The impact of leadership on talent retention: exploring gender and generational cohort’s psychological contract issues
- Authors: Vasi, Lee-Anne
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Age and employment -- South Africa , Leadership -- South Africa -- Management Employee retention -- South Africa Organizational commitment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20077 , vital:29096
- Description: If the early nineties were concerned about a “rapidly changing business environment,” business in the twenty first century should be deeply paranoid about the future of business as we know it (Pieterse et al., 2009, p.1). Both global and national political factors has impacted the economy to epidemic negative heights. For companies to survive, its leadership requires a strand of resilience that sustains operations like never before. This can only be reached through the workforce. The question can thus be asked, how does one optimally use the gifting of each employee to impact the sustained operation of the organisation? The aim of this study is to determine the impact of leadership on talent retention: exploring gender and generational cohort’s psychological contract issues. The target population for the study consisted of 711 (n) employed South African executive MBA professionals within various industry sectors, namely, Management, Finance, Engineering, Information Technology and Accounting sectors, dispersed at various levels within their respective organisations, representing various Provinces, predominantly from the Eastern Cape, Western Cape and Gauteng. 55 percent were male respondents and 45 percent were female respondents. 34% of the respondents’ age group were located in the category Generation-Y (respondents aged 25 – 34 years) and 30% of the respondents’ were located in the category Generation-X (respondents aged 35 – 44 years). The results showed that job insecurity was not statistically significantly related to employee engagement and turnover intention. Leadership empowerment behaviour contributed statistically significantly to employee engagement and low turnover intention. The research populations’ current experience depicts strong opportunities for personal development and work satisfaction, with moderate financial fulfilment. There is furthermore a strong relationship between leadership and retention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Vasi, Lee-Anne
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Age and employment -- South Africa , Leadership -- South Africa -- Management Employee retention -- South Africa Organizational commitment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20077 , vital:29096
- Description: If the early nineties were concerned about a “rapidly changing business environment,” business in the twenty first century should be deeply paranoid about the future of business as we know it (Pieterse et al., 2009, p.1). Both global and national political factors has impacted the economy to epidemic negative heights. For companies to survive, its leadership requires a strand of resilience that sustains operations like never before. This can only be reached through the workforce. The question can thus be asked, how does one optimally use the gifting of each employee to impact the sustained operation of the organisation? The aim of this study is to determine the impact of leadership on talent retention: exploring gender and generational cohort’s psychological contract issues. The target population for the study consisted of 711 (n) employed South African executive MBA professionals within various industry sectors, namely, Management, Finance, Engineering, Information Technology and Accounting sectors, dispersed at various levels within their respective organisations, representing various Provinces, predominantly from the Eastern Cape, Western Cape and Gauteng. 55 percent were male respondents and 45 percent were female respondents. 34% of the respondents’ age group were located in the category Generation-Y (respondents aged 25 – 34 years) and 30% of the respondents’ were located in the category Generation-X (respondents aged 35 – 44 years). The results showed that job insecurity was not statistically significantly related to employee engagement and turnover intention. Leadership empowerment behaviour contributed statistically significantly to employee engagement and low turnover intention. The research populations’ current experience depicts strong opportunities for personal development and work satisfaction, with moderate financial fulfilment. There is furthermore a strong relationship between leadership and retention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A fraud investigation skills self-assessment framework for internal audit practitioners
- Authors: Labuschagne, Mario
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: fraud investigation , Auditing, Internal
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61465 , vital:70660
- Description: Globally incidents of fraud are on the increase, resulting in an expectation from users of internal audit services that internal auditors should accept responsibility for conducting fraud investigations. This expectation exists even though limited guidance pronouncements on how to conduct fraud investigations being available from the Institute of internal auditors (IIA) and internal auditors not always being equipped to conduct fraud investigations. This expectation also stretches beyond the current pronounced role and responsibilities of internal audit practitioners, according to the IIAs International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF) (hereafter, referred to as the Standards). Conducting fraud investigations without possessing the relevant knowledge and skills, introduces the risk that evidence collected may be considered inadmissible in a court of law. The research problem is stated as, “a dearth of adequate guidance pronouncements for internal audit practitioners exists, in respect of fraud investigations.” In response to the expectation, risk, and research problem, underpinned by the policeman theory and theory of inspired confidence, the primary research objective of the study was to develop a fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework for use by internal audit practitioners who are expected to conduct fraud investigations. The study’s research objectives were achieved by making use of an interpretivist research paradigm and a qualitative methodological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from authoritative internal auditors on the membership database of the Institute of Internal Auditors South Africa (IIASA). Findings confirmed the existence of an expectation gap and the lack of guidance contained in IIA guidance pronouncements and Standards. Developed from the findings, the thesis proposes a fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework. The proposed self-assessment framework lists 14 fraud investigation knowledge and skills measures in the form of statements that internal audit practitioners should use to assess their personal level of proficiency for conducting a fraud investigation. The results from the self-assessment should then be Page | vii used to guide an internal audit practitioner on whether to accept the responsibility for conducting a fraud investigation or to defer the investigation to a more proficient fraud investigator. The decision for accepting the responsibility to conduct a fraud investigation ultimately resides with the internal audit practitioner. The study concluded that an expectation from organisations exists for internal audit practitioners to conduct fraud investigations, even though limited guidance pronouncements are available to internal audit practitioners from the IIA for conducting fraud investigations. The study identified that the most prominent risk associated with a fraud investigation being conducted by a person lacking the required fraud investigation knowledge and skills was that of collected evidence being dismissed in a court of law and not being able to use the evidence against a perpetrator. It can, therefore, be recommended that internal audit practitioners should not conduct a fraud investigation if they lacked any of the proficiencies required. The study provides support for the development and use of the proposed fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Labuschagne, Mario
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: fraud investigation , Auditing, Internal
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61465 , vital:70660
- Description: Globally incidents of fraud are on the increase, resulting in an expectation from users of internal audit services that internal auditors should accept responsibility for conducting fraud investigations. This expectation exists even though limited guidance pronouncements on how to conduct fraud investigations being available from the Institute of internal auditors (IIA) and internal auditors not always being equipped to conduct fraud investigations. This expectation also stretches beyond the current pronounced role and responsibilities of internal audit practitioners, according to the IIAs International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF) (hereafter, referred to as the Standards). Conducting fraud investigations without possessing the relevant knowledge and skills, introduces the risk that evidence collected may be considered inadmissible in a court of law. The research problem is stated as, “a dearth of adequate guidance pronouncements for internal audit practitioners exists, in respect of fraud investigations.” In response to the expectation, risk, and research problem, underpinned by the policeman theory and theory of inspired confidence, the primary research objective of the study was to develop a fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework for use by internal audit practitioners who are expected to conduct fraud investigations. The study’s research objectives were achieved by making use of an interpretivist research paradigm and a qualitative methodological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from authoritative internal auditors on the membership database of the Institute of Internal Auditors South Africa (IIASA). Findings confirmed the existence of an expectation gap and the lack of guidance contained in IIA guidance pronouncements and Standards. Developed from the findings, the thesis proposes a fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework. The proposed self-assessment framework lists 14 fraud investigation knowledge and skills measures in the form of statements that internal audit practitioners should use to assess their personal level of proficiency for conducting a fraud investigation. The results from the self-assessment should then be Page | vii used to guide an internal audit practitioner on whether to accept the responsibility for conducting a fraud investigation or to defer the investigation to a more proficient fraud investigator. The decision for accepting the responsibility to conduct a fraud investigation ultimately resides with the internal audit practitioner. The study concluded that an expectation from organisations exists for internal audit practitioners to conduct fraud investigations, even though limited guidance pronouncements are available to internal audit practitioners from the IIA for conducting fraud investigations. The study identified that the most prominent risk associated with a fraud investigation being conducted by a person lacking the required fraud investigation knowledge and skills was that of collected evidence being dismissed in a court of law and not being able to use the evidence against a perpetrator. It can, therefore, be recommended that internal audit practitioners should not conduct a fraud investigation if they lacked any of the proficiencies required. The study provides support for the development and use of the proposed fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Determinants of performance in non-profit organisations in KwaZulu Natal: the role of sustainability orientation and dynamic capabilities
- Authors: Mbhele, Thandekile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Hypothesis Model , non-profit organisations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61670 , vital:71824
- Description: Determinants of performance in KZN Nonprofit organisations operating in the health sector is explored by this research paper. The focus is on the role played by sustainability orientation and dynamic capabilities on the organisational perfomance. Sustainability orientation and dynamic capabilities have received little empirical attention within the NPO sector. Most, of the research done has focused on for-profit organisations. Local NPOs in the health sector are facing many challenges. These are fueled by the high demand for services and scarcity of resources to deliver on their social mission. This study aims to examine the stated constructs. Furthermore, the study aims to help NPOs build sustainable organisations and adopt strategies that will increase the efficiency and effectiveness in their operations. The study employed a quantitative methodology. An online survey and experiental analysis were conducted on a sample of 156 respondents. All of the participants belong to local NPOs in the health sector in KZN. The hypotheses were tested by applying multiple linear regression. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the established variables and constructs. The results of the analysis show a significant and positive relationship between sustainability orientation and organisational performance. The study also found that the ability to sense, seize, and reconfigure mediate the relationship and positively influence the performance. These results provide important insight for local NPOs, policy makers, and current practices concerned about developing sustainable organisations. This implies that there is a chance for local NPOs to grow, attract funders and remain sustainable. In addition the results could help to build a reputable brand in their respective fields. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mbhele, Thandekile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Hypothesis Model , non-profit organisations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61670 , vital:71824
