturing industry where it has a proven track record, and that the theory could be purposely adapted use by a specific industry, i.e. SAPS. This study extends the applicability of the TQM theory to the SAPS by using a mixed method approach to gather information by means of interviews and questionnaires. A combination of primary and secondary data was used in determining the Critical Success Factors (CSF). The Primary CSF’s were originally identified as Leadership, Strategic Management, Empowerment of employees, Teamwork, Continuous improvement, Customer satisfaction and Culture. The Secondary factors were identified as Communication, Training, Partnership development, Support structures, Systems and Resources, Systems thinking, Selfassessment, Processes; Elimination of barriers, Adoption of a Prevention approach and Change management. Data was analysed using frequency and other means, as well as correlation analysis. After the data was analysed two CSF’s were discarded, i.e. Training and Elimination of Barriers. The results show support for the applicability of the theory to the SAPS. Critical Success Factors were determined and a framework for implementation specifically for this industry, was presented. The study identified Leadership as the most important primary factor with the ultimate goal of meeting the quality expectations as defined by the customer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Wolvaard, Irene Wilhelmina
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Total quality management in government -- South Africa Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa Police administration -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13171 , vital:27158
- Description: This study focussed on drafting a framework for Total Quality Management (TQM) for the South African Police Service (SAPS) in the Eastern Cape as a public non-profit organisation where quality of services is fast becoming a key organisational imperative. The early pioneers of Quality laid the foundation for Total Quality Management (TQM). The literature review highlighted that TQM has its origins in the manufacturing industry where it has a proven track record, and that the theory could be purposely adapted use by a specific industry, i.e. SAPS. This study extends the applicability of the TQM theory to the SAPS by using a mixed method approach to gather information by means of interviews and questionnaires. A combination of primary and secondary data was used in determining the Critical Success Factors (CSF). The Primary CSF’s were originally identified as Leadership, Strategic Management, Empowerment of employees, Teamwork, Continuous improvement, Customer satisfaction and Culture. The Secondary factors were identified as Communication, Training, Partnership development, Support structures, Systems and Resources, Systems thinking, Selfassessment, Processes; Elimination of barriers, Adoption of a Prevention approach and Change management. Data was analysed using frequency and other means, as well as correlation analysis. After the data was analysed two CSF’s were discarded, i.e. Training and Elimination of Barriers. The results show support for the applicability of the theory to the SAPS. Critical Success Factors were determined and a framework for implementation specifically for this industry, was presented. The study identified Leadership as the most important primary factor with the ultimate goal of meeting the quality expectations as defined by the customer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Identifying a Successful Accounting Student: Profiling of Postgraduate Accounting Students in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Weldon, Lana Joy
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Personality -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Accounting -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50699 , vital:42343
- Description: Throughput rates and transformation have long been considered major challenges to accounting departments in South Africa. While much research has been done on various aspects of study techniques in an attempt to assist students to succeed, little attention has been paid to profiling students to ascertain whether there are common traits in terms of personality, aptitude, values and motives, which distinguish successful students from others. This study looks at these factors and uses sub-tests of the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), selected with reference to the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) Competency Framework, to determine the correlation between these aptitudes and the success of accounting students. In addition, the impact of biographical data, including gender, race and type of school attended, is considered on the success of the students and the individual sub-tests of aptitude. The study then considers the impact of various personality types, personality traits and values on the success or failure of accounting students, and finally seeks to ascertain whether there is a holistic profile of a student who has a statistically significant chance of succeeding in accounting studies. Results indicate that the sub-tests of aptitude for verbal reasoning and reading comprehension have the most significance in predicting student success and that gender and race have a medium effect. Furthermore, personality types, personality traits and values do not have a significant impact on student success. The only biographical factor to have an impact on success was race. Despite the findings in the individual factors considered, no distinct personality profile of a successful Results indicate that the sub-tests of aptitude for verbal reasoning and reading comprehension have the most significance in predicting student success and that gender and race have a medium effect. Furthermore, personality types, personality traits and values do not have a significant impact on student success. The only biographical factor to have an impact on success was race. Despite the findings in the individual factors considered, no distinct personality profile of a successful accounting student emerged. Future research on the use of literacy competency assessments in the admission requirements for chartered accounting programmes, or to inform student academic support initiatives is recommended. accounting student emerged. Future research on the use of literacy competency assessments in the admission requirements for chartered accounting programmes, or to inform student academic support initiatives is recommended.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Weldon, Lana Joy
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Personality -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Accounting -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50699 , vital:42343
- Description: Throughput rates and transformation have long been considered major challenges to accounting departments in South Africa. While much research has been done on various aspects of study techniques in an attempt to assist students to succeed, little attention has been paid to profiling students to ascertain whether there are common traits in terms of personality, aptitude, values and motives, which distinguish successful students from others. This study looks at these factors and uses sub-tests of the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), selected with reference to the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) Competency Framework, to determine the correlation between these aptitudes and the success of accounting students. In addition, the impact of biographical data, including gender, race and type of school attended, is considered on the success of the students and the individual sub-tests of aptitude. The study then considers the impact of various personality types, personality traits and values on the success or failure of accounting students, and finally seeks to ascertain whether there is a holistic profile of a student who has a statistically significant chance of succeeding in accounting studies. Results indicate that the sub-tests of aptitude for verbal reasoning and reading comprehension have the most significance in predicting student success and that gender and race have a medium effect. Furthermore, personality types, personality traits and values do not have a significant impact on student success. The only biographical factor to have an impact on success was race. Despite the findings in the individual factors considered, no distinct personality profile of a successful Results indicate that the sub-tests of aptitude for verbal reasoning and reading comprehension have the most significance in predicting student success and that gender and race have a medium effect. Furthermore, personality types, personality traits and values do not have a significant impact on student success. The only biographical factor to have an impact on success was race. Despite the findings in the individual factors considered, no distinct personality profile of a successful accounting student emerged. Future research on the use of literacy competency assessments in the admission requirements for chartered accounting programmes, or to inform student academic support initiatives is recommended. accounting student emerged. Future research on the use of literacy competency assessments in the admission requirements for chartered accounting programmes, or to inform student academic support initiatives is recommended.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The influence of diversity management initiatives on business and social outcomes in South African businesses
- Authors: Webber, Zwelibanzi Samson
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Diversity in the workplace -- South Africa , Organizational change -- South Africa Social change -- South Africa Management -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13524 , vital:27217
- Description: Diversity management is of strategic importance in all organisations throughout the world. Its importance is derived from the belief that workplaces by nature consist of diverse employees, who in one way or another are different in terms of race, gender, religion, or any other difference that may have an impact on the business and its employees. The differences among people need to be managed. This study investigated the influence of diversity management initiatives on business and social outcomes in South African businesses. Literature reviews on diversity management and multicultural education in various parts of the world have revealed an impact on the influence of diversity management initiatives on business and social outcomes. However, existing South African literature on diversity management does not conclusively expose the effects of diversity management on business and social outcomes, hence the need for this study. The study was based on a conceptual framework, which included variables on diversity management initiatives, diversity management models, institutional development theory and business and social outcomes. Hypotheses for the study were also developed and tested. In testing the hypotheses, the empirical data collected was subjected to a series of statistical tests, using STATISTICA version 13. MANOVA tests were conducted to determine the existence of differences among variables and the extent to which the variables differed was measured by means of ANOVA tests. Tukey post hoc tests (Tukey HSD) were used to determine practical significance among variables. The study was also subjected to Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis tests to ascertain the existence of relationships between all diversity management initiatives and business and social outcome factors. The analysis was concluded by conducting an exploratory factor analysis. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to confirm or reduce the number of factors and the number of factors was subsequently reduced. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient test was also done for the extracted factors, after which a regressions analysis test was conducted to confirm the existence of relationships between the extracted diversity management initiatives factors and business and social outcomes factors. This formed the basis for the development of a proposed diversity management model. The model of the implementation of diversity management initiatives is an important contribution to the study because it shows the different aspects that guide the process of implementation. The model is based on the implementation of a formal diversity management change strategy and programme of action; employment equity plan and strategy; and the recruitment and empowerment of women and people living with disabilities. The study was not without limitations. Challenges with regard to access to respondents were experienced and this was one of the delays in data collection. Another challenge experienced was that the study did not include qualitative research approaches, which could have been used for in-depth responses. The study provides an important milestone for the use of diversity management initiatives in South African companies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Webber, Zwelibanzi Samson
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Diversity in the workplace -- South Africa , Organizational change -- South Africa Social change -- South Africa Management -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13524 , vital:27217
- Description: Diversity management is of strategic importance in all organisations throughout the world. Its importance is derived from the belief that workplaces by nature consist of diverse employees, who in one way or another are different in terms of race, gender, religion, or any other difference that may have an impact on the business and its employees. The differences among people need to be managed. This study investigated the influence of diversity management initiatives on business and social outcomes in South African businesses. Literature reviews on diversity management and multicultural education in various parts of the world have revealed an impact on the influence of diversity management initiatives on business and social outcomes. However, existing South African literature on diversity management does not conclusively expose the effects of diversity management on business and social outcomes, hence the need for this study. The study was based on a conceptual framework, which included variables on diversity management initiatives, diversity management models, institutional development theory and business and social outcomes. Hypotheses for the study were also developed and tested. In testing the hypotheses, the empirical data collected was subjected to a series of statistical tests, using STATISTICA version 13. MANOVA tests were conducted to determine the existence of differences among variables and the extent to which the variables differed was measured by means of ANOVA tests. Tukey post hoc tests (Tukey HSD) were used to determine practical significance among variables. The study was also subjected to Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis tests to ascertain the existence of relationships between all diversity management initiatives and business and social outcome factors. The analysis was concluded by conducting an exploratory factor analysis. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to confirm or reduce the number of factors and the number of factors was subsequently reduced. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient test was also done for the extracted factors, after which a regressions analysis test was conducted to confirm the existence of relationships between the extracted diversity management initiatives factors and business and social outcomes factors. This formed the basis for the development of a proposed diversity management model. The model of the implementation of diversity management initiatives is an important contribution to the study because it shows the different aspects that guide the process of implementation. The model is based on the implementation of a formal diversity management change strategy and programme of action; employment equity plan and strategy; and the recruitment and empowerment of women and people living with disabilities. The study was not without limitations. Challenges with regard to access to respondents were experienced and this was one of the delays in data collection. Another challenge experienced was that the study did not include qualitative research approaches, which could have been used for in-depth responses. The study provides an important milestone for the use of diversity management initiatives in South African companies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The impact of government expenditure on economic growth of the economic community of West African states (ECOWAS)
- Authors: Wanjuu, Lazarus Zungwe
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Economic development -- Africa Africa -- Economic conditions Developing countries -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13261 , vital:27169