- Description: Determinants of performance in KZN Nonprofit organisations operating in the health sector is explored by this research paper. The focus is on the role played by sustainability orientation and dynamic capabilities on the organisational perfomance. Sustainability orientation and dynamic capabilities have received little empirical attention within the NPO sector. Most, of the research done has focused on for-profit organisations. Local NPOs in the health sector are facing many challenges. These are fueled by the high demand for services and scarcity of resources to deliver on their social mission. This study aims to examine the stated constructs. Furthermore, the study aims to help NPOs build sustainable organisations and adopt strategies that will increase the efficiency and effectiveness in their operations. The study employed a quantitative methodology. An online survey and experiental analysis were conducted on a sample of 156 respondents. All of the participants belong to local NPOs in the health sector in KZN. The hypotheses were tested by applying multiple linear regression. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the established variables and constructs. The results of the analysis show a significant and positive relationship between sustainability orientation and organisational performance. The study also found that the ability to sense, seize, and reconfigure mediate the relationship and positively influence the performance. These results provide important insight for local NPOs, policy makers, and current practices concerned about developing sustainable organisations. This implies that there is a chance for local NPOs to grow, attract funders and remain sustainable. In addition the results could help to build a reputable brand in their respective fields. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The perceptions of self service checkout systems in the South African retail
- Authors: Mhlanga, Nhlanhla
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Self Service Technology , technological innovation , Grocery Retail Sector
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61681 , vital:71825
- Description: The introduction of Self-Service Checkout Systems (SSCOs) has disrupted and continues to transform grocery retail businesses particularly in the age of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is characterised by the pervasive presence of technological innovation in multiple sectors. SSCOs have over the years made significant in-roads in the grocery retail sector, particularly in the developed world with few exceptions of implementation in the developing world. Self Service Technologies (SST) have been used across various industries for many years in order to improve customer experience, or to address business priorities, or both. SSCOs (an SST technology) within grocery retail, have been purported to increase customer convenience, efficiency and bolster the competitive advantage of various businesses, amongst other benefits. The benefits and opportunities, risk and challenges, impact on business, perceptions of customers and customer acceptance of SSCOs have been and continue to be widely studied within the retail sector of the developed and in some parts of the developing world. The understanding and implementation of SSCOs in developing countries in general and South Africa in particular are at an embryonic stage. Questions of implementation, acceptance and adoption of SSCOs in South Africa are under-researched and nascent. However, despite their vagueness within the South African grocery retail sector, there are instances where SSCOs have been implemented in South Africa. Taking into account the fact that the South African grocery retail sector is heavily influenced by the adoption of technological innovation and follows the trends from the developed world, it is only a matter of time before SSCOs become mainstream technologies in South Africa. This is more so particularly in the era of the 4IR where technology is increasingly transforming entire industries. Against this backdrop, this study addresses the question of acceptance of SSCOs within the grocery retail sector in South Africa. Whilst grocery retailers consider whether to implement SSCOs, they have to ask themselves a number of pertinent questions, not in the least whether customers would be willing to adopt the use of the technology. It is in light of this acceptability of SSCOs that the research engaged grocery retailers to investigate their perception regarding the factors that affect the acceptance of SSCOs within the South African grocery retail sector. This study followed a qualitative research design. Participants were management and owners of the SPAR retail group in South Africa. Twenty-three participants took part in the study and seventeen participant’s responses were accepted for analysis. An online open ended vi | P a g e questionnaire was used to collect data from participants and a thematic analysis was applied to the collected data in order to search for themes within the data. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) were used as frameworks to interpret the study findings. The results of the study indicate that the South African grocery retail sector is innovative and implements various technologies. Further, a number of grocery retailers are actively considering the implementation of SSCOs. A number of factors that promote that acceptance of SSCOs were identified by the study, for example, customer experience at checkout, which includes convenience and efficiency and business profitability. On the other hand, there are factors that hinder the acceptance of SSCOs, which include factors like loss of employment, poor infrastructure and the cost of implementation amongst others. Based on the results of the study a theoretical framework was developed, which was used to give recommendations to the grocery retail sector in order to offer guidance regarding the implementation of SSCOs in South Africa. Finally, areas and orientations of future research were identified. This study contributes to the literature on SSCOs in South Africa in particular and the developing world in general. In addition, this study contributes to academic theory and business practise by applying the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to a unique context in a new way, i.e. SSCOs in the grocery retail sector in South Africa. The limitation of the study is that the participants were from one grocery retail organisation and thus probably represent a certain grocery retail outlook based on the culture of the organisation. Future research would need to be more inclusive and have a heterogeneous research sample in order to be more reflective of multiple organisations and cultures within the grocery retail sector in South Africa. The introduction of SSCOs in South Africa will transform the grocery retail sector. The understanding of the technology and its acceptance within the sector is critical to help grocery retailers develop strategies to drive business growth, improve customer experience and capitalise on the direction of transformation that technology brings to the sector. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mhlanga, Nhlanhla
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Self Service Technology , technological innovation , Grocery Retail Sector
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61681 , vital:71825
- Description: The introduction of Self-Service Checkout Systems (SSCOs) has disrupted and continues to transform grocery retail businesses particularly in the age of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is characterised by the pervasive presence of technological innovation in multiple sectors. SSCOs have over the years made significant in-roads in the grocery retail sector, particularly in the developed world with few exceptions of implementation in the developing world. Self Service Technologies (SST) have been used across various industries for many years in order to improve customer experience, or to address business priorities, or both. SSCOs (an SST technology) within grocery retail, have been purported to increase customer convenience, efficiency and bolster the competitive advantage of various businesses, amongst other benefits. The benefits and opportunities, risk and challenges, impact on business, perceptions of customers and customer acceptance of SSCOs have been and continue to be widely studied within the retail sector of the developed and in some parts of the developing world. The understanding and implementation of SSCOs in developing countries in general and South Africa in particular are at an embryonic stage. Questions of implementation, acceptance and adoption of SSCOs in South Africa are under-researched and nascent. However, despite their vagueness within the South African grocery retail sector, there are instances where SSCOs have been implemented in South Africa. Taking into account the fact that the South African grocery retail sector is heavily influenced by the adoption of technological innovation and follows the trends from the developed world, it is only a matter of time before SSCOs become mainstream technologies in South Africa. This is more so particularly in the era of the 4IR where technology is increasingly transforming entire industries. Against this backdrop, this study addresses the question of acceptance of SSCOs within the grocery retail sector in South Africa. Whilst grocery retailers consider whether to implement SSCOs, they have to ask themselves a number of pertinent questions, not in the least whether customers would be willing to adopt the use of the technology. It is in light of this acceptability of SSCOs that the research engaged grocery retailers to investigate their perception regarding the factors that affect the acceptance of SSCOs within the South African grocery retail sector. This study followed a qualitative research design. Participants were management and owners of the SPAR retail group in South Africa. Twenty-three participants took part in the study and seventeen participant’s responses were accepted for analysis. An online open ended vi | P a g e questionnaire was used to collect data from participants and a thematic analysis was applied to the collected data in order to search for themes within the data. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) were used as frameworks to interpret the study findings. The results of the study indicate that the South African grocery retail sector is innovative and implements various technologies. Further, a number of grocery retailers are actively considering the implementation of SSCOs. A number of factors that promote that acceptance of SSCOs were identified by the study, for example, customer experience at checkout, which includes convenience and efficiency and business profitability. On the other hand, there are factors that hinder the acceptance of SSCOs, which include factors like loss of employment, poor infrastructure and the cost of implementation amongst others. Based on the results of the study a theoretical framework was developed, which was used to give recommendations to the grocery retail sector in order to offer guidance regarding the implementation of SSCOs in South Africa. Finally, areas and orientations of future research were identified. This study contributes to the literature on SSCOs in South Africa in particular and the developing world in general. In addition, this study contributes to academic theory and business practise by applying the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to a unique context in a new way, i.e. SSCOs in the grocery retail sector in South Africa. The limitation of the study is that the participants were from one grocery retail organisation and thus probably represent a certain grocery retail outlook based on the culture of the organisation. Future research would need to be more inclusive and have a heterogeneous research sample in order to be more reflective of multiple organisations and cultures within the grocery retail sector in South Africa. The introduction of SSCOs in South Africa will transform the grocery retail sector. The understanding of the technology and its acceptance within the sector is critical to help grocery retailers develop strategies to drive business growth, improve customer experience and capitalise on the direction of transformation that technology brings to the sector. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
An explorative study into the introduction of sugar tax in the sugar industry: A case of Illovo
- Authors: Jacobs, Nomfundo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Sugar Trade , Maple sugar industry
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61350 , vital:70421
- Description: An explorative study into the introduction of sugar tax in the sugar industry: A case of Illovo. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the sugar tax on the South African sugar industry, Illovo Sugar in particular. This tax was introduced in 2018 and it only affected the beverage industry, with its effects being concentrated on industrial sales. The government's intention was to reduce the rising levels of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and heart diseases, in response to the increased sugar consumption in the country. In addition, the introduction of this tax was expected to reduce sugar consumption in the country, thereby improving public health. Ultimately, the government wanted to encourage citizens to adjust their lifestyles by reducing their sugar intake. To this end, the sugar tax was implemented with the expectation that it would lead to a decrease in sugar consumption in South Africa. The researcher made use of the qualitative research method to collect the data. This enabled a comprehensive understanding of the research topic, as the participants chosen had been working in the sugar industry for a number of years and could give detailed accounts of the implications of the tax on the industry and the communities. Furthermore, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with the participants to better understand their perceptions on how the tax had impacted their businesses. The data collected was then analysed according to thematic content analysis, and this produced factual, reliable, and valid results. The findings of this study revealed that the sugar tax had a negative impact on Illovo's business operations. Despite this, Illovo was able to leverage its resources and expertise to devise strategies for mitigating the impact of the sugar tax, allowing them to remain competitive in their industry. This included focusing on independent stores and restructuring staff and resources to manage the lower sugar demand. Additionally, Illovo also looked at selling sugar to more profitable customers, helping to reduce costs and associated risk. Despite the strategies adopted, further research is recommended in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding into the phenomenon using a large sample size. This v would allow for further insights into the impact of the sugar tax on the South African sugar industry and whether any changes need to be made in order to ensure that it continues to remain competitive in the industry. Furthermore, research should also be conducted into the implications of the sugar tax on other sectors of the economy, as policy makers may need to consider the possible effects on other industries and even on the government itself versus the possible benefits to the public. Additionally, this research could also be extended to include a longitudinal study in order to capture any changes that take place in the years to come. These changes may include further price adjustments, changes in consumer behaviour, and any possible implications on public health. This would allow for a greater understanding of the implications of this tax for both the industry and society. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Jacobs, Nomfundo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Sugar Trade , Maple sugar industry
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61350 , vital:70421
- Description: An explorative study into the introduction of sugar tax in the sugar industry: A case of Illovo. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the sugar tax on the South African sugar industry, Illovo Sugar in particular. This tax was introduced in 2018 and it only affected the beverage industry, with its effects being concentrated on industrial sales. The government's intention was to reduce the rising levels of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and heart diseases, in response to the increased sugar consumption in the country. In addition, the introduction of this tax was expected to reduce sugar consumption in the country, thereby improving public health. Ultimately, the government wanted to encourage citizens to adjust their lifestyles by reducing their sugar intake. To this end, the sugar tax was implemented with the expectation that it would lead to a decrease in sugar consumption in South Africa. The researcher made use of the qualitative research method to collect the data. This enabled a comprehensive understanding of the research topic, as the participants chosen had been working in the sugar industry for a number of years and could give detailed accounts of the implications of the tax on the industry and the communities. Furthermore, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with the participants to better understand their perceptions on how the tax had impacted their businesses. The data collected was then analysed according to thematic content analysis, and this produced factual, reliable, and valid results. The findings of this study revealed that the sugar tax had a negative impact on Illovo's business operations. Despite this, Illovo was able to leverage its resources and expertise to devise strategies for mitigating the impact of the sugar tax, allowing them to remain competitive in their industry. This included focusing on independent stores and restructuring staff and resources to manage the lower sugar demand. Additionally, Illovo also looked at selling sugar to more profitable customers, helping to reduce costs and associated risk. Despite the strategies adopted, further research is recommended in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding into the phenomenon using a large sample size. This v would allow for further insights into the impact of the sugar tax on the South African sugar industry and whether any changes need to be made in order to ensure that it continues to remain competitive in the industry. Furthermore, research should also be conducted into the implications of the sugar tax on other sectors of the economy, as policy makers may need to consider the possible effects on other industries and even on the government itself versus the possible benefits to the public. Additionally, this research could also be extended to include a longitudinal study in order to capture any changes that take place in the years to come. These changes may include further price adjustments, changes in consumer behaviour, and any possible implications on public health. This would allow for a greater understanding of the implications of this tax for both the industry and society. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on South African organisation’s way of working: A Black Management Forum Perspective
- Authors: Koti, Sonwabo Mawethu
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease)-- South Africa , Black Management Forum
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61454 , vital:70653
- Description: The aim of this study was to examine impact of Covid-19 on organisation’s work environment in South Africa, based on Black Management Forum’s views. The outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruption on organisation’s ways of working, this was due to lockdown rules and regulations, restrictions imposed by Government to curb the spread of the virus. The study used quantitative method approach; online survey questionnaire was distributed to recruited Black Management Forum (BMF) members who were willing to voluntarily participate via an email and WhatsApp platform. These members were sampled using convenience and snowball non-probability sampling techniques. The concepts of the study were scientifically hypothesised to determine whether such associations exist within the context of the work environment and productivity within the different corporate sector of industries in South Africa. The study findings confirmed that most organisations were impacted, and they changed their ways of work by implementing mostly work partly from home (WPFH) hybrid work model. The study findings also revealed that, workload was more during the pandemic than before, as results of changed work environment. Other finding from the study indicated that most employees adapted well to changes, understood the need for change and they performed well. Most employees also felt more productive and well supported and respected by managers. Service sectors were more impacted than other sectors and they showed more productivity as well. Most respondents felt that the adopted ways of working would remain post-pandemic and that they prefer this hybrid model of working because it gave them an opportunity to manage their own time. vii The research is significant as it critically examined how a pandemic can create organisational changes and the extent to which organisations must adjust. The research also provides policy recommendations that could assist corporate organisations in adopting new ways of working. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Koti, Sonwabo Mawethu
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease)-- South Africa , Black Management Forum
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61454 , vital:70653
- Description: The aim of this study was to examine impact of Covid-19 on organisation’s work environment in South Africa, based on Black Management Forum’s views. The outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruption on organisation’s ways of working, this was due to lockdown rules and regulations, restrictions imposed by Government to curb the spread of the virus. The study used quantitative method approach; online survey questionnaire was distributed to recruited Black Management Forum (BMF) members who were willing to voluntarily participate via an email and WhatsApp platform. These members were sampled using convenience and snowball non-probability sampling techniques. The concepts of the study were scientifically hypothesised to determine whether such associations exist within the context of the work environment and productivity within the different corporate sector of industries in South Africa. The study findings confirmed that most organisations were impacted, and they changed their ways of work by implementing mostly work partly from home (WPFH) hybrid work model. The study findings also revealed that, workload was more during the pandemic than before, as results of changed work environment. Other finding from the study indicated that most employees adapted well to changes, understood the need for change and they performed well. Most employees also felt more productive and well supported and respected by managers. Service sectors were more impacted than other sectors and they showed more productivity as well. Most respondents felt that the adopted ways of working would remain post-pandemic and that they prefer this hybrid model of working because it gave them an opportunity to manage their own time. vii The research is significant as it critically examined how a pandemic can create organisational changes and the extent to which organisations must adjust. The research also provides policy recommendations that could assist corporate organisations in adopting new ways of working. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process
- Authors: Kinsman, Jasmine Estonia
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Financial planning industry , Business enterprises--Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61442 , vital:70648
- Description: The globally applied six-step financial planning process which is used by CFP® professionals to provide financial advice is designed to ensure that the financial advice is suitable, based on the needs of the consumer. However, given the diverse cultures in South Africa, this study argues that the six-step financial planning process (as it is currently applied) may not be suitable, as it requires contextualisation based on the unique needs of South African consumers. The various population groups in South Africa have their own sets of beliefs, values and cultural practices, and thus view aspects such as wealth (the creation, preservation and transference thereof), marriage, death and retirement, differently. Thus, financial planners who are not knowledgeable about different cultures, diverse financial needs, or the provisions of customary law, may not be able to provide suitable advice. The primary objective of the study is thus to reconceptualise the six-step financial planning process to be more inclusive, in order to better serve the financial planning needs of South African consumers. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to provide the context and framework within which the reconceptualisation of the six-step financial planning process could be approached. An investigation of the financial planning environment and the financial planning process was completed to determine how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied in the South African context. Further, an investigation of culture and the cultural dimensions – power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, timeorientation and indulgence – was conducted, as it was clear that these cultural dimensions cannot be generalised to all South African consumers, due to the large degree of diversity within the population. It was also determined that there are various factors that contribute towards the cultural diversity of South African consumers, which may influence their financial needs and the type of financial advice that is required. These factors include race and ethnicity, marital regimes, procreation and family structures. To further illustrate the diversity of financial needs of South African consumers, a discussion of Black households and the application of financial planning legislation and customary law was provided. Black households are considered to be under-serviced, historically financially excluded, have low levels of financial literacy, and are mostly collectivist in nature. It is for these reasons that Black households are the focus of the study. Some of the financial needs that vi are common among Black households include land and property ownership, family wealth, family homesteads, lobola capital and ‘black tax’ expenditure. Given that the literature review established how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied, an interpretivist research philosophy was adopted in order to gain a deeper understanding of how the six-step financial planning process should be applied in a South African context. Further, the research approach in the context of this study is an inductive one, as the six-step financial planning process is an existing theory that was reconceptualised by considering the perceptions and experiences of 16 CFP® professionals and 14 Black South African households. A mono-method qualitative research methodology was used, with a single qualitative method of data collection (semi-structured interviews), and a single qualitative method of data analysis (latent content analysis). The findings of the study were used to provide a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which takes into consideration the fact that the image of a financial planner plays an important role when trying to establish a professional relationship with a client. The findings reveal that Black consumers in particular, generally have a negative image of a financial planner, which is influenced not only by their perceptions of a financial planner, but also by their self-perception of their own financial situation. The reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process also incorporates the finding that discussions around personal finances are considered impolite and taboo among the Black African community, which influences their ability to talk about these topics, trust a financial planner, and establish a professional relationship with them. The findings also reveal that a racial and gender bias exists among Black consumers – they prefer interacting with a White male financial planner, as they perceive them to be more competent and have more experience with finances and wealth accumulation. It was also found that CFP® professionals believe that having cultural awareness and cultural intelligence can reduce bias in the way that questions are asked, so as not to offend the client. Thus, cultural awareness was also incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process. It was also noted that it is important to ascertain clients’ level of financial literacy during the information gathering stage. Black consumers opined that in this regard, it is the role of the financial planner to both ascertain and ensure their clients’ financial literacy, and to offer financial education to ensure client understanding. vii Although the premise of the study is that South African consumers have unique financial needs due to the high degree of diversity among the population, it was the opinion of CFP® professionals that Black consumers, in particular, do not have unique financial needs – instead, they define their needs differently, have different exposures to financial resources to address their financial needs, and also prioritise and satisfy their needs differently. The prioritised financial needs of Black households (sub-themes) that emerged from both participant groups include the need to make provision for black tax, estate planning, funerals, and property ownership. Black household participants mentioned (to a greater extent than CFP® professionals did) the need to make provision for lobola and initiation schools, as these form part of several traditional ceremonies. The need to make provision for a family home was mentioned by Black household participants but not by CFP® professionals. It was discovered from Black household participants that stokvels are the most common micro-finance tool used by Black consumers, for various reasons. In fact for some, stokvels are preferred over formal financial products because they perceive that they yield a higher return, and others use them successfully to supplement their current provisions. These findings (among others) were incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which is presented in this study. This study has made a contribution to the financial planning body of knowledge by presenting a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process, and providing new knowledge on each of the associated six steps and their suitability in a South African context. This study also provides justification and evidence for the inclusion of aspects within the sixstep financial planning process that enhance the understanding of cultural diversity and needs of Black households in particular. Justification has also been provided for the inclusion of cultural aspects and diverse needs of Black consumers the in the academic curriculum of FPI and FSCA recognised qualifications, as well as the facilitation and learning outcomes of business and product-specific training that FSPs are required to provide to their representatives. The study findings also have implications for the development of the academic curriculum and assessment materials for CFP® professionals by recognised education providers, the FSCA regulatory examination, and the FPI professional competency examination. In addition, the study has provided evidence for the need to develop financial products, or customise existing financial products, that address the viii needs of Black households – especially culture-specific financial needs such as black tax, lobola and funding for initiation schools. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Kinsman, Jasmine Estonia