- Description: Available statistics on growth trends in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are wanting, particularly net per capita growth rates. The analysis of available data from 1970 to 2012 by this study, for instance, shows that the net real GDP growth rate for the ECOWAS is 0.52%. Only four countries had net growth rates above 1% per annum mean growth rate of ECOWAS region. At the estimated growth rate, the prospect of accelerated growth in ECOWAS is very weak. The Barro endogenous growth model states that government provision of services can generate externalities to the private productive activities. Government’s provision of productive services in ECOWAS can ensure long-run per capita output growth without the per capita growth rate running into steady state growth. However, there are divergent views as to whether government provision of services induces long run economic growth. These views are based on different schools of thought. For instance, the economic freedom school argues for minimum government involvement (small governments) to ensure economic and political freedom to induce private investors invest and encourage economic growth. The optimal government school of thought (medium size governments) argues that government spending enhances private productivity growth through the provision of infrastructure, spending on research and development, public education, sewage, other public goods and protection through functional law and order systems. The optimal school of thought also acknowledges that government expenditure can also reduce economic growth through increases in taxation. An increase in taxation reduces the returns on investment of physical and human capital and in research and development (R&D) of private firms. This thesis investigates the impact of government expenditure on the provision of public services on economic growth in ECOWAS. To assess the impact of government expenditure on the provision of services on economic growth of ECOWAS, this thesis assesses whether the size of government, government expenditure and economic institutions promoted economic growth in ECOWAS. The thesis also determines whether per capita government capital expenditure, per capita government consumption expenditure, per capita private capital stock, per capita manufacturing output, per capita services output and per capita agricultural output have any impact on per capita real GDP growth in ECOWAS. To carry out this study, data were collected from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) database and Transparency International (TI) database. The data used covered the period of 1970 – 2013. The statistical research methods applied are the time-series methods of panel unit root test, panel co-integration test, and panel regression analysis, using both panel OLS regression models and estimation and inferences in co-integrated panel data regression methods. The panel OLS regression models applied are the panel OLS regression; panel fixed effect model (FEM) regression and the panel random effect model (REM) regression. The estimation and inferences in co-integrated panel data regression models applied are panel VEC regression model, panel DOLS regression and panel FMOLS regression. The panel DOLS regression and panel FMOLS regression models do not have an intercept, unlike their pure time-series models, which have intercepted. To ensure that the parameters estimated are reliable, this thesis conducted diagnostic tests to subject the regression result to scrutiny. The estimated panel data regression using panel OLS regression, panel FEM regression and panel REM regression indicate that the results of the estimated parameters were spurious having both autocorrelations and heteroscedasticity. High values of adjusted R-squares that were approaching one and high significant values of t statistics but very low values of Durbin-Watson Statistics demonstrated the existence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in residuals. The results of the diagnostic tests also show that the DOLS estimated regression model out-performed both VEC and FMOLS regression models based on both aggregate data and per capita data estimated parameters. The results of the parameter estimated using panel VEC and panel FMOLS regression models showed that both panel VEC and panel FMOLS regression models had the problems of their residuals having not only autocorrelations but heteroscedasticity. The panel DOLS regression results were satisfactory, having no multicollinearity, autocorrelations and heteroscedasticity. The estimated panel DOLS regression results were applied to test hypotheses formulated to guide this thesis. Results from panel DOLS estimated parameters show that the existing government size in ECOWAS stimulated economic growth. The results also showed that the government expenditure exhibited an inverted U-shape with respect to economic growth. The thesis also showed that existing government size in ECOWAS significantly stimulated economic growth in the region. The results of regression indicate that economic institutions contribute negatively to the economic growth of the ECOWAS. The results also established that government capital expenditure per capita has significantly engendered economic growth. Government consumption expenditure per capita stimulated economic growth. However, private capital stock per capita has not stimulated economic growth in ECOWAS. Service sector output per capita, agricultural output per capita and manufacturing output per capita stimulated significantly economic growth in the ECOWAS sub-region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Wanjuu, Lazarus Zungwe
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Economic development -- Africa Africa -- Economic conditions Developing countries -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13261 , vital:27169
- Description: Available statistics on growth trends in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are wanting, particularly net per capita growth rates. The analysis of available data from 1970 to 2012 by this study, for instance, shows that the net real GDP growth rate for the ECOWAS is 0.52%. Only four countries had net growth rates above 1% per annum mean growth rate of ECOWAS region. At the estimated growth rate, the prospect of accelerated growth in ECOWAS is very weak. The Barro endogenous growth model states that government provision of services can generate externalities to the private productive activities. Government’s provision of productive services in ECOWAS can ensure long-run per capita output growth without the per capita growth rate running into steady state growth. However, there are divergent views as to whether government provision of services induces long run economic growth. These views are based on different schools of thought. For instance, the economic freedom school argues for minimum government involvement (small governments) to ensure economic and political freedom to induce private investors invest and encourage economic growth. The optimal government school of thought (medium size governments) argues that government spending enhances private productivity growth through the provision of infrastructure, spending on research and development, public education, sewage, other public goods and protection through functional law and order systems. The optimal school of thought also acknowledges that government expenditure can also reduce economic growth through increases in taxation. An increase in taxation reduces the returns on investment of physical and human capital and in research and development (R&D) of private firms. This thesis investigates the impact of government expenditure on the provision of public services on economic growth in ECOWAS. To assess the impact of government expenditure on the provision of services on economic growth of ECOWAS, this thesis assesses whether the size of government, government expenditure and economic institutions promoted economic growth in ECOWAS. The thesis also determines whether per capita government capital expenditure, per capita government consumption expenditure, per capita private capital stock, per capita manufacturing output, per capita services output and per capita agricultural output have any impact on per capita real GDP growth in ECOWAS. To carry out this study, data were collected from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) database and Transparency International (TI) database. The data used covered the period of 1970 – 2013. The statistical research methods applied are the time-series methods of panel unit root test, panel co-integration test, and panel regression analysis, using both panel OLS regression models and estimation and inferences in co-integrated panel data regression methods. The panel OLS regression models applied are the panel OLS regression; panel fixed effect model (FEM) regression and the panel random effect model (REM) regression. The estimation and inferences in co-integrated panel data regression models applied are panel VEC regression model, panel DOLS regression and panel FMOLS regression. The panel DOLS regression and panel FMOLS regression models do not have an intercept, unlike their pure time-series models, which have intercepted. To ensure that the parameters estimated are reliable, this thesis conducted diagnostic tests to subject the regression result to scrutiny. The estimated panel data regression using panel OLS regression, panel FEM regression and panel REM regression indicate that the results of the estimated parameters were spurious having both autocorrelations and heteroscedasticity. High values of adjusted R-squares that were approaching one and high significant values of t statistics but very low values of Durbin-Watson Statistics demonstrated the existence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in residuals. The results of the diagnostic tests also show that the DOLS estimated regression model out-performed both VEC and FMOLS regression models based on both aggregate data and per capita data estimated parameters. The results of the parameter estimated using panel VEC and panel FMOLS regression models showed that both panel VEC and panel FMOLS regression models had the problems of their residuals having not only autocorrelations but heteroscedasticity. The panel DOLS regression results were satisfactory, having no multicollinearity, autocorrelations and heteroscedasticity. The estimated panel DOLS regression results were applied to test hypotheses formulated to guide this thesis. Results from panel DOLS estimated parameters show that the existing government size in ECOWAS stimulated economic growth. The results also showed that the government expenditure exhibited an inverted U-shape with respect to economic growth. The thesis also showed that existing government size in ECOWAS significantly stimulated economic growth in the region. The results of regression indicate that economic institutions contribute negatively to the economic growth of the ECOWAS. The results also established that government capital expenditure per capita has significantly engendered economic growth. Government consumption expenditure per capita stimulated economic growth. However, private capital stock per capita has not stimulated economic growth in ECOWAS. Service sector output per capita, agricultural output per capita and manufacturing output per capita stimulated significantly economic growth in the ECOWAS sub-region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Model for the alleviation of poverty in South Africa
- Authors: Visagie, Jana
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa , Poverty -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45701 , vital:38956
- Description: The existence of extreme poverty in an affluent world is morally unacceptable and action needs to be taken. The reduction of economic and social inequality within countries and between countries, as well as the honouring of human rights, is of utmost importance, but the eradication of poverty must take priority One of the main problems with poverty is that poverty impedes human flourishing). People are hungry and constantly live in pain and anguish while education is hampered. People do not develop fully on cognitive and physical levels as poverty allows the exploitation of the poor and their bodies. Feelings of shame and worthlessness are established for reasons people cannot control. To contribute to the ongoing attempts to reduce poverty, it is necessary to have an understanding as to why people remain poor in an affluent world and what can be done to address the causes of poverty. Unless a global culture of ethics and value alignment is pursued for the reduction of poverty, there will be devastating effects for the future Underwriting lasting escapes from chronic poverty demands more investment in education, employment and human development potentials and in the related infrastructure that permits people to enhance their living standards while developing their resilience to handle setbacks and the effects of climate change.ffects include, for example, disaster-risk management, global healthcare and social cohesion. These investment efforts 9 have the ability to generate a virtuous cycle of poverty reduction, national economic growth and enlarged individual opportunity This could diminish the inequalities that decelerate human development. The lack of practical and outcome-based poverty reduction models affords this research with a unique opportunity to fulfil the need and to contribute to the body of knowledge regarding the reduction of poverty towards 2030.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Visagie, Jana
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa , Poverty -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45701 , vital:38956
- Description: The existence of extreme poverty in an affluent world is morally unacceptable and action needs to be taken. The reduction of economic and social inequality within countries and between countries, as well as the honouring of human rights, is of utmost importance, but the eradication of poverty must take priority One of the main problems with poverty is that poverty impedes human flourishing). People are hungry and constantly live in pain and anguish while education is hampered. People do not develop fully on cognitive and physical levels as poverty allows the exploitation of the poor and their bodies. Feelings of shame and worthlessness are established for reasons people cannot control. To contribute to the ongoing attempts to reduce poverty, it is necessary to have an understanding as to why people remain poor in an affluent world and what can be done to address the causes of poverty. Unless a global culture of ethics and value alignment is pursued for the reduction of poverty, there will be devastating effects for the future Underwriting lasting escapes from chronic poverty demands more investment in education, employment and human development potentials and in the related infrastructure that permits people to enhance their living standards while developing their resilience to handle setbacks and the effects of climate change.ffects include, for example, disaster-risk management, global healthcare and social cohesion. These investment efforts 9 have the ability to generate a virtuous cycle of poverty reduction, national economic growth and enlarged individual opportunity This could diminish the inequalities that decelerate human development. The lack of practical and outcome-based poverty reduction models affords this research with a unique opportunity to fulfil the need and to contribute to the body of knowledge regarding the reduction of poverty towards 2030.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Individual-related factors influencing knowledge-sharing intention in knowledge-intensive businesses
- Authors: Van Greunen, Conrad
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Knowledge management Intellectual capital -- Management , Management -- Information services Organizational learning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21274 , vital:29469
- Description: It has become generally accepted to refer to today‟s global economy as a knowledge-based economy, since knowledge has increasingly become the resource, instead of a resource for wealth creation. The ability of businesses to harness the potential of intangible assets such as knowledge has become far more decisive than their ability to manage physical assets. In the implementation of knowledge management activities, knowledge sharing is recognised as an integral task and key enabler of knowledge management. Although knowledge sharing is regarded as one of the most crucial factors in the effective management of knowledge, in knowledge-intensive businesses in particular, it has also been established that most employees are reluctant to share knowledge. Research further confirms that the factors that promote or discourage knowledge-sharing behaviour in businesses are poorly understood and that knowledge management systems fail as a result of the misunderstanding of individual characteristics that could influence knowledge sharing. Moreover, the focus of knowledge-sharing literature, in terms of the unit of analysis, is rarely at an individual/micro level, although the role of individuals in the knowledge-sharing process is critical as tacit knowledge resides within the individual and knowledge sharing starts with individuals. Given the importance of understanding knowledge sharing of individuals in knowledge-intensive businesses – but noting the lack of existing systematic, integrated research that focuses on individual-related factors influencing knowledge sharing – the purpose of this study was to fill the gap in the current literature. As such, the primary objective of this research was to identify and empirically investigate the individual-related factors influencing the Knowledge-sharing intention of individual employees in knowledge-intensive businesses. The literature review revealed twelve constructs, namely Individuals’ awareness, Intrinsic motivation, Extrinsic motivation, Transactional psychological contract breach, Relational psychological contract breach, Relationship conflict, Task conflict, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness to experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness that could influence the dependent variable Knowledge-sharing intention in knowledge-intensive businesses. Various moderating relationships between the dependent and independent variables were also proposed, while seven demographic variables (Age, Gender, Language, Highest qualification, Ethnic background, Organisational tenure and Job tenure of the respondent) were identified as potential control variables. Each construct in the hypothesised model of individual-related factors influencing Knowledge-sharing intention was defined and operationalised using items sourced from validated measuring instruments in previous studies. Several self-generated items based on secondary sources were also formulated. A structured questionnaire was made available to respondents identified by means of the convenience sampling technique, and the data collected from 597 usable questionnaires was subjected to various statistical analyses. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted which confirmed the unique factors present in the data, and Cronbach-alpha coefficients were calculated to confirm the reliability of the measuring instrument. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was the main statistical procedure used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the various independent and dependent variables. A subset of SEM, namely general linear modelling (GLM) was used to determine the influence of selected demographic variables on Knowledge-sharing intention and to assess various moderating relationships as proposed in the hypothesised model. The main findings of this study were that personality traits are strong predictors of individual employees‟ willingness to share knowledge, and that the maturity of individuals, in terms of realising the significance and value of sharing their knowledge with others, and in recognising the intrinsic benefits of sharing, influence Knowledge-sharing intention. The main limitations of the study were the use of a convenience sampling technique to collect the data, as well as the dependence of self-report by respondents, which could lead to response bias. This study has added to the body of knowledge management research, in particular knowledge-sharing research, by investigating selected individual-related factors influencing the Knowledge-sharing intention of individuals in a particular subset of businesses, namely knowledge-intensive businesses, and focusing on a particular type of knowledge, namely tacit knowledge. From a business‟s perspective, this study offers recommendations and suggestions for managing these individual-related factors in such a way as to increase knowledge sharing among employees, and as a result, the effectiveness and competitive advantage of knowledge-intensive businesses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Individual-related factors influencing knowledge-sharing intention in knowledge-intensive businesses