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Financial planning industry , Business enterprises--Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61442 , vital:70648
- Description: The globally applied six-step financial planning process which is used by CFP® professionals to provide financial advice is designed to ensure that the financial advice is suitable, based on the needs of the consumer. However, given the diverse cultures in South Africa, this study argues that the six-step financial planning process (as it is currently applied) may not be suitable, as it requires contextualisation based on the unique needs of South African consumers. The various population groups in South Africa have their own sets of beliefs, values and cultural practices, and thus view aspects such as wealth (the creation, preservation and transference thereof), marriage, death and retirement, differently. Thus, financial planners who are not knowledgeable about different cultures, diverse financial needs, or the provisions of customary law, may not be able to provide suitable advice. The primary objective of the study is thus to reconceptualise the six-step financial planning process to be more inclusive, in order to better serve the financial planning needs of South African consumers. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to provide the context and framework within which the reconceptualisation of the six-step financial planning process could be approached. An investigation of the financial planning environment and the financial planning process was completed to determine how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied in the South African context. Further, an investigation of culture and the cultural dimensions – power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, timeorientation and indulgence – was conducted, as it was clear that these cultural dimensions cannot be generalised to all South African consumers, due to the large degree of diversity within the population. It was also determined that there are various factors that contribute towards the cultural diversity of South African consumers, which may influence their financial needs and the type of financial advice that is required. These factors include race and ethnicity, marital regimes, procreation and family structures. To further illustrate the diversity of financial needs of South African consumers, a discussion of Black households and the application of financial planning legislation and customary law was provided. Black households are considered to be under-serviced, historically financially excluded, have low levels of financial literacy, and are mostly collectivist in nature. It is for these reasons that Black households are the focus of the study. Some of the financial needs that vi are common among Black households include land and property ownership, family wealth, family homesteads, lobola capital and ‘black tax’ expenditure. Given that the literature review established how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied, an interpretivist research philosophy was adopted in order to gain a deeper understanding of how the six-step financial planning process should be applied in a South African context. Further, the research approach in the context of this study is an inductive one, as the six-step financial planning process is an existing theory that was reconceptualised by considering the perceptions and experiences of 16 CFP® professionals and 14 Black South African households. A mono-method qualitative research methodology was used, with a single qualitative method of data collection (semi-structured interviews), and a single qualitative method of data analysis (latent content analysis). The findings of the study were used to provide a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which takes into consideration the fact that the image of a financial planner plays an important role when trying to establish a professional relationship with a client. The findings reveal that Black consumers in particular, generally have a negative image of a financial planner, which is influenced not only by their perceptions of a financial planner, but also by their self-perception of their own financial situation. The reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process also incorporates the finding that discussions around personal finances are considered impolite and taboo among the Black African community, which influences their ability to talk about these topics, trust a financial planner, and establish a professional relationship with them. The findings also reveal that a racial and gender bias exists among Black consumers – they prefer interacting with a White male financial planner, as they perceive them to be more competent and have more experience with finances and wealth accumulation. It was also found that CFP® professionals believe that having cultural awareness and cultural intelligence can reduce bias in the way that questions are asked, so as not to offend the client. Thus, cultural awareness was also incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process. It was also noted that it is important to ascertain clients’ level of financial literacy during the information gathering stage. Black consumers opined that in this regard, it is the role of the financial planner to both ascertain and ensure their clients’ financial literacy, and to offer financial education to ensure client understanding. vii Although the premise of the study is that South African consumers have unique financial needs due to the high degree of diversity among the population, it was the opinion of CFP® professionals that Black consumers, in particular, do not have unique financial needs – instead, they define their needs differently, have different exposures to financial resources to address their financial needs, and also prioritise and satisfy their needs differently. The prioritised financial needs of Black households (sub-themes) that emerged from both participant groups include the need to make provision for black tax, estate planning, funerals, and property ownership. Black household participants mentioned (to a greater extent than CFP® professionals did) the need to make provision for lobola and initiation schools, as these form part of several traditional ceremonies. The need to make provision for a family home was mentioned by Black household participants but not by CFP® professionals. It was discovered from Black household participants that stokvels are the most common micro-finance tool used by Black consumers, for various reasons. In fact for some, stokvels are preferred over formal financial products because they perceive that they yield a higher return, and others use them successfully to supplement their current provisions. These findings (among others) were incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which is presented in this study. This study has made a contribution to the financial planning body of knowledge by presenting a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process, and providing new knowledge on each of the associated six steps and their suitability in a South African context. This study also provides justification and evidence for the inclusion of aspects within the sixstep financial planning process that enhance the understanding of cultural diversity and needs of Black households in particular. Justification has also been provided for the inclusion of cultural aspects and diverse needs of Black consumers the in the academic curriculum of FPI and FSCA recognised qualifications, as well as the facilitation and learning outcomes of business and product-specific training that FSPs are required to provide to their representatives. The study findings also have implications for the development of the academic curriculum and assessment materials for CFP® professionals by recognised education providers, the FSCA regulatory examination, and the FPI professional competency examination. In addition, the study has provided evidence for the need to develop financial products, or customise existing financial products, that address the viii needs of Black households – especially culture-specific financial needs such as black tax, lobola and funding for initiation schools. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
An Analysis of the Impact of Platinum mining strikes on the South African Economy and exchange rate volatility
- Authors: Malusi, Zintle
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Platinum group Industry , South African economy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61648 , vital:71822
- Description: The platinum group metals (PGM) mining sector is the largest component of the South African mining sector based on its contribution to GDP, employment and its overall contribution to the South African economy. Over the past decades South African production of PGMs has been declining, but post global financial crisis the country’s production growth has reduced due to the significant labour disruptions the industry has faced since late 2010. This paper aims to analyse the impact of these industrial strikes on the South African economy for the period 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2016 given the availability of data and significant strikes in that period. An examination of the impact strikes has had on the South African economy by running regressions using the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) technique. The study also looked at economic variables such as exchange rate, interest rate and the platinum index to determine the effect on the platinum mining sector. Regression equations are tested to prove the effects strikes have on theses variables and the economy at large , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Malusi, Zintle
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Platinum group Industry , South African economy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61648 , vital:71822
- Description: The platinum group metals (PGM) mining sector is the largest component of the South African mining sector based on its contribution to GDP, employment and its overall contribution to the South African economy. Over the past decades South African production of PGMs has been declining, but post global financial crisis the country’s production growth has reduced due to the significant labour disruptions the industry has faced since late 2010. This paper aims to analyse the impact of these industrial strikes on the South African economy for the period 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2016 given the availability of data and significant strikes in that period. An examination of the impact strikes has had on the South African economy by running regressions using the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) technique. The study also looked at economic variables such as exchange rate, interest rate and the platinum index to determine the effect on the platinum mining sector. Regression equations are tested to prove the effects strikes have on theses variables and the economy at large , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The assessment of public participation as a model to enhance development in local government: the case of Raymond Mhlaba local municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Kapayi, Nceba Isaac
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Local government , community development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61431 , vital:70641
- Description: The notion of public participation in decision-making processes is one of the mechanisms that seek to entrench equality and transform social coherence between government and citizens. This view relates to the provision of quality and sustainability of goods and services. The individuals, both in their capacity as citizens and consumers of public goods and services should be allowed to participate in the development that affect in terms of the regulatory frameworks. They should be permitted and encouraged to express their views on governance and development matters pertaining to them. Nevertheless, there are number of factors that impede the participation of the local communities in development planning processes, such as a communication gap between government officials and communities, socio-economic inequalities, poor service delivery, unemployment, a lack of capacity building and transparency to mention a few. The planning and implementation of municipal projects should be accepted only after considerable discussion and consultation with communities. This process is seen as allowing deprived groups and individuals to have voices in future development initiatives. As such, public participation enables for full involvement of ordinary members of the community in decision making, planning, designing, organising and executing development initiatives that affect them. The Researcher decided to embark on a study entitled: The assessment of public participation as a model to enhance development in local government. The case of Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape. Adopting the quantitative research design, data was collected through questionnaires for the key informants consisting of 3 participants, 3 officials from Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. Data was also collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with members of the communities from Kataga in Adelaide, Gaga Village in Alice and Magaleni location in Fort Beaufort. Eighteen (18) community members were selected to participate in the study from both communities inclusive of ward councillors. Community members were organised into 1 focus group participants in each location (comprising of 6 people per group).To support the data obtained from focus group 3 key informants from Raymond Mhlaba Municipality participated in the investigation. A heterogeneous population of 21 respondents participated in this study. The thematic analysis was vii used to analyse data. The findings consistently show that the ability of a local government to work effectively dependent on inclusive planning, implementation and decision making processes. This means that local government development is also required for the impartial and efficient operation of public institutions. Public confidence in local municipalities is expressed as one of the main factors that determine the government‘s competitiveness. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Kapayi, Nceba Isaac
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Local government , community development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61431 , vital:70641
- Description: The notion of public participation in decision-making processes is one of the mechanisms that seek to entrench equality and transform social coherence between government and citizens. This view relates to the provision of quality and sustainability of goods and services. The individuals, both in their capacity as citizens and consumers of public goods and services should be allowed to participate in the development that affect in terms of the regulatory frameworks. They should be permitted and encouraged to express their views on governance and development matters pertaining to them. Nevertheless, there are number of factors that impede the participation of the local communities in development planning processes, such as a communication gap between government officials and communities, socio-economic inequalities, poor service delivery, unemployment, a lack of capacity building and transparency to mention a few. The planning and implementation of municipal projects should be accepted only after considerable discussion and consultation with communities. This process is seen as allowing deprived groups and individuals to have voices in future development initiatives. As such, public participation enables for full involvement of ordinary members of the community in decision making, planning, designing, organising and executing development initiatives that affect them. The Researcher decided to embark on a study entitled: The assessment of public participation as a model to enhance development in local government. The case of Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape. Adopting the quantitative research design, data was collected through questionnaires for the key informants consisting of 3 participants, 3 officials from Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. Data was also collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with members of the communities from Kataga in Adelaide, Gaga Village in Alice and Magaleni location in Fort Beaufort. Eighteen (18) community members were selected to participate in the study from both communities inclusive of ward councillors. Community members were organised into 1 focus group participants in each location (comprising of 6 people per group).To support the data obtained from focus group 3 key informants from Raymond Mhlaba Municipality participated in the investigation. A heterogeneous population of 21 respondents participated in this study. The thematic analysis was vii used to analyse data. The findings consistently show that the ability of a local government to work effectively dependent on inclusive planning, implementation and decision making processes. This means that local government development is also required for the impartial and efficient operation of public institutions. Public confidence in local municipalities is expressed as one of the main factors that determine the government‘s competitiveness. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Factors that contribute to an optimal omnichannel retail experience: A South African perspective
- Authors: Hopa, Tandazile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Business planning , Consumer satisfaction
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61339 , vital:70374
- Description: The increase in the number of channels driven by technology trajectory over the years have led to a change in customer behaviour. Customers move around different retailer platforms during a single purchase; even so customers still expect a superior and seamless customer experience while navigating these channels. The present study built on studies conducted in countries such as China, Spain, India, United Kingdom amongst others to determine if the learnings from these countries can be applied in the South African context. This study used an interpretivist phenomenological approach and interviewed a qualitative sample of participants to gain insights on their experiences while shopping in these retailers. This study will assist Information Technology managers with prioritisation of their technology roadmaps. This study will also contribute to computer science studies because programmers will have a context of a customer’s perspective when developing omnichannel solutions. Lastly, the study can be used by governments and policy makers in developing national strategic plans relating to shared economy because the study highlights the need to omnichannel retailing in remote areas. The findings from the research were summarised into five themes customer experience, convenience, product, support, and security. The optimal South African omnichannel retail experience is one that allows the customer to seamlessly move across channels by integrating the retailing mix elements of product, place, promotion, price. To achieve this experience, retailers must integrate the customer’s profile information and ensure that the customer’s payment details are secure and are able to seamlessly login in all the retailer platforms. Contrary to the researcher’s expectations, South African customers do not expect an omnichannel support. They expect to keep online support separate from in-store support. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Hopa, Tandazile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Business planning , Consumer satisfaction
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61339 , vital:70374
- Description: The increase in the number of channels driven by technology trajectory over the years have led to a change in customer behaviour. Customers move around different retailer platforms during a single purchase; even so customers still expect a superior and seamless customer experience while navigating these channels. The present study built on studies conducted in countries such as China, Spain, India, United Kingdom amongst others to determine if the learnings from these countries can be applied in the South African context. This study used an interpretivist phenomenological approach and interviewed a qualitative sample of participants to gain insights on their experiences while shopping in these retailers. This study will assist Information Technology managers with prioritisation of their technology roadmaps. This study will also contribute to computer science studies because programmers will have a context of a customer’s perspective when developing omnichannel solutions. Lastly, the study can be used by governments and policy makers in developing national strategic plans relating to shared economy because the study highlights the need to omnichannel retailing in remote areas. The findings from the research were summarised into five themes customer experience, convenience, product, support, and security. The optimal South African omnichannel retail experience is one that allows the customer to seamlessly move across channels by integrating the retailing mix elements of product, place, promotion, price. To achieve this experience, retailers must integrate the customer’s profile information and ensure that the customer’s payment details are secure and are able to seamlessly login in all the retailer platforms. Contrary to the researcher’s expectations, South African customers do not expect an omnichannel support. They expect to keep online support separate from in-store support. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The influence of leadership on service delivery in the department of employment and labour, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Maleiba, Olivia
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Leadership , Transformational Leadership , Batho Pele Principles
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61636 , vital:71821
- Description: The aim of the public sector is to deliver effective and efficient services whilst reducing these delivery costs (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2007). In addressing this aim of public service delivery, the objective of the study was to investigate the impact of leadership on service delivery in a specific public sector. The researcher utilised a non-experimental correlation research design where the participants were entry level officials from region six within the National Department of Employment and Labour in the Eastern Cape, who reported to the first level of management (supervisors/team leaders). A probability sampling design with a cluster sampling method was used, wherein the population was grouped and a cluster was chosen. The sample consisted of officials who delivered services to the public at an entry administrative level either in a direct role or a supporting role. These officials reported to the first line of leadership in the hierarchy (supervisors/team leaders). Questionnaires were used as the primary source of data collection to solicit data from participants and obtain feedback on leadership behaviour on operational and service delivery issues in the workplace. The data was processed by statistical calculations of the mean, median, mode and standard deviation. The Cronbach Alpha as a test of internal validity, was used to test for reliability and validity. The findings of the study revealed that the department strived to improve leadership and service delivery in rendering public service which will naturally contribute to the 2030 vision of the National Development Plan and the fulfilment of the organisational mandate (South Africa National Planning Commission, 2012). , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Maleiba, Olivia
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Leadership , Transformational Leadership , Batho Pele Principles
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61636 , vital:71821
- Description: The aim of the public sector is to deliver effective and efficient services whilst reducing these delivery costs (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2007). In addressing this aim of public service delivery, the objective of the study was to investigate the impact of leadership on service delivery in a specific public sector. The researcher utilised a non-experimental correlation research design where the participants were entry level officials from region six within the National Department of Employment and Labour in the Eastern Cape, who reported to the first level of management (supervisors/team leaders). A probability sampling design with a cluster sampling method was used, wherein the population was grouped and a cluster was chosen. The sample consisted of officials who delivered services to the public at an entry administrative level either in a direct role or a supporting role. These officials reported to the first line of leadership in the hierarchy (supervisors/team leaders). Questionnaires were used as the primary source of data collection to solicit data from participants and obtain feedback on leadership behaviour on operational and service delivery issues in the workplace. The data was processed by statistical calculations of the mean, median, mode and standard deviation. The Cronbach Alpha as a test of internal validity, was used to test for reliability and validity. The findings of the study revealed that the department strived to improve leadership and service delivery in rendering public service which will naturally contribute to the 2030 vision of the National Development Plan and the fulfilment of the organisational mandate (South Africa National Planning Commission, 2012). , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The Socio-Economic Impact of Poor Governance on South African State-Owned Entities Since the Democratic Dispensation: A Case of Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways
- Authors: Bungane, Ntsikelelo
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Economics—Sociological aspects , corporate governance , Government business enterprises—South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60255 , vital:64144
- Description: Good corporate governance is one of the fundamental principles that enhance the efficiency and sustainability of any entity. It enables an entity to create value for its various stakeholders. This study focuses on the socio-economic impact of poor corporate governance of South African state-owned entities, particularly Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways since the democratic dispensation. The study examines the root cause of poor corporate governance and provides recommendations to address the root cause. Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways, like many other state-owned entities have a significant role in the country’s socio-economic development and yet in recent years they have made news for wrong reasons. There have been numerous reports of poor corporate governance which resulted in the establishment of a Commission of Enquiry into state capture. Two of the three parts of the report of the Commission suggest that poor corporate governance is prevalent in these entities. Some of the root causes that were evident are excessive political interference, ineffective leadership and conflicting governance legislation. This has come at a huge cost to the socio-economic objectives of the government. The future existence of these entities is under treat. There have been notable instances of retrenchments that came at a time when the rate of unemployment is at a record high. Productivity has slowed down, with prolonged periods of unstable power supply being one of the contributing factors. This has suppressed economic growth. These entities have also cost the fiscus billions of rands in government bailouts, funds which could have been used for other important social or capital investment programmes. Some of the suggestions that have been brought forward to curb the culture of poor corporate governance include legislative reform that will provide certainty in terms of governance and provide clear distinctions between the roles of political heads and administrators in the form of board members, COEs and executives. For the recommendations to be effective there needs to be commitment to ethical leadership on the part of political leaders. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Bungane, Ntsikelelo
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Economics—Sociological aspects , corporate governance , Government business enterprises—South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60255 , vital:64144