- Authors: Van Greunen, Conrad
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Knowledge management Intellectual capital -- Management , Management -- Information services Organizational learning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21274 , vital:29469
- Description: It has become generally accepted to refer to today‟s global economy as a knowledge-based economy, since knowledge has increasingly become the resource, instead of a resource for wealth creation. The ability of businesses to harness the potential of intangible assets such as knowledge has become far more decisive than their ability to manage physical assets. In the implementation of knowledge management activities, knowledge sharing is recognised as an integral task and key enabler of knowledge management. Although knowledge sharing is regarded as one of the most crucial factors in the effective management of knowledge, in knowledge-intensive businesses in particular, it has also been established that most employees are reluctant to share knowledge. Research further confirms that the factors that promote or discourage knowledge-sharing behaviour in businesses are poorly understood and that knowledge management systems fail as a result of the misunderstanding of individual characteristics that could influence knowledge sharing. Moreover, the focus of knowledge-sharing literature, in terms of the unit of analysis, is rarely at an individual/micro level, although the role of individuals in the knowledge-sharing process is critical as tacit knowledge resides within the individual and knowledge sharing starts with individuals. Given the importance of understanding knowledge sharing of individuals in knowledge-intensive businesses – but noting the lack of existing systematic, integrated research that focuses on individual-related factors influencing knowledge sharing – the purpose of this study was to fill the gap in the current literature. As such, the primary objective of this research was to identify and empirically investigate the individual-related factors influencing the Knowledge-sharing intention of individual employees in knowledge-intensive businesses. The literature review revealed twelve constructs, namely Individuals’ awareness, Intrinsic motivation, Extrinsic motivation, Transactional psychological contract breach, Relational psychological contract breach, Relationship conflict, Task conflict, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness to experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness that could influence the dependent variable Knowledge-sharing intention in knowledge-intensive businesses. Various moderating relationships between the dependent and independent variables were also proposed, while seven demographic variables (Age, Gender, Language, Highest qualification, Ethnic background, Organisational tenure and Job tenure of the respondent) were identified as potential control variables. Each construct in the hypothesised model of individual-related factors influencing Knowledge-sharing intention was defined and operationalised using items sourced from validated measuring instruments in previous studies. Several self-generated items based on secondary sources were also formulated. A structured questionnaire was made available to respondents identified by means of the convenience sampling technique, and the data collected from 597 usable questionnaires was subjected to various statistical analyses. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted which confirmed the unique factors present in the data, and Cronbach-alpha coefficients were calculated to confirm the reliability of the measuring instrument. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was the main statistical procedure used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the various independent and dependent variables. A subset of SEM, namely general linear modelling (GLM) was used to determine the influence of selected demographic variables on Knowledge-sharing intention and to assess various moderating relationships as proposed in the hypothesised model. The main findings of this study were that personality traits are strong predictors of individual employees‟ willingness to share knowledge, and that the maturity of individuals, in terms of realising the significance and value of sharing their knowledge with others, and in recognising the intrinsic benefits of sharing, influence Knowledge-sharing intention. The main limitations of the study were the use of a convenience sampling technique to collect the data, as well as the dependence of self-report by respondents, which could lead to response bias. This study has added to the body of knowledge management research, in particular knowledge-sharing research, by investigating selected individual-related factors influencing the Knowledge-sharing intention of individuals in a particular subset of businesses, namely knowledge-intensive businesses, and focusing on a particular type of knowledge, namely tacit knowledge. From a business‟s perspective, this study offers recommendations and suggestions for managing these individual-related factors in such a way as to increase knowledge sharing among employees, and as a result, the effectiveness and competitive advantage of knowledge-intensive businesses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Perceived value creation in technology-based entrepreneurial businesses
- Van den Heever, Thomas Stanley
- Authors: Van den Heever, Thomas Stanley
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: New business enterprises , Entrepreneurship , Technological innovations -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9329 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021047
- Description: Small entrepreneurial businesses are widely regarded as important contributors to the economic well-being of countries all over the world as they create value for both the entrepreneur and the economy in which they operate. The value creation process in these businesses often differs from what commonly happens in larger established businesses. Resources available to the entrepreneur are normally much more restricted and decisions are often based on limited information. This thesis focuses on the value that is created by technology-based entrepreneurial businesses, the leveraging of limited resources and the decision-making orientation they adopt during this process. Given the importance of technology-based entrepreneurial businesses in contributing to economic growth and job creation in most global economies, as well as the limited previous research conducted amongst these businesses, the purpose of this study was to identify the human and social capital factors influencing value creation in technology-based entrepreneurial businesses. With this purpose in mind, the primary objective was to identify, investigate and empirically test the relationships between the various identified factors and Perceived value creation in technology-based entrepreneurial businesses, taking into account their decision-making orientation, as well as the uncertain environment under which they operate. This study uses the Resource-Based View of the business as the basis of its theoretical orientation. The literature review revealed five main categories of constructs, namely Knowledge and skills, Experience, Networks, Decision-making orientation and Perceived environmental uncertainty influencing the dependent variable Perceived value creation in technology-based entrepreneurial businesses. Knowledge and skills, Experience and Networks were identified as independent variables while Decision-making orientation was identified as the mediating variable and Perceived environmental uncertainty as the moderating variable. Six demographic variables (type of industry, age of business, number of employees, age of entrepreneur, academic qualifications of entrepreneur and the number of previous businesses started by the entrepreneur) were also identified as potential influencing factors. Various hypotheses were formulated to be tested during the empirical investigation. Each construct was clearly defined and then operationalised. Operationalisation was done by using reliable and valid items sourced from tested measuring instruments used in previous studies, as well as a number of self-generated items based on secondary sources. A structured questionnaire was made available to respondents identified by means of the convenience snowball sampling technique, and the data collected from 313 usable questionnaires was subjected to various statistical analyses. An Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) was conducted which confirmed the different variables, and Cronbach-alpha coefficients were calculated to confirm the reliability of the measuring instrument. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was the main statistical procedure used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the various independent, mediating, moderating and dependent variables. A number of different models were tested, and the results discussed and explained. The main finding of the study was that technology-based entrepreneurial business can create financial and non-financial value by adopting a decision-making orientation in the business of co-creating the future with other stakeholders. The most important human and social capital factors that influence the decision-making orientation of these businesses are Knowledge and skills, Unstructured networks and Structured networks. The main limitations of the study were firstly the convenience snowball sampling technique used to collect responses, secondly the dependence of reporting on organisation issues by individuals, and thirdly the limited number of influencing factors included in the models. Future research should address these limitations, and could include qualitative analyses. This study has added to the empirical body of knowledge on entrepreneurship research by investigating a particularly important segment of the literature, namely technology-based entrepreneurial businesses. By identifying and developing various models that outline the most significant factors that influence perceived value creation in technology-based entrepreneurial businesses, this study offers recommendations and suggestions for managing these businesses in such a way as to improve the creation of financial and non-financial value in them. It further provides recommendations for business teaching programmes to enhance curriculums by focusing on alternatives to the format of formal business planning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Van den Heever, Thomas Stanley
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: New business enterprises , Entrepreneurship , Technological innovations -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9329 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021047
- Description: Small entrepreneurial businesses are widely regarded as important contributors to the economic well-being of countries all over the world as they create value for both the entrepreneur and the economy in which they operate. The value creation process in these businesses often differs from what commonly happens in larger established businesses. Resources available to the entrepreneur are normally much more restricted and decisions are often based on limited information. This thesis focuses on the value that is created by technology-based entrepreneurial businesses, the leveraging of limited resources and the decision-making orientation they adopt during this process. Given the importance of technology-based entrepreneurial businesses in contributing to economic growth and job creation in most global economies, as well as the limited previous research conducted amongst these businesses, the purpose of this study was to identify the human and social capital factors influencing value creation in technology-based entrepreneurial businesses. With this purpose in mind, the primary objective was to identify, investigate and empirically test the relationships between the various identified factors and Perceived value creation in technology-based entrepreneurial businesses, taking into account their decision-making orientation, as well as the uncertain environment under which they operate. This study uses the Resource-Based View of the business as the basis of its theoretical orientation. The literature review revealed five main categories of constructs, namely Knowledge and skills, Experience, Networks, Decision-making orientation and Perceived environmental uncertainty influencing the dependent variable Perceived value creation in technology-based entrepreneurial businesses. Knowledge and skills, Experience and Networks were identified as independent variables while Decision-making orientation was identified as the mediating variable and Perceived environmental uncertainty as the moderating variable. Six demographic variables (type of industry, age of business, number of employees, age of entrepreneur, academic qualifications of entrepreneur and the number of previous businesses started by the entrepreneur) were also identified as potential influencing factors. Various hypotheses were formulated to be tested during the empirical investigation. Each construct was clearly defined and then operationalised. Operationalisation was done by using reliable and valid items sourced from tested measuring instruments used in previous studies, as well as a number of self-generated items based on secondary sources. A structured questionnaire was made available to respondents identified by means of the convenience snowball sampling technique, and the data collected from 313 usable questionnaires was subjected to various statistical analyses. An Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) was conducted which confirmed the different variables, and Cronbach-alpha coefficients were calculated to confirm the reliability of the measuring instrument. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was the main statistical procedure used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the various independent, mediating, moderating and dependent variables. A number of different models were tested, and the results discussed and explained. The main finding of the study was that technology-based entrepreneurial business can create financial and non-financial value by adopting a decision-making orientation in the business of co-creating the future with other stakeholders. The most important human and social capital factors that influence the decision-making orientation of these businesses are Knowledge and skills, Unstructured networks and Structured networks. The main limitations of the study were firstly the convenience snowball sampling technique used to collect responses, secondly the dependence of reporting on organisation issues by individuals, and thirdly the limited number of influencing factors included in the models. Future research should address these limitations, and could include qualitative analyses. This study has added to the empirical body of knowledge on entrepreneurship research by investigating a particularly important segment of the literature, namely technology-based entrepreneurial businesses. By identifying and developing various models that outline the most significant factors that influence perceived value creation in technology-based entrepreneurial businesses, this study offers recommendations and suggestions for managing these businesses in such a way as to improve the creation of financial and non-financial value in them. It further provides recommendations for business teaching programmes to enhance curriculums by focusing on alternatives to the format of formal business planning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Social media reviews to investigate restaurant dinning experiences
- Authors: Van Achterbergh, Leon
- Subjects: Hospitality industry -- Social aspects , Restaurants -- Social aspects , Social media -- Economic aspects , Consumers -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9349 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021126