- Description: Good corporate governance is one of the fundamental principles that enhance the efficiency and sustainability of any entity. It enables an entity to create value for its various stakeholders. This study focuses on the socio-economic impact of poor corporate governance of South African state-owned entities, particularly Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways since the democratic dispensation. The study examines the root cause of poor corporate governance and provides recommendations to address the root cause. Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways, like many other state-owned entities have a significant role in the country’s socio-economic development and yet in recent years they have made news for wrong reasons. There have been numerous reports of poor corporate governance which resulted in the establishment of a Commission of Enquiry into state capture. Two of the three parts of the report of the Commission suggest that poor corporate governance is prevalent in these entities. Some of the root causes that were evident are excessive political interference, ineffective leadership and conflicting governance legislation. This has come at a huge cost to the socio-economic objectives of the government. The future existence of these entities is under treat. There have been notable instances of retrenchments that came at a time when the rate of unemployment is at a record high. Productivity has slowed down, with prolonged periods of unstable power supply being one of the contributing factors. This has suppressed economic growth. These entities have also cost the fiscus billions of rands in government bailouts, funds which could have been used for other important social or capital investment programmes. Some of the suggestions that have been brought forward to curb the culture of poor corporate governance include legislative reform that will provide certainty in terms of governance and provide clear distinctions between the roles of political heads and administrators in the form of board members, COEs and executives. For the recommendations to be effective there needs to be commitment to ethical leadership on the part of political leaders. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
A critical analysis of the criteria applied in South Africa to distinguish an independent contractor from an employee for income tax purposes
- Authors: Mkhoma, Londekile Nosipho
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Independent contractor , Common law tests , Income tax
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61702 , vital:71827
- Description: The study set out to critically analyse the criteria used by South Africa to determine the distinction between independent contractors and employees. Comparisons are also drawn with the criteria used in the United Kingdom(UK) and New Zealand (NZ) to assess whether there are new ideas that can be drawn from these and help improve the criteria used in South Africa. This was motivated by the ongoing debates around this issue and the desire to make a contribution that might bring some new insights and clarity. Under South African tax legislation employers are only obliged to deduct income tax from persons identified as employees while on the other hand, they cannot deduct tax contributions from the money paid to independent contractors for services rendered. Furthermore, there is no statutory definition for the term “independent contractor” in the Income Tax Act of South Africa nor in the country’s labour legislation. The definition of this term has largely been established by the labour courts in instances where disputes have arisen around these matters. Using a doctrinal research method (including a comparative legal research), which is a qualitative research approach, articles, statutes, judgements, explanatory memoranda, and policy documents on the subject under investigation were analysed. It is submitted that the criteria used in the two countries used in the comparison are similar to the ones used in South Africa, with some variations. All three countries use similar tests to make their determinations and a survey of the UK and NZ’s case law indicates that the most preferred criteria are the multifactoral approach to determine the true nature of the relationship between employers and their employees. This approach has been found to be more flexible which allows it to accommodate the changes that are occurring in the world of work. In the South African context, the labour court has adopted a substance-over-form approach in making their determinations, arguing that the nature of the working relationship between employer and employee is a more important indicator than the mere contents of a written contract. The labour court has also used labour legislation mainly to assist in the interpretation of the distinction between independent contractors and employees. The study established that the criteria used in the UK is a bit more complex because workers are put in three different categories and the definition of employee is not 4 uniform in all the available statutes. In New Zealand the multiple factor approach is preferred just like in South Africa. In conclusion is submitted that the study established that there is nothing, other than the UK’s Mutuality of Obligation Test, that would assist in further clarifying the criteria used to classify employees or independent contractors in South Africa , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mkhoma, Londekile Nosipho
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Independent contractor , Common law tests , Income tax
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61702 , vital:71827
- Description: The study set out to critically analyse the criteria used by South Africa to determine the distinction between independent contractors and employees. Comparisons are also drawn with the criteria used in the United Kingdom(UK) and New Zealand (NZ) to assess whether there are new ideas that can be drawn from these and help improve the criteria used in South Africa. This was motivated by the ongoing debates around this issue and the desire to make a contribution that might bring some new insights and clarity. Under South African tax legislation employers are only obliged to deduct income tax from persons identified as employees while on the other hand, they cannot deduct tax contributions from the money paid to independent contractors for services rendered. Furthermore, there is no statutory definition for the term “independent contractor” in the Income Tax Act of South Africa nor in the country’s labour legislation. The definition of this term has largely been established by the labour courts in instances where disputes have arisen around these matters. Using a doctrinal research method (including a comparative legal research), which is a qualitative research approach, articles, statutes, judgements, explanatory memoranda, and policy documents on the subject under investigation were analysed. It is submitted that the criteria used in the two countries used in the comparison are similar to the ones used in South Africa, with some variations. All three countries use similar tests to make their determinations and a survey of the UK and NZ’s case law indicates that the most preferred criteria are the multifactoral approach to determine the true nature of the relationship between employers and their employees. This approach has been found to be more flexible which allows it to accommodate the changes that are occurring in the world of work. In the South African context, the labour court has adopted a substance-over-form approach in making their determinations, arguing that the nature of the working relationship between employer and employee is a more important indicator than the mere contents of a written contract. The labour court has also used labour legislation mainly to assist in the interpretation of the distinction between independent contractors and employees. The study established that the criteria used in the UK is a bit more complex because workers are put in three different categories and the definition of employee is not 4 uniform in all the available statutes. In New Zealand the multiple factor approach is preferred just like in South Africa. In conclusion is submitted that the study established that there is nothing, other than the UK’s Mutuality of Obligation Test, that would assist in further clarifying the criteria used to classify employees or independent contractors in South Africa , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Collective entrepreneurship and economic development in MALAWI: A case study of Blantyre City
- Authors: Kadewa, Mireille Joana
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Economic development -- Malawi , Small business -- Malawi , Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61420 , vital:70636
- Description: Entrepreneurship is one of the corner stones of poverty alleviation as it is a tool for economic growth. As Malawi’s SME sector comprising entrepreneurs is facing challenges such as lack of access to finance, and high business operating costs, collective entrepreneurship has been found to be a possible solution. Collective entrepreneurship occurs when individual’s resources and skills are incorporated into a group so that the innovation process and accessing marketing resources is made easier compared to individual effort. The collective ability of individuals and organisations is important in developing countries as it enables the use of the community as a means of targeting business opportunities and hence promoting growth of the economy. This study’s purpose was to assess the potential of collective entrepreneurship in enhancing economic development in Malawi. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the youths’ attitudes towards collective entrepreneurship, examine the potential of collective entrepreneurship to empower the youth economically, explore ways of engaging the youth in collective entrepreneurship programmes and identify strategies that could be used to promote economic development by the youth through collective entrepreneurship. The study focused on the youth to increase their empowerment economically, as this element was previously not critically examined. Furthermore, this study was based on the fact that not much research has been conducted in Malawi to guide an entrepreneurship development strategy. The study’s participants were from Blantyre City townships. A survey method was adopted, targeting a population of 90 respondents. Data was collected using 40 questionnaires, 17 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions. Data was analysed using software packages such as Rev, Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the youth are ready to participate in collective entrepreneurship ventures as they can potentially empower them economically. The study found ways of engaging the youth in collective entrepreneurship programmes, which included financial institutions such as banks providing timely tailored financing options and engaging responsively with youth. The study identified strategies that could be used to promote economic development by means of collective entrepreneurship including universities supporting young entrepreneurs through courses on collective vii entrepreneurship, and the hosting of incubator and accelerator programmes. The study made several recommendations which among them was targeting the youth in the formation of collective entrepreneurship programmes, developing policies that embrace key success factors for collective entrepreneurship and promoting entities that can foster collective entrepreneurship. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Kadewa, Mireille Joana
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Economic development -- Malawi , Small business -- Malawi , Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61420 , vital:70636
- Description: Entrepreneurship is one of the corner stones of poverty alleviation as it is a tool for economic growth. As Malawi’s SME sector comprising entrepreneurs is facing challenges such as lack of access to finance, and high business operating costs, collective entrepreneurship has been found to be a possible solution. Collective entrepreneurship occurs when individual’s resources and skills are incorporated into a group so that the innovation process and accessing marketing resources is made easier compared to individual effort. The collective ability of individuals and organisations is important in developing countries as it enables the use of the community as a means of targeting business opportunities and hence promoting growth of the economy. This study’s purpose was to assess the potential of collective entrepreneurship in enhancing economic development in Malawi. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the youths’ attitudes towards collective entrepreneurship, examine the potential of collective entrepreneurship to empower the youth economically, explore ways of engaging the youth in collective entrepreneurship programmes and identify strategies that could be used to promote economic development by the youth through collective entrepreneurship. The study focused on the youth to increase their empowerment economically, as this element was previously not critically examined. Furthermore, this study was based on the fact that not much research has been conducted in Malawi to guide an entrepreneurship development strategy. The study’s participants were from Blantyre City townships. A survey method was adopted, targeting a population of 90 respondents. Data was collected using 40 questionnaires, 17 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions. Data was analysed using software packages such as Rev, Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the youth are ready to participate in collective entrepreneurship ventures as they can potentially empower them economically. The study found ways of engaging the youth in collective entrepreneurship programmes, which included financial institutions such as banks providing timely tailored financing options and engaging responsively with youth. The study identified strategies that could be used to promote economic development by means of collective entrepreneurship including universities supporting young entrepreneurs through courses on collective vii entrepreneurship, and the hosting of incubator and accelerator programmes. The study made several recommendations which among them was targeting the youth in the formation of collective entrepreneurship programmes, developing policies that embrace key success factors for collective entrepreneurship and promoting entities that can foster collective entrepreneurship. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The socio-economic impact of communal property associations in O.R. Tambo district in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mhlontlo, Lizo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Socio-economic impact , Communal Property Associations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61692 , vital:71826
- Description: Land is the most valuable resource in every nation since it supports all aspects of life by giving people food, shelter, and water. In South Africa, the legacy of the colonial past remains with ongoing poverty, landlessness, inequality, and insecurity to this day. Large tracts of property are still owned by the minority who benefited from apartheid colonialism, the land issue continues to be a major concern in South African politics. After 1994 the Department of Land Affairs released a White Paper on Land Reform that served as the model for many subsequent land reform initiatives, including land restitution. Former Bantustans contain a sizable quantity of unsurveyed land that is kept in trust and administered by traditional leaders who serve as custodians. In order to return the land to its rightful owners through land restitution as well as other land reform initiatives, the government established a legal organization, the Communal Property Association (CPA), against which the land could be registered. This study focuses on CPAs located on unsurveyed communal land in the Eastern Cape Province's OR Tambo District. There has been discussion in parliament and among academics about the effectiveness of CPAs in addressing socioeconomic needs. Various studies and departmental assessments have revealed that CPAs are not in compliance with the Act that governs them, and the Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Land Reform developed a regularization intervention strategy to close administrative gaps in slow land transfer, membership, financial reporting, asset management, and accountability. This study investigates whether CPAs provide socioeconomic benefits, and assesses their current practicability. Five CPAs were sampled, each located in different towns in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape. The findings are that while there has been a socio-economic impact in the broader community where CPAs are located there has been limited benefit to intended beneficiaries. CPAs and their administration are in dire need of change. Too large CPA groupings, a lack of understanding of the constitution, a lack of business skills, a lack of asset management, corrupt transactions on CPA land, traditional leadership interference, delays in land surveying and transfer, a lack of government support, and land invasions are all challenges. The government needs to prioritize land surveying and transfer to beneficiaries in order to reduce land invasions and conflicts with traditional leaders. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mhlontlo, Lizo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Socio-economic impact , Communal Property Associations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61692 , vital:71826
- Description: Land is the most valuable resource in every nation since it supports all aspects of life by giving people food, shelter, and water. In South Africa, the legacy of the colonial past remains with ongoing poverty, landlessness, inequality, and insecurity to this day. Large tracts of property are still owned by the minority who benefited from apartheid colonialism, the land issue continues to be a major concern in South African politics. After 1994 the Department of Land Affairs released a White Paper on Land Reform that served as the model for many subsequent land reform initiatives, including land restitution. Former Bantustans contain a sizable quantity of unsurveyed land that is kept in trust and administered by traditional leaders who serve as custodians. In order to return the land to its rightful owners through land restitution as well as other land reform initiatives, the government established a legal organization, the Communal Property Association (CPA), against which the land could be registered. This study focuses on CPAs located on unsurveyed communal land in the Eastern Cape Province's OR Tambo District. There has been discussion in parliament and among academics about the effectiveness of CPAs in addressing socioeconomic needs. Various studies and departmental assessments have revealed that CPAs are not in compliance with the Act that governs them, and the Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Land Reform developed a regularization intervention strategy to close administrative gaps in slow land transfer, membership, financial reporting, asset management, and accountability. This study investigates whether CPAs provide socioeconomic benefits, and assesses their current practicability. Five CPAs were sampled, each located in different towns in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape. The findings are that while there has been a socio-economic impact in the broader community where CPAs are located there has been limited benefit to intended beneficiaries. CPAs and their administration are in dire need of change. Too large CPA groupings, a lack of understanding of the constitution, a lack of business skills, a lack of asset management, corrupt transactions on CPA land, traditional leadership interference, delays in land surveying and transfer, a lack of government support, and land invasions are all challenges. The government needs to prioritize land surveying and transfer to beneficiaries in order to reduce land invasions and conflicts with traditional leaders. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Township economy performance and contribution towards economic development in Nelson Mandela Bay: Assessment using the circular flow of money
- Authors: Matambeka, Sibahle
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Circular Economy , Economic Development , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61659 , vital:71823
- Description: The study sought to explore township economic performance and contribution towards economic development in Nelson Mandela Bay, using the circular flow of money model. The study surveyed households and businesses in one of the townships in Nelson Mandela Bay (Kwazakhele). The survey reached out to 100 households and 100 businesses, totalling 200 participants. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The current state of the township economy is not a desirable one. There are more leakages than injections into the township economy. More township residents (especially high-income earners) choose to shop outside the township for goods because the township does not have the goods that residents need. Key findings show that township businesses are small in nature, primarily sole propriety and operate informally in the streets. Most people who work, earn R3500 and below and spend most of their income on food and groceries. Supply for the most consumed products in the township comes mainly from outside the township, and there is no circular flow in the township economy. However, there are more people working inside the township than those who work outside the township. More essential goods are found in the township than before, so residents do not have to travel outside the township to get basic groceries and food. Other findings show that the government is not intervening enough to help the township businesses through policy implementation and financial aid. Businesses in the township do not pay taxes, and this can limit what the government can do to help them. There are other business constraints that are prohibiting the township businesses to reach the optimum level, and the top cited constraint is Crime. The study recommended that government should intervene by passing a bill like the Gauteng Township Economy Bill that aims at assisting township businesses. Households should come up with other streams of income through entrepreneurship so that they can not only depend on government social grants for income. Businesses should form bulk buying groups to increase buying power to be competitive. Lastly, businesses should seek alternative sources of power because electricity is expensive, and the load-shedding is prohibiting township businesses from running efficiently. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Matambeka, Sibahle
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Circular Economy , Economic Development , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61659 , vital:71823
- Description: The study sought to explore township economic performance and contribution towards economic development in Nelson Mandela Bay, using the circular flow of money model. The study surveyed households and businesses in one of the townships in Nelson Mandela Bay (Kwazakhele). The survey reached out to 100 households and 100 businesses, totalling 200 participants. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The current state of the township economy is not a desirable one. There are more leakages than injections into the township economy. More township residents (especially high-income earners) choose to shop outside the township for goods because the township does not have the goods that residents need. Key findings show that township businesses are small in nature, primarily sole propriety and operate informally in the streets. Most people who work, earn R3500 and below and spend most of their income on food and groceries. Supply for the most consumed products in the township comes mainly from outside the township, and there is no circular flow in the township economy. However, there are more people working inside the township than those who work outside the township. More essential goods are found in the township than before, so residents do not have to travel outside the township to get basic groceries and food. Other findings show that the government is not intervening enough to help the township businesses through policy implementation and financial aid. Businesses in the township do not pay taxes, and this can limit what the government can do to help them. There are other business constraints that are prohibiting the township businesses to reach the optimum level, and the top cited constraint is Crime. The study recommended that government should intervene by passing a bill like the Gauteng Township Economy Bill that aims at assisting township businesses. Households should come up with other streams of income through entrepreneurship so that they can not only depend on government social grants for income. Businesses should form bulk buying groups to increase buying power to be competitive. Lastly, businesses should seek alternative sources of power because electricity is expensive, and the load-shedding is prohibiting township businesses from running efficiently. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Technology acceptance model perceptions of operational staff on the implementation of advanced radiography equipment
- Authors: James, Bryan Gerard Anthony
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Medical technology , Radiography--Equipment and supplies
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61393 , vital:70634
- Description: Throughout the recent history of South Africa, the increasing requirements from state and private sector healthcare institutions have relied heavily upon medical imaging technologies for the purposes of improved patient healthcare and service quality standards. Developments in this field of healthcare have seen many interesting and challenging operational changes: from the first implementation and use of X-ray equipment demonstrated in Krugersdorp in 1899; to the current advanced digital systems found in the medical imaging services sector of healthcare. This research study measured the medical imaging operational staff perceptions about new advanced medical imaging equipment and technologies. The theory crossed the academic disciplines through a quantitative survey about technology, operations management and healthcare. Together with staff perceptions about future medical imaging technologies’ usefulness and ease of use, the findings may impact their daily operations within a conducive technology acceptance management paradigm. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: James, Bryan Gerard Anthony
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Medical technology , Radiography--Equipment and supplies
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61393 , vital:70634
- Description: Throughout the recent history of South Africa, the increasing requirements from state and private sector healthcare institutions have relied heavily upon medical imaging technologies for the purposes of improved patient healthcare and service quality standards. Developments in this field of healthcare have seen many interesting and challenging operational changes: from the first implementation and use of X-ray equipment demonstrated in Krugersdorp in 1899; to the current advanced digital systems found in the medical imaging services sector of healthcare. This research study measured the medical imaging operational staff perceptions about new advanced medical imaging equipment and technologies. The theory crossed the academic disciplines through a quantitative survey about technology, operations management and healthcare. Together with staff perceptions about future medical imaging technologies’ usefulness and ease of use, the findings may impact their daily operations within a conducive technology acceptance management paradigm. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
An analysis of government’s facilitation in attracting original equipment manufacturer foreign direct investments in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Shogole, Nomkhitha Samantha
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Investments, Foreign -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20319 , vital:29260
- Description: The South African automotive industry has experienced significant growth since its first inception in 1995. South Africa’s trade relations with other countries has facilitated the growth of this sector. Government introduced programmes that encouraged growth in the sector, namely the Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP) and the Automotive Production and Development Programme (APDP). South Africa as the catalyst for development in Africa needs to continuously strive to integrate with other developed countries to and promote Foreign Direct Investments into the continent. The development of the industry requires organic growth to ensure that it remains sustainable. The research problem addressed in this study is to establish the role government plays in ensuring a sustained growth of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the automotive sector. The establishment of this statement is imperative to the growth of automotive investments by multinationals in South Africa. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) are positioned in three of the country’s eleven provinces. The Eastern Cape region has been known to be the automotive-hub of South Africa with a GDP that is driven by the secondary automotive sector consisting of multinational OEM giants such as Volkswagen South Africa (VWSA), General Motors South Africa (GMSA), Ford Motor Company, FAW and Daimler. South African OEMs are required to lobby at the principal companies before a new model can be built in the country. Lobbying involves offering competitive logistics costs to build models in South Africa. Stakeholders led by government are required to actively participate in these negotiations to sustain the industry in the country. One of the ways this can be achieved is through formulation, integration and alignment of strategies between all stakeholders. Stakeholders involve private sector and public sector working together. South Africa has achieved an open-country perception to foreign investors through the APDP. The problem statement was accurately explained and expressed clearly and sub-problems were identified from areas in the main problem that required further analysis. Literature has revealed that South African ports are considered to be the most expensive in the world and that there is a lack of port and rail integrated infrastructure. Providing a complete supply chain for logistics will result in increased FDI for South Africa. The governmental entities’ support will allow the OEMs an opportunity to increase investment in South Africa thus creating employment and adding value to the GDP of South Africa. The South African component manufacturer’s sector has grown intensively creating sustainable jobs for South Africans. The industry is structured in such a way that there is a multiplier-effect reaction to macro-economic conditions. A comprehensive literature review was executed to understand the nature and extent of the global automotive industry, the South African automotive industry, the regions that host OEMs, the Motor Industry Development Programme and the Automotive Production and Development Programme. A primary research instrument was constructed, in the form of a questionnaire, to test themes which were highlighted in the literature review which can influence the sector’s competitive advantage. A questionnaire was distributed with the assistance of industry representatives in the Transport and Logistics sector. There was consensus on many issues regarding the current structure of the South African automotive industry. Specifically, the importance of rail, efficiencies, prices and value-added services needed in the industry to attract FDIs as well as the readiness of the Port of Port Elizabeth with regards to being positioned as an automotive-hub for Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Shogole, Nomkhitha Samantha