- Description: Restaurateurs often assume that customers' online reviews of their dining experiences are a reflection of their dining preferences. This study finds this assumption not to be true. Online written reviews do not explain diners’ preferred dining experiences. In this study post-experience reactions captured in reviews are shown to be contextually different to established dining preferences. Results show online reviews to be most important in facilitating customer dining expectations, but not influencing customers’ preferences in dining experiences. Evidence gathered during the secondary research shows that in general, social media has become the great marketing equaliser in commerce. In the dining industry, restaurants cannot solely rely on traditional media in the initial attraction and retention of dining customers. Continuous interaction between the business and customers is increasingly necessary for restaurateurs to remain competitive and in-touch with customers’ needs. This study concentrates its research area on the post-experience evaluation phase as found on review websites, like TripAdvisor. TripAdvisor has especially become a popular means to perpetuate word-of-mouth opinions of dining experiences among prospective customers. Research shows clear evidence of the importance of other's online opinions in the consumer decision-making process. The main variables of the study, namely customer experiences, restaurant dining and social media, are theoretically explored within the disciplines of service management and customer behaviour. These theories have laid a sound foundation for the subsequent research methods followed. The main purpose of the study was using social media reviews from TripAdvisor to investigate dining experiences in the restaurant industry. The outcomes desired were: firstly to advise the restaurant industry about superior customer practices, secondly emphasising the importance for industry of social media use in the dining experience, and thirdly rendering clarification on the experience perceptions of customers about factors that might lead to ‘delight’ and ‘frustration’. This research centralises the constructs of delight and frustration factors, which are typically extremely emotional dining experiences for the customer, that have the common element of surprise. Methodologically, the research required two phases: firstly, the qualitative analysis of online user-generated content by content analysis. The global sample consisted of seven international cities, which included the best, worst and average-rated TripAdvisor restaurant reviews. The content analysis produced the theoretical base for the dining perception variables used in the empirical survey. In the second phase of the study, the global surveys administered resulted in measuring the general public’s perceptions of the delight and frustration factors of dining experiences. Subsequently, the research process required various quantitative data analyses to reach substantial results with inferences. The results and interpreted findings achieved were twofold: Firstly, from the content analysis: customers regard service quality as relatively unimportant in relation to the holistic dining experience. Customers regarded food and beverage quality as crucial in the dining experience. Value for money increasingly becomes an issue as customers become more frustrated, more so than when the dining was generally experienced as pleasant. Secondly, from the empirical data: mood and aesthetics are essential, especially when diners chose between their favourite restaurants. Further results show managing the service basics for restaurants is essential; this included welcoming, professional, attentive and friendly service. Service consistency has also proven to be imperative in customers’ perceptions. Results further show that different nationalities could perceive food quality and service reliability differently. In addition, men and women could perceive food quality, mood and aesthetics, and value for money differently. This study recommends various findings to the restaurant industry: most importantly that the post-experience reviews are contextually different to customers’ dining preferences. The factor determining the reputation of a restaurant is food quality and not so much service quality. Value for money should be associated with a specific service or product feature for it to be of meaningful consequence to the restaurateur.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Achterbergh, Leon
- Subjects: Hospitality industry -- Social aspects , Restaurants -- Social aspects , Social media -- Economic aspects , Consumers -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9349 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021126
- Description: Restaurateurs often assume that customers' online reviews of their dining experiences are a reflection of their dining preferences. This study finds this assumption not to be true. Online written reviews do not explain diners’ preferred dining experiences. In this study post-experience reactions captured in reviews are shown to be contextually different to established dining preferences. Results show online reviews to be most important in facilitating customer dining expectations, but not influencing customers’ preferences in dining experiences. Evidence gathered during the secondary research shows that in general, social media has become the great marketing equaliser in commerce. In the dining industry, restaurants cannot solely rely on traditional media in the initial attraction and retention of dining customers. Continuous interaction between the business and customers is increasingly necessary for restaurateurs to remain competitive and in-touch with customers’ needs. This study concentrates its research area on the post-experience evaluation phase as found on review websites, like TripAdvisor. TripAdvisor has especially become a popular means to perpetuate word-of-mouth opinions of dining experiences among prospective customers. Research shows clear evidence of the importance of other's online opinions in the consumer decision-making process. The main variables of the study, namely customer experiences, restaurant dining and social media, are theoretically explored within the disciplines of service management and customer behaviour. These theories have laid a sound foundation for the subsequent research methods followed. The main purpose of the study was using social media reviews from TripAdvisor to investigate dining experiences in the restaurant industry. The outcomes desired were: firstly to advise the restaurant industry about superior customer practices, secondly emphasising the importance for industry of social media use in the dining experience, and thirdly rendering clarification on the experience perceptions of customers about factors that might lead to ‘delight’ and ‘frustration’. This research centralises the constructs of delight and frustration factors, which are typically extremely emotional dining experiences for the customer, that have the common element of surprise. Methodologically, the research required two phases: firstly, the qualitative analysis of online user-generated content by content analysis. The global sample consisted of seven international cities, which included the best, worst and average-rated TripAdvisor restaurant reviews. The content analysis produced the theoretical base for the dining perception variables used in the empirical survey. In the second phase of the study, the global surveys administered resulted in measuring the general public’s perceptions of the delight and frustration factors of dining experiences. Subsequently, the research process required various quantitative data analyses to reach substantial results with inferences. The results and interpreted findings achieved were twofold: Firstly, from the content analysis: customers regard service quality as relatively unimportant in relation to the holistic dining experience. Customers regarded food and beverage quality as crucial in the dining experience. Value for money increasingly becomes an issue as customers become more frustrated, more so than when the dining was generally experienced as pleasant. Secondly, from the empirical data: mood and aesthetics are essential, especially when diners chose between their favourite restaurants. Further results show managing the service basics for restaurants is essential; this included welcoming, professional, attentive and friendly service. Service consistency has also proven to be imperative in customers’ perceptions. Results further show that different nationalities could perceive food quality and service reliability differently. In addition, men and women could perceive food quality, mood and aesthetics, and value for money differently. This study recommends various findings to the restaurant industry: most importantly that the post-experience reviews are contextually different to customers’ dining preferences. The factor determining the reputation of a restaurant is food quality and not so much service quality. Value for money should be associated with a specific service or product feature for it to be of meaningful consequence to the restaurateur.
- Full Text:
Customer relationship management in small to medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs) in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Vallabh, Dinesh
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Customer relations -- Management , Small business -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Tourism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9322 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020797
- Description: The role of entrepreneurship in small to medium tourism enterprises is well recognised and acknowledged as a significant contributor to economic development and employment opportunities. Worldwide, small to medium tourism enterprises play a dominant role in the tourism industry. These businesses are often vulnerable to external economic forces and find it increasingly difficult to transform their strategic and operational management to face the challenges placed upon them. This study focuses on small to medium tourism enterprises in the Eastern Cape Province, which is economically the poorest province of South Africa. To ensure the growth and sustainability of small to medium tourism enterprises, owners need to make efficient and effective business decisions regarding the challenges their businesses face. The study examines the factors impacting customer relationship management in the context of small to medium tourism enterprises in the Eastern Cape. Customer relationship management, that is, building relationships with customers, has become of pivotal importance to many organisations as businesses strive to be competitive and profitable. While large organisations practice customer relationship management to enable them to better target profitable customers, improve customer services, enhance customer retention and ultimately improve business performance, small businesses often need assistance in understanding and effecting this complex relationship. The factors that could impact customer relationship management in the organisations are the focus of this study. Three major factors were identified, namely, strategic, operational, and organisational factors. The study furthermore examined the extent to which these factors are present in the tourism and hospitality sector of the Eastern Cape and investigated the relationships between these factors. Quantitative research was deemed appropriate for this study. Systematic random sampling was employed to select a sample of 332 respondent organisations from the 2012 database of the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency consisting of formally registered small to medium tourism enterprises. A total of 310 usable questionnaires were finally obtained. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the study. Descriptive statistics were computed to reflect the organisations‟ and respondent managers‟ general characteristics and to summarise their measurement scores. Using inferential statistics, the study further investigated relationships between customer relationship management factors, as well as demographic factors. Data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis and both the validity (refer to section 2.10.1) and reliability (refer to section 2.10.2) of the research instrument was assessed. The relationships between customer relationship management variables were also investigated (refer to section 2.11.4). The research results support an overall significant association between customer relationship management readiness and business strategy, customer strategy, touch points and competencies, skills and technology. Relationships were also explored among customer relationship management factors and demographic characteristics. Significant results were found between perceived business performance and the gender of managers, family businesses and gross annual turnover. The most salient contributions of this research can be summarised as follows. The overview of the importance of tourism and the role of small to medium enterprises in the tourism and hospitality industry of the Eastern Cape will benefit researchers and potential owners who have an interest in this sector. The study contributes to an improved understanding of the factors that should precede customer relationship management. The study established a profile of the small to medium tourism enterprises in the Eastern Cape which can serve as a basis for future research. A measuring instrument for assessing respondents‟ views on the existence of the strategic, operational and organisational factors in their organisations was developed. This instrument showed good internal validity and reliability and can serve as a basis for the same purpose in contexts other than the tourism and hospitality sector. This research has made a contribution toward a largely under-researched area concerning customer relationship management in small to medium enterprises. Recommendations for managers and consideration of future research included the following. Managers need to have a strategic vision and a strong customer-centric focus. Through understanding customers and their needs, offerings can be tailored to maximize the overall value of customers, thereby, improving business performance. Through efficient operational processes in place, enhanced customer service levels can be attained in the organisations. Managers need to effectively manage customer information through data warehousing and technology. Top management commitment is a crucial element for ensuring improved customer services. Managers need to train staff with respect to customer services, thus enhancing CRM. Future researchers can conduct a longitudinal study and investigate the same factors which could impact customer relationship management. A verification of the usefulness of the measuring instrument in examining the determinants of customer relationship management and the level of development regarding other small businesses is suggested. It is recommended that this study be replicated abroad in an effort to verify to what extent the determinants of customer relationship management are evident in small businesses of other countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Vallabh, Dinesh
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Customer relations -- Management , Small business -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Tourism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9322 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020797
- Description: The role of entrepreneurship in small to medium tourism enterprises is well recognised and acknowledged as a significant contributor to economic development and employment opportunities. Worldwide, small to medium tourism enterprises play a dominant role in the tourism industry. These businesses are often vulnerable to external economic forces and find it increasingly difficult to transform their strategic and operational management to face the challenges placed upon them. This study focuses on small to medium tourism enterprises in the Eastern Cape Province, which is economically the poorest province of South Africa. To ensure the growth and sustainability of small to medium tourism enterprises, owners need to make efficient and effective business decisions regarding the challenges their businesses face. The study examines the factors impacting customer relationship management in the context of small to medium tourism enterprises in the Eastern Cape. Customer relationship management, that is, building relationships with customers, has become of pivotal importance to many organisations as businesses strive to be competitive and profitable. While large organisations practice customer relationship management to enable them to better target profitable customers, improve customer services, enhance customer retention and ultimately improve business performance, small businesses often need assistance in understanding and effecting this complex relationship. The factors that could impact customer relationship management in the organisations are the focus of this study. Three major factors were identified, namely, strategic, operational, and organisational factors. The study furthermore examined the extent to which these factors are present in the tourism and hospitality sector of the Eastern Cape and investigated the relationships between these factors. Quantitative research was deemed appropriate for this study. Systematic random sampling was employed to select a sample of 332 respondent organisations from the 2012 database of the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency consisting of formally registered small to medium tourism enterprises. A total of 310 usable questionnaires were finally obtained. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the study. Descriptive statistics were computed to reflect the organisations‟ and respondent managers‟ general characteristics and to summarise their measurement scores. Using inferential statistics, the study further investigated relationships between customer relationship management factors, as well as demographic factors. Data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis and both the validity (refer to section 2.10.1) and reliability (refer to section 2.10.2) of the research instrument was assessed. The relationships between customer relationship management variables were also investigated (refer to section 2.11.4). The research results support an overall significant association between customer relationship management readiness and business strategy, customer strategy, touch points and competencies, skills and technology. Relationships were also explored among customer relationship management factors and demographic characteristics. Significant results were found between perceived business performance and the gender of managers, family businesses and gross annual turnover. The most salient contributions of this research can be summarised as follows. The overview of the importance of tourism and the role of small to medium enterprises in the tourism and hospitality industry of the Eastern Cape will benefit researchers and potential owners who have an interest in this sector. The study contributes to an improved understanding of the factors that should precede customer relationship management. The study established a profile of the small to medium tourism enterprises in the Eastern Cape which can serve as a basis for future research. A measuring instrument for assessing respondents‟ views on the existence of the strategic, operational and organisational factors in their organisations was developed. This instrument showed good internal validity and reliability and can serve as a basis for the same purpose in contexts other than the tourism and hospitality sector. This research has made a contribution toward a largely under-researched area concerning customer relationship management in small to medium enterprises. Recommendations for managers and consideration of future research included the following. Managers need to have a strategic vision and a strong customer-centric focus. Through understanding customers and their needs, offerings can be tailored to maximize the overall value of customers, thereby, improving business performance. Through efficient operational processes in place, enhanced customer service levels can be attained in the organisations. Managers need to effectively manage customer information through data warehousing and technology. Top management commitment is a crucial element for ensuring improved customer services. Managers need to train staff with respect to customer services, thus enhancing CRM. Future researchers can conduct a longitudinal study and investigate the same factors which could impact customer relationship management. A verification of the usefulness of the measuring instrument in examining the determinants of customer relationship management and the level of development regarding other small businesses is suggested. It is recommended that this study be replicated abroad in an effort to verify to what extent the determinants of customer relationship management are evident in small businesses of other countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Management perceptions regarding privatisation of parastatals in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Tshuma, Edward