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Investments, Foreign -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20319 , vital:29260
- Description: The South African automotive industry has experienced significant growth since its first inception in 1995. South Africa’s trade relations with other countries has facilitated the growth of this sector. Government introduced programmes that encouraged growth in the sector, namely the Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP) and the Automotive Production and Development Programme (APDP). South Africa as the catalyst for development in Africa needs to continuously strive to integrate with other developed countries to and promote Foreign Direct Investments into the continent. The development of the industry requires organic growth to ensure that it remains sustainable. The research problem addressed in this study is to establish the role government plays in ensuring a sustained growth of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the automotive sector. The establishment of this statement is imperative to the growth of automotive investments by multinationals in South Africa. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) are positioned in three of the country’s eleven provinces. The Eastern Cape region has been known to be the automotive-hub of South Africa with a GDP that is driven by the secondary automotive sector consisting of multinational OEM giants such as Volkswagen South Africa (VWSA), General Motors South Africa (GMSA), Ford Motor Company, FAW and Daimler. South African OEMs are required to lobby at the principal companies before a new model can be built in the country. Lobbying involves offering competitive logistics costs to build models in South Africa. Stakeholders led by government are required to actively participate in these negotiations to sustain the industry in the country. One of the ways this can be achieved is through formulation, integration and alignment of strategies between all stakeholders. Stakeholders involve private sector and public sector working together. South Africa has achieved an open-country perception to foreign investors through the APDP. The problem statement was accurately explained and expressed clearly and sub-problems were identified from areas in the main problem that required further analysis. Literature has revealed that South African ports are considered to be the most expensive in the world and that there is a lack of port and rail integrated infrastructure. Providing a complete supply chain for logistics will result in increased FDI for South Africa. The governmental entities’ support will allow the OEMs an opportunity to increase investment in South Africa thus creating employment and adding value to the GDP of South Africa. The South African component manufacturer’s sector has grown intensively creating sustainable jobs for South Africans. The industry is structured in such a way that there is a multiplier-effect reaction to macro-economic conditions. A comprehensive literature review was executed to understand the nature and extent of the global automotive industry, the South African automotive industry, the regions that host OEMs, the Motor Industry Development Programme and the Automotive Production and Development Programme. A primary research instrument was constructed, in the form of a questionnaire, to test themes which were highlighted in the literature review which can influence the sector’s competitive advantage. A questionnaire was distributed with the assistance of industry representatives in the Transport and Logistics sector. There was consensus on many issues regarding the current structure of the South African automotive industry. Specifically, the importance of rail, efficiencies, prices and value-added services needed in the industry to attract FDIs as well as the readiness of the Port of Port Elizabeth with regards to being positioned as an automotive-hub for Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The Influence of authentic leadership on the workplace safety culture in the tyre industry of South Africa
- Authors: Gallant, Ryan
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Authentic leadership , Work environment, tyre industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59403 , vital:62078
- Description: The lost-time injury rate in the South African automotive industry is higher than one per million (Harmony, 2010:2). Other manufacturing and construction industries have embarked on safety programmes to ensure awareness amongst their workers. The leaders in industry should have a significant influence to steer the safety culture in the automotive industry. This study examined the relationship between Authentic leadership and a safety Culture in the tyre industry of South Africa. The purpose of the study was to increase the workplace safety culture in the South African tyre manufacturing industry by investigating whether the implementation of an authentic leadership programs would positively influence workplace culture. An exploratory study used a quantitative research design involving an email survey to examine the relationship between Authentic Leadership and Safety Culture. Authentic leadership and the safety climate were assessed using the Norwegian Offshore Risk and Safety Climate Inventory (NORSC), the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, and the questionnaire from Fulele and Kadam. Seven safety climate dimensions were mapped onto the questionnaire. The data from the questionnaire were analysed using STATISTICA software. According to respondents there is a very strong relationship between Authentic Leadership and the implantation of OHSA standards in the tyre industry in South Africa. In addition, respondents rated their management’s implementation of the organisation’s safety routines highly. There was a high level of motivation among respondents to act in a safe manner. The motivation of workers to work safety is also strong related to authentic leadership. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Gallant, Ryan
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Authentic leadership , Work environment, tyre industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59403 , vital:62078
- Description: The lost-time injury rate in the South African automotive industry is higher than one per million (Harmony, 2010:2). Other manufacturing and construction industries have embarked on safety programmes to ensure awareness amongst their workers. The leaders in industry should have a significant influence to steer the safety culture in the automotive industry. This study examined the relationship between Authentic leadership and a safety Culture in the tyre industry of South Africa. The purpose of the study was to increase the workplace safety culture in the South African tyre manufacturing industry by investigating whether the implementation of an authentic leadership programs would positively influence workplace culture. An exploratory study used a quantitative research design involving an email survey to examine the relationship between Authentic Leadership and Safety Culture. Authentic leadership and the safety climate were assessed using the Norwegian Offshore Risk and Safety Climate Inventory (NORSC), the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, and the questionnaire from Fulele and Kadam. Seven safety climate dimensions were mapped onto the questionnaire. The data from the questionnaire were analysed using STATISTICA software. According to respondents there is a very strong relationship between Authentic Leadership and the implantation of OHSA standards in the tyre industry in South Africa. In addition, respondents rated their management’s implementation of the organisation’s safety routines highly. There was a high level of motivation among respondents to act in a safe manner. The motivation of workers to work safety is also strong related to authentic leadership. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Fiscal consolidation and economic growth: a comparison of South Africa and selected three OECD countries
- Mphaphuli, Zeb Junior Rabelani
- Authors: Mphaphuli, Zeb Junior Rabelani
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Fiscal consolidation , Economic growth -- South Africa , OECD countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62142 , vital:72001
- Description: The study examined the relationship between fiscal consolidation and economic growth in South Africa (SA) in comparison with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The study emphasizes the use of fiscal consolidation as a tool to stimulate economic growth and reduce the budget deficit, focusing on the reforms of public revenues and expenditures. Moreover, the study employed the panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) model to explore the relationship between fiscal consolidation and economic growth in SA and three OECD countries from the period 1990 - 2018. The cointegration analysis confirmed the existence of cointegration between the variables which suggested that there is a long-run relationship among the variables. As a result, both long and short run dynamic models were evaluated. The result of the study shows that fiscal consolidation positively affects economic growth in South Africa in the long run, whilst in OECD countries fiscal consolidation negatively affects economic growth, both in the short and long run. Low government debt in South Africa due to lower deficit translated to a higher economic growth whilst higher debt level in OECD countries due to higher government spending translated to higher economic growth, one of the main differences in the relationship between fiscal consolidation and economic growth in South Africa and OECD countries is their spending pattern. Majority of South Africa’s budget is spent on inefficient state-owned enterprises, which have accounted for the bulk of government contingent liabilities, resulting in high borrowing costs, which consequently lead to high borrowing cost, thus the rising central government debt as a percentage of GDP. Unlike in SA, OECD countries spend towards capital expenditure specifically in priority areas such as infrastructure, Technology, and transport hence their high debt levels result in higher economic growth. In attempt to stimulate South Africa's economic growth, it is recommended that South Africa implement effective fiscal consolidations based on expenditure adjustments rather than revenue adjustments, as expenditure adjustments are more likely to reduce deficits and debt-to-GDP ratios and are more effective. In addition, the South African fiscal stimulus package can be used to invest more in infrastructure to increase private capital accumulation and stimulate economic growth. However, South Africa must exercise caution when reducing expenditures to avoid a reduction in development spending, which could lead to a decline in unemployment. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mphaphuli, Zeb Junior Rabelani
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Fiscal consolidation , Economic growth -- South Africa , OECD countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62142 , vital:72001
- Description: The study examined the relationship between fiscal consolidation and economic growth in South Africa (SA) in comparison with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The study emphasizes the use of fiscal consolidation as a tool to stimulate economic growth and reduce the budget deficit, focusing on the reforms of public revenues and expenditures. Moreover, the study employed the panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) model to explore the relationship between fiscal consolidation and economic growth in SA and three OECD countries from the period 1990 - 2018. The cointegration analysis confirmed the existence of cointegration between the variables which suggested that there is a long-run relationship among the variables. As a result, both long and short run dynamic models were evaluated. The result of the study shows that fiscal consolidation positively affects economic growth in South Africa in the long run, whilst in OECD countries fiscal consolidation negatively affects economic growth, both in the short and long run. Low government debt in South Africa due to lower deficit translated to a higher economic growth whilst higher debt level in OECD countries due to higher government spending translated to higher economic growth, one of the main differences in the relationship between fiscal consolidation and economic growth in South Africa and OECD countries is their spending pattern. Majority of South Africa’s budget is spent on inefficient state-owned enterprises, which have accounted for the bulk of government contingent liabilities, resulting in high borrowing costs, which consequently lead to high borrowing cost, thus the rising central government debt as a percentage of GDP. Unlike in SA, OECD countries spend towards capital expenditure specifically in priority areas such as infrastructure, Technology, and transport hence their high debt levels result in higher economic growth. In attempt to stimulate South Africa's economic growth, it is recommended that South Africa implement effective fiscal consolidations based on expenditure adjustments rather than revenue adjustments, as expenditure adjustments are more likely to reduce deficits and debt-to-GDP ratios and are more effective. In addition, the South African fiscal stimulus package can be used to invest more in infrastructure to increase private capital accumulation and stimulate economic growth. However, South Africa must exercise caution when reducing expenditures to avoid a reduction in development spending, which could lead to a decline in unemployment. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04