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Privatization -- Zimbabwe , Government business enterprises -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9324 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020923
- Description: In recent years the ownership of public organisations has been transferred from government to the private sector through privatisation owing to the poor performance of parastatals. In Zimbabwe, the privatisation of parastatals has been criticised as a result of the approach which has been adopted to privatise them, the transparency and the paceof the privatisation, the factors pushing for privatisation at the expense of local demand as well as the lack of an institutional framework for privatisation. The main objective of this study was to explore management perceptions regarding the privatisation of parastatals in Zimbabwe. This study is based on a combination of theories of privatisation and preceding results of studies looking at privatisation of parastatals in developing and developed countries. The secondary sources were the backbone in the formulation of a theoretical model on the management perceptions of privatisation which was used to guide this study. The extensive literature which was analysed revealed that independent factors such as stakeholder consultation, business conditions, government considerations, institutional framework and management of the privatisation process could influence management perceptions regarding privatisation. Perceptions of privatisation were identified as influencing two dependent variables, economic benefits and organisational performance. The variables of the study were operationalised and the hypotheses which identified relationships between the independent variables and perceptions of privatisation were formulated. Hypotheses in respect of perceptions of privatisation and the dependent variables were also formulated. In this study, a quantitative research approach was adopted as the study sought to investigate the relationships between variables. This study collected data through the use of a structured self-administered survey questionnaire which was distributed to 700 managers of parastatals in Zimbabwe. The parastatals which were used in this study were selected using the simple random sampling method whilst convenience sampling technique was used to select the managers. The survey yielded 301 usable questionnaires which were analysed using several statistical analysis techniques. The major findings of this study show that managers, employees and customers participate during privatisation and that privatisation in Zimbabwe is guided by a formal action plan. The study also showed that parastatals in Zimbabwe operate under stable macroeconomic conditions and that information regarding the bidding process is accessible to all parties. However, the results also showed that, in Zimbabwe privatisation is poorly implemented as a result of lack of structural capacity to enhance privatisation, lack of an autonomous institution to manage and lead the privatisation process. The results also show that privatisation in Zimbabwe lacks credibility as the valuation of organisations and assets is poorly done resulting in organisations being acquired at rates which are below market value. In addition, the results indicate that privatisation has failed to improve organisational performance and to change the management style from being reactive to being proactive. The study also found that privatisation brings about economic benefits such as effective governance and economic empowerment. The study recommends that government should ensure that managers, employees and customers participate in the privatisation process and that privatisation is implemented in a transparent manner so as to have a credible programme and achieve the intended objectives. The study also recommends that government should engage people and institutions which have the capacity to efficiently value the organisations and assets identified for privatisation. In addition, the study recommends that the government should appoint board members who possess the requisite skills and competencies, encourage partnerships between local and foreign investors so as to produce quality products and services as well as economic growth. This study has contributed to the existing body of knowledge by developing a theoretical model which can be utilised in other developing countries to test perceptions regarding the privatisation of parastatals. This study could assist the government, parastatals and other stakeholders by providing feedback regarding the privatisation of parastatals in Zimbabwe, so that remedial action can be implemented where deviations are recorded. The findings of this study could also assist the government of Zimbabwe and also other governments, by providing guidelines which can be adopted to implement a successful privatisation programme. This study provides useful and very practical guidelines to parastatals so as to ensure successful privatisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Tshuma, Edward
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Privatization -- Zimbabwe , Government business enterprises -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9324 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020923
- Description: In recent years the ownership of public organisations has been transferred from government to the private sector through privatisation owing to the poor performance of parastatals. In Zimbabwe, the privatisation of parastatals has been criticised as a result of the approach which has been adopted to privatise them, the transparency and the paceof the privatisation, the factors pushing for privatisation at the expense of local demand as well as the lack of an institutional framework for privatisation. The main objective of this study was to explore management perceptions regarding the privatisation of parastatals in Zimbabwe. This study is based on a combination of theories of privatisation and preceding results of studies looking at privatisation of parastatals in developing and developed countries. The secondary sources were the backbone in the formulation of a theoretical model on the management perceptions of privatisation which was used to guide this study. The extensive literature which was analysed revealed that independent factors such as stakeholder consultation, business conditions, government considerations, institutional framework and management of the privatisation process could influence management perceptions regarding privatisation. Perceptions of privatisation were identified as influencing two dependent variables, economic benefits and organisational performance. The variables of the study were operationalised and the hypotheses which identified relationships between the independent variables and perceptions of privatisation were formulated. Hypotheses in respect of perceptions of privatisation and the dependent variables were also formulated. In this study, a quantitative research approach was adopted as the study sought to investigate the relationships between variables. This study collected data through the use of a structured self-administered survey questionnaire which was distributed to 700 managers of parastatals in Zimbabwe. The parastatals which were used in this study were selected using the simple random sampling method whilst convenience sampling technique was used to select the managers. The survey yielded 301 usable questionnaires which were analysed using several statistical analysis techniques. The major findings of this study show that managers, employees and customers participate during privatisation and that privatisation in Zimbabwe is guided by a formal action plan. The study also showed that parastatals in Zimbabwe operate under stable macroeconomic conditions and that information regarding the bidding process is accessible to all parties. However, the results also showed that, in Zimbabwe privatisation is poorly implemented as a result of lack of structural capacity to enhance privatisation, lack of an autonomous institution to manage and lead the privatisation process. The results also show that privatisation in Zimbabwe lacks credibility as the valuation of organisations and assets is poorly done resulting in organisations being acquired at rates which are below market value. In addition, the results indicate that privatisation has failed to improve organisational performance and to change the management style from being reactive to being proactive. The study also found that privatisation brings about economic benefits such as effective governance and economic empowerment. The study recommends that government should ensure that managers, employees and customers participate in the privatisation process and that privatisation is implemented in a transparent manner so as to have a credible programme and achieve the intended objectives. The study also recommends that government should engage people and institutions which have the capacity to efficiently value the organisations and assets identified for privatisation. In addition, the study recommends that the government should appoint board members who possess the requisite skills and competencies, encourage partnerships between local and foreign investors so as to produce quality products and services as well as economic growth. This study has contributed to the existing body of knowledge by developing a theoretical model which can be utilised in other developing countries to test perceptions regarding the privatisation of parastatals. This study could assist the government, parastatals and other stakeholders by providing feedback regarding the privatisation of parastatals in Zimbabwe, so that remedial action can be implemented where deviations are recorded. The findings of this study could also assist the government of Zimbabwe and also other governments, by providing guidelines which can be adopted to implement a successful privatisation programme. This study provides useful and very practical guidelines to parastatals so as to ensure successful privatisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An HRM model for enhancing psychological capital in South African organisations during a psychological recession
- Theron, Anthonie Van Straaten
- Authors: Theron, Anthonie Van Straaten
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Industrial psychology Personnel management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20823 , vital:29404
- Description: The rationale behind this study was to identify various positive Human Resource Management (HRM) practices that contribute to the development and enhancement of psychological capital (PsyCap) during a psychological recession. A psychological recession, which is defined as a negative cognitive and emotional condition perpetuated by prolonged socio-economic hardships and amplified by the media, (Bardwick, 2008) could negatively affect employees’ PsyCap. While there has been no systematic study of the impact of various HRM practices on PsyCap (Gupta, 2013), a need existed to investigate and formulate best HRM practices for the development of employees’ PsyCap during a psychological recession. Furthermore, this study also aimed to investigate the potential buffering effect of HRM practices on the negative experiences and perceptions associated with a psychological recession. This research study took the form of a quantitative, cross-sectional design, using a composite questionnaire to measure personal vulnerability and exposure to the negative experiences associated with a psychological recession, the organisation’s application of various positive HRM practices, and employees’ levels of PsyCap. The target population consisted of all permanent and contract clinical and support staff employed at 43 fixed Primary Health Care (PHC) clinics situated in the West Rand District Municipality (WRDM) (n = 318). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to determine the factor loadings on the overall scales and based on these factor loadings, main factors were extracted. Reliability analysis indicated that the newly structured measurement instruments would produce consistent results with continued application. The hypotheses were tested through the application of Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM), multiple regression analysis and a one-sample t-test. The empirical results indicated that all respondents included in the study experienced some degree of a psychological recession. Although significant correlations were uncovered between psychological recession and PsyCap, personal exposure and vulnerability with regards to organisational change and psychological uncertainty was identified as a major factor that negatively affected employees’ PsyCap. The inferential results identified competence development practices as a crucial intervention for the enhancement of PsyCap during a psychological recession. Lastly, the inferential results revealed that employee recognition and empowerment are fundamental practices in order to negate the negative impact of a psychological recession. Based on the results of this study, organisations have to proactively respond to a psychological recession by re-evaluating the effectiveness of their HRM actions and practices, in order to effectively enhance and maintain the PsyCap of their employees during a psychological recession.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Theron, Anthonie Van Straaten
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Industrial psychology Personnel management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20823 , vital:29404
- Description: The rationale behind this study was to identify various positive Human Resource Management (HRM) practices that contribute to the development and enhancement of psychological capital (PsyCap) during a psychological recession. A psychological recession, which is defined as a negative cognitive and emotional condition perpetuated by prolonged socio-economic hardships and amplified by the media, (Bardwick, 2008) could negatively affect employees’ PsyCap. While there has been no systematic study of the impact of various HRM practices on PsyCap (Gupta, 2013), a need existed to investigate and formulate best HRM practices for the development of employees’ PsyCap during a psychological recession. Furthermore, this study also aimed to investigate the potential buffering effect of HRM practices on the negative experiences and perceptions associated with a psychological recession. This research study took the form of a quantitative, cross-sectional design, using a composite questionnaire to measure personal vulnerability and exposure to the negative experiences associated with a psychological recession, the organisation’s application of various positive HRM practices, and employees’ levels of PsyCap. The target population consisted of all permanent and contract clinical and support staff employed at 43 fixed Primary Health Care (PHC) clinics situated in the West Rand District Municipality (WRDM) (n = 318). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to determine the factor loadings on the overall scales and based on these factor loadings, main factors were extracted. Reliability analysis indicated that the newly structured measurement instruments would produce consistent results with continued application. The hypotheses were tested through the application of Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM), multiple regression analysis and a one-sample t-test. The empirical results indicated that all respondents included in the study experienced some degree of a psychological recession. Although significant correlations were uncovered between psychological recession and PsyCap, personal exposure and vulnerability with regards to organisational change and psychological uncertainty was identified as a major factor that negatively affected employees’ PsyCap. The inferential results identified competence development practices as a crucial intervention for the enhancement of PsyCap during a psychological recession. Lastly, the inferential results revealed that employee recognition and empowerment are fundamental practices in order to negate the negative impact of a psychological recession. Based on the results of this study, organisations have to proactively respond to a psychological recession by re-evaluating the effectiveness of their HRM actions and practices, in order to effectively enhance and maintain the PsyCap of their employees during a psychological recession.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A framework to implement social entrepreneurship activities in higher education institutions
- Authors: Tai Hing, Paul
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Social entrepreneurship -- Education (Higher) -- South Africa Business enterprises -- Education (Higher) -- South Africa , Social responsibility of business -- Education (Higher) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15923 , vital:28291
- Description: The development of social enterprises are recognised by the broader community as an effective tool for addressing social problems. As a result, the development and emergence of social enterprise sectors have taken various paths in different geographic regions in the world. For the African context, the withdrawal of funding from the state as a result of external conditions imposed by foreign actors as well as the institutional support provided by foreign aid organisations were the key drivers behind the emergence of the social enterprise sector in Africa. Within the South African context, job creation and poverty alleviation are pressing priorities, both politically and economically, so providing an environment that is conducive for the development of social enterprises or social entrepreneurship. Implementing social entrepreneurship activities in higher education is important as universities are under increasing pressure to become responsive to student needs, and there is a growing scrutiny of their engagement, supportive, and economic role in local communities. By supporting local communities, institutions can broaden the student experience and create an economic impact. In addition, as the student experience entails more than curricular learning opportunities, social entrepreneurship practices are an important dimension for higher learning. This study used a series of case studies of social entrepreneurship projects that were implemented in the classroom of the first and second year Management students on the 2nd Avenue Campus of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). These case studies highlighted the possibilities of how classroom space and students can be utilised to set-up social enterprises to improve the conditions of the many disadvantaged and disenfranchised communities within which the university functions. At the same time, learning takes place through the practical application of the theory taught in the classroom. From the seven case studies highlighted in the study, a framework was developed to implement social entrepreneurship activities in the context of higher education. This framework includes five steps, namely, motivation and inspiration to develop social enterprises in the classroom, student involvement in creating and developing a product for sale, use of appropriate teaching strategies to provide the learning experience, provision of adequate mentoring and control of the social enterprises and, finally, assessment of the social enterprises. With the funds generated from the projects, communities benefited, for example, the upgrading of community facilities. Educators in higher education institutions are responsible for developing future business leaders. Given the increasing importance of social issues, especially poverty, this educational experience ensured that the students were made aware of the importance of using the powers yielded by business to solve some of these social issues, and thus contribute to the improvement of the South African economy. As a result, social entrepreneurship has a role to play in addressing social and economic issues. For example, the entrepreneurship part of the business will help to alleviate the unemployment strain placed upon the South African economy, whereas, the social part of the business will assist in alleviating poverty. Regarding the implementation of social entrepreneurship activities within the environment of higher education, it is evident from the case studies that successful social enterprises can be established within the classroom and sufficient funds generated to effect positive change within disadvantaged communities. Other higher education institutions in South Africa may find the implementation of social entrepreneurship activities more problematic as they might not possess a similar university culture as the NMMU.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Tai Hing, Paul
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Social entrepreneurship -- Education (Higher) -- South Africa Business enterprises -- Education (Higher) -- South Africa , Social responsibility of business -- Education (Higher) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15923 , vital:28291
- Description: The development of social enterprises are recognised by the broader community as an effective tool for addressing social problems. As a result, the development and emergence of social enterprise sectors have taken various paths in different geographic regions in the world. For the African context, the withdrawal of funding from the state as a result of external conditions imposed by foreign actors as well as the institutional support provided by foreign aid organisations were the key drivers behind the emergence of the social enterprise sector in Africa. Within the South African context, job creation and poverty alleviation are pressing priorities, both politically and economically, so providing an environment that is conducive for the development of social enterprises or social entrepreneurship. Implementing social entrepreneurship activities in higher education is important as universities are under increasing pressure to become responsive to student needs, and there is a growing scrutiny of their engagement, supportive, and economic role in local communities. By supporting local communities, institutions can broaden the student experience and create an economic impact. In addition, as the student experience entails more than curricular learning opportunities, social entrepreneurship practices are an important dimension for higher learning. This study used a series of case studies of social entrepreneurship projects that were implemented in the classroom of the first and second year Management students on the 2nd Avenue Campus of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). These case studies highlighted the possibilities of how classroom space and students can be utilised to set-up social enterprises to improve the conditions of the many disadvantaged and disenfranchised communities within which the university functions. At the same time, learning takes place through the practical application of the theory taught in the classroom. From the seven case studies highlighted in the study, a framework was developed to implement social entrepreneurship activities in the context of higher education. This framework includes five steps, namely, motivation and inspiration to develop social enterprises in the classroom, student involvement in creating and developing a product for sale, use of appropriate teaching strategies to provide the learning experience, provision of adequate mentoring and control of the social enterprises and, finally, assessment of the social enterprises. With the funds generated from the projects, communities benefited, for example, the upgrading of community facilities. Educators in higher education institutions are responsible for developing future business leaders. Given the increasing importance of social issues, especially poverty, this educational experience ensured that the students were made aware of the importance of using the powers yielded by business to solve some of these social issues, and thus contribute to the improvement of the South African economy. As a result, social entrepreneurship has a role to play in addressing social and economic issues. For example, the entrepreneurship part of the business will help to alleviate the unemployment strain placed upon the South African economy, whereas, the social part of the business will assist in alleviating poverty. Regarding the implementation of social entrepreneurship activities within the environment of higher education, it is evident from the case studies that successful social enterprises can be established within the classroom and sufficient funds generated to effect positive change within disadvantaged communities. Other higher education institutions in South Africa may find the implementation of social entrepreneurship activities more problematic as they might not possess a similar university culture as the NMMU.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Accountability deficits in local government in South Africa: implications for social and economic development
- Authors: Sepogwane, Pheladi
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Budget deficits -- South Africa , Local government -- South Africa Local government -- South Africa -- Evaluation South Africa -- Economic conditions Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43424 , vital:36879
- Description: Local government faces require that spheres of government provide accountable, effective, transparent, and good governance. Yet local government face challenges that compel a need for mechanisms that will improve the accountability and effective management of municipal resources. There have been concerns among scholars that development is not being coordinated by an evenly powerful formation of fitting accountability regimes (Abata, 2012; Adenuga, 2013). For this reason, the study aims to investigate to what degree and how trends towards local government policymaking and implementation have been matched by correspondent changes and innovations in accountability regimes and practices. In keeping with the distinctions made above, it undertakes research on accountability practices in two domains of politics. It entails a systematic comparative empirical research on accountability regimes surrounding: the municipal mayors, committees and managers in regular policymaking, implementation and crisis management; evaluating the effectiveness of accountability regimes as catalysts of development programmes. The Researcher observed growing concerns on the issues of accountability. Hence an exploratory study on the issue based on qualitative research methodology was undertaken. The method of research is comprised of a case study, observation and interviews that were conducted. The accountability systems that were examined include the political, bureaucratic and professional accountability systems. Yet the two accountability mechanisms that were designed highlight the challenges in the dominance, abuse of powers, non-compliance with the code of conduct, the lack of exemplary behaviour and accountability deficits. The major conclusion that is drawn from the research study is that a multi-dimensional is required to ensure effective accountability systems in municipalities. The recommendations include the enforcement of the legal instruments, codes of conduct; the impartial prosecution of violators; implementing effective policies on training and personnel management and encouraging associations and stakeholders to play a catalytic role in enforcing accountability in municipalities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Sepogwane, Pheladi
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Budget deficits -- South Africa , Local government -- South Africa Local government -- South Africa -- Evaluation South Africa -- Economic conditions Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43424 , vital:36879
- Description: Local government faces require that spheres of government provide accountable, effective, transparent, and good governance. Yet local government face challenges that compel a need for mechanisms that will improve the accountability and effective management of municipal resources. There have been concerns among scholars that development is not being coordinated by an evenly powerful formation of fitting accountability regimes (Abata, 2012; Adenuga, 2013). For this reason, the study aims to investigate to what degree and how trends towards local government policymaking and implementation have been matched by correspondent changes and innovations in accountability regimes and practices. In keeping with the distinctions made above, it undertakes research on accountability practices in two domains of politics. It entails a systematic comparative empirical research on accountability regimes surrounding: the municipal mayors, committees and managers in regular policymaking, implementation and crisis management; evaluating the effectiveness of accountability regimes as catalysts of development programmes. The Researcher observed growing concerns on the issues of accountability. Hence an exploratory study on the issue based on qualitative research methodology was undertaken. The method of research is comprised of a case study, observation and interviews that were conducted. The accountability systems that were examined include the political, bureaucratic and professional accountability systems. Yet the two accountability mechanisms that were designed highlight the challenges in the dominance, abuse of powers, non-compliance with the code of conduct, the lack of exemplary behaviour and accountability deficits. The major conclusion that is drawn from the research study is that a multi-dimensional is required to ensure effective accountability systems in municipalities. The recommendations include the enforcement of the legal instruments, codes of conduct; the impartial prosecution of violators; implementing effective policies on training and personnel management and encouraging associations and stakeholders to play a catalytic role in enforcing accountability in municipalities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Nation branding: case study of Zimbabwe
- Authors: Sena, Steven
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Branding (Marketing) -- Zimbabwe , Nation-building -- Zimbabwe , Sports and tourism -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9303 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015616
- Description: Every nation exists as a brand with either positive or negative attributes and any other nation and individual that interact with it either will positively or negatively contribute to its nation image. A nation’s brand image may have evolved over many years, shaped by wars, religion, diplomacy or the lack of it, international sporting triumph or disasters, and by the brand itself. Zimbabwe as a nation is suffering from a negative image gained during 2000-2008 that has been characterised by inter alia the fast track land reform programme, political instability, corruption, hyperinflation, and so forth. The country has experienced a major transformation in its political environment that has had a positive effect on all sectors of national development. The new inclusive government, thriving on national unity has seen the people of Zimbabwe combining effort to work together to sustain the development of the country. The aim of this study was to investigate how nation branding for Zimbabwe can help the country to brand itself as a safe destination for tourists, investors, and visitors. The major question therefore, pertains to how all sectors in the economy of Zimbabwe can combine their efforts to brand Zimbabwe and make it compete more efficiently at all levels. Empirical findings revealed that tourist attractions have a positive relationship with nation branding. The empirical results also indicated that entertainment events have a positive relationship with nation branding. It can be recommended that Zimbabwe needs to identify tourist attractions and entertainment events to increase its nation branding. The empirical results of the study also indicated that nation branding has a positive relationship with nation building in Zimbabwe. It was also shown that nation branding has a positive relationship with good governance in Zimbabwe. These results indicate that it would be easier to build the Zimbabwean nation when its brand is strong. Good governance, on the other hand, will increase if the nation’s branding improves.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Sena, Steven
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Branding (Marketing) -- Zimbabwe , Nation-building -- Zimbabwe , Sports and tourism -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9303 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015616
- Description: Every nation exists as a brand with either positive or negative attributes and any other nation and individual that interact with it either will positively or negatively contribute to its nation image. A nation’s brand image may have evolved over many years, shaped by wars, religion, diplomacy or the lack of it, international sporting triumph or disasters, and by the brand itself. Zimbabwe as a nation is suffering from a negative image gained during 2000-2008 that has been characterised by inter alia the fast track land reform programme, political instability, corruption, hyperinflation, and so forth. The country has experienced a major transformation in its political environment that has had a positive effect on all sectors of national development. The new inclusive government, thriving on national unity has seen the people of Zimbabwe combining effort to work together to sustain the development of the country. The aim of this study was to investigate how nation branding for Zimbabwe can help the country to brand itself as a safe destination for tourists, investors, and visitors. The major question therefore, pertains to how all sectors in the economy of Zimbabwe can combine their efforts to brand Zimbabwe and make it compete more efficiently at all levels. Empirical findings revealed that tourist attractions have a positive relationship with nation branding. The empirical results also indicated that entertainment events have a positive relationship with nation branding. It can be recommended that Zimbabwe needs to identify tourist attractions and entertainment events to increase its nation branding. The empirical results of the study also indicated that nation branding has a positive relationship with nation building in Zimbabwe. It was also shown that nation branding has a positive relationship with good governance in Zimbabwe. These results indicate that it would be easier to build the Zimbabwean nation when its brand is strong. Good governance, on the other hand, will increase if the nation’s branding improves.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Monetary and fiscal policy effects on unemployment and inflation in Uganda
- Authors: Sebuliba, Nantumbwe Aminah
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Monetary policy -- Uganda Fiscal policy -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14904 , vital:27899
- Description: Over the recent past, Uganda has experienced disproportionate volatility in inflation alongside rapid growth of unemployment. Whilst inflation has been curtailed to single digit figures since the economic crisis of the 1970s, nevertheless, in the recent past, inflation volatility and unemployment have constrained Uganda’s growth outlook. Like many various developing countries, Uganda has interacted monetary and fiscal policy frameworks as macroeconomic tools to spur productive growth. Most developing countries like Uganda continue to grapple with the challenges of jobless growth which is largely attributed to unstable inflationary pressures as well as low investment which further eggravated rapid expansion in unemployment levels. Government policy efforts have recently been greatly inhibited by rising youth unemployment rates in the country, this has greatly affected Uganda’s growth dynamics. Whilst developed countries have successfully used monetary and fiscal policy frameworks in their pursuit to macroeconomic stability, due to their complex structural economic dynamics, low income countries face challenges in implementing both monetary and fiscal policy to stabilize their economies. Central banks across all countries strive for low and predictable inflation as key in fostering economic growth. The debate over the applicability between monetary and fiscal policy frameworks in the pursuit of enhanced growth continues among policy analysts. The general observation especially in low income countries pertains to the use and effective coordination of monetary and fiscal policy in efforts to stabilize these economies. Despite numerous public expenditure reforms implemented and decline in poverty levels in Uganda, unemployment continued to rise over the past decade consequently inhibiting the country’s growth prospects which has ultimately undermined the econoimy’s capacity to external shocks. Keynes and the monetarists ignited the contentious debate over the superiority between monetary and fiscal policy frameworks which has transformed macroeconomic policy application. A conducive private sector environment as well as large expansions of infrastructure are key fundamental aspects of the development strategy in developing countries, they enhance growth in per capita income. Whilst the monetary authority emphasizes price stability when formulating policies, the fiscal authority pursues its objectives accommodative of the underlying circumstances in the economy. This study aimed to establish an econometric model to predict the impact of monetary and fiscal policy on unemployment and inflation in Uganda using annual time series data for the period 1980 to 2013. The study sought to investigate the influence of monetary and fiscal policy variables on the Ugandan economy in relation to unemployment and inflation. The analysis in the study is based on a twofold oriented objective. The first objective was to investigate monetary and fiscal policy dynamics in Uganda in relation to unemployment. The second objective examined the conduct of monetary and fiscal policy framework on inflation in Uganda. The study analysis begins with a review of literature on the various monetarists and Keynesian theories in relation to the underlying monetary and fiscal policy frameworks. Considering the analysis was a twofold objective, two empirical models linked to unemployment and inflation as well as their relative determinants are specified. The Empirical literature review examined in the study is based on various monetary and fiscal policy theories as well as empirical works by Keynesians, classical economists and the Friedman views. The time series data used were obtained from published sources of the World Bank and IMF, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED) statistical reports and annual statistical drafts from the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) and Bank of Uganda (BOU). To empirically investigate the influence of monetary and fiscal policy variables on unemployment and inflation in Uganda, considering the use of two dependent variables i. e unemployment and inflation, hence, two estimation techniques were applied in the study namely; the Modified Ordinary Least Squares that comprise of FMOLS and DOLS and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The estimation analysis in the study contains two main parts which are spread over two chapters. The first part of the analysis deals with the effects of fiscal and monetary policy on unemployment. The estimation techniques applied in the study included the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) applied to a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. The analysis regressed monetary and fiscal policy aggregates on unemployment in a twofold objective. The first sub section regressed fiscal policy aggregates on unemployment using; total government expenditure, total government revenue, tax revenue and trade openness on unemployment using both FMOLS and DOLS techniques. The second sub-section regressed monetary policy on unemployment using; interest rates, money supply, real effective exchange rates and inflation being regressed against unemployment. To test for presence of unit root among the variables of the sample period of 1980 to 2013, the study employed three approaches; i.e. the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Phillips-Perron (PP) test and Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test. Included in this analysis is the test for structural breaks to further determine stationarity in the data series. The results revealed the presence of structural breaks. Structural breaks tend to inhibit stationarity among the variables at levels. However, when presence of structural breaks is taken into consideration, it simplifies empirical estimation analysis under review. The Johansen Cointegration approach was further applied to establish existence of a stable long-run relationship between monetary policy and fiscal policy as well as their respective variables included in the model in relation to unemployment, this further entailed estimation of FMOLS and DOLS in the model estimation analysis. The results from the above analysys show a negative and statistically significant relationship between total government expenditure (LGOVTEXP) and unemployment (LUNEMPLOYMENT). However, tax revenue, trade openness as well structural reforms which denotes the (SB) coefficient all show a positive and significant relationship with unemployment. Additionally, total government revenue (LGOVTREV) shows a negative relationship with unemployment although statistically insignificant. The DOLS results in this analysis all show statistically insignificant results between all the variables and unemployment. The second subsection using DOLS, analysed the impact of monetary policy on unemployment, revealed a negative and significant relation between interest rates, real exchange rates and structural reforms (SB) with unemployment. Money supply indicates a negative but statistically insignificant relationship with unemployment. However, inflation has a positive and statistically significant relationship with unemployment. The normality tests conducted indicate normal distribution of the residuals. Similiraly, the AR inverse roots show stability of the models estimated whilst the multi-collinearity and Wald tests all showed unbiased estimation results. Having analysed the effects of fiscal and monetary policy on unemployment the interest was to further test the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on inflation. This part constitutes two sub-sections. The ARDL approach ws used to analyse the influence of fiscal policy on inflation. The results reveal a negative and statistically significant relationship between inflation (DLINF) and total government expenditure (DLGOVTEXP) both lagged twice. Similiraly, total government revenue (DLGOVTREV) and tax revenue (DLTAXREV) both lagged once indicate a negative and statistically significant relationship with inflation. However, unemployment lagged three times indicates a negative and statistically insignificant relationship with inflation whilst trade openness lagged three times has a positive and satatistically significant relationship with inflation. The Granger causality test results revealed among all the fiscal policy aggregates used, only inflation Granger causes total government revenue. The second part on the effects of fiscal and monetary policy on inflation used monetary variables; interest rates (DLINT), money supply (DLMS) and real exchange rates (DLREER). The ARDL results revealed all coefficients to have positive signs. Inflation and real exchange rates lagged five and four times respectively have a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variable of inflation. However, interest rate and money supply lagged five and three times respectively show a positive and statistically insignificant relationship with inflation. The estimated model showed no evidence of presence of serial correlation through numerous diagnostic tests performed. These include; heteroscedasticity, residual normality and misspecification tests as well as the Cusum stability tests. Under the analysis of monetary policy dynamics on inflation, the Granger causality test revealed that inflation Granger causes interest rates. Similiraly, real exchange rate Granger causes inflation. The ARDL results in this sub-section suggest that inflation regressed against its own lagged values is statistically significant in explaining variations on inflation. Further, interest rates, money supply and real exchange rates significantly explain variations in inflation during the period under review. The results from the above analysis suggest that firstly, the fiscal authority in Uganda should formulate dynamic as well as robust fiscal reforms that can effeficiently be coordinated with sound monetary policy reforms. This ought to stimulate meaningful economic growth in the economy which would further enhance employment growth. Secondly, policy authorities should implement macroeconomic policies which harmonise public spending whilst at the same keep inflation subdued. In this regard, inflation targeting policies should be strengthened. Thirdly, the macroeconomic policy framework in Uganda should be coordinated with strong employment targeting policies in an effort to broaden labour market dynamics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Sebuliba, Nantumbwe Aminah
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Monetary policy -- Uganda Fiscal policy -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14904 , vital:27899
- Description: Over the recent past, Uganda has experienced disproportionate volatility in inflation alongside rapid growth of unemployment. Whilst inflation has been curtailed to single digit figures since the economic crisis of the 1970s, nevertheless, in the recent past, inflation volatility and unemployment have constrained Uganda’s growth outlook. Like many various developing countries, Uganda has interacted monetary and fiscal policy frameworks as macroeconomic tools to spur productive growth. Most developing countries like Uganda continue to grapple with the challenges of jobless growth which is largely attributed to unstable inflationary pressures as well as low investment which further eggravated rapid expansion in unemployment levels. Government policy efforts have recently been greatly inhibited by rising youth unemployment rates in the country, this has greatly affected Uganda’s growth dynamics. Whilst developed countries have successfully used monetary and fiscal policy frameworks in their pursuit to macroeconomic stability, due to their complex structural economic dynamics, low income countries face challenges in implementing both monetary and fiscal policy to stabilize their economies. Central banks across all countries strive for low and predictable inflation as key in fostering economic growth. The debate over the applicability between monetary and fiscal policy frameworks in the pursuit of enhanced growth continues among policy analysts. The general observation especially in low income countries pertains to the use and effective coordination of monetary and fiscal policy in efforts to stabilize these economies. Despite numerous public expenditure reforms implemented and decline in poverty levels in Uganda, unemployment continued to rise over the past decade consequently inhibiting the country’s growth prospects which has ultimately undermined the econoimy’s capacity to external shocks. Keynes and the monetarists ignited the contentious debate over the superiority between monetary and fiscal policy frameworks which has transformed macroeconomic policy application. A conducive private sector environment as well as large expansions of infrastructure are key fundamental aspects of the development strategy in developing countries, they enhance growth in per capita income. Whilst the monetary authority emphasizes price stability when formulating policies, the fiscal authority pursues its objectives accommodative of the underlying circumstances in the economy. This study aimed to establish an econometric model to predict the impact of monetary and fiscal policy on unemployment and inflation in Uganda using annual time series data for the period 1980 to 2013. The study sought to investigate the influence of monetary and fiscal policy variables on the Ugandan economy in relation to unemployment and inflation. The analysis in the study is based on a twofold oriented objective. The first objective was to investigate monetary and fiscal policy dynamics in Uganda in relation to unemployment. The second objective examined the conduct of monetary and fiscal policy framework on inflation in Uganda. The study analysis begins with a review of literature on the various monetarists and Keynesian theories in relation to the underlying monetary and fiscal policy frameworks. Considering the analysis was a twofold objective, two empirical models linked to unemployment and inflation as well as their relative determinants are specified. The Empirical literature review examined in the study is based on various monetary and fiscal policy theories as well as empirical works by Keynesians, classical economists and the Friedman views. The time series data used were obtained from published sources of the World Bank and IMF, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED) statistical reports and annual statistical drafts from the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) and Bank of Uganda (BOU). To empirically investigate the influence of monetary and fiscal policy variables on unemployment and inflation in Uganda, considering the use of two dependent variables i. e unemployment and inflation, hence, two estimation techniques were applied in the study namely; the Modified Ordinary Least Squares that comprise of FMOLS and DOLS and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The estimation analysis in the study contains two main parts which are spread over two chapters. The first part of the analysis deals with the effects of fiscal and monetary policy on unemployment. The estimation techniques applied in the study included the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) applied to a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. The analysis regressed monetary and fiscal policy aggregates on unemployment in a twofold objective. The first sub section regressed fiscal policy aggregates on unemployment using; total government expenditure, total government revenue, tax revenue and trade openness on unemployment using both FMOLS and DOLS techniques. The second sub-section regressed monetary policy on unemployment using; interest rates, money supply, real effective exchange rates and inflation being regressed against unemployment. To test for presence of unit root among the variables of the sample period of 1980 to 2013, the study employed three approaches; i.e. the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Phillips-Perron (PP) test and Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test. Included in this analysis is the test for structural breaks to further determine stationarity in the data series. The results revealed the presence of structural breaks. Structural breaks tend to inhibit stationarity among the variables at levels. However, when presence of structural breaks is taken into consideration, it simplifies empirical estimation analysis under review. The Johansen Cointegration approach was further applied to establish existence of a stable long-run relationship between monetary policy and fiscal policy as well as their respective variables included in the model in relation to unemployment, this further entailed estimation of FMOLS and DOLS in the model estimation analysis. The results from the above analysys show a negative and statistically significant relationship between total government expenditure (LGOVTEXP) and unemployment (LUNEMPLOYMENT). However, tax revenue, trade openness as well structural reforms which denotes the (SB) coefficient all show a positive and significant relationship with unemployment. Additionally, total government revenue (LGOVTREV) shows a negative relationship with unemployment although statistically insignificant. The DOLS results in this analysis all show statistically insignificant results between all the variables and unemployment. The second subsection using DOLS, analysed the impact of monetary policy on unemployment, revealed a negative and significant relation between interest rates, real exchange rates and structural reforms (SB) with unemployment. Money supply indicates a negative but statistically insignificant relationship with unemployment. However, inflation has a positive and statistically significant relationship with unemployment. The normality tests conducted indicate normal distribution of the residuals. Similiraly, the AR inverse roots show stability of the models estimated whilst the multi-collinearity and Wald tests all showed unbiased estimation results. Having analysed the effects of fiscal and monetary policy on unemployment the interest was to further test the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on inflation. This part constitutes two sub-sections. The ARDL approach ws used to analyse the influence of fiscal policy on inflation. The results reveal a negative and statistically significant relationship between inflation (DLINF) and total government expenditure (DLGOVTEXP) both lagged twice. Similiraly, total government revenue (DLGOVTREV) and tax revenue (DLTAXREV) both lagged once indicate a negative and statistically significant relationship with inflation. However, unemployment lagged three times indicates a negative and statistically insignificant relationship with inflation whilst trade openness lagged three times has a positive and satatistically significant relationship with inflation. The Granger causality test results revealed among all the fiscal policy aggregates used, only inflation Granger causes total government revenue. The second part on the effects of fiscal and monetary policy on inflation used monetary variables; interest rates (DLINT), money supply (DLMS) and real exchange rates (DLREER). The ARDL results revealed all coefficients to have positive signs. Inflation and real exchange rates lagged five and four times respectively have a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variable of inflation. However, interest rate and money supply lagged five and three times respectively show a positive and statistically insignificant relationship with inflation. The estimated model showed no evidence of presence of serial correlation through numerous diagnostic tests performed. These include; heteroscedasticity, residual normality and misspecification tests as well as the Cusum stability tests. Under the analysis of monetary policy dynamics on inflation, the Granger causality test revealed that inflation Granger causes interest rates. Similiraly, real exchange rate Granger causes inflation. The ARDL results in this sub-section suggest that inflation regressed against its own lagged values is statistically significant in explaining variations on inflation. Further, interest rates, money supply and real exchange rates significantly explain variations in inflation during the period under review. The results from the above analysis suggest that firstly, the fiscal authority in Uganda should formulate dynamic as well as robust fiscal reforms that can effeficiently be coordinated with sound monetary policy reforms. This ought to stimulate meaningful economic growth in the economy which would further enhance employment growth. Secondly, policy authorities should implement macroeconomic policies which harmonise public spending whilst at the same keep inflation subdued. In this regard, inflation targeting policies should be strengthened. Thirdly, the macroeconomic policy framework in Uganda should be coordinated with strong employment targeting policies in an effort to broaden labour market dynamics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An international comparative study on the relationship marketing and customer retention of retail banks : lessons for South Africa
- Authors: Rootman, Chantal
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- Customer services , Relationship marketing , Customer relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9358 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1376 , Banks and banking -- Customer services , Relationship marketing , Customer relations
- Description: Despite the extensive research undertaken in the subject area of services marketing, much is still unknown to service providers of specific services in terms of firm-client relationships and how customer retention rates can be increased. This study attempts to address this limitation. The study revolves around the relationship marketing and customer retention of banks in South Africa, Canada and the United Kingdom (UK). Service firms, including banks, are vitally important to the economy of any country as they contribute to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (for example a 74 percent contribution in South Africa) and its employment rate. However, to survive in a complex, competitive business environment, service firms are required to focus on their clients’ needs. Banks can focus on their relationships with clients and measure their institutions’ success by considering their customer retention rates. When considering firm-client relationships and customer retention rates, it is important to gather and link the viewpoints of both clients and managers in order to ensure that firms perform according to clients’ needs. In order to establish the influence of selected variables on the relationship marketing and customer retention of banks, from the perspectives of both banking clients and managers, an empirical investigation was conducted. The primary aim of this study was to quantify significant relationships among selected variables; therefore the positivistic research paradigm was used. In addition, in designing the measuring instruments for the empirical investigation, the phenomenological paradigm was used. Thus, in order to use multiple sources of data, the strategy of methodological triangulation was adopted for this study. The samples consisted of banking clients and bank managers in South Africa, Canada and the UK. The empirical investigation conducted among banking clients revealed that significant positive relationships exist between six of the seven identified independent variables, namely communication, personalisation, empowerment, ethics, fees and technology, and banks’ relationship marketing. These relationships imply that, according to banking clients, if each of these aspects in banks improves, bank-client relationships would improve. The empirical investigation conducted among bank managers showed that managers only regard communication and fees as influencers of relationship marketing in banks. This result clearly indicated a difference in the viewpoints of banking clients and bank managers. In addition, the empirical investigation revealed that relationship marketing positively influences the customer retention of banks. This relationship implies that if a bank successfully maintains relationships with its clients, the bank’s customer retention rates will increase. Additionally, the empirical investigation revealed that the population group, education level and country of residence of banking client respondents exerted an influence on the perceptions clients have regarding banks’ relationship marketing and customer retention levels. If banking clients are African or are not educated with a qualification beyond secondary school level or are from Canada, they consider the relationship marketing of a bank to be more important and are more likely to be retained by banks. Generally, the study indicated that Canadian banking clients are more positive regarding the empowerment strategies and personalisation efforts of Canadian banks than South Africans are about those of South African banks. In addition, banking clients in the UK are more satisfied with the communication, fees and use of technology of UK banks than South Africans are about these aspects in South African banks. The study indicated that strategies to improve banks’ communication, personalisation, empowerment, ethics, fees and technology should be implemented by banks in ways to positively influence their relationship marketing and ultimately their customer retention. Strategies relating to each of these areas, successfully implemented by banks in Canada and the UK, are recommended to South African banks. In effect, these strategies will contribute to retail banks’ success, the competiveness in the banking industry, banking client benefits as well as the economic stability and prosperity of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Rootman, Chantal
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- Customer services , Relationship marketing , Customer relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9358 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1376 , Banks and banking -- Customer services , Relationship marketing , Customer relations
- Description: Despite the extensive research undertaken in the subject area of services marketing, much is still unknown to service providers of specific services in terms of firm-client relationships and how customer retention rates can be increased. This study attempts to address this limitation. The study revolves around the relationship marketing and customer retention of banks in South Africa, Canada and the United Kingdom (UK). Service firms, including banks, are vitally important to the economy of any country as they contribute to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (for example a 74 percent contribution in South Africa) and its employment rate. However, to survive in a complex, competitive business environment, service firms are required to focus on their clients’ needs. Banks can focus on their relationships with clients and measure their institutions’ success by considering their customer retention rates. When considering firm-client relationships and customer retention rates, it is important to gather and link the viewpoints of both clients and managers in order to ensure that firms perform according to clients’ needs. In order to establish the influence of selected variables on the relationship marketing and customer retention of banks, from the perspectives of both banking clients and managers, an empirical investigation was conducted. The primary aim of this study was to quantify significant relationships among selected variables; therefore the positivistic research paradigm was used. In addition, in designing the measuring instruments for the empirical investigation, the phenomenological paradigm was used. Thus, in order to use multiple sources of data, the strategy of methodological triangulation was adopted for this study. The samples consisted of banking clients and bank managers in South Africa, Canada and the UK. The empirical investigation conducted among banking clients revealed that significant positive relationships exist between six of the seven identified independent variables, namely communication, personalisation, empowerment, ethics, fees and technology, and banks’ relationship marketing. These relationships imply that, according to banking clients, if each of these aspects in banks improves, bank-client relationships would improve. The empirical investigation conducted among bank managers showed that managers only regard communication and fees as influencers of relationship marketing in banks. This result clearly indicated a difference in the viewpoints of banking clients and bank managers. In addition, the empirical investigation revealed that relationship marketing positively influences the customer retention of banks. This relationship implies that if a bank successfully maintains relationships with its clients, the bank’s customer retention rates will increase. Additionally, the empirical investigation revealed that the population group, education level and country of residence of banking client respondents exerted an influence on the perceptions clients have regarding banks’ relationship marketing and customer retention levels. If banking clients are African or are not educated with a qualification beyond secondary school level or are from Canada, they consider the relationship marketing of a bank to be more important and are more likely to be retained by banks. Generally, the study indicated that Canadian banking clients are more positive regarding the empowerment strategies and personalisation efforts of Canadian banks than South Africans are about those of South African banks. In addition, banking clients in the UK are more satisfied with the communication, fees and use of technology of UK banks than South Africans are about these aspects in South African banks. The study indicated that strategies to improve banks’ communication, personalisation, empowerment, ethics, fees and technology should be implemented by banks in ways to positively influence their relationship marketing and ultimately their customer retention. Strategies relating to each of these areas, successfully implemented by banks in Canada and the UK, are recommended to South African banks. In effect, these strategies will contribute to retail banks’ success, the competiveness in the banking industry, banking client benefits as well as the economic stability and prosperity of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The effect of different land uses on household livelihoods in Tale Ga-Morudu Communal Property Association
- Authors: Ramaloko, Thomas Tshwantshi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Land use -- South Africa -- Limpopo Reparations for historical injustices -- South Africa -- Limpopo
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14146 , vital:27436
- Description: This study is about a population of 235 households in Blouberg municipality, Limpopo Province, that constituted itself in 2004 into a Communal Property Association. The Tale Ga-Morudu CPA was formed in order to own, manage and control a total of seventeen farms which were progressively restituted to them during 2004 by the Commission on Restitution of Land Rights. Tale Ga-Morudu households were dispossessed and forcefully removed from a number of fertile, arable and irrigable farms1in the 1960s due to racially discriminatory laws or practices. These households were then relocated by the then apartheid regime on the eastern part of Mogalakwena River. They were distributed in the arid communal areas of Laanglagte/Vergelegen, Matekereng; Ga- Mankgodi; Letswatla and Mamoleka under the traditional leadership of Kgoshi Maleboho of BabinaTšhwene. (Map one). It is the aim of this study to find out how Tale Ga-Morudu CPA currently uses these restituted farms for the households who have said to have benefited from restituted land. The researcher used his own observations, lessons and analysis of perspectives from case studies conducted from Limpopo in order to pursue this aim. This study adopted a descriptive household survey design that used a predominantly quantitative approach, and the use of qualitative methods to complement contextual details. A quantitative questionnaire was used on a sample unit of (20%) 45 households obtained by simple random sampling from a population of 235 households of the CPA. Other qualitative methods include focus group discussion, document review and observation. From the results it is clear that land claimants, prefer to retain existing practices of land use, than risk changes in land use in order to meet their socio-economic needs. Thus, instead of investing in commercial agriculture or wildlife farming, people follow subsistence agriculture and remain dependent on social grants and pensions for their livelihood. The general study findings show that the CPA planned to implement different types of land use including those of direct land use value. These include food gardens, resettlement; game farming; poultry enterprises and livestock grazing, and also of indirect use value. The latter refers to contract crop cultivation, rentals and strategic partnerships. The study found that despite income being generated from indirect types of land use, the majority of these intended beneficiaries never benefited from accrued financial dividends of land rental and development. However, households were still able to take advantage of employment opportunities created by contract crop cultivation and in the process they acquired crop cultivation skills. Furthermore the harvesting of natural resources such as wood and poles also contribute to the wellness of households. Households, also derived cultural wellness and a sense of satisfaction by accessing their restored farms to perform rituals. The general conclusion of the study is that the CPA is underutilizing its properties, including arable and irrigable fields, rentable recreational facilities, game farming and its tourism potential.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ramaloko, Thomas Tshwantshi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Land use -- South Africa -- Limpopo Reparations for historical injustices -- South Africa -- Limpopo
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14146 , vital:27436
- Description: This study is about a population of 235 households in Blouberg municipality, Limpopo Province, that constituted itself in 2004 into a Communal Property Association. The Tale Ga-Morudu CPA was formed in order to own, manage and control a total of seventeen farms which were progressively restituted to them during 2004 by the Commission on Restitution of Land Rights. Tale Ga-Morudu households were dispossessed and forcefully removed from a number of fertile, arable and irrigable farms1in the 1960s due to racially discriminatory laws or practices. These households were then relocated by the then apartheid regime on the eastern part of Mogalakwena River. They were distributed in the arid communal areas of Laanglagte/Vergelegen, Matekereng; Ga- Mankgodi; Letswatla and Mamoleka under the traditional leadership of Kgoshi Maleboho of BabinaTšhwene. (Map one). It is the aim of this study to find out how Tale Ga-Morudu CPA currently uses these restituted farms for the households who have said to have benefited from restituted land. The researcher used his own observations, lessons and analysis of perspectives from case studies conducted from Limpopo in order to pursue this aim. This study adopted a descriptive household survey design that used a predominantly quantitative approach, and the use of qualitative methods to complement contextual details. A quantitative questionnaire was used on a sample unit of (20%) 45 households obtained by simple random sampling from a population of 235 households of the CPA. Other qualitative methods include focus group discussion, document review and observation. From the results it is clear that land claimants, prefer to retain existing practices of land use, than risk changes in land use in order to meet their socio-economic needs. Thus, instead of investing in commercial agriculture or wildlife farming, people follow subsistence agriculture and remain dependent on social grants and pensions for their livelihood. The general study findings show that the CPA planned to implement different types of land use including those of direct land use value. These include food gardens, resettlement; game farming; poultry enterprises and livestock grazing, and also of indirect use value. The latter refers to contract crop cultivation, rentals and strategic partnerships. The study found that despite income being generated from indirect types of land use, the majority of these intended beneficiaries never benefited from accrued financial dividends of land rental and development. However, households were still able to take advantage of employment opportunities created by contract crop cultivation and in the process they acquired crop cultivation skills. Furthermore the harvesting of natural resources such as wood and poles also contribute to the wellness of households. Households, also derived cultural wellness and a sense of satisfaction by accessing their restored farms to perform rituals. The general conclusion of the study is that the CPA is underutilizing its properties, including arable and irrigable fields, rentable recreational facilities, game farming and its tourism potential.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016